Patent Draft

on
Soil Testing and Crop Recommendation

Submitted as a part of course curriculum for

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science

Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar

2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Under the Supervision of

Anurag Mishra
Professor

KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad

Department of Computer Science
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
2023-2024
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our work and that, to the best of
our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been
accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or
other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has
been made in the text.

Signature of Students
Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar
2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118
Date: 29-Aug-2023

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Soil Testing and Crop Recommendation”
which is submitted by Sanjeev Kumar, Rahul Singh and Priyanshu Kumar in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department of Computer
Science of Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow is a record of the
candidates own work carried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodied in this
report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: 29-Aug-2023 Supervisor Signature

Anurag Mishra
(Professor)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the synopsis of the B.Tech Mini Project
undertaken during B.Tech. Third Year. We owe a special debt of gratitude to Anurag
Mishra (Professor), Department of Computer Science, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-
NCR, Ghaziabad, for his/her constant support and guidance throughout the course of our
work. Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of
inspiration for us. It is only his/her cognizant efforts that our endeavours have seen the
light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Ajay Kumar
Shrivastava, Head of the Department of Computer Science, KIET Group of Institutions,
Delhi- NCR, Ghaziabad, for his full support and assistance during the development of the
project. We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of
all the faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation
during the development of our project.
Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution to the
completion of the project.

Signature:
Date : 29-Aug-2023
Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar
2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118

INTRODUCTION
A soil test is a process by which elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) which are
present in the soil are measured for their "plant available" content within the sample. The
quantity of available nutrients in the sample determines the amount of fertilizer that is
recommended. A soil test also measures soil pH.

The soil is a vital natural resource which provides food to all living creatures in nature.
The soil is basis of life in nature. A good quality soil can produce large amount food.

The use fertilizer helps in increasing the production of food to meet the demand by the
whole world. As the population is increasing day by day the demand for the food is also
increasing. But land available for the cultivation and production of crop is limited. This
causes to utilize the full potential of land to produce food. And the fertilizer and
pesticides help in producing the food.

But due to use excessive or less use of fertilizer the nutrients in the soil for crop keeps
decreasing which eventually causes less production of food. To avoid this problem
correct measure of nutrients available and needed by the soil for a particular soil should
be done. Which helps crops to grow fast and healthy.

Crop also get affected by the disease which destroy the whole field. If right pesticides are
used at the right time by detecting the type of pest that affecting the crop, loss of crop can
be reduced.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the last few decades, it is observed that farmers are using fertilizer for the better
production of crop. Because fertilizer provides necessary nutrients for higher production
of crop. But it is also observed that farmer is using fertilizer in any quantity without
knowing the actual nutritional need of the soil and plant which is grown.

Because of this there are some farmers who is using more chemical fertilizer as needed
by a crop to grow. And there are some farmers who are using less fertilizer as needed by
a crop to grow. This unmeasured use of fertilizer affects the cost of production and
quantity of production, which ultimately affect the farmer and financial stability of
farmer.

The excessive use of fertilizer also affects the soil and degrades its nutritional value for
the crop. Some fertilizer which are excess in quantity also dissolve in water and causes
water pollution.

A major problem that farmers are facing now days is that the crop gets affected by some
disease and whole crop depraved by it. This loss of farmer can be minimized by the use
of correct pesticides if the cause of disease identified at time.
 OBJECTIVES

The main objective is to evaluate the fertility and nutrients status in the given soil and
provide a recommendation on the amount of manure and fertilizer based on soil test value
and according to crop.

To avoid excess use of fertilizer and to ensure environmental safety.

To test the soil timely, because each time when a crop a is harvested from the field, the
soil losses a considerable amount of nutrients and causes loss of fertility over a long time.

Increasing the production of crop and profitability of farmer by providing necessary

nutrients to the crop.

By the effective and efficient use of fertilizer and pesticides, the soil and water pollution
can be reduced which eventually leads to cleaner environment.

Reduce the losses of crop due to crop disease.

 METHODOLOGY
The type of fertilizer and amount needed by a particular crop is predicted using Machine
Learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network
(ANN), Random Forest (RF), Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), and K-Nearest
Neighbor (KNN) at the right time when it is required.

Using image recognition (CNN) technique, to find the disease in the plant and
recommend possible solution of the disease which help to increase the production of the
crop.
 SCOPE

1. IoT Sensor Integration and Data Collection: This scope involves selecting,
integrating, and deploying IoT devices with accurate sensors for measuring NPK
values in the soil. The focus is on establishing a reliable data collection system
that feeds real-time data to the analysis platform.

2. AI-driven Data Analysis and Insights: Developing advanced AI algorithms to

process and analyze the collected soil nutrient data is essential. This scope
includes creating models that can accurately interpret the data, detect nutrient
imbalances, and generate actionable insights for farmers.

3. Real-time Alert Generation and User Interface: Building an intuitive and user-
friendly interface is crucial for farmers to access real-time NPK data and receive
alerts when nutrient imbalances are detected. This scope includes designing an
interface that presents data visually and provides actionable recommendations.

4. Testing and Validation in Real Conditions: Rigorous testing of the entire

system in real agricultural settings is vital to ensure accuracy and reliability. This
scope involves both laboratory and field testing to validate the effectiveness of the
IoT devices, sensors, AI algorithms, and the overall solution.

5. Scalability and Sustainable Implementation: Considerations for scalability are

important to ensure the project can be expanded to accommodate a larger number
of users and fields. Additionally, integrating sustainability principles, such as
minimizing environmental impact and supporting long-term soil health, should be
part of the scope.
 CLAIM

Claim 1: Enhanced Soil Nutrient Analysis through AI and IoT Integration

This project harnesses the power of AI and IoT devices to provide accurate and real-time
analysis of essential soil nutrients—Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)—in
agricultural fields. By seamlessly integrating advanced sensors and data analytics, we
empower farmers with precise insights, leading to optimal nutrient management decisions
and improved crop yields.

Claim 2: Real-time Monitoring and Alerts for Optimal Nutrient Balance

With our AI-based solution, farmers can monitor the NPK values of their soil in real
time. The system analyzes data from IoT devices installed in the fields, instantly
assessing nutrient levels and generating alerts when imbalances or deficiencies are
detected. This proactive approach allows farmers to take immediate corrective actions,
preventing crop health issues and optimizing fertilization strategies.

Claim 3: Data-Driven Decision Making for Sustainable Agriculture

This project revolutionizes agriculture by enabling data-driven decision-making. By
continuously collecting and analyzing soil nutrient data through IoT devices, farmers gain
valuable insights into the changing nutritional needs of their crops. This informed
approach minimizes overuse of fertilizers, reduces environmental impact, and promotes
sustainable farming practices, ultimately contributing to long-term soil health and
productivity.

Claim 4: Accessibility and User-Friendly Interface for Farmers

It prioritizes accessibility and ease of use in our AI-based solution. The interface is
designed to be user-friendly, allowing farmers, even those without technical expertise, to
effortlessly navigate and interpret the collected data. Our project bridges the gap between
cutting-edge technology and practical implementation, empowering farmers to harness AI
and IoT for precision agriculture without any barriers.
 CONCLUSION
The food demand of the world can be meet by effective use of the available resources.
The use fertilizer of right type, in right amount and at the right time can help to full the
food demand of the world in an effective manner and without harming our environment
such as soil and water pollution. This leads to a clean environment.

Crop production can also be increased by the right use pesticides at the right time in right
quantity, which save crop from any disease.

In conclusion, this AI-based project integrating IoT devices for soil nutrient analysis
represents a significant step forward in modern agriculture. By leveraging advanced
technology to monitor and analyze Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)
values in real time, we empower farmers with accurate insights into their soil's nutritional
status. This information, delivered through a user-friendly interface, supports data-driven
decision-making and enables precise fertilization strategies.

The project's proactive approach, generating alerts for nutrient imbalances, not only
ensures healthier crops but also contributes to sustainable farming practices. By
minimizing overuse of fertilizers and reducing environmental impact, we promote the
long-term health of both soil and crops. This initiative represents a pivotal shift towards
smarter, more efficient agriculture, where technology meets practicality to address the
challenges of feeding a growing global population while preserving our planet's
resources.

As we move forward, this project's success will inspire further innovations at the
intersection of AI, IoT, and agriculture. Through continued collaboration between
technology experts, agronomists, and farmers, we can refine and expand upon this
foundation, creating a more resilient and productive agricultural sector. Ultimately, our
project's legacy will be defined by its contribution to sustainable food production,
environmental stewardship, and the empowerment of farmers worldwide.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
No.
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................... i

DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. ii

CERTIFICATE …........................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. iv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-4

1.1. Introduction ……………………................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statement .……………………....................................... 2

1.2. Objective………………………………………………………… 3

1.3. Scope…………………………………………………………….. 4

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY …………………………………........ 5

3.1 Flowchart
CHAPTER 4 CLAIMS ………..………………………..…………………………… 6

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION …....................................................................................... 7