HAR HAR MHADEV

SHUBHAM GUPTA
ECAP785: WEB PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION
SELF ASSESSMENT:

UNIT:1
1.

What does the term "render blocking" refers to in web performance?

The process of displaying content on a web page

The delay caused by external resources needed to render a web page
The process of optimizing JavaScript code for faster execution
The technique of preloading resources for faster page load
2.

What is the purpose of minification in web performance optimization?

Reducing the number of HTTP requests

Compressing images to a smaller file size
Removing unnecessary characters and white spaces from code
Prioitizing visible content for faster rendering
3.

Which HTTP header can be used to enable browser caching of static resources?

Expires
Cache-Control
Last-Modified
ETag
4.

What does the term "above the fold" refer to in web performance?
 The part of the webpage that is visible without scrolling
The process of lazy-loading images and videos
The technique of compressing CSS files
The practice of minifying JavaScript files
5.

What does a high Time to First Byte (TTFB) indicate?

The time taken to download all resources on a web page

The time taken to fully render a web page
The time taken for the server to respond to a request
The time taken to load the CSS stylesheets on a web page
6.

What is the purpose of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) in web performance?

Encrypting user data for secure transmission

Optimizing database queries for faster retrieval
Distributing website content across multiple servers
Caching DNS records for faster domain resolution
7.

Which of the following techniques can help reduce the file size of images for better web
performance?

Gzip compression
Minification
Image compression
Browser caching
8.

What does the term "lazy loading" refer to in web performance?

Delaying the execution of JavaScript code until needed

Prioritizing the loading of critical CSS files.
Loading images or content as the user scrolls down the page
Caching static resources in the browser for faster access
9.

Which of the following techniques can improve mobile web performance?

responsive design
Code minification
Browser caching
All of the above
10.

What does the PageSpeed Insights tool measure?

Web page loading speed

Mobile-friendliness of a website
Optimization suggestions for better performance
All of the above
11.

Which HTTP header field is used to indicate a persistent connection?

Connection
Keep-Alive
Upgrade
Content-Length
12.

What is the advantage of using persistent connections in a web application?

It reduces the latency for each request by eliminating connection setup time.
It provides stronger encryption and security for data transmission.
It allows for concurrent processing of multiple requests on the server.
It enables caching of resources on the client-side for offline access.
13.

Which version of HTTP introduced persistent connections as the default behavior?

HTTP/0.9
HTTP/1.0
 HTTP/1.1
HTTP/2.0
14.

What is parallel downloading in the context of web performance?

Downloading mutliple files simultaneously

Downloading files sequentially, one after another
Downloading files using multiple internet connections
Downloading files with high-speed internet connections
15.

How does parallel downloading improve web performance?

It reduces the time taken to establish a connection with the server.

It allows for faster retrieval of resources by utilizing multiple connections.
It compresses files to reduce their size before downloading.
It prioritizes critical resources for faster downloading.

UNIT :2
1.

What is client-side caching?

Storing web resources on the server

Storing web resources on the client's device
Storing web resources in a proxy server
Storing web resources in a content delivery network
2.

What is the purpose of client-side caching?

To reduce server load

To improve website performance
To minimize network congestion
All of the above
3.

Which type of resources can be stored in client-side caching?

HTML pages
CSS files
JavaScript files
All of the above
4.

How does client-side caching improve performance?

By reducing the need for repeated server requests

By speeding up page load times
By reducing bandwidth consumption
All of the above
5.

Which HTTP headers are commonly used for client-side caching?

"Cache-Control" and "Expires"

"Server" and "Content-Type"
"Location" and "Authorization"
"User-Agent" and "Referer"
6.

Where is the client-side cache typically located?

On the web server

In the user's web browser
On a proxy server
On a content delivery network
7.

How does client-side caching affect bandwidth consumption?

It increases bandwidth usage

It has no impact on bandwidth usage
 It decreases bandwidth usage
It depends on the size of the cached resources
8.

What is an important consideration when using client-side caching?

Handling cache invalidation

Maximizing server load
Minimizing client-side storage
Disabling caching for all resources
9.

What is DNS caching?

Storing website content on the client's device.

Storing DNS records on the client's device.
Storing website content on the DNS server.
Storing DNS records on the DNS server.
10.

What is the purpose of DNS caching?

To improve website performance.

To reduce DNS lookup time.
To reduce network congestion.
All of the above
11.

Where does DNS caching occur?

On the client's device.

On the DNS server.
On the web server.
On the ISP's network.
12.

How does DNS caching improve performance?

 By reducing the need for repeated DNS lookups.
By speeding up the resolution of domain names to IP addresses.
By reducing network latency.
All of the above
13.

Which type of DNS records can be cached?

A records
CNAME records
MX records
All of the above.
14.

Which resources can be prefetched?

HTML pages.
CSS files.
JavaScript files.
All of the above.
15.

What is the purpose of prefetching?

To improve website performance.

To reduce latency
To preload resources for future use.
All of the above

UNIT:3
1.

Which of the following compression algorithms is widely used for web content?

Gzip
Brotli
 Lempel-Ziv
Deflate
2.

What is the benefit of compressing web resources like CSS and JavaScript?

Faster page loading times

Improved search engine rankings
Enhanced website design
Better accessibility
3.

Which function is used to enable output buffering in PHP?

ob_flush()
ob_start()
ob_end_clean()
ob_gzhandler()
4.

What does the Accept-Encoding header in an HTTP request indicate?

The type of compression used by the client

The type of compression used by the server
The preferred encoding for the response
The supported media types by the client
5.

Which image format is generally preferred for photographs due to its better compression?

PNG
GIF
BMP
JPEG
6.

Which transfer encoding method allows data to be sent in small, discrete chunks?
 Chunked Encoding
Identity Encoding
Gzip Encoding
Brotli Encoding
7.

Which server-side configuration can automatically handle compression web resources?

PHP configuration
HTML settings
JavaScript environment
Web server configurations
8.

What is the primary purpose of content compression in web development?

Enhancing website design

Increasing server processing power
Improving website performance
Reducing the number of HTTP requests
9.

Which compression format offers better compression ratios but requires higher processing
power?

Gzip
Brotli
Deflate
Identity
10.

Which file type is commonly used for web fonts and can be compressed for improved loading
times?

TTF
OTF
WOFF
 SVG
11.

What are PHP-generated pages?

Web pages created using PHP programming language

Web pages generated dynamically on the client-side
Static HTML pages without any server-side processing
Web pages generated by JavaScript code
12.

What is the benefit of compressing PHP-generated pages before sending them to the client's
browser?

Reduces the number of PHP functions used

Improves server performance
Reduces the size of data transmitted, leading to faster page loading times
Allows for better code organization in PHP scripts
13.

Which of the following is a popular compression algorithm used for PHP generated pages?

JPEG
Gzip
Brotli
GIF
14.

What is the advantage of compressing PHP-generated pages for a website's performance?

It reduces the number of PHP files required for a website.

It prevents PHP scripts from being accessed by unauthorized users.
It reduces server-side processing time and network bandwidth usage.
It allows PHP developers to use more complex coding techniques.
UNIT:4
1.
What is the primary goal of CSS minification?

Improving Code Readability

Reducing File Size For Faster Loading
Enhancing Cross-Browser Compatibility
Adding New Styles To A Webpage
2.

Which of the following is typically removed during CSS minification?

Class and ID names

Shorthand CSS properties
CSS comments (/* ... */) WRONG ANSWER
All of the above
3.

What does HTML minification involve?

Removing unnecessary characters from HTML code

Changing the visual appearance of a web page
Converting HTML to a different markup language
Adding JavaScript code to HTML files
4.

Why is it important to be cautious when minifying HTML?

Minification doesn't have any impact on HTML code.

It may alter the core functionality of the web page.
Minified HTML files cannot be read by web browsers.
HTML minification is an automatic process with no risks.
5.

What is the purpose of JavaScript minification?

To enhance the performance of server-side code.

To make JavaScript code more readable for developers.
To reduce file size and improve loading times.
 To add new features and functionality to a website.
6.

Which of the following is not a typical optimization done during JavaScript minification?

Removing whitespace and comments

Shortening variable and function names
Concatenating multiple JavaScript files
Adding new JavaScript libraries to the code
7.

Which web development process includes the usage of minification techniques?

User interface design

Front-end development
Back-end development
Database management
8.

What can be a potential drawback of aggressive minification?

Increased file size

Slower loading times
Broken Functionality
Improved code readability
9.

Which asset type is typically NOT minified in the web development process?

HTML files
CSS files
Image files (e.g., JPG, PNG)
JavaScript files
10.

Which of the following is NOT a common technique used in JavaScript minification?

Renaming function names to shorter versions

 Replacing variables with their initial values
Removing JavaScript comments ( / / ...)
Translating JavaScript code to a different language
11.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of CSS minification?

Faster loading times

Improved code readability
Reduced bandwidth usage
Enhanced user experience
12.

What can be a potential risk of aggressive CSS minification?

Increased specificity of CSS selectors

Compatibility issues with older browsers
Loss of important CSS properties
Improved performance in slow network conditions
13.

Which HTML elements are typically preserved during minification?

All elements are preserved ()

Only the essential elements for page structure
Only the inline elements
Only the block-level elements
14.

Why is HTML minification essential for mobile web development?

It improves battery life on mobile devices.

Mobile browsers cannot interpret unminified HTML.
Smaller file size reduces mobile data usage.
Minified HTML ensures responsive designs.
15.
What is the purpose of using source maps in JavaScript minification?

To display JavaScript errors in the browser console

To debug the original unminified JavaScript code
To improve the performance of minified scripts
To hide the source code from unauthorized access
UNIT :5
1.

What does the DOM stand for in web development?

Document Object Model

Document Overlapping Model
Data Object Manipulation
Dynamic Order Management
2.

Which programming interface allows developers to interact with and manipulate elements on a
web page using languages like JavaScript?

CSS
HTML
DOM
PHP
3.

Which of the following statements about the DOM is true?

The DOM is only relevant for server-side programming.

The DOM is a representation of a webpage's layout and design.
The DOM allows dynamic modification of webpage content.
The DOM is not accessible to JavaScript.
4.

Which property of a DOM element allows you to access its parent node?

parentNode
 parent
parentElement
parentDOM
5.

Which method is used to create a new HTML element in the DOM using JavaScript?

createNode()
createElement()
makeElement()
newElement()
6.

Which of the following events is an example of user interaction that can be captured using the
DOM?

Server restart
Mouse click
Browser update
Network request
7.

What is the purpose of event listeners in the context of the DOM?

They define the layout of a webpage.

They enable interaction with database.
They handle asynchronous operations.
They respond to specific events on DOM elements.
8.

Which DOM property is used to change the text content of an HTML element?

innerHTML
textContent
innerText
contentText
9.
What does the term "Ajax" stand for in web development?

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

Active JavaScript and XML
Advanced JSON and XML
Automated JavaScript and XML
10.

What is the primary advantage of using Ajax in web applications?

It allows synchronous communication with the server.

It simplifies complex JavaScript code.
It enables seamless asynchronous communication with the server.
It eliminates the need for JavaScript in web development.
11.

Which of the following components is commonly used to perform an Ajax request?

XMLHttpRequest
WebSockets
Document Object Model (DOM)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
12.

In Ajax, what does the term "asynchronous" refer to?

Data being sent and received in JSON format.

Multiple requests being handled sequentially.
Data exchange between client and server.
Requests and responses occurring independently of page reloading.
13.

Which API is a modern alternative to XMLHttpRequest for making Ajax requests?

JSONP API
Fetch API
DOM API
 Async API
14.

What does CORS stand for in the context of Ajax communication?

Cross-Origin Response Sharing

Client-Origin Resource Sharing
Cross-Origin Request Security
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
15.

How do you handle asynchronous responses in Ajax?

Using callbacks or promises

Using synchronous function calls
By reloading the entire webpage
By using separate threads for each request
UNIT: 6
1.

What does PHP stand for?

Personal Hypertext Processor

Preformatted Hypertext Pages
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
Private Home Pages
2.

Which of the following is NOT a standard PHP data type?

integer
float
boolean
struct
3.

Which PHP function is used to start a new session?

 start_session()
session_open()
session_start()
new_session()
4.

PHP extensions are written in which programming language?

PHP
Java
Python
C
5.

What is the primary purpose of an opcode cache like OPcache?

Encrypting PHP code for security

Compiling PHP code into machine code
Storing compiled opcodes in memory for faster execution
Running PHP scripts as standalone execulables
6.

Which function is used to load a PHP extension dynamically?

require_extension()
include_extension()
load_extension()
dl()
7.

What is the role of the configure script during PHP compilation?

Running the compiled PHP code

Creating an executable binary from PHP source code
Generating build system files and checking dependencies
Enabling all available extensions
8.
Which PHP superglobal array is used to store session data?

$_SESSION
$_GLOBALS
$_SERVER
$_REQUEST
9.

What does XHProf help you analyze and optimize?

JavaScript code
CSS stylesheets
PHP code performance
Database queries
10.

What's the purpose of an opcode cache in PHP?

To compile PHP scripts into machine code

To encrypt and protect PHP code
To store and reuse compiled opcodes for better performance
To optimize network communication in PHP applications
11.

What is a "code profiler" used for in PHP optimization?

Generating obfuscated PHP code

Tracing code execution and measuring performance
Automatically fixing coding errors
Ensuring compatibility with older PHP versions
12.

What is the purpose of using opcode caches like OPcache or APC in PHP optimization?

To obfuscate PHP code for better security

To replace regular PHP scripts with optimized machine code
To store and reuse compiled opcodes for faster execution
 To prevent certain functions from being executed
13.

Which PHP extension helps you monitor code execution, including function calls and memory
usage?

profiler
xhprof
monitor
debug
14.

What does "caching" refer to in the context of optimizing PHP applications?

Storing PHP code in a compressed format

Generating code that is hard to reverse-engineer
Storing and reusing data to reduce redundant computations
Using inline code to improve performance
15.

Which PHP extension can help you manage memory usage and detect memory leaks?

memcache
memcached
memory_management
xdebug

UNIT: 7
1.

What is the primary function of a web server?

Sending emails

Playing videos

Storing databases

Delivering web content

2.
Which protocol is commonly used for communication between a web client (browser) and a web server?

FTP

SMTP

HTTP

DNS
3.

Which web server software is known for its efficiency and lightweight design, often used as a reverse proxy?

Apache

Nginx

IIS

LiteSpeed
4.

What does the term "reverse proxy" refer to in the context of web servers?

A server that responds to clients' requests for web content.

A server that stores and serves web files.

A server that forwards requests to backend servers, enhancing security and performance.

A server that stores databases and manages user accounts.

5.

What is the purpose of load balancing in a web server environment?

Balancing the load between clients and servers.

Distributing static content to clients.

Minimizing server security risks.

Distributing incoming requests among multiple servers for improved performance.

6.

Which component of a web server is responsible for interpreting server-side scripting languages like PHP?

Cache

Proxy server

Web browser

Module (e.g., mod_php in Apache)

7.
Which web server software is commonly used in Microsoft Windows environments?

Apache

Nginx

LiteSpeed

Internet Information Services (IIS)

8.

What does SSL/TLS encryption provide in a web server context?

Faster page loading times

Increased server performance

Secure communication between the client and server

Higher server storage capacity

9.

Which term refers to a situation where a single physical server hosts multiple websites using separate configurations?

Load Balancing

Virtualization

Clustering

Caching
10.

What type of server is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses?

Web server

File server

DNS server

Database server
11.

Which of the following is a popular open-source web server software?

IIS

LiteSpeed

Apache

Nginx
12.
Which module is commonly used to integrate PHP with the Apache web server?

mod_php

mod_ssl

mod_proxy

mod_rewrite
13.

What is the primary function of the Apache web server?

Managing databases

Handling email communication

Delivering web content

Running virtual machines

14.

Which configuration file is commonly used to modify settings for the Apache web server?

httpd.conf

server.cfg

apache.ini

config.xml
15.

Which directive is used to specify the web server's document root directory in the Apache configuration?

ServerRoot

DocumentRoot

WebRoot

RootDirectory

UNIT 8
.1.Which configuration parameter in MySQL is used to allocate memory for storing frequently accessed index blocks?

query_cache_size

innodb_buffer_pool_size

key_buffer_size

table_cache
2.
Which storage engine in MySQL is known for its support of ACID transactions, crash recovery, and foreign key
constraints?

MyISAM

InnoDB

MEMORY

ARCHIVE
3.

Which MySQL tool provides insight into query execution plans and helps identify performance bottlenecks?

mysqlcheck

mysqladmin

EXPLAIN

mysqldump
4.

In a highly concurrent environment, which type of locking does MyISAM use for its operations?

Row-level locking

Page-level locking

Table-level locking

Database-level locking
5.

Which MySQL command is used to analyze and optimize MySQL query performance by identifying slow queries
and query patterns?

SHOW PROCESSLIST

SHOW QUERIES

SHOW STATUS

pt-query-digest
6.

Which of the following storage engines in MySQL supports full-text indexing and searching?

InnoDB

MyISAM

MEMORY

CSV
7.

Which MySQL feature can help improve read scalability and high availability by maintaining copies of the master
database on slave servers?

Indexing

Replication

Sharding

Partitioning
8.

What is the primary benefit of using the InnoDB storage engine over MyISAM?

Higher write performance

Table-level locking

Full-text indexing

ACID transaction support

9.

Which MySQL configuration parameter defines the maximum number of concurrent connections to the MySQL
server?

max_connections

thread_cache_size

table_cache

query_cache_size
10.

Which MySQL command is used to repair and optimize MyISAM tables to fix table corruption and minimize
fragmentation?

REPAIR TABLE

OPTIMIZE TABLE

CHECK TABLE

ALTER TABLE
11.

Which MySQL storage engine is optimized for high-performance write-intensive workloads and provides features
like hot backups and online schema changes?

MyISAM

InnoDB
 MEMORY

TokuDB
12.

Which MySQL command is used to analyze and optimize MySQL table structures, eliminating overhead and
fragmentation?

REPAIR TABLE

OPTIMIZE TABLE

ANALYZE TABLE

CHECK TABLE
13.

Which storage engine in MySQL is commonly used for temporary data storage and caching due to its fast access
times, but does not provide data persistence?

InnoDB

MyISAM

MEMORY

ARCHIVE
14.

Which MySQL tool can be used to generate and analyze execution plans for SQL statements to identify potential
performance bottlenecks?

mysqladmin

EXPLAIN

pt-query-digest

mysqlanalyze
15.

Which MySQL tool is commonly used for performing backups and restores while ensuring data consistency across
tables and databases?

mysqlbackup

mysqldump

mysqlrestore

mysqlbackup-restore

UNIT :9
1.
For which of these storage engines are configuration options always built?

Falcon

FEDERATED

InnoDB

MyISAM
2.

The storage engine for which the runtime options are always enabled is ______________

Falcon

FEDERATED

InnoDB

MEMORY
3.

The most important configurable resource for MyISAM is ______________

key cache

memory cache

time cache

speed cache
4.

Which system variable enables mysqld to keep more tables open simultaneously?

table_cache

max_connect

delayed_queue_size

max_allowed_packet
5.

mnp in the following MySQL statement is __________

CREATE VIEW mnp AS SELECT a, b FROM t;

table

column

view

database
6.

Which system variable controls the size of the table cache?

 table_cache

cache_table

open_cache

cache_open
7.

In MySQL, the default size of the key buffer in MB is _________________

16

32
8.

All queries can be cached.

True

False
9.

Installing more memory into the machine enables to configure larger values for cache server.

True

False
10.

When optimizing a slow SQL query, what should be the first step taken?

Add more columns to the SELECT clause for comprehensive results.

Remove all indexes to improve insert and update performance.

Analyze the query execution plan and identify bottlenecks.

Increase the length of the WHERE clause for precision.

11.

Which SQL optimization technique involves reducing the number of database requests by combining multiple
queries into a single query?

Indexing

Normalization

Query caching

Query batching
12.
Which of the following techniques can help optimize a SQL query's performance?

Using SELECT * to retrieve all columns.

Avoiding the use of indexes to speed up data modification operations.

Breaking down complex queries into smaller, simpler subqueries.

Using DISTINCT on all columns to remove duplicates.

13.

What is query caching in the context of SQL optimization?

Caching the query execution plan for future use.

Storing query results in an external cache for faster retrieval.

Caching user credentials for secure access to the database.

Caching data changes to be applied later.

14.

Which storage engine stores data in plain text files and is primarily used for exporting data?

ARCHIVE

CSV

MEMORY

InnoDB
15.

Which storage engine is known for its fast read operations and is suitable for read-intensive workloads, but lacks
support for transactions and foreign keys?

InnoDB

MyISAM

MEMORY

ARCHIVE

UNIT:10
1.

What is MySQL Replication?

The process of creating a backup of the entire MySQL database.

The process of synchronizing data between different database management systems.

The process of copying data from one MySQL database to another, making them consistent over time.
 The process of encrypting data within a MySQL database to enhance security.
2.

Which component of MySQL Replication is responsible for capturing changes from the master database?

Replication Monitor

Replication Slave

Replication Agent

Replication Binlog
3.

What is database sharding?

The process of optimizing a database for read-heavy workloads.

A technique to divide a database into smaller, independent shards to distribute data and improve scalability.

The process of encrypting sensitive data within a database.

A method to create automated backups of a database.

4.

Which of the following is the most common type of MySQL replication?

Master-slave replication

Master-master replication

Multi-master replication

Cluster replication
5.

Which of the following is a benefit of using MySQL replication?

Increased availability

Increased scalability

Increased performance

All of the above

6.

Which of the following is a drawback of using MySQL replication?

It can be complex to set up and manage.

It can add latency to database operations.

It can increase the risk of data corruption.

 All of the above
7.

Which of the following is the process of dividing a database across multiple servers?

Sharding

Replication

Replication factor

Shard key
8.

What is a shard key?

A column or set of columns that is used to determine which shard a row should be placed on.

A server that is responsible for storing a subset of data from a database.

A process that divides a database across multiple servers.

A way to increase the availability of a database.

9.

What are the benefits of using MySQL sharding?

Increased scalability

Increased availability

Increased performance

All of the above

10.

What are the drawbacks of using MySQL sharding?

It can be complex to set up and manage.

It can add latency to database operations.

It can increase the risk of data corruption.

All of the above

11.

Which of the following is not a common way to implement MySQL sharding?

Horizontal sharding

Vertical sharding

Token sharding
 Range sharding
12.

Which of the following is a good complement to MySQL for storing large amounts of data?

MongoDB

Cassandra

Elasticsearch

All of the above

13.

Which of the following is a good complement to MySQL for real-time analytics?

Hadoop

Spark

Kafka

All of the above

14.

Which of the following is a good complement to MySQL for NoSQL data?

Amazon DynamoDB

Google Cloud Datastore

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

All of the above

15.

What is MySQL partitioning?

A way to divide a database table into smaller, more manageable pieces.

A way to increase the performance of a database table.

A way to improve the scalability of a database table.

All of the above

UNIT:11
1.

What does "NoSQL" stand for in the context of databases?

Non-SQL
 Not Only SQL

New SQL

Non-relational SQL
2.

Which of the following is a common characteristic of NoSQL databases?

Strict schema and table structures

ACID transactions

High scalability and flexibility

Fixed data model

3.

Which type of NoSQL database is best suited for handling highly interconnected data, such as social networks or
recommendation systems?

Document store

Key-value store

Graph database

Column-family store
4.

In a key-value store, what is used as the primary method for data retrieval and storage?

Tables

Documents

Keys and values

Rows and columns

5.

Which NoSQL database is often associated with JSON-like documents and is commonly used for web applications?

MongoDB

Cassandra

Redis

Couchbase
6.

What is the primary advantage of using a column-family store NoSQL database like Apache Cassandra?
 High write throughput and scalability

Strong consistency guarantees

Schema flexibility

Efficient support for complex queries

7.

Which NoSQL database is known for its in-memory data store and is commonly used for caching and real-time
analytics?

MongoDB

Cassandra

Redis

Couchbase
8.

Which consistency model in NoSQL databases sacrifices immediate consistency for higher availability and partition
tolerance?

Strong consistency

Eventual consistency

Causal consistency

Linearizability
9.

What is sharding in the context of NoSQL databases?

The process of indexing documents for fast retrieval

A data distribution technique to horizontally partition data across multiple servers

A method for defining complex relationships between data

A way to ensure immediate consistency in distributed systems

10.

Which NoSQL database model is typically associated with wide-column stores and is used for handling large
amounts of data with high write throughput?

Document store

Key-value store

Graph database

Column-family store
11.
Which NoSQL database is designed for handling highly interconnected data and uses nodes and edges to represent
and store data?

Cassandra

MongoDB

Redis

Neo4j
12.

What is the primary use case for a column-family store NoSQL database like Apache Cassandra?

Real-time analytics

High write throughput and scalability

Document storage

Caching
13.

Which NoSQL database is often associated with a query language called "CQL" (Cassandra Query Language)?

MongoDB

Cassandra

Redis

Couchbase
14.

What does the "CAP theorem" state regarding distributed databases?

Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - choose any two

Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - choose all three

Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - choose one

Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - none are achievable simultaneously

15.

Which NoSQL database is designed for high-speed data ingestion and querying of time-series data?

Cassandra

MongoDB

InfluxDB

Couchbase
UNIT:12
1.

Which of the following is the best image format for photographs?

JPEG

PNG

GIF

SVG
2.

Which of the following is the best image format for logos and illustrations?

JPEG

PNG

GIF

SVG
3.

Which of the following is the best way to reduce the size of an image without losing too much quality?

Use a lossless compression algorithm

Use a lossy compression algorithm

Resize the image to a smaller size

All of the above

4.

Which of the following HTML attributes is used to specify the alt text for an image?

alt

title

src

href
5.

Which of the following tools can be used to optimize web graphics?

Photoshop

GIMP
 ImageOptim

All of the above

6.

What does "image optimization" refer to in web graphics?

Making images larger for better quality

Compressing and reducing image file sizes for faster loading

Adding more images to a webpage for visual appeal

Enhancing images with advanced filters and effects

7.

Which image file format is typically recommended for photographs and images with many colors, while maintaining
good quality and compression?

PNG

GIF

JPEG

SVG
8.

When should you use responsive images in web design?

Only for high-resolution displays

Always, to ensure images adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions

Only for small mobile devices

Only for desktop computers

9.

What is the purpose of lazy loading images on a web page?

To hide images from users until they click on them

To load images gradually as the user scrolls, reducing initial page load time

To display placeholder images while the actual images load

To prevent images from loading altogether

10.

Which of the following is a technique for optimizing vector graphics?

Rasterization
 Lossless compression

Pixelation

Anti-aliasing
11.

Which of the following is the HTML tag used to insert an image in a web page?

12.

Which of the following attributes is used to specify the location of the image file?

src

href

alt

title
13.

Which of the following attributes is used to specify the alt text for an image?

alt

title

src

width
14.

Which of the following image formats is best for photographs?

JPEG

PNG

GIF

SVG

UNIT:13
1.

Which of the following is NOT a common technique for optimizing CSS?

 CSS minification

CSS concatenation

CSS nesting

CSS compression
2.

What does the term "render-blocking" refer to in the context of CSS optimization?

CSS code that slows down page rendering

CSS files that prevent HTML parsing

CSS files that load asynchronously

CSS animations that block user interactions

3.

Which CSS property can be used to group multiple selectors and apply the same styles to them?

cascade

combine

concatenate

comma
4.

When should you consider using CSS sprites for optimizing web images?

For all images on a webpage

For small, non-repeating images

For large background images

For responsive images

5.

Which CSS feature is used for defining and using reusable values in your stylesheets?

CSS animations

CSS variables (custom properties)

CSS pseudo-classes

CSS transitions
6.

What is "Critical CSS"?

CSS code that's critical for SEO

 CSS code that's essential for web accessibility

The portion of CSS required for above-the-fold content

A CSS framework for critical website components

7.

Which CSS layout model is designed for creating grid-based layouts with ease?

Flexbox

Floats

Positioning

Inline-block
8.

Which CSS property can you use to control the stacking order of elements on a webpage?

z-index

position

order

display
9.

To improve website performance, which HTTP header can be used to enable browser caching of CSS files?

Cache-Control

Content-Encoding

Expires

User-Agent
10.

What is the purpose of CSS media queries in the context of optimization?

To specify the type of media for a webpage

To define styles for specific screen sizes and devices

To block certain media types from loading

To create media-rich content with CSS animations

11.

What does CSS stand for?

Computer Style Sheets

 Cascading Style Sheets

Colorful Style Sheets

Creative Style Sheets

12.

Which HTML tag is used to include an external CSS file?

13.

In CSS, how do you select an element with the class name "example"?

.element:example

element.example

.example
14.

Which property is used to change the text color in CSS?

color

text-color

font-color

textColor
15.

Which CSS property is used for creating a box shadow effect?

shadow-box

box-shadow

shadow-effect

box-effect

UNIT:14
1.

What does SSL stand for?

Secure Socket Layer

 Secure Server Layer

Super Secure Layer

Safe Socket Layer

2.

Which of the following is a primary goal of SSL/TLS protocols?

Data compression

Data integrity

Data obfuscation

Data duplication
3.

In the SSL/TLS handshake process, what is the purpose of the "ClientHello" message?

Client authentication

Key exchange

Cipher suite negotiation

Server authentication
4.

Which protocol succeeded SSL and became the standard for secure communication over the internet?

TCP

HTTPS

TLS

FTPS
5.

What is the primary role of a digital certificate in SSL/TLS?

Data encryption

Data compression

Public key distribution

Data authentication
6.

Which cryptographic algorithm is widely used for data encryption in SSL/TLS?

DES
 AES

RSA

MD5
7.

What is the purpose of a Certificate Authority (CA) in SSL/TLS?

Encrypt data

Decrypt data

Authenticate the server's identity

Negotiate cipher suites

8.

Which layer of the OSI model does SSL/TLS operate at?

Data Link Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Presentation Layer
9.

What is the term for the security vulnerability where an attacker intercepts and alters the communication between a
client and a server?

Eavesdropping

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack

DDoS Attack

Buffer Overflow
10.

Which version of the TLS protocol introduced the concept of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)?

TLS 1.0

TLS 1.1

TLS 1.2

TLS 1.3
11.

What is the primary purpose of SSL/TLS in secure communication?

 Data compression

Data obfuscation

Data encryption and authentication

Data duplication
12.

During an SSL/TLS handshake, which key is used for encrypting and decrypting data?

Public key

Private key

Symmetric key

Asymmetric key
13.

What is the primary role of a digital certificate in SSL/TLS?

Data encryption

Data compression

Public key distribution

Data duplication
14.

What is the primary role of a Certificate Authority (CA) in SSL/TLS?

Encrypt data

Decrypt data

Authenticate the server's identity

Generate private keys

15.

Which cryptographic algorithm is widely used for data encryption in SSL/TLS?

DES

AES

RSA

SHA-256
~~~~~~~THANK YOU~~~~~~~