DET 1022 ELECTRICAL WIRING

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Apply the concept and principles of electrical safety and wiring in electrical wiring
according to NIOSH and MS IEC 60364. (C3, PLO1)

2. Solve problems related to single-phase domestic wiring failure according to MS IEC

60364. (C3, PLO2)

3. Construct single-phase domestic wiring, wiring inspection & testing, and wiring
protection according to MS IEC 60364. (P4, PLO5)

4. Demonstrate understanding of engineering norms and practices in electrical

wiring during practical work sessions. (A3, PLO10)
DET 1022 ELECTRICAL WIRING

1.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

 TOPIC OBJECTIVE
Upon completion of this topic, students should be able to:

1. Know electric hazard.

2. Understand working environment safety
3. Apply working practice safety
 1.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Hazards in wiring installation
a) Old wiring.
b) Wire gage insufficient for loads
c) Non-grounded or improperly polarized plugs
and outlets
d) Fuse or circuit-breaker misuse
e) Not enough branch circuits and outlets
f) No AFCI’s in critical areas
g) No GFCI in bathrooms or kitchens, outdoors,
or near swimming pools
h) Failing aluminum wiring connections
i) Excessive attic temperatures
j) Overloaded or damaged extension cords
 Hazard in faulty
electrical parts
Electrical accidents
are caused by a
combination of
three factors:
– Unsafe equipment
and/or installation,
– Workplaces made
unsafe by the
environment, and
– Unsafe work
practices.
 EXPOSED ELECTRICAL PARTS

Cover removed from wiring or breaker box

 Hazard of overhead
power lines
• Usually not insulated
• Examples of equipment that
can contact power lines:
– Crane
– Ladder
– Scaffold
– Backhoe
– Scissors lift
– Raised dump truck bed
– Aluminum paint roller
 Improper Grounding Hazards
• Tools plugged into
improperly grounded
circuits may become
energized
• Broken wire or plug on
extension cord
• Some of the most
frequently violated OSHA
standards
 Overload Hazard
Overloads in an electrical system are hazardous because they can
produce heat or arcing. Wires and other components in an
electrical system or circuit have a maximum amount of current
they can carry safely. If too many devices are plugged into a
circuit, the electrical current will heat the wires to a very high
temperature. If any one tool uses too much current, the wires will
heat up

Overloads are a major cause Damaged equipment can overheat and

of fires. cause a fire
 Wet condition hazard
• If you touch a live wire or other
electrical component while
standing in even a small puddle
of water you’ll get a shock.
• Damaged insulation, equipment,
or tools can expose you to live
electrical parts.
• Improperly grounded metal
switch plates & ceiling lights are
especially hazardous in wet
conditions.
• Wet clothing, high humidity, and
perspiration increase your
chances of being electrocuted.
 Additional Hazards
In addition to electrical hazards, other
types of hazards are present at job sites.
Remember that all of these hazards can be
controlled.

• There may be chemical hazards.

Solvents and other substances may be
poisonous or cause disease.
• Frequent overhead work can cause
tendinitis (inflammation) in your Overhead work can cause long-term
shoulders. shoulder pain.
• Intensive use of hand tools that involve
force or twisting can cause tendinitis of
the hands,
wrists, or elbows. Use of hand tools can
also cause carpal tunnel syndrome,
which results when nerves in the wrist
are damaged by swelling tendons or
Frequent use of some hand tools can cause
wrist problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
 1.2 Lock Out and Tag Out
circuits and equipment
• Apply locks to power
source after de-
energizing
• Tag deactivated
controls
• Tag de-energized
equipment and
circuits at all points
where they can be
energized
• Tags must identify
equipment or
circuits being
worked on
Overload wiring by using the
right size and types of wire
• Wire used depends on operation, building
materials, electrical load, and environmental
factors
• Use fixed cords rather than flexible cords
• Use the correct extension cord
Control
• Insulate live wires
• Check before use
• Use only cords that are 3-wire type
• Use only cords marked for hard or extra-hard
usage
• Use only cords, connection devices, and fittings
equipped with strain relief
• Remove cords by pulling on the plugs, not the
cords
• Cords not marked for hard or extra-hard use, or
which have been modified, must be taken out
of service immediately
 Live electrical parts by
isolation
Electrical hazards exist when wires or other electrical parts are
exposed. These hazards need to be controlled to create a safe
work environment. Isolation of energized electrical parts makes
them inaccessible unless tools and special effort are used.
Isolation can be accomplished by placing the energized parts at
least 8 feet high and out of reach, or by guarding. Guarding is a
type of isolation that uses various structures—like cabinets,
boxes, screens, barriers, covers, and partitions—to close-off live
electrical parts
Guarding : a covering or barrier that
separates you from live electrical parts
Control – Isolate Electrical Parts -
Cabinets, Boxes & Fittings

Conductors going into them must be protected, and unused

openings must be closed
 Wires and Parts using
Insulation
• Insulation covers wires and prevents conductors
from coming in contact with each other or any
other conductor.
• If conductors are allowed to make contact, a
short circuit is created.
• Insulation keeps wires and other conductors
from touching, which prevents electrical short
circuits.
• Insulation prevents live wires from touching
people and animals, thus protecting them from
electrical shock.
 Current Shock from electrical
systems by Grounding them

Grounding creates a path for currents produced by unintended voltages

on exposed parts. These currents follow the grounding path, rather than
passing through the body of someone who touches the energized
equipment
 Shock Current by Using
Ground Fault Circuits
• When an electrical system is not
grounded properly, a hazard exists. This is
because the parts of an electrical wiring
system that a person normally touches
may be energized, or live, relative to
ground. Parts like switch plates, wiring
boxes, conduit, cabinets, and lights need
to be at 0 volts relative to ground
Using Over current Protection
devices.
When a current exceeds the current rating of
equipment or wiring, a hazard exists. The wiring in
the circuit, equipment, or tool cannot handle the
current without heating up or even melting. Not
only will the wiring or tool be damaged, but the
high temperature of the conductor can also cause a
fire. To prevent this from happening, an
overcurrent protection device (circuit breaker or
fuse) is used in a circuit. These devices open a
circuit automatically if they detect current in excess
of the current rating of equipment or wiring. This
excess current can be caused by an overload, short
circuit, or high-level ground fault.
Use overcurrent protection
devices (circuit breakers or fuses)
in circuits.
1.3 Apply Working Practices
Safety
Ladder safety facts sheet.
To prevent injury when climbing, follow these procedures:

1. Position the ladder at a safe angle to prevent slipping. The

horizontal distance from the base of the ladder to the
structure should be one-quarter the length of the ladder. If
you don’t have a way
to make this measurement, follow the steps below to
determine if the ladder is positioned at a safe angle.
• Put your feet at the base of the ladder and extend your
arms straight out.
• If you can touch the closest part of the ladder without
bending your arms, the ladder is probably at the correct
angle
• If you have to bend your arms to touch the closest part of
the ladder or if you can’t reach the ladder at all, the ladder is
not positioned at a safe angle
2. Make sure the base of the ladder has firm
support and the ground or floor is level. Be
very careful when placing a ladder on wet,
icy, or otherwise slippery surfaces. Special
blocking may be needed to prevent slipping
in these cases.
3. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations
for proper use.
4. Check the condition of the ladder before using it. Joints must
be tight to prevent wobbling or leaning.
5. When using a stepladder, make sure it is level and fully open.
Always lock the hinges. Do not stand on or above the top step.
 Avoid Wet Conditions
• If you touch a live wire or other
electrical component while
standing in even a small puddle
of water you’ll get a shock.
• Damaged insulation, equipment,
or tools can expose you to live
electrical parts.
• Improperly grounded metal
switch plates & ceiling lights are
especially hazardous in wet
conditions.
• Wet clothing, high humidity, and
perspiration increase your
chances of being electrocuted.
 Safety Procedures to Avoid
Overhead Power Lines.
• Stay at least 10 feet away
• Post warning signs
• Assume that lines are energized
• Use wood or fiberglass ladders,
not metal
• Power line workers need special
training & PPE
 Choose Proper Wiring Connector
• Use and test GFCI’s
• Check switches and
insulation
• Use three prong plugs
• Use extension cords
only when necessary &
assure in proper
condition and right
type for job
• Use correct connectors
RECAP

……………………………
 Use and Maintain Tools Properly
Maintain tools and equipment.
Inspect your equipment before use it.
• Inspect tools before using them—Check for cracked casings,
dents, missing or broken parts, and contamination (oil,
moisture, dirt, corrosion). Damaged tools must be removed
from service and properly tagged. These tools should not be
used until they are repaired and tested.
• Use the right tool correctly—Use tools correctly and for their
intended purposes. Follow the safety instructions and
operating procedures recommended by the manufacturer.
When working on a circuit, use approved tools with insulated
handles. However, DO NOT USE THESE TOOLS TO WORK ON
ENERGIZED CIRCUITS. ALWAYS SHUT OFF AND DE-ENERGIZE
CIRCUITS BEFORE BEGINNING WORK ON THEM
• Protect your tools—Keep tools and cords away from heat, oil, and
sharp objects. These hazards can damage insulation. If a tool or
cord heats up, stop using it! Report the condition to a supervisor
or instructor immediately. If equipment has been repaired, make
sure that it has been tested and certified as safe before using it.
Never carry a tool by the cord. Disconnect cords by pulling the
plug—not the cord!
• Use double-insulated tools—Portable electrical tools are
classified by the number of insulation barriers between the
electricalconductors in the tool and the worker. The NEC permits
the use
of portable tools only if they have been approved by
Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL Listed). Equipment that has two
insulation barriers and no exposed metal parts is called double-
insulated.
When used properly, double-insulated tools provide reliable
shock protection without the need for a third ground wire. Power
tools with metal housings or only one layer of effective
insulation must have a third ground wire and three-prong plug.
Use multiple safe practices—Remember: A circuit may not be
wired correctly. Wires may contact other “hot” circuits.
Someone else may do something to place you in danger. Take all
possible precautions.
Use the right tools and equipment.
Do not work on energized circuits.

Don’t work on energized circuits like this one! Always follow

correct lock-out/tag-out procedures.
REFERENCES
• ………………………………..