Contents

Chapter 8.1
Chapter 8.2
Pop Quiz 8A
Pop Quiz 8B

Chapter 9.1
Chapter 9.2
Pop Quiz 9A
Pop Quiz 9B

Chapter 10.1
Chapter 10.2
Chapter 10.3
Pop Quiz 10

Progress Tracker 3

Chapter 11.1
Chapter 11.2
Chapter 11.3
Pop Quiz 11

Chapter 12.1
Chapter 12.2
Chapter 12.3
Pop Quiz 12A
Pop Quiz 12B

Chapter 13.1
Chapter 13.2
Pop Quiz 13A
Pop Quiz 13B

Progress Tracker 4
Chapter 8.1
2 2 2
1a) x =5 +12
2
x =25+144=169
x=√ 169=13
2 2 2
1b) 10 =6 + x
2
100=36+
2
x
x =100−36=64
x=√ 64=8
2 2 2
1c) y 2=8 +15
y =64 +225=289
y= √ 289=17
2 2 2
1d) 2.9 =2.1 + y
2 2 2
y =2.9 −2.1 =8.41−4.41=4
x=√ 4=2
2 2 2
2) X Z 2=X Y2 + Y2Z
X Z 2=28 +45
X Z =784+2025=2809
XZ= √ 2809=53 cm
3a) AC
2 2 2
3b) A C2 =A B2 + B C
2
101 = A B +99
2 2 2
A B =101 −99 =10201−9801=400
AB=√ 400=20 cm
2 2
4a) A B 2=35 =1225
2
A C2 +C B2
¿ 28 +21
¿ 784+ 441
¿ 1225
Since A B2= A C 2+C B2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ACB=90 ° and ∆ ABC is a
right-angled triangle.
2 2
4b) D E =2.4 =5.76
2 2
D F 2+ F2E
¿ 1.5 +2
¿ 2.25+ 4
¿ 6.25
Since D E2 ≠ D F 2+ F E 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ DFE ≠ 90 ° and ∆ DFE is
not a right-angled triangle.
2 2
4c) G H2 =66 =4356
2
GK + K H
2 2
¿ 33 +56
¿ 1089+3136
¿ 4225
Since GH 2 ≠ GK 2+ KH 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ GKH ≠ 90 ° and ∆ GKH is
not a right-angled triangle.

2
4d) XZ 2=( √ 8 ) =8
2 2
X Y +Y Z
2 2
¿ ( √ 4 ) +( √ 4 )
¿ 4 +4
¿8
Since X Z 2=XY 2 +YZ 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ XYZ=90 ° and ∆ XYZ is a
right-angled triangle.
 2 2
5a) C A2 =61 2=3721
A B2 + BC2
¿ 11 +60
¿ 121+3600
¿ 3721
Since CA 2= A B2 + BC 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ABC=90 ° and ∆ ABC is a
right-angled triangle. The hypotenuse is CA.
2 2
5b) R P =45 =2025
2 2
P Q2+ Q R2
¿ 33 +27
¿ 1089+729
¿ 1818
Since R P2 ≠ PQ 2+ Q R 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ PQR ≠ 90 ° and ∆ PQR is
not a right-angled triangle.

6a) In ∆ ADB ,
2 2 2
A B = A D +D B
2 2 2
17 =A
2
D 2+ 8 2
A D =17 −8 =289−64=225
AD=√ 225=15 cm
6b) In ∆ ADC ,
2 2 2
A C =A D + CD
2 2 2
39 =15
2
+CD
2 2
C D =39 −15 =1521−225=1296
CD=√ 1296=36 cm
7a) In ∆ QXP ,
2 2 2
QP =Q X + P X
2 2 2
13 =Q
2
X 2+5 2
Q X =13 −5 =169−25=144
QX =√ 144=12 cm
7b) In ∆ YXZ ,
2
YZ
2 2
¿Y X +X 2
Z 2
¿ ( 8+12 ) +15
2 2
¿ 20 +15
¿ 400+ 225
¿ 625
YZ=√ 625=25 cm
8a) In ∆ ABC ,
2 2 2
A B = A C + BC
2 2 2
45 =2
A C2 +27 2
A C =45 −27 =2025−729=1296
AC= √ 1296=36 cm
8b) In ∆ ACD ,
2 2 2
A C =A D + C D
2 2 2
36 =24
2
+C
2
D2
C D =36 −24 =1296−576=720
CD=√ 720=26.8 cm (3 s.f.)
9a) In ∆ ABC ,
2 2 2
A C =A B + BC
2 2 2
10 =8
2
+B
2
C2
BC =10 −8 =100−64=36
BC= √ 36=6 cm
5 5
9b) BD= × BC = ×6=15 cm
2 2
 In ∆ ABD ,
2 2 2
A D2= A2 B +BD
2
A D =8 +15 =64+ 225=289
AD=√ 289=17 cm
9c) CD=BD−BC=15−6=9 cm
Area of∆ ACD
1
¿ ×CD ×8
12
¿ ×9 × 8=36 cm²
2
10a) In ∆ ABC ,
2 2 2
A C =A B + BC
( 4 x−3 )2=( x +3 )2 + ( 2 x+ 5 )2
16 x 2−24 x +9=( x 2+ 6 x+ 9 ) +(4 x 2 +20 x+25)
2 2
16 x 2−24 x2 +9=5 x +26 x +34
16 x2 −5 x −24 x−26 x +9−34=0
11 x −50 x−25=0
2
10b) 11 x −50 x−25=0
( 11 x +5 ) ( x−5 )=0
11 x +5=0 or x−5=0
−5
x= or x=5
11
We reject x=
∴ x=5
−5
11
as AC=4 x−3=4
−5
11 ( ) 9
−3=−4 is not possible, lengths must be positive.
11
AB=x +3=5+ 3=8 cm

11a) In ∆ QRS ,
2 2 2
Q S =QR + RS 2
( 8 x−7 ) =( 2 x−2 ) + (7 x )2
2

64 x 2−112 x + 49=( 4 x 2−8 x+ 4 ) +49 x 2

2 2
64 x 2−112 x2 + 49=53 x −8 x+ 4
64 x −53 x −112 x +8 x+ 49−4=0
2
11 x −104 x +45=0
2
11b) 11 x −104 x +45=0
( 11 x−5 ) ( x−9 )=0
11 x−5=0 or x−9=0
5
x= or x=9
11
We reject x=
∴ x=9
5
11
as QR=2 x−2=2 ( )
5
11
1
−2=−1 is not possible, lengths must be positive.
11
Area of PQRS
¿ 7 x ×(2 x−2)
¿ 7 ( 9 ) ×(2 ( 9 )−2)
¿ 63 ×16
¿ 1008 cm²

12a) In ∆ WZT ,
2 2 2
W Z =W T + Z T
2 2 2
13 =12
2
+
2
ZT 2
Z T =13 −12 =169−144=25
ZT= √ 25=5 cm
In ∆ WYT ,
2 2 2
WY =W T +Y T
2 2 2
37 =12
2
+Y
2
T2
Y T =37 −12 =1369−144=1225
YT =√ 1225=35 cm
∴ YZ=YT + ZT =35+5=40 cm
12b) Area of WXYZ=YZ ×WT =40 ×12=480 cm²
Perimeter of WXYZ=2 ( 13+ 40 )=2 ( 53 )=106 cm
2 2
13a) A C 2=28 =784
2
A D +D C
2 2
¿ 20 +21
¿ 400+ 441
¿ 841
Since A C 2 ≠ A D2+ DC 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ADC ≠ 90 ° and ∆ ADC is
not a right-angled triangle. Thus, ABCD is not a rectangle.

13b) For ABCD to be a rectangle, ∆ ADC must be a right-angled triangle.

2
A C =841
AC= √ 841=29 cm
14) In ∆ PQR ,
2 2 2
P R =( 20+ 8 ) =28 =784
2 2 2 2
P Q + Q R2 =25 2+17 =627 +289=916
Since P R ≠ P Q + Q R 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ PQR ≠ 90 ° and ∆ PQR is
not a right-angled triangle.

In ∆ PQS ,
2 2
P Q =25 =625
2 2 2 2
P S + Q S 2=20 +15 =400+225=625
Since P Q =P S + Q S2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ PSQ=90 ° and ∆ PSQ is a
2

right-angled triangle.

In ∆ RQS ,
2 2
Q R =17 =289
2 2 2 2
Q S + S R2 =15 2+8 =225 +64=289
Since QR =Q S +S R 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ RSQ=90 ° and ∆ RSQ is a
right-angled triangle.

15) In ∆ AZY ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
A Y = A Z + Z Y =x +5 =x +25
In ∆ AWB ,
2 2 2
A B2= A W2 +W2 B
A B 2= A Y 2=x +25(2∆ ABY isan
2
equilateral triangle)
A W +W B =( 5−x ) + ( 5−x )
2 2
x + 25=2( 25−10 x + x )
2 2
x +2 25=50−20
2
x+ 2 x
2 2x −x −20 x+50−25=0
x −20 x+ 25=0
16a) ( x + y ) ( x − y )=x 2− y 2
2 2
x − y =24 ( 6 )=144
2 2
z =12 =1442
∴2 x −2 y 2=z
2
2
x = y +z
By the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∆ XYZ has a right angle and is thus a right-angled
triangle.

16b) The hypotenuse is x as it is the longest side of the right-angled ∆ XYZ .

Chapter 8.2
1) Let x be the distance between the final position of the toy car and Jayden.
2 2 2
x 2=32 +67
x =1024+ 4489=5513
x=√ 5513=74.2 m (3 s.f.)
2a) Difference in height ¿ 340−285=55 m
2b) Let y be the distance between the highest points of the two buildings.
2 2 2
y =460 +55
2
y =211600 +3025=214625
y= √ 214625=463 m (3 s.f.)
3a) Let z be the length of the ladder.
2 2 2
z 2=4.5 + 6
z =20.25+36=56.25
z=√ 56.25=7.5 m
3b) Let w be the2new distance O Y ' .
2 2
z =w +
56.25=w
6
22
+9
()
2
w =56.25−9=47.25
w=√ 47.25=6.87 m (3 s.f.)
4a) In ∆ ABF ,
2 2 2
F B =A B +A F
2 2 2
F B =14 + 7 =196+ 49=245
In ∆ DFE ,
2 2 2
F E 2=F2 D +2
DE
F E =5 +5 =25+25=50
In ∆ BCE ,
2 2 2
E B2=BC2 + 2E C
E B =12 +9 =144 +81=225
4b) The longest side of ∆ FEB is FB , so we check if ∆ FEB satisfies Pythagoras’ Theorem with FB
as the hypotenuse.
2
F B =245
2 2
F E + E B2 =50+ 225=275
Since FB ≠ F E 2+ E B2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ FEB ≠ 90 ° and ∆ FEB is not
a right-angled triangle.

4c) Area of FEB

1 1 1
¿ ( 14 × 12 )− ( 14 ×7 )− ( 5 ×5 )− (9 ×12)
2 2 2
¿ 168−49−12.5−54
¿ 52.5 cm²

5a) 66=2(PQ +QR)

PQ +20=66 ÷ 2=33
PQ=13 cm

5bi) In ∆ OQR ,
2 2 2
QR 2
=O Q
2
+ O2 R
20 =O2
Q2 +16 2
O Q =20 −16 =400−256=144
OQ=√ 144=12
In ∆ OQP ,
2 2 2
PQ2
=O Q +O2P
13 =144
2
+O P
O P =169−144=25
OP=√ 25=5 cm
5bii) Area of PQRS
1
¿ (PR)(QS)
21
¿ (5+ 16)(2× 12)
2
 1
¿ (21)(24)
2
¿ 252 cm²

6a) Area of ABCD

1
¿ × AC × BD
21
¿ ×18 ×24
2
¿ 216 cm²

6b) In ∆ AOD ,
2 2 2
A D = A O +OD
1 1
AO= × AC= × 18=9 cm
21 21
OD= × BD= ×24=12 cm
2
2 2 2
2
A D =9 +12 =81+144=225
AD=√ 225=15 cm
Since the sides of a rhombus are equal, then,
Perimeter of ABCD=4 × AD=4 ×15=60 cm

7a) AC= √ 144=12 cm

AB=√ 225=15 cm
CB= √ 81=9
2
A B 2=2252
A C +C B =144+81=225
Since A B2= A C 2+C B2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ABC=90 ° and ∆ ABC is a
right-angled triangle.
1 1
7b) Area of ABC= × AC ×CB = ×12× 9=54 cm²
2 2
7c) Let the shortest distance from C to AB be x .
1
54= × AB× x
2
108=15 x
108
x= =7.2 cm
15
2 2
8a) A B 2=34 =1156
2 2 2
A D +B D2 =30 2+ 16 =900+ 256=1156
Since A B = A D +BD 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ADB=90 °.

8b) Since ∠ ADB is a right angle, then ∠ CDB also is a right angle and ∆ BCD is a right-angled
triangle.
1
96= ×CD × DB
2
192=CD ×16
192
CD= =12 cm
2
16 2 2 2 2
BC =C D + B D =12 +16 =144+256=400
BC= √ 400=20 cm
Let the shortest distance from D to CB be x .
1
96= × BC × x
2
192=20 x
192
x= =9.6 cm
20
2 2 2
9a) 1062 = A D2 + x2 - - - (1)
43 = A D + y - - - (2)
Subtracting (2) from ( 1 ) :
 2 2 2 2
106
2
−43
2
=x − y
x − y =11236−1849=9387
9b) Given CB=149 ⇒ x + y=149
2 2
x − y =( x + y ) ( x− y )=9387
149 ( x− y )=9387
x− y =63
2 2 2
10a) A D = A E +E D
2 2 2
10 =3
2
+E
2
D2
E D =10 −3 =100−9=91
ED= √ 91=9.539 cm (3 d.p.)
10b) AX=ED=9.539 cm , EA=DX =3 cm
XC =DC −DX =12−3=9 cm
2 2 2
A C 2=A X +2 X C
A C =91+9 =91+81=172
AC= √ 172=13.1 cm (3 s.f.)
11) Let x be the length of BC .
2 2 2
25 = A B + x - - - (1)
2 2 2
39 = A B + ( x +16 )
2 2 2
39 = A B + x + 32 x +256 - - -(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2):
2 2
39 −25 =32
2
x2 +256
32 x=39 −25 −256=1521−625−256=640
x=20 m
2 2 2 2 2
12) A C =A D + DC =9 + 9 =81+81=162
AC= √ 162=9 √ 2 cm
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A H = A D + D H =9 + ( 9+ 3 ) =9 +12 =81+ 144=225
AH =√ 225=15 cm
Since the shortest distance between point C and line AH is the perpendicular distance, then
∠ AKC=∠ HKC=90° .
Let K H = x cm, A K = (15−x) cm
In ∆ A KC ,
2 2 2
A C =A K + C K 2
162=(15−x ) ²+C K - - - (1)
In ∆ HKC ,
2
9=x ²+ C K - - - (2)
( 1 )− (2 ) ,
2
153=( 15−x ) −x ²
153=225−30 x
72=30 x
x=2.4
∴ KH =2. 4 cm
13a) AD+ 12+5+ x=2 x +12
AD=2 x+12−12−5−x=( x−5 ) m

13b) AD=BE=x−5
EC =DC−DE=12−x
In ∆ BEC ,
2 2 2
BC 2
=B E2 + E C 2
5 = ( x−5 ) + ( 12−x )
25=( x 2−10 x+25 ) +(144−24 x+ x 2 )
2
2 x −34 x+ 169=25
2
2 x −34 x+ 144=0
( 2 x−18 ) ( x−8 )=0
 2 x−18=0 or x−8=0
x=9 or x=8
∴ the possible values of x are 8 and 9.
14ai) PQ=radius of Q+radius of P=( 2 x +3 ) + ( 2 x−2 )= ( 4 x +1 ) cm

14aii) PS=radius of largest semicircle−radius of P̊

¿ 2 ( 2 x +3 ) −(2 x−2)
¿ 4 x+6−2 x+ 2
¿ 2 x+ 8
2 2 2
14b) P Q =P S + Q S
( 4 x+1 )2 =( 2 x +8 )2+ ( 2 x +3 )2
16 x 2+ 8 x+1=( 4 x 2 +32 x+ 64 ) +(4 x2 +12 x+ 9)
2 2 2
16 x −4 x −4 x +8 x−32 x−12 x +1−64−9=0
2
8 x 2−36 x−72=0
2 x −9 x−18=0
2
14c) 2 x −9 x−18=0
( x−6 )( 2 x+ 3 )=0
x−6=0 or 2 x+3=0
−3
x=6 or x= =−1.5
2
We reject x=−1.5 as QS=2 x +3=2 (−1.5 )+3=0 , and lengths must be positive.
∴ x=6
Radius of P=2 ( 6 )−2=12−2=10
Area of circle P=π ( 10 )2=100 π
Radius of Q=2 ( 6 )+ 3=12+3=15
Area of Q+ R=π ( 15 )2 =225 π
Area of shaded region¿ 100 π +225 π =325 π =1020 cm² (3 s.f.)

Pop Quiz 8A
2 2 2
1a) A B = A C +C B
( 2 x−2 )2=x 2 +82
2 2
4 x 2−82x+ 4=x + 64
4 x −x −8 x+ 4−64=0
2
3 x −8 x−60=0
2
1b) 3 x −8 x−60=0
( x−6 )( 3 x +10 )=0
x−6=0 or 3 x+ 10=0
−10 1
x=6 or x= =−3
3 1 3 1
We reject x=−3 as AC=x =−3 , and lengths must be positive.
3 3
∴ x=6
1 1
1c) Area of ABC= ( 6 )( 8 )= ( 48 )=24 cm²
2 2
2a) Let x be the length of the side of the square.
Diagonal of the square = diameter of circle = 36 cm
2 2 2
36 2=x +2 x
2 2x =36 =1296
x =648
x=√ 648=25.5 cm (3 s.f.)
2b) Area of shaded region
= area of circle – area of square
2 2
¿ π (18 ) −x
¿ 324 π−648
¿ 370 cm² (3 s.f.)
Pop Quiz 8B
2 2
1a) A B =10 =100
2 2 2 2
A D +B D =6 +8 =36 +64=100
Since A B2= A D2 +B D 2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ ADB=90 °.
1
1b) 84= (BD )(AC )
2
168=8( AC )
AC=168 ÷ 8=21 cm
DC= AC − AD=21−6=15 cm
2 2 2
BC =B D + DC
2 2 2
BC =8 +15 =64+ 225=289
BC= √ 289=17 cm
2 2 2
2a) A F2 =A B 2+ B F 2 2 2 2
A B = A F −B F =15 −x =225−x
2b) In ∆ CTF ,
CT =20−x
CF=AB
2 2 2
T F2 =C F +2C T 2
18 =225−x + ( 20−x )
2 2
324=225−x + 400−40 x+ x
40 x=301
x=7.525
2 2
2c) A B =225−7.525 =168.374
AB=√ 168.374=13.0 m (3 s.f.)
Chapter 9.1
1a) sin ( 72 ° )=0.9511

1b) cos (77 ° ) +sin ( 78 ° )=1.203

1c) 4 tan ( 56 ° )−2 sin ( 13 ° )=5.480

7
1d) =9.419
cos ( 42 ° )
2a)
8
sin θ
17
15
cos θ
17
8
tanθ
15
2b)
21 3
sin θ =
35 5
28 4
cos θ =
35 5
21 3
tanθ =
28 4

2c)
24
sin θ
25
 7
cos θ
25
24
tanθ
7
2d)
5
sin θ
√550
cos θ
5√
50
tanθ =1
5
3a) x=2 sin ( 30 ° )=1
3
3b) x= =1.73 (3 s.f.)
tan ( 60 ° )
x
4a) sin ( 30 ° )=
16
x=16 sin ( 30 ° )=8
x
4b) cos (30 ° )=
20
x=20 cos (30 ° )=17.3 (3 s.f.)
16
4c) tan ( 44 ° )=
16 x
x= =16.6 (3 s.f.)
tan ( 44 ° )
x
4d) tan (70 ° )=
12
x=12 tan ( 70 ° )=33.0 (3 s.f.)
−1
5a) θ=sin ( 0.84 )=57.1°

5b) ( 23 )=33.7 °
θ=tan−1

θ=cos ( )=60 °
2
−1
5c)
4

5d) θ=sin
( √12 )=45 °
−1

8
6a) sin θ=
16 8
θ=sin−1 ( )
16
=30 °

7
6b) cos θ=
13 7
θ=cos−1 ( )
13
=57.4 °

12
6c) tanθ=
10 12
θ=tan −1 ( )
10
=50.2 °

13
6d) sin θ=
20 13

7a)
θ=sin−1
sin ( 27 ° )=
( )
20y
=40.5 °

16
y=16 sin (27 ° ) =7.26 (3 s.f.)
x
cos (27 ° ) =
16
 x=16 cos ( 27° )=14.3 (3 s.f.)

7b) ∠ DFE=180−90−72=18 ° (∠ ∑ of ∆ ¿
y
tan (18 ° )=
9
y=9 tan ( 18 ° )=2.92 (3 s.f.)
9
cos ⁡(18 ° )=
x
9
x= =9.46 (3 s.f.)
cos ( 18 ° )
2 2 2
8a) A C =A D + C D
2 2 2 2 2
x = A C −C D =26 −24 =100
x=√ 100=10 cm
x 10
sin θ= =
AB 1015.5
θ=sin−1 ( )
15.5
=40.2 °

2 2 2
8b) E F 2=E G2 +G2F
G F =35 −21 =784
GF =√ 784=28
x=GF −HF=28−20=8 cm
x 8
tanθ= =
21 8 21
θ=tan−1 ( )
21
=20.9 °

8c) ∆ IKL and ∆ IJL are congruent, hence KL=LJ =¿ 9 cm.

2 2 2
I 2J =I 2L + L J2 2 2
x =I J − L J =15 −9 =144
x=√ 144=12 cm
x 12
sin θ= =
IK 12 15
θ=sin−1 ( )
15
=53.1°

x x
8d) sin ( 73 ° )= =
MP 13
x=13 sin ( 73 ° )=12.4 cm (3 s.f.)
x 12.43
cos θ= =
MN12.4323
θ=cos−1 (23 )
=57.3 °

AC 8
9a) sin θ= =
16 8AB 17
=
AB 16 17
AB= × 17=2 ×17=34 cm
8
2 2 2
9bi) A B2 = A2 C +C2 B
34 =16 +C B
2 2 2
C B =34 −16 =900
CB= √ 900=30 cm
CB 30 15
9bii) cos θ= = =
AB 34 17
12
10a) tan (54 ° )=
12BD
BD= =8.72 cm (3 s.f.)
tan ( 54 ° )
 12
10b) tan (30 ° )=
12BC
BC= =20.8 cm (3 s.f.)
tan (30 ° )
10c) CD=BC −BD=20.78−8.719=12.1 cm (3 s.f.)
BD
11a) sin ( 58 ° )=
42
BD=42 sin ( 58 ° )=35.6 cm (3 s.f.)
BD
11b) tan ( 46 ° )=
AB
35.6
AB= =34.4 cm (3 s.f.)
tan ( 46 ° )

11c) Let x be the shortest distance from B to AD.

2 2 2 2 2
A D = A B +B D =34.4 +35.62 =2452.1
AD=√ 2452.1=49.52cm
1 1
Areaof ∆ ABD= ( AB )( BD )= ( 34.4 )( 35.62 ) =612.7
1 2 2
612.7= ( x )(AD )
2 )
2 ( 612.7
x= =24.7 cm (3 s.f.)
49.52
TS
12a) sin ( 68 ° )=
11
TS=11sin ( 68 ° )=10.2 cm (3 s.f.)

12b) ∠ PST =180−90−68=22° (∠ ∑ of ∆ ¿

∠ QSR=180−22−90=68 ° (supplementary ∠ s)
SR SR
12c) cos (68 ° ) = =
QS 6
SR=6 cos ( 68 ° )=2.248
TR=TS+ SR=10.2+2.248=12.4 cm (3 s.f.)

13a) Let x be the shortest distance between AB and CD.

x
sin ( 70 ° )= x=7 sin ( 70 ° )=6.58 cm (3 s.f.)
7
13b) Let the shortest point from D and C to AB be E and F respectively.
6.5778
tan (7 0° ) =
DE
DE = 2.3941

6.5778
tan (63 ° ) =
CF
CF = 3.3516

CD=20−2.3941−3.3516
= 14.3 cm (3 s.f.)

9
14) sin ( 30 ° )=
9 BC
BC= =18 cm
2
sin ( 30
2
° ) 2
A B2= A C2 +C2 B
A B =24 +18 =900
AB=√ 900=30
 Perimeter of ABC=30+24 +18=72 cm
PS 16.5
15a) tan (∠ PRS )= =
SR 22
∠ PRS=tan −1 ( )
16.5
22
=36.9 °

15b) ∠ QRT =90°−∠ PRS=90−36.87=53.13°

QT QT
sin ( ∠ QRT )= =
QR 16.5
QT =16.5sin ( 53.13 ° )=13.2 cm

15c) ∠ RQT =180−90−53.13=36.87 °

∠ PQT =90−∠ RQT =90−36.87=53.1°

16a) Sum of interior angles of PQRS=( 4−2 ) ( 180 ° )=360 °

∠ QPS=360−90−120−90=60 °

16b) Consider the point T , which is the point where SR extended meets PQ extended.
∠ PTS=180−90−60=30° (∠ ∑ of ∆ ¿
PS
tan (∠ PTS )=
8ST
tan ⁡(30 ° )=
8 ST
ST = =13.86 cm
tan ⁡(30 ° )
QR
sin ( ∠ PTS )=
2 RT
sin ( 30 ° )=
2 RT
RT = =4 cm
sin ( 30 ° )
SR=ST −RT =13.86−4=9.86cm (3 s.f.)

17a) PT =17 cm
PS 9
sin ( ∠ PTS )= =
PT 17
∠ PTS=sin−1 ( )
9
17
=32.0 °

17b) ∠ SPT=180−90−31.97=58.03° (∠ ∑ of ∆ ¿
∠ TPQ=90−58.03=31.97 ° (complementary ∠ s ¿
∠ PQT =( 180−31.97 ) ÷ 2=74.015 ° (base ∠ s of an isos. ∆ are equal)
∠ TQR=90−74.015=15.99 °
QR
cos (∠ TQR )=
QT
9
cos (15.99 ° )=
9 QT
QT = =9.36 cm (3 s.f.)
cos ( 15.99° )
18a) Let the length of a side of square ABCD be 6 x cm.
Then AE=EB=3 x , BF=FG=GC =2 x
FC 2 ( 2 x ) 4 x 2
tan∠ FDC = = = =
DC 6x 6x 3
AE 3 x
18b) tan∠ ADE= = =0.5
AD 6 x
−1
∠ ADE=tan ( 0.5 )=26.6 °
−1
18c) ∠ FDC=tan ( 0.667 )=33.70°
∠ EDF=90−26.57−33.70=29.7 ° (complementary ∠ s ¿

Chapter 9.2
BC 12
1a) sin ( 40 ° ) = =
AC AC
 12
AC= =18.7 m (3 s.f.)
sin ( 40 ° )
1b) Time taken¿ 18.67 ÷ 0.75=24.9 s (3 s.f.)

2a) Let x be the height of the lighthouse.

BC=50 , AC=50+15=65
x x
tan (52 ° )= =
BC 50
x=50 tan ( 52 ° )=64.0 m (3 s.f.)
x 64
2b) tanθ= =
AC 65
θ=tan −1 ( )
64
65
=44.6 °

3a) Let BC= y , AB=2 y .

AB 2 y
tan (∠ ACB )= = =2
BC y
−1
3b) ∠ ACB=tan ( 2 ) =63.43°
∠ ACD=90−63.43=26.6 ° (complementary ∠ s)

3c) ∠ OAB=∠ ACD=26.57 ° (alternate ∠ s are equal)

∆ AOE and ∆ BOE are congruent, hence AO=BO and ∆ AOB is an isosceles triangle.
∠ AOB=180−2 ( 26.57 ) =126.9° (base ∠ s of an isos. ∆ are equal)
AD AD
4a) sin ( 46 ° )= =
AB 17
AD=17 sin ( 46 ° ) =12.2m (3 s.f.)
DB DB
4b) cos ( 46 ° )= =
AB 17
DB=17 cos ( 46 ° )=11.81 m
CD=38−11.81=26.19 m
2 2 2 2 2
A C =A D + C D =12.23 +26.19 =835.489
AC= √ 835.489=28.9m (3 s.f.)
5a) ∠ AOB=360÷ 8=45 °
AC AC
5b) sin ∠ AOB= =
OA 12
AC=12 sin ( 45 ° ) =8.49 cm (3 s.f.)
OC OC
5c) cos ∠ AOB= =
OA 12
OC =12cos ( 45 ° )=8.485 cm
1
Area of OAC= ( AC ) ( OC )=36.0 cm²
2
6a) AD=120 ÷ 4=30 cm

6b) AB=30 cm(sides of a rhombus are equal)

OB=OD=24 cm (diagonal AC bisects diagonal BD)
In ∆ ABO ,
OB 24
cos (∠ ABD )= =
AB 30
∠ ABD=cos
−1 24
30( )
=36.9°

6c) Since AB= AD , then ∆ ABC is an isosceles triangle.

∠ BAD=180−2 ( 36.87 ) =106.3° (base ∠ s of an isos. ∆ are equal)

7a) 84=PS × SR=14 PS

 PS=84 ÷ 14=6 cm
1 1
PT = PS= ( 6 )=3 cm
2 2
PT 3
7b) tan (∠ PQT ) = =
PQ 14
∠ PQT =tan−1
3
14( )
=12.09 °
θ=90−12.09=77.9 ° (complementary ∠ s)
BC 25 5
8a) cos ∠ ABC = = =
BA 35 7
∠ ABC=cos−1 ()
5
7
=44.4 °

AC AC
8b) tan∠ ABC = =
BC 25
AC=¿ 25tan(44.42°) = 24.5 m
' '
∠ A B C =44.42−12=32.42
' ' °
' ' A C 24.5
tan∠ A BC = '
= '
' 24.5 B C B C
BC = =38.6 m (3 s.f.)
tan ( 32.42 ° )
Hence, the distance between points B and C’ is 38.6m.

9a) Radius of circle ¿ OB

2 2 2 2 2
O B =A B + A O =9 + 12 =225
OB=√ 225=15 cm
Hence, the radius of the circle is 15 cm.

9bi) ˚ =15−9=6 cm
CY =radius of −OC
9bii) ˚
AX=radius of − AO=15−12=3 cm
AB 9
9ci) tan (∠ AXB )= =
−1AX 3
∠ AXB=tan ( 3 )=71.6 °
BC 12
9cii) tan (∠ BYC ) = =
−1CY 6
∠ BYC=tan ( 2 )=63.4 °
9ciii) ∠ ABX =180° −90 °−71.6 ° (sum of ∠s in ∆ )
= 18.4°
∠ YBC = 180 °−90 °−63 . 4 ° (sum of ∠s in ∆ )
= 26.6°
∠ X BY =90 °+18.4 °+26.6 °
= 135°

10ai) CD=BF
BF BF
sin ∠ BAF= =
AB 12.3
BF=12.3 sin ( 72 ° )=11.7 m
∴ CD=11.7 m (3 s.f.)
AF AF
10aii) cos ∠ BAF = =
AB 12.3
AF=12.3 cos ( 72° )=3.801 m
AD= AF+ FD= AD +BC =3.801+3=6.80 m (3 s.f.)
ED ED
10aiii) tan∠ EAD= =
AD 6.801
ED=6.801 tan ( 53 ° )=9.03m (3 s.f.)
1 1
10b) Area of EAD= ( AD )( ED )= ( 6.801 ) ( 9.025 ) =30.69
21 2 1
Area of ABCD= ( AD +BC ) (CD ) = ( 6.801+ 3 )( 11.7 )=57.34
2 2
 Area of ABCDE=30.69+57.34=88.0 m²
EC 15
11a) tanθ= = =0.75
CD 20
11b) ∠ ABC=θ (corresponding ∠s are equal)
∴ tan ( ∠ ABC )=tan θ=0.75
AC 15+3
11c) tan (∠ ABC ) = =
18 CB 20+ x
0.75=
20+
18x
20+ x= =24
0.75
x=4
ln y
12a) tan ( 49 ° )= =
ON x
y=x tan (49 °) - - - (1)
ln y
tan (35 ° )= =
MN 30−x
y= (30−x ) tan(35 °) - - - (2)
12b) ( 1 )= (2 ) :
x tan ( 49 ° )=( 30−x ) tan(35 ° )
x tan ( 49 ° )=30 tan ( 35° ) −x tan ⁡(35 ° )
x ( tan ( 49 ° ) + tan ( 35° ) ) =30 tan ⁡(35 °)
30 tan ( 35 ° )
x= =11.4 cm (3 s.f.)
tan ( 49° ) + tan ( 35 ° )
Substitute x=11.35 into ( 1 ) :
y=11.35 tan ( 49 ° ) =13.1cm (3 s.f.)
QS QS
13a) tan∠ QPS = =
PS x
QS=x tan (72°) m
QS x tan ( 72° ) tan ( 72 ° )
13b) tan∠ QRS = = =
SR 4 x 4
1
(
∠ QRS=ta n−1 tan (72 ° ) =37.6 °
4 )
14) Consider that the regular pentagon is made up of 5 congruent triangles such
as ∆ AOB . Within ∆ AOB , there are 2 congruent triangles, ∆ AOC and
∆ BOC .
∠ AOC=( 360 ÷ 5 ) ÷ 2=36 °
1 1
AC= AB= ( 290 )=145 m
2 2AC 145
tan∠ AOC= =
145 OC OC
OC = =199.6 m
tan ⁡(36 ° ) 1 1
Area of ∆ AOB= ( AB )( OC ) = ( 290 )( 199.6 )=28942 m²
2 2
Total land area occupied by headquarters¿ 5 ×28942=145000 m² (3 s.f.)

15) Let AB=x m.

'
' A B x+ 50
tan∠ A CB= =
CB CB
x+50
CB=
tan ⁡(55 °)
AB x
tan∠ ACB= =
CB CB x+ 50
x=CB tan ( 45° ) = × tan ( 45 ° )
tan ( 55° )
x=0.7002(x +50)
 x=0.7002 x +35.01
0.2998 x=35.01
x=117 m (3 s.f.)

16a) ∆ AOC is made up of 2 congruent triangles, ∆ AOB and ∆ COB .

1
∠ BOC= ( 48 ° )=24 °
2 r
BC 2 r
sin ∠ BOC= = =
r =14 sin ( 24 °OC
)=5.697 cm14
(3 s.f.)

16b) Circumference of circle¿ 2 πr =2 π ( 5.694 )=35.8cm (3 s.f.)

45
16c) Radius of circle when circumference is 45 cm ¿ =7.162 cm
2π
Using the2 cosine
2 rule, 2let the angle between the compass’ arms be x .
7 +7 −7.162
cos x= =0.4766
−1 2(7)(7)
x=cos ( 0.4766 )=61.5°
Pop Quiz 9A
2 2 2
1a) P R =Q R + PQ
2 2 2
P Q =53 −28 =2025
PQ=√ 2025=45 cm
QR 28
1bi) sin ∠ QPR= =
PR 53

PQ 45
1bii) tan∠ PRQ= =
QR 28
1 1
1c) Area of PQR= ( PQ )( QR )= ( 45 ) ( 28 )=630 cm²
2 2
1d) Let x be the shortest distance from Q to PR.
1
( PR ) ( x ) =630
2 1260
x= =23.8cm (3 s.f.)
53
2a) ∠ WZT =∠ WXY =67 ° (opposite ∠ s in a parallelogram are equal)
WT WT
sin ∠ WZT = =
WZ 13
WT =¿ 13sin(67°) = 12.0 cm
WT 11.97
2b) sin ∠ WYT = =
WY 37
∠ WYT =sin (
−1 11.97
37 )
=18.9 °

Pop Quiz 9B
DC 6
1a) sin ∠ DBC= =
DB 10
−1
∠ DBC=sin ( 0.6 )=36.9 °
1b) ∠ AEB=180−123=57 ° (supplementary ∠ s ¿
AB 6
sin ∠ AEB= =
EB EB
6
EB= =7.15cm (3 s.f.)
sin ⁡(57 °)

2a) Let x be the shortest distance from S to PR.

x x
sin ∠ SPR= =
PS 12
x=¿ 12sin(24°) = 4.88 cm
2b) Consider that RQ=x +TQ .
TQ TQ
cos ∠ SQR= =
SQ 7
TQ=¿ 7cos(34°) = 5.803 cm
RQ=4.881+ 5.803=10.7 cm (3 s.f.)
PR 14.8
2c) tan∠ PQR= =
RQ 10.68
∠ PQR=tan−1
14.8
10.68(=54.18 °
∠ PQS=54.18−34=20.2°
)
Chapter 10.1
1
1) Volume of pyramid = × base area × height
3
1
a) Volume¿ ( 63 ) ( 14 )=294 cm³
3

b) Volume=
1 1
3 2 ( ) 1
× 5 ×14 ( 12 )= ( 35 ) ( 12 )=140 cm³
2
1
c) Volume ¿ ( 15 ×15 ) ( 24 )=1800 cm³
3
1 1
d) Volume= ( 18 ×24 )( 20 )= ( 432 )( 20 ) =2880 cm³
3 3

3 (600 )
2a) Height¿ =22.5 cm
80

3 (600 )
2b) Base area¿ =100 cm²
18
Length of side¿ √ 100=10 cm
1 1
3a) Area of ABCD= ( AC ) ( BD )= ( 13 ) ( 30 )=195 cm²
2 2
1
3b) Volume¿ ( 195 ) ( 40 )=2600 cm³
3
3 (256 )
4) Base area¿ =48 cm²
48 16
x= =8 cm
6
1 1
Volume¿ ( 14 ) ( 24 )= (196 )( 24 )=1568 cm³
2
5a)
3 3
5b) Let O be the centre of the pyramid base, directly below V .
14
OT = =7 cm
2
2 2 2 2 2
V T =V O +O T =24 +7 =625
VT =√ 625=25 cm
5c) Total surface area = base area + 4 ×area of lateral faces
1 1
Area of VDC= ( VT )( DC )= ( 25 ) (14 )=175 cm²
2 2
Total surface area ¿ ( 14 2 ) +4 (175 )=896 cm²
2 ( 136 )
6a) Length of AD= =16 cm
17
6b) Total surface area ¿ 162 + 4 ( 136 )=800 cm²
 16
6c) OM = =8 cm
2
2 2 2
V M =V O +O M
2 2 2 2 2
V O =V M −O M =17 −8 =225
VO=√ 225=15 cm
∴ the vertical height of the pyramid is 15 cm.
1
6d) Volume¿ ( 16 2) ( 15 ) =1280 cm³
3
1 2 1 3
7a) 576= ( x ) ( x )= x
3 3 3
x =3 ( 576 ) =1728
x=√ 1728=12
3

x 12
7bi) OT = = =6 cm
2
2 22 2 2 2
V T =V O +O T =12 +6 =180
VT =√ 180=13.4 cm (3 s.f.)

7bii) Total surface area ¿ x + 4

2
( 12 )( 13.42) ( x )=12 +4 ( 12 ) ( 13.42)( 12) =466 cm²
2

TQ TQ
8a) tan∠ TPQ= =
PQ 25
TQ=25 tan ( 30° )=14.4 cm
∴ the height of the pyramid is 14.4 cm.
2 2 2 2 2
8b) P R =P Q −R Q =25 −20 =225
PR= √ 225=15 cm
Volume of pyramid ¿
1 1
3 2 (( ) )
( 15 ) ( 20 ) ( 14.43 ) =722cm³ (3 s.f.)

( )( )
2 2
2 20 20
9a) OR = + =200
2 2
¿=√ 200=14.1 cm (3 s.f.)
2 2 2 2
9b) T R =T O +O R =32 + 200=1224
TR=√ 1224=35.0 cm (3 s.f.)
9c) Let X be the midpoint of SR. Then, OX =10 cm .
2 2 2 2 2
T X =T O +O X =32 +10 =1124
TX= √ 1124=33.5 cm (3 s.f.)
Hence, the shortest distance from T to SR is 33.5 cm.

9d) Total surface area ¿ 20 + 4

2
( 12 ( 33.53 )( 20) )=1740cm² (3 s.f.)
1
10a) Area of AXZ= ( 5 )( 5 ) =12.5cm²
2 1
Volume of AXYZ= ( 12.5 )( 5 ) =20.8 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3
10b) Volume of cube ¿ 152=3375 cm³
Volume of remaining solid ¿ 3375−8 ( 20.83 )=3210 cm³ (3 s.f.)

11a) Note that the part removed is also a pyramid with a rectangular base. Let x be the height of the
part removed.
1
( 24 )( 32 ) ( x )=4608
3
256 x=4608
4608
x= =18
256
 ∴ the height of the original pyramid¿ 18+27=45 cm
1
11b) Volume of original pyramid¿ ( 48 )( 36 )( 45 )=25920
3
Volume of remaining solid ¿ 25920−4608=21312 cm³

12a) Let O be the intersection of the diagonals AC and BD.

2 2 2
A C =10 +12 =244
AC= √ 244=15.62
1
OC = AC =7.81
2
2 2 2
E C =OC +O E
2 2 2 2 2
O E =E C −OC =15 −7.81 =164
OE=√ 164=12.81
1
Volume of pyramid ¿ ( 10 ) ( 12 ) (12.81 )=512 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3
12b) Let F be the midpoint of CD and G be the midpoint of AD.
1
OF = (10 )=5
21
OG= ( 12 )=6
2
2 2 2 2
E F =O E +O F =164+5 =189
EF=√ 189=13.75
1 1
Area of EDC= ( CD ) ( EF )= ( 12 ) ( 13.75 )=82.5
2 2
2 2 2 2
E G =O E +O G =164+6 =200
EG=√ 200=14.14
1 1
Area of EAD= ( AD )( EG )= ( 10 ) ( 14.14 )=70.7
2 2
Total surface area of pyramid¿ ( 10 ) ( 12 ) +2 ( 82.5+70.7 )=426 cm² (3 s.f.)

13a) Consider the equilateral ∆OFE and let X be the midpoint of FE.
OE=FE=10
1 1
XE= ( FE )= ( 10 )=5
2
2 2
2 2
O E =O X + X E
2 2 2 2 2
O X =O E − X E =10 −5 =75
OX =√ 75=8.660
1 1
Area of OFE= ( OX )( FE )= ( 8.660 )( 10 )=43.30
2 2
Base area of pyramid ¿ 6 ( 43.30 )=260 cm² (3 s.f.)
VO VO
13bi) tan∠ VEO= =
OE 10
VO=10 tan ( 60 ° )=17.3cm (3 s.f.)
1
13bii) Volume of pyramid ¿ ( 259.8 ) ( 17.32 )=1500 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3
1 1
14ai) CM = ( BC )= ( 18 ) =9
2
2 2
2 2
A C 2=A M 2+C M 2 2 2
A M = A C −C M =18 −9 =243
AM =√ 243=15.6 cm (3 s.f.)
1 1
14aii) OM = ( AM )= (15.59 )=5.20cm (3 s.f.)
3 3
14aiii) VM = AM
2 2 2
V M2 =V O 2+O M 2 2
V O =V M −O M =243−5.197 =216.0
VO=√ 216.0=14.7 cm (3 s.f.)
1 1
14bi) Area of ABC= ( AM ) ( BC )= ( 15.59 )( 18 ) =140.3
2 2
 Total surface area ¿ 4 ( 140.3 )=561 cm² (3 s.f.)
1 1
14bii) Volume of tetrahedron ¿ ( 140.3 ) ( VO )= (140.3 )( 14.7 )=687 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3 3
15ai) VN =VM −NM =100−64=36 cm

15aii) Volume of cuboid ¿ ( 54 2 ) ( 64 )=186624

1
Volume of square pyramid ¿ ( 54 ) ( 36 )=34992
2
3
Total volume of post ¿ 186624+ 34992=221616 cm³
1
15bi) Let Y be the midpoint of EH. Then NY = ( 54 )=27 cm.
2 2 2
V Y =V N + N Y =36 +27 =2025
2 2 2
VY = √ 2025=45 cm
1 1
Area of VEH = ( VY )( EH ) = ( 45 ) ( 54 ) =1215
2 2
Total surface area of vertical post
= Area of ABCD+4 ( area of AEHD )+ 4 (area of VEH )
2
¿ 54 + 4 ( 54 )( 64 ) +4 (1215)
¿ 21600 cm²

15bii) 21600 cm2=2.16 m²

20 ( 2.16 )
Number of tins needed ¿ =5.4=6 (rounded up to nearest integer)
8
Hence, 6 tins of paint are needed to paint 20 such vertical posts.

Chapter 10.2
1 2
1ai) Volume ¿ ( π ) ( 9 ) (12 ) =324 π cm³
3
2 2 2 2 2
1aii) V B =V O +O B =12 +9 =225
VB= √ 225=15
Curved surface area¿ π ( 9 ) ( 15 )=135 π cm²
1
1bi) Volume¿ ( π ) ( 7.5 )2 ( 18 )=337.5 π cm³
3
2 2 2 2 2
1bii) V D =V O + O D =18 +7.5 =380.25
VD= √ 380.25=19.5
Curved surface area ¿ π (7.5 )( 19.5 )=146.25 π cm²
2 2 2
1ci) V N 2=V O + O2N
2
O N =65 −63 =256
ON =√ 256=16
1 2
Volume= ( π ) (16 ) ( 63 )=5376 π cm ³
3
1cii) Curved surface area=π (16 ) ( 65 )=1040 π cm²
1
1di) OP= ( 30 )=15
2
2 2 2
V P 2=V O
2
+ O2P
V O =39 −15 =1296
VO=√ 1296=36
1 2
Volume= ( π ) (15 ) ( 36 )=2700 π cm³
3
1dii) Curved surface area=π (15 )( 39 )=585 π cm²
( 768 π ) ( 3 )
2a) Height¿ =16 cm

√
144 π 144 π
2b) Radius of cone base¿ = √ 144=12 cm
π
Let the slant height be x .
2 2 2
x =16 +12 =400
 x=√ 400=20 cm
2c) Total surface area
=base area + curved surface area
¿ 144 π + π ( 12 )( 20 )=384 π=1210 cm² (3 s.f.)
135 π
3a) Slant height¿ =22.5 cm
( π )( 6 )
3b) Let y be the vertical height.
2 2 2
22.5
2
= y 2+6 2
y =22.5 −6 =470.25
y= √ 470.25=21.7 cm (3 s.f.)
1
3c) Volume of cone ¿ ( π ) ( 6 )2 (21.69 )=818 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3
4a) LO=147−99=48 cm
1 2
4b) Volume of LAB= ( π ) ( 20 ) ( 48 ) =6400 π
13 2
Volume of VAB= ( π ) ( 20 ) ( 99 )=13200 π
3
Total volume of solid ¿ 6400 π +13200 π =19600 π =61600 cm³ (3 s.f.)
2 2 2 2 2
4c) L B =LO +O B =48 +20 =2704
LB= √ 2704=52 cm
2 2 2 2 2
V B =OV +O B =99 +20 =10201
VB= √ 10201=101 cm
4d) Surface area of LAB=π ( 20 ) ( 52 )=1040 π
Surface area of VAB=π ( 20 ) ( 101 )=2020 π
Total surface area of solid ¿ 1040 π + 2020 π =3060 π =9610 cm ²(3 s . f .)
2
5a) Area of sector ¿ ( π ) ( 15 )2=150 π cm²
3
5bi) Circumference of cone
= length of arc AB
2
¿ ( 2 ) ( π )( 15 )=20 π
3 20 π
Base radius of cone¿ =10 cm
2π
5bii) Let x be the height of the cone.
2 2 2
O2 A =x 2
+102
x =15 −10 =125
x=√ 125=11.2 cm (3 s.f.)
1 2
5biii) Volume of cone ¿ ( π ) ( 10 ) ( 11.18 )=1170 cm³ (3 s . f .)
3
6a) Curved surface area of ABC=π ( 8 ) ( AC )=136 π
136 π
AC= =17
2 8π
ln = × AC=2 ( 17 )=34 cm
1
2 2 2
6b) A C 2=A D + 2DC
2
A D =17 −8 =225
AD=√ 225=15
1 2
Volume of ABC= ( π ) ( 8 ) ( 15 )=320 π cm³
3
Since ADC and LON are similar, then LO=2 AD=30 and ON =2 DC=16 .
 Volume of LMN
1 2
¿ ( π ) ( ON ) ( LO )
31
¿ ( π ) ( 16 ) ( 30 )
2
3
¿ 2560 π cm³

6c) Volume of ABC : LMN=320 π :2560 π =1 :8.

1
7a) Radius of base of cup¿ ( 15 )=7.5
2 1 2
Volume of liquid the cup can hold¿ ( π ) ( 7.5 ) ( 12 )=707 cm ³(3 s . f .)
3
2 2 2
7b) A E =7.5 +12 =200.25
AE=√ 200.25=14.15
Area of cup in contact with liquid ¿ π (7.5 )( 14.15 )=333 cm ²(3 s . f .)

7c) Volume of cup

= volume of cylinder – volume of cone
2
¿ π (7.5 ) ( 12 )−706.9
¿ 1414
Mass of cup ¿ 1414 × 0.2=283g (3 s.f.)

8a) ∆ VTB and ∆ VOQ are similar triangles.

VT TB 6 2
= = =
VO OQ3 15 5
⇒ ¿ =
VO5 5 5
VO= ( ¿ )= (12 )=20 cm
3 3
2
8b) Height of VAB= ( 20 ) =8
51 2
Volume of VAB= ( π ) ( 6 ) ( 8 )=96 π
31 2
Volume of VPQ= ( π ) ( 15 ) ( 20 )=1500 π
3
Volume of frustum¿ 1500 π −96 π=1404 π =4410 cm³ (3 s . f .)
2 2 2 2 2
8c) V B =V T +T B =8 + 6 =100
VB= √ 100=10
Curved surface area of VAB=π ( 6 ) ( 10 )=60 π
5
VQ= ( 10 )=25
2
Curved surface area of VPQ=π ( 15 ) ( 25 )=375 π
Curved surface area of frustum=375 π−60 π =315 π =990 cm² (3 s.f.)

9a) Radius of B=radius of base of C=1+2=3 cm

Volume of A=π ( 1 )2 ( 2.5 )=2.5 π
2
Volume of B=π ( 3 ) ( 1.2 )=10.8 π
1 2
Volume of C= ( π ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )=12 π
3
Volume of woodentop=2.5 π +10.8 π +12 π =25.3 π =79.5 cm ³(3 s . f .)
9b) Let x be the slant height of cone C.
External surface area of A=π ( 1 )2 +2 π ( 1 ) ( 2.5 )=6 π
2 2
External surface area of B=π ( 3 ) −π ( 1 ) +2 π ( 3 ) (1.2 )=15.2 π
2 2 2
x =4 +3 =25
x=√ 25=5
External surface area of C=π ( 3 )( 5 ) =15 π
Total external surface area of wooden top ¿ 6 π +15.2 π +15 π=36.2 π=114 cm² (3 s.f.)

9c) Mass of 50 wooden tops ¿ 50 ( 79.48 ) ( 0.6 )=2384 g

2384
Cost of wood required ¿ × 1.20=$ 28.61 (2 d.p.)
100
 2 2 2
10ai) R Q2=R O2 +OQ
2
R O =8.5 −4 =56.25
RO=√ 56.25=7.5
1 2
Volume of RPQ= ( π ) ( 4 ) ( 7.5 )=40 π =126 cm ³ (3 s . f .)
3
10aii) Height of VABCD=RO=7.5 cm
1 2
Volume of VABCD= ( 6.5 ) ( 7.5 )=105.625 cm³
3
10b) Given that both candles burn at the same rate, the candle which is more value for money has a
lower cost per unit volume.
$ 11
Cost per unit volume of candle VABCD : =$ 0.10 /cm ³
105.6
$ 11.50
Cost per unit volume of candle RPQ : =$ 0.09/cm ³
125.7
Hence, candle RPQ is more value for money.

11a) Curved surface area of OAB=π ( 8 ) (17 )=136 π cm ²

11b) Length of arc AB=circumference of cone OAB=2 π ( 8 )=16 π cm

' 1
Length of arc A B= ( 16 π )=8 π
'
2
Length of arc A B=¿ circumference of new cone
8π
Radius of new cone ¿ =4 cm
2π
AB VB 2 1
12a) = = =
MN 1VN 6 1 3
AB= ( MN )= ( 54 )=18 cm
3 3
CD VD 3 1
= = =
MN 1VN 6 1 2
CD= ( MN )= ( 54 ) =27 cm
2 2
2 1
12b) VB= ( VN )= ( 123 )=41
63 31
VD= (VN )= ( 123 )=61.5
6 2
Curved surface area of VAB=π ( )
18
227
( 41 ) =369 π
Curved surface area of VCD=π ( )
2
( 61.5 )=830.25 π
Area of cone painted white ¿ 830.25 π−369 π=461.25 π =1450 cm² (3 s.f.)

12c) Curved surface area of VMN =π ( 542 ) ( 123) =3321 π

( )
2
54 2
Areaof cone painted orange=3321 π−461.25 π +70 −π =11600 cm ²(3 s . f .)
2
1 1 2
13a) 222 1 π = ( π )( OB ) (34)
3 3
OB=1 4 cm
34
13b) tan∠ VBO=
14
∠ VBO=67.6 °

TQ VT
13ci) =
OB VO
TQ 14
=
14 34
 TQ=¿ 5.7647
TQ = 5.76 cm

13cii) Volume of VPQ

1 2
¿ ( π ) ( 5.7647 ) ( 1 4 )
3
= 487.204
Volume of VAB
1 2
¿ ( π ) ( 1 4 ) ( 34 )
3
= 6978.52

Volume of water ∈cone

¿ 69 7 8. 52−487 .2 04=6 49 0 cm³ (3 s . f .)
14a) CH =CO−HO=5.9−3.6=2.3
2 2 2 2 2
C D =C H + H D =2.3 +4.2 =22.93
CD=√ 22.93=4.8m (1 d.p.)
14bi) Volume of hut = volume of cylindrical room + volume of conical roof
Volume of cylindrical room ¿ π ( 4.2 )2 (3.6 )=199.5
1 2
Volume of conical roof = ( π ) ( 4.2 ) (2.3 )=42.49
3
Volume of hut=199.5+ 42.49=242 m³ (3 s.f.)

14bii) Floor = π r ²
= π (4.2) ²
= 17.64 π

Walls = 2 π rh
= 2 π (4.2)(3.6)
= 30.24 π

Roof = π rl
= π (4.2)(4.8)
= 20.16 π
2 2
C H 2 +O Q2 =CO ²
C H + 4.2 =4.8²
C H =3.324

Total area
=17.64 π +30.24 π +20.16 π
= 214 m² (3 s.f.)

14c) Note that ∆ CBH and ∆ CAF are similar and ∠ CBH =∠ CAF .
CH 2.3
tan∠ CBH = =
BH 4.2
∠ CBH =tan−1
2.3
4.2( )=28.71°
∠ BAG=∠ CAF=∠ CBH =28.71 °
AG 2.1
cos ∠ BAG= =
AB2.1 AB
AB= m (3 s.f.)
cos ( 28 , 71° ) =¿=2.40 ¿
Chapter 10.3
4 3
1ai) Volume of sphere ¿ π ( 8 ) =2140 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3
1aii) Surface area of sphere ¿ 4 π ( 8 )2=804 cm ²(3 s . f .)
 4 3
1bi) Volume of sphere ¿ π ( 23 ) =51000 mm ³ (3 s . f .)
3
1bii) Surface area of sphere ¿ 4 π ( 23 )2 =6650 mm ²(3 s . f .)
4
2a) ( π ) ( radius )3=4500 π
3 3
4 ( radius ) =13500
13500
Radius³¿ =3375
3
Radius=√ 3375=15 cm
3

4 3
2b) π ( radius ) =9886.5 π
3 3
4 ( radius ) =29659.5
29659.5
Radius ³= =7414.875
4
Radius=√ 7414.875=19.5 cm
3

2
3a) 4 ( π )( radius ) =225 π
225 π
Radius² ¿ =56.25
4π
Radius=√ 56.25=7.5 cm
2
3b) 4 ( π )( radius ) =1024 π
1024 π
Radius ²= =256
4π
Radius=√ 256=16cm

4ai) Volume of hemisphere ¿ ()

1 4
2 3
( π ) (12 )3 =3620 cm³ (3 s.f.)

4aii) Surface area of hemisphere ¿ π (12 )2+2 π (12 )2=1360 cm² (3 s.f.)

4bi) Volume of hemisphere ¿ ()

1 4
2 3
( π ) (5.5 )3=349 cm³ (3 s.f.)

4bii) Surface area of hemisphere ¿ π (5.5 )2+ 2 π ( 5.5 )2=285 cm ²(3 s . f .)

4 3
5a) Volume of sphere ¿ ( π )( 9 ) =972 π cm ³
3
Surface area of sphere ¿ 4 π ( 9 )2=324 π cm²

5bi) New radius ¿ 1.5 ( 9 ) =13.5 cm

4 3
New volume ¿ ( π )( 13.5 ) =3280.5 π
3 3280.5 π −972 π
Percentage change in volume ¿ ×100 %=237.5 %
972 π
5bii) New surface area ¿ 4 π ( 13.5 )2=729 π
729 π −324 π
Percentage change in surface area ¿ ×100 %=125 %
324 π
17
6a) Radius of ball ¿ + 2.2=10.7 cm
2
External surface area of ball ¿ 4 π ( 10.7 )2=1440 cm² (3 s.f.)

( )
3
4 ( ) 17
6b) Volume of internal cavity ¿ π =2572
4 33 2
Volume of ball ¿ ( π )( 10.7 ) =5131
3
Volume of material needed to make the ball ¿ 5131−2572=2560 cm ³(3 s . f .)
1
7a) Volume of cone¿ ( π ) ( 18 )2 ( 22 ) =2376 π cm³
3
7b) Volume of sphere=2376 π
4
( π ) ( radius )3=2376 π
3 3
4 ( radius ) =7128
7128
Radius³ ¿ =1782
4
Radius ¿ √ 3
1782=12.1 cm(3 s . f .)
4 16384
8a) Volume of large meatball ¿ ( π )( 16 )3= π
3 1 16384 3 256
Volume of smaller meatball¿
4 3 256 64 ( 3
π = )
3
π
π ( radius ) = π
3 3
3
4 ( radius ) =256
256
Radius ³= =64
4
Radius=√ 64=4 cm
3

8b) External surface area of smaller meatball ¿ 4 π ( 4 )2=201 cm ²(3 s . f .)

1
9a) Radius of sphere ¿ ( 18 )=9
24 3
Volume of sphere ¿ ( π )( 9 ) =3050 cm ³(3 s . f .)
3
9b) Volume of cube¿ 183=5832
Percentage of cube not occupied by the sphere
5832−3054
¿ ×100 %=47.6 % (3 s.f.)
5832
1
10a) Radius of sphere ¿ ( 25.2 )=12.6
2
Let x be the vertical height of the cone.
2 2 2
212 =x 2 +12.6 2
x =21 −12.6 =282.24
x=√ 282.24=16.8 cm
1
10b) Volume of cone ¿ ( π ) ( 12.6 )2 ( 16.8 )=2793
3
Volume of hemisphere ¿
1 4
2 3 () ( π ) (12.6 )3=4190
Volume of composite solid ¿ 6980 cm³ (3 s.f.)

10c) Curved surface area of cone ¿ π (12.6 ) ( 21 )=831.3

Surface area of hemisphere ¿ 2 π ( 12.6 )2=997.5
Total external surface area of composite solid ¿ 831.3+ 997.5=1830 cm² (3 s.f.)
1
11a) Radius of cylinder ¿ ( 15 )=7.5
2 2 1125
Total volume of 4 spheres ¿ π (7.5 ) ( 8.5−6 )= π
8
Volume of 1 sphere ¿
4 1125 4 (
1 1125
8 )
π =
1125
32
π
( π ) ( radius )3= π
3 3375 32
Radius ³=
128

11b)
Radius=
√
3 3375

128
=2.98 cm (3 s.f.)
Volume of additional spheres required
2
¿ π (7.5 ) ( 12−8.5 )
1575
¿ π
8
Number of additional spheres required
 1575 1125
¿ π÷ π
8 π
1575 32
32
¿ ×
8 1125 π
¿ 5.6=6 (rounded up to nearest integer)
1 4 3
12ai) Volume of entire orange piece¿ ( ) ( π ) ( 3.5 ) =22.45
8 3
Radius of pulp¿ 3.5−0.2=3.3 cm
1 4 3
Volume of pulp¿ ( ) ( π ) ( 3.3 ) =18.82
8 3
Volume of peel¿ 22.45−18.82=3.63 cm³ (3 s.f.)
1
12aii) Area of contact¿ ( 4 ) ( π )( 3.3 )2=17.1cm² (3 s.f.)
8
12b) No, I do not agree with Owen. The orange is still cut into 8 equal pieces, thus, the piece in Figure
2 is the same size as the piece in Figure 1.
1
13a) Radius of cylinder ¿ ( 15 )=7.5 mm
2 1 2
External surface area ¿ 2 π ( 7.5 )( 120 ) + ( 4 ) ( π )( 7.5 ) =6010 mm ²=60.1 cm² (3 s.f.)
2
13b) Let h be the height of the liquid from the top of the hemisphere.
10 ml=10 cm ³=10000 mm³
Volume of hemisphere ¿
1 4
2 3 ()
( π ) (7.5 )3=883.6 mm³
Volume of liquid in the cylinder ¿ 10000−883.6=9116.4
2
π ( 7.5 ) ( h )=9116.4
h=51.6 mm=5.16 cm
∴ height of liquid ¿the base of thetest tube=5.16+0.75=5.91 cm
44
14) Mass of upper plastic figure¿ ×60=26.4 g
100
Mass of hemisphere base¿ 3 ( 26.4 )=79.2 g
79.2
Volume of hemisphere base ¿ ×100=55.77 cm³
142
1 4
2
2 3
() ( π ) ( radius )3=55.77
( π ) ( radius )3=55.77
3 3
Radius³ ¿ ( 55.77 )=26.63
2π
Radius¿ √ 3
26.63=2.99 cm (3 s.f.)

15a)
Least possible x y l b h
value/cm 3.4 27.2 13.6 13.6 6.8

15bi) External surface area of packaging in Fig. 1

2
¿ 2 ( π )( x ) +2 π ( x)( y )
2
¿ 2 π ( 3.4 ) + 2 π (3.4 )(27.2)
¿ 654 cm² (3 s.f.)

External surface area of packaging in Fig. 2

¿ 2 bh+2 hl+2 bl
2
¿ 2 ( 13.6 ) ( 6.8 ) +2 ( 6.8 ) ( 13.6 ) +2 (13.6 )
¿ 739.84 cm²

15bii) Volume of 4 tennis balls ¿ 4

Volume of packaging in Fig. 1
3 (4)
( π )( 3.4 ) =658.5 3

2
¿ π (x ) ( y )
2
¿ π ( 3.4 ) (27.2)
¿ 987.8
 Volume of empty space of packaging in Fig. 1 ¿ 987.8−658.5=329 cm³ (3 s.f.)

Volume of packaging in Fig. 2

¿ bhl
2
¿ ( 13.6 ) ( 6.8 )
¿ 1257.728
Volume of empty space of packaging∈Fig .2=1257.728−658.5=599 cm ³(3 s . f .)
15c) The manufacturer should choose to use the packaging in Fig. 1. The packaging in Fig. 1 has a
smaller total external surface area, meaning that it would be cheaper to produce than Fig. 2. The
volume of empty space of the packaging in Fig. 1 is also less than that of Fig. 2, hence, space is
used more efficiently with this packaging.

16a) Internal radius of cone¿ 1.9−0.2=1.7 cm

Height of internal space of cone¿ 9−0.2=8.8 cm
1 2
Volume of internal space of cone ¿ ( π ) ( 1.7 ) ( 8.8 )=26.63
3
Volume of hemisphere ¿
2 3 ()
1 4 3
( π ) (1.9 ) =14.37
Total volume of ice cream each cone can hold ¿ 14.37+26.63=41 cm³

16b) Number of ice cream cones that can be filled with one tub of ice cream
2000
¿ =48.78
41 48.78
Number of boxes of cones needed ¿ =4.878=5 (rounded up to nearest integer)
10
17ai) ∆ EOD and ∆ EFC are similar triangles.
EO OD 6 2
= = =
EF 3FC 9 3 3
EF= ( EO )= ( 16 ) =24
2 2
x=EF−EO=24−16=8
1
17aii) Volume of original cone ¿ ( π ) ( 9 )2 (24 )=648 π
3 1 2
Volume of cone that was removed ¿ ( π ) ( 6 ) (16 )=192 π
3
Volume of frustum in Fig. 2¿ 648 π−192 π =1430 cm³ (3 s.f.)

17b) Volume of hemisphere ¿

2 3 ()
1 4 3
( π ) (7.5 ) =883.6
Volume of material needed ¿ 1433−883.6=549 cm ³ (3 s . f .)

Pop Quiz 10
2 2 2
1a) Area of sector B= ( π ) ( 15 ) = ( π ) ( 225 )=150 π cm²
3 3
1b) π ( radius ) ( 15 )=150 π
150 π
Radius of cone ¿ =10 cm
15 π
1c) Let h be the height of the cone.
2 2 2
152 =h2+ 10 2
h =15 −10 =125
h=√ 125=11.18
1 2
Volume of cone ¿ ( π ) ( 10 ) ( 11.18 )=1170 cm³ (3 s . f .)
3
1
2a) Radius of cylinder ¿ ( 6 x )=3 x
2
Volume of cylinder ¿ π ( 3 x )2 ( 5 x )=45 π x 3
Volume of hemisphere ¿
1 4
2 3 () ( π ) ( 6 x )3 =144 π x 3
Volume of composite solid ¿ 45 πx 3 +144 πx3 =189 π x 3 cm³

2b) External surface area of cylinder ¿ π ( 3 x )2 +2 π ( 3 x ) (5 x )=39 π x2

 External surface area of hemisphere ¿ 2 π ( 6 x )2 + π (6 x )2−π ( 3 x )2=99 π x 2
Total external surface area of solid ¿ 39 π x 2 +99 π x 2=138 π x 2 cm²
1
3a) 448= (8)(12) (height)
3 3 ( 448 )
Height¿ =14 cm
8 (12)
3bi) Let E be the midpoint of AD such that VE is the length of the perpendicular from V to AD.
1 1
OE= ( CD )= ( 8 )=4
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
V E =O E +V O =4 +14 =212
VE= √ 212=14.6 cm (3 s.f.)
3bii) Let G be the midpoint of CD such that VG is the length of the perpendicular from V to CD.
1 1
OG= ( AD )= ( 12 )=6
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
V G =O G +V O =6 + 14 =232
VG=√ 232=15.2 cm(3 s . f .)
3c) Total external surface area
¿ ( CD )( AD ) +2 ( area of VDC )+ 2(area of VAD)
¿ ( 8 ) ( 12 ) +2
¿ 393cm² (3 s.f.)
()
1
2 ()
( 15.23 ) ( 8 ) +2
1
2
(14.56)(12)

Progress Tracker 3
2 2 2
1a) A B = A C +C B
2 2 2 2 2
C B = A B − A C =26 −10 =576
CB= √ 576=24 cm
AC 10 5
1b) cos θ= = =
AB 26 13
1c) ∠ ABC=180−90−θ=( 90−θ ) °
AC 10 5
tan ( 90−θ ) °=tan ∠ ABC = = =
CB 24 12
1 2 1
2a) Area of A= π ( 15 ) = π ( 225 )=75 π cm²
3 3
1
2b) Length of arc PR= ( 2 )( π ) ( 15 )=10 π cm
3
2 π ( radius of cone ) =10 π
10 π
Radius of cone¿ =5 cm
2π
2c) Let h be the height of the cone, and the slant edge is 15 cm.
2 2 2
15 =h + 5
2 2 2
h =15 −5 =200
h=√ 200=14.1 cm (3 s.f.)

3a) The diagonal of the smaller1 square can be thought of as the sum of two of the circle’s radii. Since
the radius of the circle is ( 32 )=16 cm , then the diagonal of the smaller square ¿ 2 ( 16 )=32 cm.
2
2 2 2
3b) 322=x +2 x
32 =2 x
x = 22.6 cm (3 s.f.)

3c) Area of the circle¿ π (16 )2=256 π

Area of the square ¿ x 2=512
Area of shaded region¿ 256 π−512=292 cm² (3 s.f.)
2 2
4a) BC 2=39 =1521
2
AC +A B
 2 2
¿ 15 +36
¿ 225+1296
¿ 1521
Since BC 2= A C 2+ A B2 , by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, ∠ BAC=90 ° and ∆ ABC is a
right-angled triangle.
1 1
4b) Area of ∆ ABC= ( AB ) ( AC )= ( 36 ) ( 15 )=270
1 2 2
270= ( AD)(CB )
2
AD ( 39 )=540
540
AD= =13.8 cm ( 3 s . f . )
39
AD 13.85
4c) sin ∠ ABD= =
AB 36
∠ ABD=sin−1 (
13.85
36 )
=22.6 °(1 d.p.)

5a) In ∆ ABE ,
2 2 2
A B = A E +E B
( 3 x−3.5 )2= ( x +3.5 )2+ x 2
2 2 2
9 x −21 x+12.25=x + 7 x+12.25+ x
2 2
9 x 2−2 x −21 x−7 x +12.25−12.25=0
7 2x −28 x=0
x −4 x=0
2
5b) x −4 x=0
x ( x −4 )=0
x=0 or x−4=0
x=0 or x=4
Only the solution x=4 is accepted because lengths must be positive. If x=0 , we get a negative
value for AB=3 x−3.5=3 ( 0 )−3.5=−3.5 ,which is not possible.

5c) AD=EC =12−x=12−4=8 m

AE=x +3.5=4+ 3.5=7.5
1 1
Area of ABCD= ( AD +BC ) ( AE )= ( 8+12 )( 7.5 )=75 m²
2 2
PR 28.8
6a) sin ∠ PQR= =
28.8 PQ PQ
PQ= =57.6 m
sin ( 30° )
2 2 2
6b) P Q2=P R 2+ R Q 2
R Q =57.6 −28.8 =2488.32
RQ=√ 2488.32=49.88
ST PS 9−6 1
= = =
RQ 1PR 91 3
ST = ( RQ ) = ( 49.88 )=16.6 m (3 s.f.)
3 3
6c) Let X be the point where the string of flags touches the ground, such that SX is parallel to RQ
and SX is the required length.
∆ SRX and ∆ PRQ are also similar triangles.
SX SR 9−3 2
= = =
PQ PR 9 3
2
SX= ( RQ )
3
2
SX= ( 57.6 )
3
= 38.4 m
 8−0
7a) Gradient¿ =2
4−0

AB 8
7b) tanθ= = =2
OB 4
2 2 2 2 2
7c) O A = A B +O B =8 + 4 =80
OA= √ 80=8.94 units (3 s.f.)
8ai) Let h be the height of the cone. Note that the radius of the cone is the same as the radius of the
cylinder and hemisphere, 7.5 cm.
1
( π ) ( 7.5 )2 ( h )=150 π
3
2
7.5 h=450
450
h= 2 =8 cm
7.5

8aii) Volume of hemisphere ¿

2 23 ()
1 4
Volume of cylinder ¿ π (7.5 ) ( 20 )=1125 π
3
( π ) (7.5 ) =883.6

Volume of remaining solid ¿ 883.6+1125 π −150 π =3950 cm³ (3 s.f.)

8aiii) Let l be the slant height of the cone.

2 2 2
l =7.5 +8 =120.25
l= √ 120.25=10.97
1 2
Surface area of hemisphere ¿ ( 4 ) ( π )( 7.5 ) =112.5 π
2
Surface area of cylinder ¿ 2 ( π )( 7.5 )( 20 ) =300 π
Surface area of cone¿ π (7.5 )( 10.97 )=82.245 π
Total surface area of solid ¿ 112.5 π +300 π +82.245 π=1550 cm² (3 s.f.)

8bi) Let y be the vertical height of the pyramid.

1
( 20 )2 ( y )=3947
3 3 ( 3947 )
y= =29.6 cm (3 s.f.)
400
8bii) Let w be the slant2 height of the pyramid.
2 2
w =29.6 +
20
2 ( )
=976.2
w=√ 976.2=31.24
Total surface area of pyramid ¿ 20 + 4
2
2
(1)
( 31.24 )( 20 ) =1650 cm² (3 s . f .)
The right pyramid has a larger total surface area as it has a surface area of 1650 cm ² compared
to the original solid with a surface area of 1380 cm ² .

Chapter 11.1
1a) 24

1b) 1 ≤ x ≤10

1c) 10

2a) 24

2b) The data clusters around 12 pushups, implying that the most common number of pushups
completed by a student is 12. The lowest data value is 1 which deviates considerably from other
values in the distribution, hence 1 is an outlier.

2c) 16

3)
4a)

4b) Number of potatoes longer than 10 cm¿ 11

Number of potatoes shorter than or equal to 10 cm ¿ 9
Ratio¿ 11:9

4c) Number of potatoes longer than 9 cm¿ 13

70% of total potatoes ¿ 0.7 ( 20 )=14
The farmer’s claim is not true as his claim requires at least 14 potatoes to be longer than 9 cm,
while only 13 are.

5a) The distribution of the battery life of tablets is between 5 and 13 hours with 5 hours being an
outlier. The data clusters around 9 to 11 hours, meaning that most tablets have a battery life
around 9 to 11 hours long.

5b) Number of tablets with battery life greater than 10 h ¿ 9

9
Percentage of tablets with excellent battery life ¿ ×100 %=40.9 % (3 s.f.)
22

7000
5c) Battery life ¿ × 5=7.29 h (3 s.f.)
4800
We assume that battery life is directly proportional to the capacity of the tablet.

6a) In packet A, the distribution of mass of apples is between 72 and 77g and the data clusters
around the middle of the range at 74g and 75. In packet B, the distribution of mass of apples is
between 70 and 79g and the data clusters at the extremes of the range, around 70 and 79g.

6b) Total mass¿ 72+73+3 ( 74 )+ 3 ( 75 )+76 +77=745 g

6c) Total mass of apples in packet B ¿ 3 ( 70+79 ) +2 ( 71+78 )=745 g . Since both packets contain the
same mass of apples for the same price, then they are equal purchases and neither is a better
purchase than the other.

7a) Number of workers that receive an hourly wage of more than $8 ¿ 5

5
Percentage of workers ¿ ×100 %=41.7 % (3 s.f.)
12
6+4 ( 7 ) +2 ( 8 ) +3 ( 9 ) +10+12
7b) Average hourly wage ¿ =$ 8.25
12
7ci) The entire distribution of the dot diagram will shift to the right by 2 units. The data will now
cluster around $9 instead of $7 and the highest hourly wage will be $14 instead of $12.

7cii) The distribution of the dot diagram will shift to the right and spread out by 50%. The data will
now cluster around $10.50 instead of $7 and the highest hourly wage will be $18 instead of $12.

Chapter 11.2
1a) Total number of vehicles ¿ 17+34 +38+29+15=133

1b) 10

1c) Number of vehicles that were speeding¿ 15

15
Percentage of vehicles¿ ×100 %=45.5 % (3 s.f.)
33
2a) Number of boys ¿ 40−7−18−7−2=6

Mass of boys
20
15
Frequency

10
5
0
40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
Mass (kg)

2b) Number of boys¿ 7+18=25

25
Percentage of boys ¿ × 100 %=62.5 %
40
3a) n=40−3−7−16−8=6

3b)
Utility bills of families
20
15
Frequency

10
5
0
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Utility bill ($x)

3c) Ratio¿ ( 3+7 ) :16=10 :16=5 :8

3d) The histogram has a bell-shape, it is fairly symmetrical about the $20 to $30 interval which is
the peak. The distribution has a thinner tail towards the smaller utility bills, meaning that fewer
families have utility bills of less than $20 a month.
12
4a) Percentage of people ¿ ×100 %=24 %
50
4b) Number of people who spent more than $100 = 1
1
Angle of sector ¿ ( 360 ° )=7.2 °
50
5a) Number of athletes¿ 3+ 4+6+ 8+7+ 4+3=35
4+ 3 7
5b) Percentage of athletes¿ ×100 %= × 100 %=20 %
35 35
6a)
Quiz score ( x ) Frequency
10< x ≤15 2
15< x ≤20 13
20< x ≤25 9
25< x ≤30 6
Total 30

6b)
 Quiz scores of students
14
12
10
Frequency 8
6
4
2
0
10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Quiz score (x)

1
6c) Percentage of students¿ ×100 %=3 . 33 % (3 s.f.)
30
6di) Largest possible difference ¿ 30−11=19

6dii) Yes, it would be possible. 9+ 6=15 students achieved a distinction score.

7) The vertical axis does not start from 0 and the class intervals are non-uniform.

8a) I agree. Assuming the least value in the 20 to 30 interval and the highest in the 40 to 50, 60 to 70
interval,
20 × 14 = 280
50 × 4 + 70 × 1 = 270
Since 280 ¿ 270, the statement is always true.

8b) All values would increase by 20 and the histogram would shift to the right.

8c) The uniform class intervals would be $20 instead of $10 and there would be fewer class
intervals – (0, 20), (20, 40), (40, 60), (60, 80). The modal class interval would be (20, 40) with
the highest frequency. The current representation is more meaningful as there are more details
with smaller class width.

Chapter 11.3
1a) 22

1b) The heaviest tomato weighs 54 g and the lightest tomato weighs 37 g.

1c) Number of cherry tomatoes with a mass greater than 42 g = 15

15
Percentage of tomatoes accepted ¿ ×100 %=68.2 % (3 s.f.)
22
2a) 20

2b) 4

2c) Total number of hours spent ¿ 9 ( 7 )+11 ( 10 )=173

3a)
Number of sit-ups done
Stem Leaf
1 7
2 12334689
3 12349
4 155
5 0
Key: 1 | 7 represents 17 sit-ups.

3b) 9
4a) 31
11
4b) Percentage of boys ¿ ×100 %=35.5 % (3 s.f.)
31
4c) 166 cm

4d) 174 cm

5a) 28

5bi) Total amount of donations collected ¿ 6 ( 2 ) +2 ( 4 ) +6 ( 5 ) +10 ( 10 ) +3 ( 20 ) +50=$ 260

260
5bii) Average amount per donation collected ¿ =$ 9.29 (2 d.p.)
28
5c) The amount per donation clusters around $2 to $5 and the distribution has a thinner tail
towards donations over $20. This means that very few donations are over $20. $10 is the most
frequently collected amount of donations.

6a)
Mass of macarons sold (g)
Leaves for Café A Stem Leaves for Café B
8 13
13579 14 6788999
02233678 15 001123334
12 16
Key: 8 | 15 | 0 represents 15.8g for Café A and 15.0g for Café B.

6b) For Café A, the masses of macarons cluster around 15.0g to 15.8g and the distribution ranges
from from 13.8g to 16.2g, or a range of 2.4g. For Café B, the masses of macarons cluster around
15.0g to 15.4g and the distribution ranges from 14.6g to 15.4g, or a range of 0.8g. The masses of
macarons from Café B are more evenly distribution than those from Café A.

7a) A stem-and-leaf diagram with stems of 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5. This retains the original values of
the heights of the plants and will show the shape of the distribution.

7b) A dot diagram as the size of the data set is relatively small, as is the range of values.

7c) A histogram as the data set is quite large and a histogram will allow for all the data points to be
represented.

7d) A stem-and-leaf diagram as it allows for comparison of two different sets of data back-to-back.
Each shop’s earnings will be represented in one stem-and-leaf diagram and allow us to compare
the distributions of the two shops’ earnings.

8a) Most common mass = 365 g

8bi) Total mass

¿ 343+348+2 ( 349 ) +2 ( 351 ) +354+ 2 ( 356 )+ 358+359+2 ( 362 ) +3 ( 365 ) +367+368+2 ( 369 ) +371+374 +2 ( 377 ) +2 ( 37
g
10945
8bii) Average mass of each mango¿ =365 g (3 s.f.)
30
8ci) 8

8cii) 18

8ciii) 4

8d) Mabel can pack 2 grade A mangoes with 1 grade mango into 1 packet. This will give us 4 such
packets. The 18 grade B mangoes are packed into 6 packets of 3 grade B mangoes.
9a) For class A, the scores of students is symmetrically distributed, with the data clustering around
30 to 39 marks. The distribution tapers off at both ends of the distribution, meaning that very
few students achieved the lowest score, 17, or the highest score, 50. For class B, the scores of
students is asymmetrically distributed, with data clustering around 22 to 29 marks and 47 to 49
marks. The tail ends of the distribution for class B are not as thin as class A, meaning that more
students achieved lower marks of 17 to 18, and more students achieved the highest mark of 50.

9b) Difference ¿ 50−17=33 for both classes.

9ci) 5

9cii) 5

9di) 7

9dii) 7

9e) No, it would not be possible to determine which class had performed better as the classes fair
quite similarly from a) to d).
10a)
Stem Leaf
2 379
3 23466899
4 112334555677
5 2233555789
6 11668
7 23
Key: 2 | 3 represents 23 hours.

10bi)
Interval ( x ) Frequency
20 ≤ x<30 3
30 ≤ x < 40 8
40 ≤ x <50 12
50 ≤ x <60 10
60 ≤ x<70 5
70 ≤ x <80 2
Total 40

10bii)
VIA hours completed
12
Frequency

0
20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Interval (x hours)

10ci) A stem-and-leaf diagram would be more appropriate if distinct values were provided instead of
class interval values.
10cii) The histogram would be more appropriate if the data set and the range of values was very large.

Pop Quiz 11
1a)

1b) 41
12
1c) Percentage of students¿ ×100 %=60 %
20
2a) 25

2b) Number of students who spent 20 minutes or more = 11

11
Angle of sector ¿ ( 360 ° )=158.4 °
25
2c) 3:2

2di) The longest travelling time to school is 37 minutes. 37 minutes before 7.25 am is 6.48 am. Thus,
6.48 am is the latest time any student should start his or her journey to school to be on time.

2cii) The student takes 37 minutes to commute to school.

3) A stem-and-leaf diagram would be appropriate as the data set is not that large and neither is the
range of values. The stems can be 43, 44, 45 and 46 and this retains the original values of the
data.

4ai) Number of people ¿ 120−8−36−28−17−4−2=25

4aii)
Number of blood donations completed
40
30
Frequency

20
10
0
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-90 90-100 100-120
Number of blood donations

4b) I disagree as the data set of 120 data points is too large, and so is the range of values. The large
ranges will be difficult to plot on a dot diagram.

4c) Number of years between 18th and 75th birthday = 57

Maximum possible blood donations ¿ 57 ×
12
=228 (3)
Chapter 12.1
1+ 5+8+16+20 50
1a) Mean¿ = =10
5 5
4.4+ 2.8+9.5+11.8 +23.5 52
1b) Mean= = =10.4
5 5
3 x +9 x +15 x+ 24 x+ 29 x 80 x
2a) Mean= = =16 x
5 5
 4 y −1+ 4+ y+ 21−5 y +3−3 y +11+2 y 38− y
2b) Mean= = =7.6−0.2 y
5 5
3a) Sum of the six numbers¿ 6 ( 17 )=102
77
3b) Number of values¿ =14
5.5
9 ( 10 ) +7 ( 11) +12 ( 12 )+ 6 ( 13 ) +6 ( 14 ) 473
4a) Mean= = =11.825
9+7+12+ 6+6 40
11 (5 )+ 12 ( 15 )+ 6 ( 25 ) +16 ( 35 ) +8 ( 45 ) 1305
4b) Mean= = =24.6 (3 s . f .)
11+ 12+ 6+16+ 8 53
5a) 18

5b) Total number of hours ¿ 6+ 4 ( 7 )+2 ( 8 )+3 ( 9 ) +10+4 ( 11) +12+2 (13 )=169
169
5c) Mean= =9.39 h (3 s.f.)
18
6a) 20

6b) Sum of heights

¿ 124+ 2 ( 125 )+127 +128+2 ( 131 )+ 132+ 133+3 ( 136 ) +138+2 ( 139 ) +140+146+2 ( 147 )+148=2708
2708
Mean height = =135.4 cm
20
7a) Number of adults¿ 8+14 +17+12=51
8 ( 32.5 ) +14 ( 37.5 ) +17 ( 42.5 ) +12 ( 47.5 )
7b) Mean= =40.7 h (3 s.f.)
51
8a) Sum of masses of 6 oranges ¿ 6 ( 320 ) =1920 g
Sum of masses of oranges with two additional oranges added ¿ 1920+342+308=2570 g
2570
New mean mass¿ =321.2 g
8
8b) Sum of heights of 8 adults ¿ 8 ( 175 )=1400 cm
Sum of heights of adults when one adult is excluded ¿ 1400−180=1220 cm
1220
New mean height¿ =174 cm (3 s.f.)
7
9) 6+ x +2 x−3+2+ 4 x + x−1=4(11)
8 x +4=44
8 x=40
x=5

10) Sum of ages of the people in groups A and B combined ¿ 17 ( 23 ) +15 ( 27 )=796
796 796
Mean age¿ = =24.875
17+15 32

11) Let x be his score in the last quiz.

5 ( 13.8 ) + x=6 (13)
69+ x=78
x=78−69=9

12) 6 ( 37.5 ) +8 x=14 (27.5)

225+8 x=385
8 x=385−225=160
160
x= =20
8
13) Sum of data values¿ 6 ( 62 )=372
9 9
Largest data value ¿ ×372= ( 372 )=108
2+ 3+4 +5+8+ 9 31
14a) 3+12+ x + y +4=40
x + y=40−3−12−4=21 - - - (1)

14b) Total number of books borrowed¿ 3 ( 4 ) +12 (5 )+ x ( 6 )+ y ( 7 )+ 4 ( 8 )=104+ 6 x +7 y

104+ 6 x+7 y=40 ( 5.925 ) =237
6 x +7 y=237−104=133 - - - (2)

14c) ( 2 )−6× ( 1 ) :
6 x +7 y−6 ( x + y )=133−6 (21)
6 x +7 y−6 x−6 y=133−126
y=7
Substitute y=7 into ( 1 ) :
x +7=21
x=14
∴ x=14 , y=7
15) Let a be Sherwin’s current mean mark.
Sum of marks obtained in 4 practice papers ¿ 4 a
Sum of marks obtained in 5 practice papers ¿ 4 a+69
4 a+69
=a+ 1.5
5
4 a+69=5 a+7.5
5 a−4 a=69−7.5
a=61.5

16) 21+12+ x + y +4 +1=50

x + y=50−21−12−4−1=12 - - - (1)
21 ( 0 ) +12 ( 1 )+ x ( 2 ) + y ( 3 ) +4 ( 4 )+ 1 ( 5 )=50(1.22)
12+2 x+3 y +16+ 5=61
2 x+3 y =61−12−16−5=28 - - - (2)

( 2 )−2× (1 ) :
2 x+3 y −2 ( x + y ) =28−2(12)
2 x+3 y −2 x−2 y =28−24
y=4
Substitute y=4 into ( 1 ) :
x +4=12
x=8
∴ x=8 , y=4
17a) Sum of the integers¿ a+ b+c +d=4 x
4 x +8
New mean¿ =x +2
4
4 x +3 ( 4 ) 4 x +12
17b) New mean¿ = =x+ 3
4 4
17c) New sum of integers¿ 2.5 a+2.5 b +2.5 c+ 2.5 d=2.5 ( a+ b+c +d ) =2.5 ( 4 x )=10 x
10 x
New mean¿ =2.5 x
4
Chapter 12.2
5+1
1a) Middle position¿ =3
2
Median¿ 1 8
8+1
1b) Middle position= =4.5
21+25 46 2
Median= = =23
2 2
 7+1
1c) Middle position= =4
2
Median=26
8+1
1d) Middle position= =4.5
48+ 53 1012
Median= = =50.5
2 2
30+1
2) Middle position= =15.5
3+3 2
Median= =3
2
3a) 24
24+1
3b) Middle position= =12.5
2+3 2
Median= =2.5
2
4a) Number of boys in class ¿ 3+10+11+4 +2=30
30+1
4b) Middle position= =15.5
2
The class interval is 170 cm to 175 cm.

5a) Mean
3 (67 ) +2 ( 68 ) +69+2 ( 70 ) +71+72+73+75+76+77 +78+2 ( 79 ) +2 ( 82 )+ 84+2 ( 86 ) 1646
¿ = =74.8 (3
s.f.) 22 22

22+1
5b) Middle position= =11.5
73+75 2
Median= =74
2
1646+70 1716
5c) New mean¿ = =74.6 (3 s.f.)
23 23
23+1
New middle position¿ =12
2
New median¿ 73

6a) Data set excluding x arranged in ascending order: 6, 8, 11, 15, 16, 19
7+1
Middle position= =4
2
x=12

6b) Data set excluding x arranged in ascending order: 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19
8+1
New middle position= =4.5
2
12 ( 2 )=∑ of values at 4 th∧5 th position
x=24−13=11

7a) Mean household income

8750+3230+9470+ 6080+8420+5600+6420+ 9300+5710+6880+ 4720+19320
¿
12
93900
¿
12
¿ $ 7825

7b) Data set arranged in ascending order: 3230, 4720, 5600, 5710, 6080, 6420, 6880, 8420, 8750,
9300, 9470, 19320
12+ 1
Middle position= =6.5
6420+6880 2
Median= =$ 6550
2
7c) The median is a better representation of the measure of central tendency as this set of data has
a large range of values with an outlier value of $19320.

8a) Let x be the smallest integer in the set. The set is { x , x +1 , x +2 , x+ 3 , x +4 } .

5+1
Middle position= =3
2
x +2=20
x=18
Largest integer¿ x +4=22

8b) Let y be the smallest integer in the set. The set is

{ y , y+ 2 , y + 4 , y +6 , y +8 , y+ 10 , y +12 , y +14 } .
8+1
Middle position= =4.5
2
51 ( 2 )=∑ of values at 4 th∧5 th position
y +6+ y+ 8=102
2 y +14=102
2 y=102−14=88
Smallest integer¿ y=44
1 ( 10 ) +22 ( 30 ) + 45 ( 50 ) +105 ( 70 ) +27 ( 90 ) 12700
9a) Mean score¿ = =63.5
200 200
200+1
9b) Middle position= =100.5
2
Class interval that contains the median score is 60< x ≤ 80.

10a) Largest possible value of(3+7+ x)=6 +8+ ( 4−1 )

Largest possible value of x=17−3−7
x=7

10b) Smallest possible value of ( 3+7+ x +( 4−1) ) =6+8

x=1

11a) Mean score for Mathematics

16+17+21+22+24 +26+28+ 30+33+2 ( 35 ) +2 ( 38 ) +40+ 41+2 ( 44 )+ 47+2 ( 48 )
¿
675 20
¿
20
¿ 33.75

Mean score for Science

17+2 ( 18 ) +22+26+2 ( 27 ) +2 ( 28 ) +29+35+ 2 ( 37 )+ 38+39+ 42+ 43+ 48+2 ( 50 )
¿
659 20
¿
20
¿ 32.95
20+1
11b) Middle position= =10.5
2 35+35
Median score for Mathematics ¿ =35
29+35 2
Median score for Science ¿ =32
2
11c) The students performed better in Mathematics as their mean and median scores were higher
than the Science scores.
12ai) Number of students in class A ¿ 12+19+6+ 2+ 1=40
19 ( 1 ) +6 ( 2 )+2 ( 3 ) +1 ( 4 ) 41
Mean number of siblings ¿ = =1.025
40 40
12aii) Number of students∈class B=8+21+8+3=40
21 ( 1 ) +8 ( 2 ) +3 ( 3 ) 46
Mean number of siblings= = =1.15
40 40
 40+1
12bi) Middle position= =20.5
2 1+1
Median number of siblings= =1
2
12bii) Middle position=20.5
1+1
Median number of siblings= =1
2
12c) The mean is a better representation of the measure of central tendency for this set of data as
there are no extreme values in the data set. The mean will use all the values to calculate the
measure of central tendency.

13ai) Total number of adults ¿ 3+ 4+8+ 5+8+ 4+2=34

4 ( 1 ) +8 ( 2 ) +5 ( 3 ) +8 ( 4 ) + 4 ( 5 ) +2 ( 6 ) 99
Mean¿ = =2.91 (3 s.f.)
34 34
34+1
13aii) Middle position= =17.5
3+3 2
Median¿ =3
2
13b) If the median is 2.5, then the middle position lies between two values.
2.5 ( 2 )=5=2+3
∴ the middle position lies between the ( 3+ x +8 ) th value and the ( 3+ x +8+1 ) th value.
3+ x +8+5+ 8+4 +2=30+ x
30+ x +1=3+ x+8+ 3+ x+ 8+1
31+ x=23+2 x
x=8

13c) Largest possible value of( 3+ x +8 ) =8+ 4+2+5−1=18

Largest possible value of x=18−3−8=7

14a) x +2+8+10+ 9+2 x +3=65

3 x+ 32=65
3 x=65−32=33
x=11

14b) 2.3 ( 3 x+ 32 )=8 ( 1 ) +10 ( 2 ) +9 ( 3 ) +(2 x +3)(4 )

6.9 x+ 73.6=8+20+27+ 8 x +12
1.1 x=73.6−8−20−27−12=6.6
6.6
x= =6
1.1
14c) Smallest possible value of( x +2+8+10 )=2 x +3+ 8=2 x+ 11
x +20=2 x +11
x=20=11=9
∴ minimum value of x=9
Largest possible value of( x +2+8+10+ 9−1 )=2 x +3
x +28=2 x +3
x=28−3=25
∴ maximum value of x=25

Chapter 12.3
1a) 7

1b) No mode

1c) 24 and 55

2a) 26
 26+1
2b) Middle position¿ =13.5
2
7000+8000
Median¿ =7500
2
2c) 6000 and 8000

3a) 2
35+1
3b) Middle position¿ =18
2
Median=3

4ai) Data set arranged in ascending order: 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9, 9, 9.5, 9.5, 10, 10, 10.5, 11
12+1
Middle position¿ =6.5
9+ 9.5 2
Median= =9.25
2
4aii) 9
7.5+8+8.5+3 ( 9 ) +2 ( 9.5 ) +2 (10 ) +10.5+11 111.5
4aiii) Mean¿ = =9.29 (3 s.f.)
12 12
4b) No, I do not agree with her claim as the measure of central tendency requires the value that
occurs most often in the data set. Therefore, mode would be the best measure.

5a)
Mass of school bags
Stem Leaf
2 1788
3 244489
4 0223556
5 239
Key: 2 | 1 represents 2.1 kg.

5bi) Mean
2.1+ 2.7+2 ( 2.8 ) +3.2+3 ( 3.4 )+3.8+ 3.9+4.0+ 2 ( 4.2 )+ 4.3+2 ( 4.5 )+ 4.6+5.2+5.3+ 5.9
¿
78.2 20
¿
20
¿ 3.91
20+1
5bii) Middle position¿ =10.5
3.9+4.0 2
Median¿ =3.95
2
5biii) 3.4 kg

5c) Maximum recommended mass of school bag¿ 0.1 ( 47.5 )=4.75 kg

Number of school bags that exceed the recommended mass ¿ 3

6a) x <9
The largest value of x is 8.
6b) x >9

6c) x=45−5−8−9−7−6−5=5
8 ( 1 )+ 5 ( 2 )+ 9 (3 )+ 7 ( 4 )+ 6 ( 5 ) +5 ( 6 ) 133
Mean¿ = =2.96 (3 s.f.)
45 45
7a) Number of households¿ 13+34 +22+16+11=96

7bi) Class $30 to $40

 96+1
7bii) Middle position= =48.5
2
The median falls in the class $40 to $50.
13 ( 25 )+ 34 ( 35 ) +22 ( 45 )+16 ( 55 )+ 11 ( 65 ) 4100
7biii) Mean¿ =
96 96
¿ $ 42.71 (2 d.p.)

7c) Mean is the best representation for this set of data as there are no extreme values in the data set
and the measure of central tendency does not require specific values which occur most often.

8a) 27

8b) 31 and 35
28+4 (30 ) +5 ( 31 )+ 4 ( 32 ) + 4 ( 33 ) +3 ( 34 )+5 ( 35 )+36 876
8c) Mean¿ = =32.4 (3 s.f.)
27 27
8d) 70% of the boxes¿ 0.7 ( 27 )=18.9
17 boxes contain at least 32 apples, so the distributer’s claim is inaccurate.

9) The mean of the set of numbers is 44:

a+ 40+b +43+ 45+c + 47+d=8(44 )
a+ b+c +d +175=352
a+ b+c +d =352−175=177 - - - (1)
The mode of the set of numbers if 43:
⇒ 43 appears more than once.
⇒ b=43
Since 43 is the mode, then none of the other numbers appears more than once.
⇒ 45 <c <47
⇒ c=46
The largest difference between any two numbers is 10:
d−a=10
d=a+10 - - - (2)
Substitute (2), b=43 , c=46 into (1):
a+ 43+ 46+a+ 10=177
2 a+99=177
2 a=78
a=39
d=39+10=49
∴ a=39 ,b=43 ,c =46 , d=49
10a) x=14

10b) Total number of students¿ 3+14 + x+ 6+6+3+ 2=34+ x

14 ( 1 ) + x ( 2 ) +6 ( 3 )+ 6 ( 4 )+ 3 (5 )+ 2 ( 6 ) 15 103
=2 =
83+2 x 103 34+ x 44 44
=
34 + x 44
103 ( 34+ x ) =44 (83+2 x)
3502+103 x=3652+88 x
103 x−88 x=3652−3502
15 x=150
x=10

10c) No, it is not possible. The smallest possible value for x when the median is 3 requires that
3+14 + x=6+3+ 2+ 6−1
17+ x=16
x=−1 (N.A.)

11ai) Total marks scored for History

¿¿
¿ 753
 753
Mean test score for History¿ =34.2 (3 s.f.)
22
Total marks scored for Geography
¿ 12+13+2 ( 17 ) +20+23+ 25+28+31+2 ( 34 )+35+ 36+2 ( 37 ) +38+3 ( 42 )+ 44+ 45+ 48
¿ 700
700
Mean test score for Geography¿ =31.8 (3 s.f.)
22
22+ 1
11aii) Middle position ¿ =11.5
2 36+36
Median test score for History¿ =36
234+35
Median test score for Geography¿ =34.5
2
11aiii) Modal test scores for History are 29, 36, 38 and 44.
Modal test score for Geography is 42.

11b) Passing grade¿ 50 % × 50=25 marks

Distinction grade¿ 70 % × 50=35 marks

History:
19
Percentage of passes¿ ×100 %=86.4 %
22 13
Percentage of distinctions¿ ×100 %=59.1 %
22
Geography:
16
Percentage of passes= ×100 %=72.7 %
22
11
Percentage of distinctions= ×100 %=50 %
22

11c) The statement is true as the mean and median scores as well as the percentage of passes and
distinctions are higher for History than Geography.

Pop Quiz 12A

9 ( 1 )+ 10 ( 2 )+ 6 ( 3 ) +6 ( 4 ) +1 (5 )+ 2 ( 6 ) 88
1a) Mean¿ = =2.26 (3 s.f.)
5+9+10+ 6+6+1+2 39
1b) Total number of games¿ 39
39+1
Middle position¿ =20
2
Median¿ 2

2a) Total number of data values¿ 25+30=55

25 ( 4.2 ) +30 ( 3.16 ) 199.8
Mean of combined data sets ¿ = =3.63 (3 s.f.)
55 55
2b) Let x be the smallest integer. The data set is { x , x +2 , x+ 4 , x+ 6 , x+8 , x +10 } .
6+1
Middle position¿ =3.5
2
2 ( 36 )=x + 4+ x +6
2 x+10=72
2 x=62
x=31
Largest integer¿ x +10=41
3 (1 )+6 (2 )+7 (3 )+ 5 ( 4 )+ 4 ( 5 ) +2 ( 6 )+ 8 96
3a) Mean¿ = =3.2
30 30
30+1
3b) Middle position¿ =15.5
3+3 2
Median¿ =3
2
3c) The customers were more satisfied with the revised version of the product as the mean
satisfaction rating is higher. This means that on average, customers had a higher satisfaction
rating with the revised version of the product.

Pop Quiz 12B

1a) 3+6+ 7+ x + y +4=30
20+ x + y=30
x + y=30−20=10 - - - (1)
7
1b) 3 ( 10 ) +6 ( 11 )+7 (12 )+13 x +14 y + 4 ( 15 )=30 (12 )
15
240+13 x +14 y=374
13 x+ 14 y=374−240=134 - - - (2)

1c) Subtracting 13 × ( 1 ) from ( 2 ) :

13 x+ 14 y−13 ( x + y )=134−13(10)
13 x+ 14 y−13 x−13 y=134−130
y=4
Substitute y=4 into (1):
x=10−4=6
∴ x=6 , y=4
2a) Class 30 to 35 years old.
12 ( 27.5 )+17 ( 32.5 )+ 13 ( 37.5 )+ 9 ( 42.5 ) +7 ( 47.5 ) 2085
2b) Mean¿ = =35.9 (3 s.f.)
58 58
12+17
2c) Percentage of staff aged 35 years and below ¿ ×100 %=50 %
59
Thus, the company is eligible for the fund.

2d) Let a be the maximum possible number of people on the team. The new number of people in the
40-45 class is a+ 9.
Number of staff below 35 years old ¿ 12+17=29
29+13−1=a+ 9+7
41=a+16
a=41−16=25

Chapter 13.1
1a) S= { 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,6 ,7 ,8 }
Total number of possible outcomes is 8.

1b) S= { 11,12 , 13 ,14 ,15 ,16 , 17 , 18 ,19 , 20 }

Total number of possible outcomes is 10.

1c) S={S , I , N ,G , A , P , O , R , E }
Total number of possible outcomes is 9.

1d) S={green1 , green2 , green 3 , green 4 , yellow 1 ,red 1, red 2 , red 3 }

Total number of possible outcomes is 8.

2a) S={Monday , Tuesday ,Wednesday , Thursday , Friday , Saturday , Sunday }

2b) {Tuesday, Wednesday}

2
2c) P ( E )=
7
3a) S=¿ {I, N, F, I, N, I T, E}
1
3bi) P(select letter T)¿
8
 2 1
3bii) P(select letter N)¿ =
8 4
3biii) P(select letter A)¿ 0

4a) S={apple , orange , banana}

5
4bi) P(select an apple)¿
18
7
4bii) P(select a banana)¿
18
5a) S={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 ,5 , 6 }
Multiples of 3: 3, 6
2 1
P(get a multiple of 3)¿ =
6 3
5b) Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5
3 1
P(get a prime number)¿ =
6 2
6a) S={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 ,5 , 6 , 7 , 8 }
Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8
4 1
P(get an even number)¿ =
8 2
6b) Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
6 3
P(get a factor of 24)¿ =
8 4
7a) S={P , R ,O , B , A , I , L ,T ,Y }
2
P(get letter B)¿
11
7b) Consonants: P, R, B, L, T, Y
7
P(get a consonant)¿
11
7c) Letters that are in both words: T, A, R
3
P(get letter A, R or T)¿
11
3 1
8a) P(get a prime number)¿ =
6 2
5
8b) P(get a number that is not 3)¿
6
6
8c) P(get a number less than 7)¿ =1
6
9a) S={red – blue , red – green , blue – green }

9b) {red – green, blue – green}

2
9c) P(E)¿
3

12 2
10a) P(choose history book)¿ =
12+10 +8 5
12+10 11
10b) P(choose history or geography book)¿ =
12+10 +8 15
2 3
10c) P(choose book that is not a history book)¿ 1− =
5 5
 3
11a) P(select a number)¿
10
2 1
11b) P(select an uppercase letter)¿ =
10 5
1
11c) P(select lowercase vowel)¿
10
1
12a) Number of men¿ ( 48 )=12
4 1
Number of women¿ ( 48−12 )=18
1 2
Number of boys¿ ( 48−12 )=12
3
Number of girls¿ 48−12−18−12=6
12 1
P(select a boy)¿ =
48 4
12+18 5
12b) P(select an adult)¿ =
48 8
18+6 1
12c) P(select a female)¿ =
48 2
1
13a) P(draw card from red suit)¿
2
12 3
13b) P(draw picture card)¿ =
52 13
8 2
13c) P(draw a numbered card more than 8)¿ =
52 13

14a) S={23 , 24 , 25 , 32, 34 , 35 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 52 ,53 , 54 }

6 1
14bi) P(number is even)¿ =
12 2
2 1
14bii) P(number is prime)¿ =
12 6

15a) S={HHH , HHT , HTH , HTT ,TTT , TTH ,THT , THH }

1
15bi) P(get all heads)¿
8
3
15bii) P(get 2 heads and 1 tail)¿
8
4 1
15biii) P(get at most 1 head)¿ =
8 2
16a) Total number of outcomes¿ 999−100+1=900

16bi) Total number of even numbers in S= ( 998−100 ) ÷ 2+1=450

450 1
P(choose an even number)¿ =
900 2
16bii) Total number of numbers that end with the digit 5 ¿ ( 995−105 ) ÷10+ 1=90
90 1
P(choose a number that ends with the digit 5)¿ =
990 10

17a) Number of numbers from 1 ¿ 1000=1000−1+ 1=1000

Number of two-digit numbers¿ 99−10+1=90
90 9
P(choose a two-digit number)¿ =
1000 100
17b) Number of perfect cubes¿ 10
10 1
P(choose a perfect cube)¿ =
1000 100
17c) Number of numbers that end with a 7¿ ( 997−7
100 ) ÷110+1=100
P(choose a number that ends with a 7)¿ =
1000 10
Chapter 13.2
130 13
1a) P(get a 2)¿ =
360 36
360−90−130−25 115 23
1b) P(get a 4)¿ = =
360 360 72
90+130 220 11
1c) P(get a 1 or 2)¿ = =
360 360 18
2a) Total number of students¿ 32+64+ 15+27=138
15 5
P(student walks to school)¿ =
138 46
32+ 15+27 74 37
2b) P(student does not take the bus)¿ = =
138 138 69
15+32 47
2c) P(student walks or takes the MRT)¿ =
138 138
2
π ( 2) 4
3) P(point lies in A as well)¿ 2
=
π ( 5 ) 25
7 x
4a) =
10 x +15
7 ( x +15 )=10 x
7 x +105=10 x
10 x−7 x=105
3 x=105
x=35

4b) New number of boys¿ 35+7=42

New number of girls¿ 15+13=28
42 3
P(select a boy)¿ =
42+28 5

5a)
1 2 3 4
Coin 1 H H T T
Coin 2 H T H T
2 1
5bi) P(both coins show same face)¿ =
4 2
3
5bii) P(at least 1 head is shown)¿
4
6a)
Red box 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5
Blue box 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8

2
6bi) P(both show odd numbers)¿
9
3 1
6bii) P(sum of numbers is more than 11)¿ =
9 3
 4
6biii) P(sum of numbers is a prime)¿
9
7a)
Card 1 3 3 3 7 7 7 11 11 11
Card 2 5 9 13 5 9 13 5 9 13
3 1
7bi) P(sum is more than 19)¿ =
9 3
3 1
7bii) P(sum is a multiple of 3)¿ =
9 3
3 1
7c) P(sum is a perfect square)¿ =
1 9 3
P(one of the cards is 9)¿
3
Both rules give the same chance for a prize to be won.
11
8a) P(height ≥164 cm)¿
20
20+1
8b) Middle position¿ =10.5
164+164 2
Median¿ =164
2 8 2
P(height > 164)¿ =
20 5
8c) Mode¿ 164
11 9
P(height < 164)¿ 1− =
20 20
2
x 9
9a) 2
=
16 2 64 2
64 x =9 ( 16 )
2
64 x =2304
2 2304
x= =36
64
x=√ 36=6
1
9b) Area of OMN= ( 8 )( 8 )=32
2 32 32 1
P(point lies in OMN)¿ 2 = =
16 256 8
10a) Radius of largest circle¿ 3+2+2=7
Area of largest circle¿ π (7 )2=49 π cm²
2
π ( 3) 9π 9
10bi) P(obtain 5 points)¿ = =
49 π 49 π 49
2
49 π−π ( 3+2 ) 24 π 24
10bii) P(obtain 1 point)¿ = =
49 π 49 π 49
10c) S={3 , 5 ,7 , 9 , 11, 13 ,15 }

11a) Number of white marbles¿ 100−24=76

Let x be the number of black marbles that must be added to the bag.
24 + x 1
=
100+ x 3
3 ( 24+ x ) =100+ x
72+3 x=100+ x
3 x−x=100−72
2 x=28
x=14
11b) Let y be the number of white marbles that must be taken out from the bag.
76− y 3
=
100− y 5
5 ( 76− y )=3(100− y )
380−5 y=300−3 y
5 y−3 y=380−300
2 y=80
y=40

12a) x + y + ( 2 x +3 y )=40
3 x+ 4 y =40 - - - (1)
7
12b) P(pick a green ball)¿
2 x +3 y 7 10
=
40 10
10 ( 2 x +3 y )=7(40)
20 x+ 30 y=280
2 x+3 y =28 - - - (2)

12c) Subtract (1) from 1.5 × ( 2 ) :

1.5 ( 2 x +3 y )− ( 3 x + 4 y )=1.5 ( 28 ) −40
3 x+ 4.5 y−3 x−4 y=42−40
0.5 y=2
y=4
Substitute y=4 into (2):
2 x+3 ( 4 ) =28
2 x=28−12=16
x=8
∴ x=8 , y=4
Number of green balls ¿ 2 ( 8 ) +3 ( 4 )=28

13a) A-B-C-F-I
A-B-E-F-I
A-B-E-H-I
A-D-E-F-I
A-D-E-H-I
A-D-G-H-I
There are 6 possible routes a player can take.
3 1
13b) P(will pass through F)¿ =
6 2
5
13c) P(gets a prize)¿
6
14) Number of red balls¿ 30−x
x
P(choose a blue ball)¿
30
If 5 red balls are removed:
x x
P(choose a blue ball)¿ =
30−5 25
x x 1
= +
25 30 30
x x +1
=
25 30
30 x=25(x +1)
30 x=25 x+ 25
30 x−25 x=25
5 x=25
x=5
36
15a) P(choose red ball)¿
36+ x + y
 1 3 9
15b) P(choose red ball)¿ 1− − =
9 36 4 16 16
=
16 36+ x+ y
9 ( 36+ x + y ) =16(36)
324+ 9 x+ 9 y=576
9 x +9 y=576−324=252
x + y=28 - - - (1)
x
P(choose blue ball)¿
1 x 36+ x + y
=
4 36+ x+ y
4 x=36+ x + y
4 x−x− y=36
3 x− y=36 - - - (2)

( 1 ) +( 2 ) :
x + y +3 x− y=28+ 36
4 x=64
x=16
Substitute x=16 into (1):
16+ y =28
y=28−16=12
∴ x=16 , y=12

Pop Quiz 13A

1ai) Total number of balls¿ 5+8+ 3=16
8 1
P(get a green ball)¿ =
16 2
1aii) P(get a red ball)¿ 0
3+ x 1
1b) =
16+ x 2
2 ( 3+ x )=16+ x
6+ 2 x=16+ x
2 x−x=16−6
x=10

2a) Number of numbers from 20 to 40 ¿ 40−20+1=21

Number of even numbers ¿ ( 40−20 ) ÷ 2+1=11
11
P(get an even number)¿
21
2b) Number of primes¿ 4
4
P(get a prime)¿
21
2c) Number of composites¿ 21−4=17
17
P(get a composite)¿
21
9+8 17
3ai) P(more than 35 pushups)¿ =
64 64
64+1
3aii) Middle position¿ =32.5
2
Median class is 25 to 30 pushups completed.
13+9+8 30 15
P(greater than numbers in median class)¿ = =
64 64 32
3b) n=20
Pop Quiz 13B
2 5
1a) P(ball is not red)¿ 1− =
7 7
1 5 1 5 1
1b) P(draw a blue ball)¿ × = × =
1+ 4 7 5 7 7
72 1
2a) P(favourite colour is blue)¿ =
360 5
360−150−72−60 78 13
2b) P(favourite colour is black)¿ = =
360 360 60
3a) Total number of students¿ 13+6 x +4 +14+ 4 x=31+10 x

3b) 13+14=3(6 x+ 4+ 4 x)
27=3(10 x +4)
10 x+ 4=9
10 x=9−4=5
x=0.5

3c) Total number of students¿ 31+10 ( 0.5 )=31+5=36

Number of male students¿ 13+6 ( 0.5 )+ 4=13+3+ 4=20
20 5
P(select male student)¿ =
36 9

Progress Tracker 4
Section A
3x 2
1a) + <x
24 3 3 x
<x−
32 x 4
<
38 4
<x
3
1b)

2) The labels are not uniform in the ‘after’ dot diagram.

3a) 37 cm ² :592 km²

2
37 cm ² :592× 100000 cm²
12
1 cm ²: 0.16 ×10 cm²
1 cm: √ 0.16 ×61012 cm
1 cm: 0.4 ×10 cm
1 :400000
1
3b) Length on map¿ × 3.2× 100000=0.8 cm
400000
0.32
3c) Actual area of lake¿ ×592=5.12 km²
37

k
4a) y= 2
, where k is a constant
x
Let x 0 be the value of x when y=8.
k = yx=8 x 0
When x increases by 300%, x 0 ⇒ 4 x 0
4 x 0 ( y )=k=8 x 0
 8 x0
y= =2
4 x0
The new value of y is 0.5.
0.5−8
4b) Percentage change in y= × 100 %=−93.75 %
8
5a) ( x +3 y )( 4 y−2 x )−13 x (x−4 y )
¿ ( 4 xy−2 x 2+12 y 2−6 xy ) −(13 x 2−52 xy)
2 2 2
¿ 4 xy−2 2
x +122 y −6 xy−13 x +52 xy
¿−15 x +12 y + 50 xy
5b) ( a+ b )2=a2+22 ab+b 2
2 ab=2( a+b2 ) −( a 2+ b22 )=14−46=−32
( a−b ) =a −2 ab +b =( a2 +b 2) −2 ab=46−(−32)=78
2 2 2 2
6ai) 16 a −25 b =( 4 a ) −( 5 b ) =(4 a−5 b)(4 a+ 5 b)
6aii) 10 j−4 kj−15 m+ 6 km
¿ 2 j ( 5−2 k ) −3 m(5−2 k )
¿(2 j−3 m)(5−2 k )
2
6b) 4 n +12 n+5=(2 n+5)(2 n+1)
For an odd integer n , 2 n+1 is an odd integer and 2 n+5 is an odd integer.
The product of 2 odd integers is again an odd integer, thus 4 n2 +12 n+5 is odd.
For an even integer n , 2 n+1 is an odd integer and 2 n+5is an odd integer. The same argument
holds and there the expression 4 n2 +12 n+5 is always odd.

7a) ∠ CDE=∠ CAB=69 °

∠ DEB=∠ CDE+∠ DEC =69+62=131 ° (external angle of ∆ CDE ¿
DE DC 12 12 2
7b) = = = =
AB 2AC 30+12 42 7
DE= ( 49 )=14 cm
7
2 2
8ai) v2 =u2 +2 as
u =v −2 as
u=± √ v 2−2 as
8aii) u=± √ 14 2−2(2)(42.75)=± √ 25=−5 ,5
9 xy 2 x + xy
8b) ÷
16 a 12 a2 2
9 xy 12 a
¿ ×
16
9 xya 212 x+axy
2
¿ ×
9 ya 3x a( 2+ y )
16
¿ ×
427 ay2+ y
¿
4 (2+ y )

9) 6 x−45=4 y - - - (1)
5 y +2 x +32.5=0 - - - (2)
From (2),
2 x=−32.5−5 y
6 x=3 (−32.5−5 y )=−97.5−15 y - - - (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
−97.5−15 y−45=4 y
15 y +4 y=−97.5−45
19 y=−142.5
−142.5
y= =−7.5
19
Substitute y=−7.5into ( 1 ) :
 6 x=4 (−7.5 ) + 45=15
15
x= =2.5
6
∴ x=2.5 , y=−7.5
9
10a) Radius of cone¿ =4.5 cm
2
Total surface area of cone
2
¿ π ( 4.5 ) + π (4.5)(7.5)
¿ 170 cm² (3 s.f.)

10b) Let h be the height of the cone.

2 2 2
V B =h +O B
2 2 2
h =7.5 −4.5 =36
h=√ 36=6
Volume of cone
1 2
¿ π ( 4.5 ) (6)
3
¿ 127 cm ³( 3 s . f .)
11) Cost of Malaysian detergent in SGD ¿ 0.338 ×16.20=$ 5.4756
5.4756
Cost per litre of Malaysian detergent¿ =$ 1.30
4.2
4.90
Cost per litre of Singaporean detergent¿ =$ 1.29
3.8
The washing detergent sold at the supermarket in Singapore is more value for money as the cost
per litre of detergent is lower.
20
12a) Number of artists required¿ × 20=25
16
6
12b) Number of installations done on day 1 ¿ × 16=12
825 12
Number of installations done on day 2= × ×16=30
20 8
Total number of installations done¿ 12+30=42
0−2
13ai) Gradient of L= =−0.625
3.2−0
13aii) Consider the point ( 0 , 2 ) on the line:
2=−0.625 ( 0 ) +c
c=2
y=−0.625 x +2

13bi)

1
13bii) Area of figure¿ ( 2+5 ) ( 5 )=17.5 units²
2
Section B
7
1ai) P(choose a consonant)¿
12
1aii) P(choose letter H)¿ 0

1b) Current number of vowels¿ 5

Current number of letters¿ 12
5+ n
=0.5
12+ n
2 ( 5+n ) =12+ n
10+2 n=12+ n
2 n−n=12−10
n=2
120
2a) h
x
120 120
2b) = −5
x+2
120 120−5x x
=
x+2 x
120 x=( x+2)(120−5 x )
2
1202 x=120 x−5 x +240−10 x
5 x 2+120 x−120 x +10 x−240=0
5 x +10 x−240=0
2
x + 2 x−48=0
2
2c) x + 2 x−48=0
( x +8 ) ( x−6 )=0
x +8=0 or x−6=0
x=−8 or x=6
We reject x=−8 as Calvin’s speed cannot have a negative value, thus, x=6.
120
Time taken to complete the ultramarathon ¿ =20 h
6
3a) Greatest common divisor¿ 2 ×3 ×7=42

3b) k =3 ×11=33
2 2 2
3c) h=2 × 3× 7 ×11 =71148
4a) 13
14 ( 1 )+ 13 ( 2 )+ x ( 3 ) +9 ( 4 ) +7 ( 5 ) + 4 ( 6 ) 135+3 x
4b) 2.6= =
6+14+ 13+ x+ 9+7+ 4 53+ x
2.6 ( 53+ x )=135+ 3 x
137.8+2.6 x=135+ 3 x
3 x−2.6 x=137.8−135
0.4 x=2.8
10
x= ( 2.8 )=7
4
53+ x+1 x
4c) Middle position¿ =27+
x 2 2
We require 27+ to fall in class 2.
x 2
27+ =6+14 +13
x 2
=6
2
x=2 ( 6 ) =12
AD AD
5ai) sin ∠ ACD= =
AC 17
AD=17 sin ( 41 ° )=11.2 cm ( 3 s . f . )
 AD 11.15
5aii) sin ∠ ABD= = =0.7534
AB 14.8
−1
∠ ABD=sin ( 0.7534 )=48.9 ° (1 d . p .)
5b) Let E be the point on AC such that ED is the shortest distance
from D to AC. Note that ED is parallel to AB.
If ∠ CAB is a right angle, then ∠ ABC=180−90−41=49 °
∠ EDC=∠ ABC=49 ° (corresponding ∠ s are equal)
∠ ADE=∠ ADC −∠ EDC=90−49=41 °
ED ED
cos ∠ ADE= =
AD 11.15
ED = 11.15 cos(41°) = 8.42 cm (3 s.f.)

6ai) Dataset arranged in ascending order: 2800, 3100, 3400, 3600, 3700, 4200, 4300, 4600, 4800,
5000, 8700, 9800
12+1
Middle position¿ =6.5
2
4200+ 4300
Median¿ =$ 4250
2

6aii) Mean
2800+3100+3400+3600+3700+ 4200+ 4300+4600+ 4800+5000+ 9700+9800 58000
¿ =
12 12
¿ $ 4833.33 (2 d.p.)
15+1
6bi) Middle position¿ =8
2
Median class is $ 4000< x ≤ $ 5000.

3 ( 3.5 ) +5 ( 4.5 ) +7 ( 5.5 ) 71500

6bii) Mean¿ 1000 × = =$ 4766.67 (2 d.p.)
15 15

6c) Company B offers new employees a higher salary as on average, the mean monthly salary is
higher than Company A.
2
8a) a=0.5 ( 4 ) −4 ( 4 ) +12=4
8b)

8c) t=1.55 , 6.45

8d) t=4

8e) t=8 s

7a) S13=13+21+29+ ( 29+8 ) =100

7b) Sn=n+ ( n+8 )+ ( n+2 ( 8 ) ) + ( n+3 ( 8 ) )=4 n+ 6 ( 8 )=4 n+ 48

7c) Sn=4 n+ 48=4 (n+12) is always divisible by 4 as the expression has the factors 4 and n+12.
Thus when divided by 4, the quotient is n+12 , an integer.
( 6−2 ) ×180
9a) Interior angle of hexagon¿ =120°
6
9bi) Let X be the midpoint of FE such that OX is perpendicular to FE .
∠ FOE=360 ÷ 6=60 °
In ∆ OFE , OF =OE, hence ∆ OFE is an isosceles triangle.
∠ OFE=( 180−60 ) ÷2=60 °(base ∠ s of an isos . ∆ are equal)
OX OX
tan∠ OFE= =
FX 1.5
OX =1.5 tan ( 60 ° )=2.598
1 1
Area of∆ OFE= ( OX ) ( FE )= ( 2.598 ) ( 3 )=3.897
2 2
Base area of right pyramid ¿ 6 ( 3.897 )=23.4 cm² (3 s.f.)

9bii) Note that ∠ OFE=∠OEF=∠ FOE=60 ° , hence ∆ FOE is an equilateral triangle.

OE=FE=3 cm
VO VO
tan∠ VEO= =
OE 3
VO=¿3tan(45°) = 3 cm

9c) Volume of juicer¿ ()

1 4
2 3
1
( π ) (3.5 )3+ ( 23.4 ) ( 3 )=113 cm³ (3 s.f.)
3