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Grade 10 Biology Final Exam Revision Sheet

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489 views54 pages

Grade 10 Biology Final Exam Revision Sheet

Uploaded by

hashemrahman4

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Q7.

The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.

(a) (i) Explain how food passes down the oesophagus.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Which labelled structure produces bile?
(1)
A
B
C
D

(iii) Describe the role of bile in digestion.

(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Lipase inhibitors are chemicals that bind to lipase enzymes.

To test the effect of a lipase inhibitor, equal masses of full fat milk are placed into two test tubes.
Lipase inhibitor is added to one test tube.
Lipase is added to both test tubes and the pH of each solution is measured every five minutes.
The results are shown in the table.

(i) Calculate the mean rate of pH change per minute of the solution without lipase inhibitor.
(2)

mean rate of pH change = ........................................................... per minute

(ii) Explain the difference in the changes of pH of the solutions in the two test tubes during the 20-
minute period.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Doctors use this method to investigate the use of lipase inhibitor as a treatment for obesity.

• give three volunteers a tablet containing the lipase inhibitor

• give another three volunteers a tablet with no lipase inhibitor
• give all the volunteers 100 cm 3 of olive oil to drink
• measure the lipid concentrations in the blood of the volunteers after three hours
Some of the volunteers reported abdominal pains three hours after drinking the olive oil.
The table shows the doctors' results.

Discuss the use of the lipase inhibitor as a treatment for obesity.

Use the data from the table to support your answer.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q8.

The diagram shows part of a food web from an ecosystem in a region of North America.

(a) (i) Which of these organisms in the food web is a primary consumer?
(1)
A beaver
B coyote
C grass
D wolf

(ii) State what is meant by the term ecosystem.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Wolves were hunted in this region of North America until they became extinct in 1926.

The extinction of wolves damaged the ecosystem in these ways.

• the population of mice, hawks and beavers decreased

• the population of producer species decreased

Beavers are important in this ecosystem because they cut down old trees and create shelters that other
organisms nest in.

Discuss why the extinction of wolves damaged the ecosystem.

(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) In 1995, 14 wolves were reintroduced to this region.

The diagram shows the change in wolf population from 1996 to 2016.
(i) Calculate the percentage change in the wolf population between 1996 and 2004.
(2)

percentage change = ........................................................... %

(ii) Suggest why the wolf population changed between 2004 and 2012.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) The reintroduction of wolves caused changes in the populations of some plant species.
Describe how the population size of a plant species in the region could be determined.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q9.

The data in the table shows how the mean maximum lung volume changes with age for males and
females.

(a) (i) Plot a bar graph to show this data.

(5)
(ii) Calculate the increase in mean maximum lung volume for males between the ages of 7 and 25.
(1)

increase = ........................................................... dm3

(iii) Explain why the mean maximum lung volume for males and females is similar at age 7 but is
different at age 25.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The data shows the mean maximum lung volume at each age.
(i) Which of the following would improve the reliability of these mean values?
(1)
A using a larger range of ages
B measuring more people at each age
C measuring lung volume in cm3
D measuring lung volumes in other mammals

(ii) Variation in maximum lung volume exists between males at each age.
Suggest two factors that could cause this variation.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q10.

The diagram shows a transverse section through a leaf.

(a) Explain how layer A is adapted for its role.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how layers B and C are adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Explain how layer D is able to regulate gas exchange.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Gardeners sometimes apply a spray called an anti-transpirant to plant leaves.

The spray is impermeable to water vapour but allows other gases to pass through.
Discuss whether an anti-transpirant spray will promote plant growth.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q11.

Plants use some of the biomass that they produce as a source of energy.

(a) Name the process that releases energy in plant cells.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The productivity of plants in different ecosystems can be compared by calculating their net primary
productivity.

Net primary productivity is the difference between the biomass produced and the biomass used.

The table shows the net primary productivity of different ecosystems in one year. This is measured in
grams of biomass produced by one square metre of ground.

A temperate ecosystem has no extremes of temperature.

(i) Describe a method that a scientist could use to determine the mean net primary productivity of
temperate grassland in a year.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Draw a bar chart to show the mean net primary productivity in g per m 2 for each ecosystem in one
year.
(5)

(iii) Comment on the differences between the mean net primary productivity in the ecosystems.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q12.

The diagram shows the human blood circulation system.

(a) (i) What is the name of the blood vessel labelled Z?

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Which labelled blood vessel contains blood with the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide?
(1)
A W
B X
C Y
D Z

(b) Give two differences in the structure of the blood vessel labelled V and the structure of the blood
vessel labelled Y.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) High blood pressure and the presence of certain genes are risk factors for coronary heart disease.
(i) Give two other risk factors for coronary heart disease.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Scientists compared the relationship between blood pressure and the number of deaths from
coronary heart disease in Northern Europe, Eastern Europe and Japan.
The graph shows their results.
A high blood pressure is considered to be above 130 arbitrary units.
Use the graph and your own knowledge to comment on the causes of death due to coronary heart
disease in each region.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q13.

A study investigates the effect of training on athletic performance.

In the study, the number of capillaries in the muscle tissue of a person is measured before and after a six-
week period of training.

(a) The table shows the results.

(i) Explain how training may affect the athletic performance of this person. Use information from the
table to support your answer.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give two ways in which the design of the study could be improved.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diameter of a capillary is 8.0 μm and the diameter of the aorta is 25.0 mm. 1000 μm = 1 mm.
(i) Calculate the ratio of the diameter of the aorta to the diameter of the capillary. Show your working
(2)

ratio = ...........................................................
(ii) Explain why the aorta has a thicker wall than the capillary.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q14.

The diagram shows the human circulation system with some blood vessels labelled A to J. The arrows
show the direction of blood flow.

(a) The table gives some statements about the content of blood vessels in this circulation system.
(i) Complete the table by giving the letter of the blood vessel that matches each statement.
(5)
(ii) State two ways in which the structure of blood vessel A differs from the structure of blood vessel J.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) Muscles in the legs contain capillaries.

A scientist investigates how long-term training affects the number of capillaries in an athlete's leg
muscles.
The scientist determines the mean number of capillaries per mm 2 in samples of leg muscle from the
athlete before and after a period of training.
The table shows the scientist's results.

The scientist concludes that training improves the athletic performance.

Discuss this conclusion.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q15.

The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Which type of cell does the diagram show?

(1)
A an animal
B a bacterium
C a fungus
D a plant

(ii) The statements below describe conditions required for some molecules to move into this cell.
1. a concentration gradient
2. use of ATP
Which of these statements is correct for the process for osmosis?
(1)
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2

(b) The diagram shows some of the apparatus used to investigate the rate of osmosis.

In the space below draw a labelled diagram to show how you would put this apparatus together to
investigate the rate of osmosis.
(4)

(c) The apparatus is used to find out the effect of different sucrose concentrations on the rate of osmosis.
The graph below shows the results.
Calculate, using information from the graph, the rate of osmosis in mm per minute that would occur for a
sucrose concentration of 2.5%. Show your working.
(2)

rate of osmosis = ........................................................... mm per minute

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q16.

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf.

(a) (i) Which layer contains palisade mesophyll cells?
(1)
A
B
C
D

(ii) Which set of environmental conditions would produce the fastest rate of transpiration from this
leaf?
(1)

(b) Scientists investigate the effect of changing carbon dioxide concentration on the density of stomata of
wheat plants.
They grow wheat plants from seed in different concentrations of carbon dioxide.
After three weeks, they take a leaf from each plant and calculate the mean density of stomata.
(i) State the independent variable in this investigation.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give two abiotic variables that the scientists could control.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(iii) To calculate the mean density of stomata, leaf sections are viewed with a microscope.
The number of stomata within six circular areas of the leaf are counted.
The results for one leaf are shown in the table.

The radius of each circular area is 0.40 mm.

area of circle = πr2
[π = 3.14]
Calculate the mean density of stomata on the leaf surface.
(3)

mean density = ........................................................... stomata per mm 2

(iv) The investigation shows that in increased carbon dioxide concentrations there is a lower mean
density of stomata.
The scientist concludes that in hot dry areas, with increased carbon dioxide concentrations, it would
be an advantage for wheat to have a lower mean density of stomata.
Discuss the scientist's conclusion.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q17.

Plants need light for photosynthesis.

(a) Give the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.

(2)

(b) The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in a water plant.
The rate of photosynthesis is measured by counting the number of bubbles of gas released per
minute.
The light intensity is decreased by moving a lamp further away from the water plant.
The light intensity is calculated as
= 1 ÷ (distance in cm of lamp from plant)2
(i) Using information from the graph, calculate the distance of the lamp from the plant when the rate of
photosynthesis is 78 bubbles per minute.
(2)

distance = ........................................................... cm
(ii) Describe the relationship between the number of bubbles per minute and light intensity.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain the rate of photosynthesis between a light intensity of 0.4 arbitrary units and a light
intensity of 0.8 arbitrary units.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q18.

The table shows data on crops grown and pesticide used in Norway in 2011.

(a) State what is meant by the term pesticide.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Determine which crop had the largest area sprayed with herbicide.
Show your working.
(2)

largest area = ........................................................... km 2

crop = ...........................................................

(c) Suggest why spring and winter wheat have different percentages of insecticide applied to them.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Discuss the different combinations of pesticides applied to fruit and cereal crops.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) Explain an alternative to insecticide that a farmer could use.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q19.

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf.

(a) The actual thickness of the leaf, from X to Y, is 1100 µm.

[1 mm = 1000 µm]
Determine the magnification of the diagram.
(3)

magnification = ...........................................................

(b) Describe the differences between layer B and layer C.

(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Explain how layers A and B are adapted for their function.
(5)
A ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

B ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q20.

The diagram shows part of a human nephron.

Which structure is the proximal convoluted tubule?
(1)
A
B
C
D

(b) The hollow space inside a blood vessel is called the lumen.
(i) The blood vessel labelled X has a lumen with a radius of 100 μm.
Use this formula to calculate the cross‑sectional area, in mm 2, of the lumen of this blood
vessel.
area of circle = π × (radius)2
[π = 3.14]
[1 mm = 1000 μm]
(2)

cross‑sectional area = ........................................................... mm2

(ii) The lumen of blood vessel X is wider than the lumen of blood vessel Y.
Explain why this difference in the width of the lumen of the two blood vessels is important for kidney
function.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Protein is often found in the urine of people who have high blood pressure.
Describe how urine could be tested for protein.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q21.

A study investigates the effect of training on athletic performance.

In the study, the number of capillaries in the muscle tissue of a person is measured before and after a six-
week period of training.

(a) The table shows the results.

(i) Explain how training may affect the athletic performance of this person.
Use information from the table to support your answer.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diameter of a capillary is 8.0 μm and the diameter of the aorta is 25.0 mm. 1000 μm = 1 mm
(i) Calculate the ratio of the diameter of the aorta to the diameter of the capillary.
Show your working.
(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q22.

Describe an experiment you could carry out to determine the effect of pH on the rate of digestion by
amylase.

Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q23.

(a) The table gives some information about enzymes in the human digestive system.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(4)
(b) Some scientists have investigated the effect of vinegar (a weak acid) on the digestion of starch.
Design an investigation to discover the effect of vinegar on the digestion of starch.
Include experimental details in your answer and write in full sentences.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q24.

The diagram shows part of the digestive system of a cow.

(a) Name the parts labelled P and Q.

(2)
P ..........................................................................................................................................

Q ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) The cow's stomach contains microorganisms that digest plant cell walls.
Suggest why these microorganisms are useful to a cow.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Farmers keep cows to produce milk.

Injecting cows with growth hormone (GH) will increase milk production.
This allows farmers to obtain the same volume of milk from fewer cows.
Digestion in cows releases methane gas into the atmosphere.
A scientist claims that injecting GH into cows would reduce climate change.
Comment on this claim.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q25.

Organisms can be classified into groups based on their features.

(a) State three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

(3)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

3 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Give an example of a disease caused by a protoctist.

(2)
name of protoctist
.............................................................................................................................................

name of disease

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q26.

The diagram shows a food chain from a lake.

(a) Name the primary consumer in this food chain.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The microscopic plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
(i) Describe the process that converts light energy into chemical energy.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give two reasons why some of the energy in the microscopic plants is not transferred to the small
fish.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The birds do not have teeth.

The fish they eat is initially crushed in part of their digestive system called a gizzard.
Suggest why crushing the fish in the gizzard helps the birds to digest the fish.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q27.

Two different areas, A and B, of a woodland habitat were studied.

This food chain in area A was observed.

(a) (i) Give the producer in this food chain.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the tertiary consumer in this food chain.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) A sample is taken from area A of the woodland.

Table 1 shows the number of individuals of each species recorded in area A.
(i) Draw a labelled pyramid of numbers for this data.
(3)

(ii) A sample is also taken from area B in the woodland.

Table 2 shows the number of individuals of each species recorded in each area.

A scientist concludes that, because area B is next to farmland, the differences in

species numbers are due to the farmer using a chemical to kill insects on his land.
Evaluate this claim.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q28.

The diagram shows part of a woodland food web.

(a) (i) Which organism is a primary consumer in this food web?
(1)
A aphid
B blackbird
C fox
D oak tree

(ii) Which of these describes the woodland community?

(1)
A all the abiotic and biotic factors in the area
B all the blackbirds in the area
C all the different species and the habitat
D all the different species in the area

(b) This is one food chain from the food web.

(i) A student counted 20 mice living around 4 oak trees. There were also 2 foxes in the area.
Draw a labelled pyramid of numbers for this food chain on the grid.
Your pyramid should be drawn to scale.
(3)

(ii) Photosynthesis results in 25 000 kJ of energy being transferred to the biomass of the oak trees
each year.
Only 8% of this energy is transferred to the biomass of the 20 mice each year.
Calculate the mean amount of energy transferred to the biomass of one mouse each year.
(2)
mean amount of energy = ........................................................... kJ
(iii) Explain why only 8% of the energy stored in the biomass of the oak trees is used by the mice for
growth.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q29.

This food web is from an ecosystem in Africa.

(a) (i) Which organism is a primary consumer?

(1)
A acacia
B lion
C star grass
D zebra

(ii) Which of these has the least efficient energy transfer?

(1)
A giraffe to cheetah
B star grass to baboon
C wildebeest to wild dog
D zebra to lion

(iii) Which organism will be least affected by a reduction in the population of star grass?
(1)
A baboon
B gazelle
C wildebeest
D zebra

(b) (i) Explain why only a small proportion of the energy contained within one trophic level is transferred
to the next trophic level.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe how a scientist could compare the population size of star grass in two areas of the
ecosystem.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Wild dogs hunt a variety of prey species. They usually eat the weak and sick animals.
Explain how this behaviour may benefit the species the dogs hunt.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q30.

(a) The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

(i) In which of these parts is hydrochloric acid produced?
(1)
A
B
C
D

(ii) In which of these parts are faeces stored?

(1)
A
B
C
D

(b) The liver produces bile.

Explain the role of bile in digestion.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(c) Some people have a condition called coeliac disease.
In this condition the body reacts to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat.
This reaction damages the villi in the small intestine.
The diagram shows how the villi in the small intestine are damaged.

(i) Explain how the undamaged villi are adapted for their function.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why children with untreated coeliac disease may grow more slowly and become tired more
easily than children without coeliac disease.
Use the information from the diagram and your own knowledge to support your answer.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q31.

The diagram shows part of the human urinary system.

(a) Name the structures labelled A and B.

(2)
A ....................................................................................................................................

B ...................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows a kidney nephron.

The table shows the relative concentrations of glucose and protein in the areas labelled X, Y and Z on
the diagram.

(i) Explain the difference between the concentration of protein in area X and the concentration of
protein in area Y.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain the difference between the concentration of glucose in area Y and the concentration of
glucose in area Z.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) When the body becomes dehydrated, the concentration of urine increases.
Explain the changes that occur in the body that lead to the production of concentrated urine.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q32.

An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has been invented.

E-cigarettes are held in the hand like normal cigarettes. Instead of burning tobacco, e-cigarettes heat a
liquid that contains nicotine and flavourings to produce a vapour that is inhaled.

Scientists carried out an investigation to see how the smoking habits of students changed between 2011
and 2016.

Each year they determined the percentage of students who used e-cigarettes and the percentage of
students who smoked normal cigarettes during the year.

The results are shown in the table.

(a) Plot a line graph to show how the percentage of students who used e-cigarettes and the percentage
of students who smoked normal cigarettes changed between 2011 and 2016.
Join the points with straight lines.
(6)
(b) Describe the changes in the percentages of students smoking cigarettes and using e-cigarettes
between 2011 and 2016.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The scientists interviewed 60 000 students each year during the period of the investigation.
Calculate the change in the number of students who were smoking normal cigarettes from 2011 to
2016.
(2)

number of students = ...........................................................

(d) Some people are promoting e-cigarettes as a healthier alternative to smoking normal cigarettes.
(i) Suggest why using e-cigarettes may be thought to be less harmful than smoking normal cigarettes.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest why many doctors are concerned about promoting the use of e-cigarettes to young
people.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 16 marks)

Q33.

In some countries, snails are farmed as a source of protein.

The photograph shows a snail.

(a) A scientist investigates the effect of temperature on the growth of snails.
The scientist measures the mean (average) shell height of groups of snails kept at three different
temperatures for 24 weeks.
The table shows the scientist's results.

(i) Plot a line graph to show how the mean shell height increases with time for each temperature.
Use a ruler to join the points with straight lines.
(5)

(ii) Explain the effect of temperature on the growth of snails in this investigation.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the dependent variable in the investigation.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iv) State how the scientist made sure their results were reliable.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Assimilation efficiency is the percentage of food that is eaten and not egested as faeces.
Assimilation efficiency is calculated using this formula.

(i) A snail eats 1.2 g of food and produces 0.30 g of faeces.

Calculate the assimilation efficiency of this snail.
(2)

assimilation efficiency = ........................................................... %

(ii) Explain why the assimilation efficiency of a primary consumer is less than the assimilation
efficiency of a secondary consumer.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The production efficiency of an animal is the percentage of assimilated food that is made into new
biomass.
The table shows the production efficiency of a mammal and a snail, both of which are primary
consumers.
Suggest why there is a difference in the production efficiency of the mammal and the snail.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 16 marks)

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Grade 10 Biology Final Exam Revision Sheet

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Grade 10 Biology Final Exam Revision Sheet

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Q7.

The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.

(a) (i) Explain how food passes down the oesophagus.

(iii) Describe the role of bile in digestion.

(b) Lipase inhibitors are chemicals that bind to lipase enzymes.

mean rate of pH change = ........................................................... per minute

• give three volunteers a tablet containing the lipase inhibitor

Discuss the use of the lipase inhibitor as a treatment for obesity.

(Total for question = 15 marks)

(ii) State what is meant by the term ecosystem.

The extinction of wolves damaged the ecosystem in these ways.

• the population of mice, hawks and beavers decreased

Discuss why the extinction of wolves damaged the ecosystem.

(c) In 1995, 14 wolves were reintroduced to this region.

percentage change = ........................................................... %

(Total for question = 13 marks)

(a) (i) Plot a bar graph to show this data.

increase = ........................................................... dm3

(Total for question = 12 marks)

The diagram shows a transverse section through a leaf.

(a) Explain how layer A is adapted for its role.

(c) Explain how layer D is able to regulate gas exchange.

(d) Gardeners sometimes apply a spray called an anti-transpirant to plant leaves.

(Total for question = 12 marks)

(a) Name the process that releases energy in plant cells.

A temperate ecosystem has no extremes of temperature.

(Total for question = 14 marks)

The diagram shows the human blood circulation system.

(a) (i) What is the name of the blood vessel labelled Z?

(Total for question = 10 marks)

A study investigates the effect of training on athletic performance.

(a) The table shows the results.

(b) Muscles in the legs contain capillaries.

The scientist concludes that training improves the athletic performance.

(Total for question = 12 marks)

The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Which type of cell does the diagram show?

rate of osmosis = ........................................................... mm per minute

(Total for question = 8 marks)

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf.

The radius of each circular area is 0.40 mm.

mean density = ........................................................... stomata per mm 2

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Plants need light for photosynthesis.

(a) Give the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.

(Total for question = 9 marks)

(a) State what is meant by the term pesticide.

largest area = ........................................................... km 2

(e) Explain an alternative to insecticide that a farmer could use.

(Total for question = 11 marks)

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf.

(a) The actual thickness of the leaf, from X to Y, is 1100 µm.

(b) Describe the differences between layer B and layer C.

(Total for question = 11 marks)

The diagram shows part of a human nephron.

cross&#8209;sectional area = ........................................................... mm2

(Total for question = 7 marks)

A study investigates the effect of training on athletic performance.

(a) The table shows the results.

(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

(Total for question = 10 marks)

The diagram shows part of the digestive system of a cow.

(a) Name the parts labelled P and Q.

(c) Farmers keep cows to produce milk.

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Organisms can be classified into groups based on their features.

(a) State three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

(b) Give an example of a disease caused by a protoctist.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

The diagram shows a food chain from a lake.

(a) Name the primary consumer in this food chain.

(c) The birds do not have teeth.

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Two different areas, A and B, of a woodland habitat were studied.

(a) (i) Give the producer in this food chain.

cross‑sectional area = ........................................................... mm2