NLP QUESTION BANK

SECTION A
1. Which module is used for regular expressions in Python?
a. regular
b. r
c. re
d. None of these
2. Which tool analyses the pattern of human language for the prediction of words.
a. Grammar based model
b. N-grams model
c. Language model
d. None of these
3. What is referred to as the automatic assignment of description to the token?
a. Tokenization
b. POS tagging
c. Tagging
d. None of these
4. What is the name given to the specific words which are not part of chunks in Shallow
Parsing?
a. Non-chunk
b. Chinks
c. Chunks
d. Non-chink
5. How many conventional approaches to WSD are proposed?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
6. Which algorithm is used to handle structural ambiguity?
a. CFG
b. Probabilistic CFG
c. CYK
d. CNF
7. What is space complexity of CYK algorithm?
a. O(n)
b. O(n2)
c. O(n3)
d. None of these
8. What is time complexity of CYK algorithm?
a. O(n)
b. O(n2)
c. O(n3)
 d. None of these
9. What is the process by which meaningful representations are created and assigned to
linguistic inputs?
a. Syntactic Parsing
b. Sematic Parsing
c. Lexical Parsing
d. None of these
10. _________ is a flexible and computationally tractable meaning representation of a
language.
a. Tree
b. Structure
c. FOL
d. Inference
11. Which rule states that if LHS of an implication rule is true, then the RHS of rule can be
inferred?
a. Modus Tollens
b. Modus Ponens
c. Absorption
d. Simplification
12. Dictionaries give textual information definition for each word sense. It is referred to as
____________.
a. Tokens
b. Signature
c. Gloss
d. Context
13. Which technique is used to distinguish two senses by conjoining two uses of a word in a
single sentence?
a. Zeugma
b. Syllepis
c. Chiasmus
d. None of these
14. What will be Hyponym for Color?
a. Chair
b. Leg
c. Blue
d. Color
15. Which is the correct example of Meronym and Holonym?
a. Car and vehicle
b. Dog and animal
c. Bark and tree
d. Rise and fall
16. Which is not an example of Metonymy?
a. Pen
 b. Sword
c. Crown
d. Pencil
17. Which is not a characteristic of thematic roles?
a. Independence
b. Completeness
c. Repeatability
d. Distinctness
18. The below sentence shows which one of the theta roles?
He went upstairs.
a. Agent
b. Experiencer
c. Source
d. Goal
19. Consider the sentence – He came at ten o’clock. Which thematic role is shown in this
sentence?
a. Theme
b. Goal
c. Source
d. Location
20. State true or false
Selectional restrictions are associated with senses and not with entire lexemes.
21. ____________ are the spelling rules used to model the changes that occur in a word.
a. Morphotactics
b. Orthographics
c. FSM
d. Syntactic rules
22. Sounds made with vocal cords together and vibrating are called
a. Voiced sounds
b. Unvoiced sounds
c. Nasals
d. None of these
23. Sounds that are produced by pressing the back of the tongue up against the movable muscular
flap at the very back of the roof of the mouth are called
a. Labial
b. Alveolar
c. Velar
d. Palatal
24. Another name of stops is _______
a. Sibilant
b. Plosives
c. Diphthong
d. Flaps
 25. ___________ is the sound made by combining two vowels.
a. Sibilant
b. Plosives
c. Diphthong
d. Flaps
26. The task of automatically breaking up a word into syllables is called ____________
a. Phonotactics
b. Acoustics
c. Syllabification
d. Spectrum
27. Another name of log-spectral distance method is
a. Spectral distance
b. Root mean square log-spectral distance
c. Cepstral distance
d. None of these
28. The frequency at which the vocal cords vibrate during a voiced sound is known as
a. Fundamental frequency
b. Base frequency
c. Frequency estimate
d. None of these
29. Temporal features in speech analysis are ________ domain features.
a. Time
b. Frequency
c. Spatial
d. Speech
30. Speech recognition system may be broken down into ________ number of stages.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

SECTION B
1. Explain BPE algorithm.
2. Discuss inflection and derivation in relation with morphology.
3. How do you define a language model in NLP? Explain the working of Grammar based
language model?
4. How inflectional morphology differs from derivational morphology?
5. Give an FSA for English nominal inflection for Noun and Verb.
6. How would you support the following statement – FST as a recognizer, generator,
transducer and relator?
7. What are different ways to evaluate n-grams?
8. What is the difference between Laplace Smoothing and Add-k smoothing.
 9. Describe Transformation-based learning tagging approach with its pros and cons.
10. Write a note on HMM.
11. Explain Signature in Corpus Lesk Algorithm?
12. What is Tokenization? Discuss its limitations also.
13. Give the formal definition of Probabilistic CFG.
14. Explain Zeugma with an example.
15. What are Selectional Restrictions? Explain with an example.
16. Check whether the string ‘bbb’ is valid member of below CFG.
S -> AB
A -> BB/a
B -> AB/b
17. How Sentence level constructions become a part of grammar rules for English?
18. What are the different word classes that appear before and after Head Noun?
19. Discuss Treebanks with examples.
20. How do you elaborate grammars based on dependency relation?
21. What is structural ambiguity along with its types?
22. How will you explain Partial Parsing with a python code?
23. Give formal definition of Lexicalized Probabilistic CFG.
24. Explain Reentrant Structures along with unification of feature selection.
25. What is FOL? Explain basic elements of FOL.
26. Give examples to illustrate use of quantifiers and logical connectives in FOL.
27. What are Semantic roles? Give their characteristics also.
28. What are different types of theta roles. Give example of each.
29. What is WSD? Why is it considered hard?
30. Explain the terms - Phone, Phonetics and give classification of Phonetics.
31. Define following terms-
a. Types of Articulators
b. Place of articulation
c. Manner of articulation
32. In what classes consonants are classified depending on place of articulation?
33. How consonants are divided on the basis of manner of articulation?
34. Explain pitch and loudness of sound.
35. How Phones can be interpreted using waveforms?
36. Define filter bank with its pros and cons.
37. How fricatives differ from affricates and approximants?
38. What are speech analysis techniques along with its classification?
39. Explain how FIR is used in feature extraction methods in speech recognition systems?
40. How is Cepstral distance technique different from weighted cepstral?

SECTION C
1. Contrast rule-based POS tagging with Stochastic POS tagging.
2. Illustrate the different statistical language models used in NLP.
3. Explain different tokenization algorithms.
4. Explain Minimum Edit Distance algorithm in steps.
5. Discuss in depth several word classes.
6. What are different Tagging approaches.
7. What are word tokenization algorithms? Discuss its drawback and its solution for it?
8. Describe CYK algorithm in detail.
9. For the given grammar, check the acceptance of string w = ababa using CYK Algorithm-
S → AB | BC
A → BA | a
B → CC | b
C → AB | a
10. Draw two parse trees for the following sentence using given grammar.
I saw him with the binoculars
S → NP VP
VP → VP PP | VBD NP
NP → NP PP | DT NN
PP → P NP
NP → I | him
NN → binoculars
VBD → saw
P → with
DT → the
11. For the given grammar, check the acceptance of string w = I saw him with the binoculars
using CYK Algorithm-
S → NP VP
VP → VP PP | VBD NP
NP → NP PP | DT NN
PP → P NP
NP → I | him
NN → binoculars
VBD → saw
P → with
DT → the

12. For the given grammar, check the acceptance of string w = baaaa using Probabilistic
CYK Algorithm-

𝑆 → 𝑋𝑌 1.0
𝑋 → 𝑋𝐴 0.5
𝑋→𝑎 0.2
𝑋→𝑏 0.3
𝑌 → 𝐴𝑌 0.2
𝑌→𝑎 0.8
𝐴→𝑎 1.0
13. What are different grammar rules specified for English Language?
14. What are different applications related to treebanks. Explain treebank by giving an
example.
15. Discuss in detail WSD algorithms.
16. What are the different ways in which senses are related to each other?
17. What are Selectional Restrictions? How they become a part of a lexical entry? How can
we represent them?
18. Explain Dictionary and knowledge-based methods of WSD.
19. Contrast between Supervised and Unsupervised WSD algorithms.
20. Describe Articulatory phonetics in depth.
21. Explain spectrum and spectrogram using examples.
22. Which model is used to represent pulses produced by glottis?
23. Write a note on
a. STFT.
b. LPC methods
24. What is a filter bank and explain its working?
25. What are different Speech analysis techniques?
26. Discuss in detail different pattern comparison techniques used in speech analysis.