SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM

A Mini Project Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

Electronics & Communication Engineering

By
SHREYA PANDEY
(2001870310094)

SHIVANGI
(2001870310093)

SAGUN
(2001870310081)
Under the supervision of

Mrs. Kritika Singh

F.G.I.E.T.
Raebareli

FEROZE GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, RAEBARELI
November 2023
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 CERTIFICATE

This is certifying that Project Report entitled “Smart Car Parking System”

which is submitted by group members name in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the award of degree B. tech in the Department of Electronics

& Communication Engineering of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,
Lucknow is a record of the candidate own work carried out by them our

supervision. The matter embodied in this project is original and has not been
submitted for the award of any other degree.

Mrs Kritika Singh

(Assistant Professor)

(Department of Electronics & Comm. Eng.)

Mr. Nitin Pandey

(Head of the Department)

(Department of Electronics & Comm. Eng.)

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to

the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no materials
previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of
any other degree or diploma of the university or other institution of
learning, except where due to acknowledgement has been made in
the text.

Signature:

Signature:

Signature:

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 ABSTRACT

The project entitled SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM, the major

motivation of this project is to reduce the traffic congestion in roads,
multi-storeyed buildings and malls due to unavailability of parking
spaces. The project displays the nearest empty slot if present with
respect to user location. Our project aims to make efficient use of
parking spaces. We track vacant slots in the parking space and assign
that to the user. Smart parking system as described above can lead
to an error-free, reliable, secure and fast management system. In
recent times the concept of smart cities has gained great popularity.
Thanks to the evolution of the Internet of things the idea of smart city
now seems to be achievable. Consistent efforts are being made in the
field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability of
urban infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car
parking facilities and road safety are being addressed by IoT. The
proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site deployment
module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability
of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided
that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and
book a parking slot accordingly. The paper also describes a high-level
view of the system architecture. Towards the end, the paper
discusses the working of the system in form of a use case that proves
the correctness of the proposed model.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.

Tech project undertaken during B. Tech. Third Year. I owe special
debt of gratitude to Mrs. Kritika Singh Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Feroze
Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raebareli, for her
constant support and guidance throughout the course of my work.
Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant
source of inspiration for me. It is only his cognizant efforts that our
endeavours have seen light of the day.

I also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of, Dr.

Nitin Pandey Head of the Department, Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering
& Technology, Raebareli, for his full support and assistance during the
development of the project.
I also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of all faculty members of the department for their kind
assistance and cooperation during the development of my project.
Last but not the least, I acknowledge my friends for their contribution
in the completion of the project.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents Page No.

Certificate 2

Declaration 3

Abstract 4

Acknowledgement 5

Table of content 6

List of figures 8

CHAPTER 1:

Introduction 9

CHAPTER 2:

Design and Working of the Circuit 11

Hardware Requirements 13

2.1 IR Sensor 14

2.2 Arduino UNO SMD 14

2.3 Servo Motor 15

2.4 20*4 LCD Module 16

2.5 I2C Module 17

2.6 Jumping wire 18

2.7 Soldering Iron 19

Circuit Diagram 21

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Block Diagram 22

Result 23

Conclusion 23

Applications 24

Advantages 24

Limitations 24

References 25

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES Page No.

1. Actual view of smart car parking system 10

2. IR Sensor 14
3. Arduino UNO SMD 15
4. Servo Motor 16
5. 20*4 LCD Module 17
6. I2C Module 18
7. Jumping Wire 19
8. Soldering Iron 20
9. Circuit diagram 21
10. Block diagram 22

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The project entitled smart parking system is to manage all the parking
facilities to a user. The recent growth in economy and due to the
availability of low-price cars in the market, every average middle-class
individual can afford a car, which is good thing, however the
consequences of heavy traffic jams, pollution, less availability of roads
and spot to drive the motor car. One of the important concerns, which
is to be taken in accounting, is the problem of parking those vehicles.
Though, if there is space for parking the vehicle but so much time is
squandered in finding that exact parking slot resulting in more fuel
intake and not also environment friendly. It will be a great deal if in
some way we find out that the parking itself can provide the precise
vacant position of a parking slot then it'll be helpful not limited to the
drivers also for the environment. Initially in this project when the user
is about to enter the location the LCD displays shows the number of
empty and filled spots and when the user is with its vehicle near to
the parking detect sensor where they should park their vehicle.

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Fig. 1. ACTUAL VIEW OF SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM

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 CHAPTER 2

DESIGN AND WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

A. THEORY

This smart parking system project consists of Arduino, six IR

sensors, one servo motor, and one LCD display. Where the
Arduino is the main microcontroller that controls the whole
system. Two IR sensors are used at the entry and exit gates to
detect vehicle entry and exit in the parking area. And other four IR
sensors are used to detect the parking slot availability. The servo
motor is placed at the entry and exit gate that is used to open and
close the gates. Also, an LCD display is placed at the entrance,
which is used to show the availability of parking slots in the
parking area.
When a vehicle arrives at the gate of the parking area, the display
continuously shows the number of empty slots. If there have any
empty slots then the system opens the entry gate by the servo
motor. After entering the car into the parking area, when it will
occupy a slot, then the display shows this slot is full.
If there is no empty parking slot then the system displays all slots
are full and does not open the gate.

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B. WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

After assembling all components according to the circuit diagram

and uploading the code to the Arduino board. Now place the sensors
and servo motor at accurate positions.
There are four parking slots in this project, IR sensor-3, 4, 5, and 6
are placed at slot-1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. IR sensor-1 and 2 are
placed at the entry and exit gate respectively and a servo motor is
used to operate the common single entry and exit gate. The LCD
display is placed near the entry gate.
The system used IR sensor-3, 4, 5, and 6 to detect whether the
parking slot is empty or not and IR sensor-1, and 2 for detecting
vehicles arriving or not at the gate.
In the beginning, when all parking slots are empty, then the LCD
display shows all slots are empty.
When a vehicle arrives at the gate of the parking area then the IR
sensor-1 detects the vehicle and the system allowed to enter that
vehicle by opening the servo barrier. After entering into the parking
area when that vehicle occupies a slot then the LED display shows
that the slot is full. In this way, this system automatically allows 4
vehicles.
In case the parking is full, the system blocked the entrance gate by
closing the servo barrier. And the LED display shows that slot-1, 2, 3,
and 4 all are full.
When a vehicle leaves a slot and arrives at the gate of the parking
area then the IR sensor-2 detects that vehicle and the system open
the servo barrier. Then the LED display shows that the slot is empty.
again, the system will allow entering a new vehicle.

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 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
2.1 IR Sensor

2.2 Arduino Uno SMD

2.3 Servomotor

2.4 20*4 LCD Module

2.5 I2C Module

2.6 Jumping Wires

2.7 Soldering Iron

S NO COMPNENTS QUANTITY
1 IR Sensor 6
2 Arduino Uno SMD 1
3 Servo Motor 1
4 20*4 LCD Module 1
5 I2C Module 1
6 Jumping Wires 15
7 Soldering Iron 1

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 COMPENTS DESCRIPTION

➢ IR SENSOR
An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and
detects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. IR is
invisible to the human eye, as its wavelength is longer than that of
visible light (though it is still on the same electromagnetic spectrum).
Anything that emits heat (everything that has a temperature above
around five degrees Kelvin) gives off infrared radiation.

Fig. 2. IR SENSOR

➢ ARDUINO UNO SMD

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by
Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. The board is equipped with
sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.[1]
The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog
I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated

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Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered
by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts
voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is similar to the Arduino Nano and
Leonardo.

Fig. 3. ARDUINO UNO SMD

➢ SERVOMOTOR
A servomotor (or servo motor) is a rotary actuator or linear actuator
that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity
and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor
for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated
controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with
servomotors.

Servomotors are not a specific class of motor, although the term

servomotor is often used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a
closed-loop control system.

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Servomotors are used in applications such as robotics, CNC machinery,
and automated manufacturing.

Fig. 4. SERVO MOTOR

➢ 20*4 LCD MODULE

The LCD stands for liquid crystal display that works on the light
modulation features of liquid crystals. It is available in electronic
visible display, video display and flat panel display.
In a 20x4 LCD module, there are four rows in display and in one row
twenty character can be displayed and in one display eighty characters
can be shown.
This liquid crystal module uses HDD44780 (It is a controller used to
display monochrome text displays) parallel interfacing.

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The liquid crystal display interfacing code is easily accessible. We just
required eleven input and output pin outs for the interfacing of the
LCD screen.
The input supply for this module is three volts or five volts, with that
module other components like PIC, Raspberry PI, and Arduino.
This electronic device can be used in different embedded systems,
industries, medical devices, and portable devices like mobile, watches,
laptops.

Fig. 5. 20*4 LCD DISPLAY MODULE

➢ I2C MODULE

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, eye-squared-C), alternatively known as

I2C or IIC, is a synchronous, multi-controller/multi-target
(master/slave), packet switched, single-ended, serial communication
bus invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductors. It is widely used for
attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and
microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication.
i2c, or ii, is a flexible communication protocol which allows modules
to send commands to each other digitally, which opens up possibilities
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that patch cables can’t facilitate. This digital networking is described
as a ‘bus’.

Fig. 6. I2C MODULE

➢ JUMPING WIRES

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an

electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at
each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is
normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors"
into the slots provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a
circuit board, or a piece of test equipment.

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 Fig. 7. JUMPING WIRE

➢ SOLDERING IRON

A soldering iron is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to

melt solder so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip (the bit) and an
insulated handle. Heating is often achieved electrically, by passing an
electric current (supplied through an electrical cord or battery cables)
through a resistive heating element.

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 Soldering irons are most often used for installation, repairs, and
limited production work in electronics assembly. High-volume
production lines use other soldering methods. Large irons may be used
for soldering joints in sheet metal object

Fig. 8. SOLDERING IRON

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 9 Smart Car Parking Circuit Diagram

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.10 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 RESULT
Adopting parking management system significantly reduces the
amount of time consumed in seeking the parking space, renders
valuable data upon the availability of the parking area, accurate
mapping of the parking space, offers guidance and suggestion for
proper vehicle parking.

CONCLUSION
Automation is a step in the right direction for a future fulfilled in the
world of transportation. This design provides an effective solution to
the common problem discussed. The smart car parking system was
designed, fabricated and tested which provided accurate results
when the threshold distance was calibrated and the obstruction was
detected. The LCD based on the vehicle in the parking space was
instantaneous based on no vehicle and vehicle detected.

The design is flexible and can be altered based on the space available
and can be installed even in tight and constrained space. Based on
LCD detected a common information board is displayed indicating
the count of parking spaces available.

It can be concluded that with correct connection of some simple

electrical components, it is possible to create an automatic smart car
parking system, thus decreasing aimless driving, fuel and time, as well
as making the process of parking considerably simpler.

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 APPLICATTIONS
1. It can be utilized in private parking lots.
2. It can be used in large buildings like hotels, shopping malls,
hospitals.

ADVANTAGES
1. Reduce traffic and pollution.

2. Reduce consumption of fuel.

3. Better parking experience.

LIMITATIONS
1. A parking management system can cost a lot of money.

2. The parking systems are usually automated, but they require regular
maintenance to ensure everything is working smoothly.

3. Utilising technology to manage a car park is unquestionably an

excellent decision. Still, we cannot ignore that machines can start
malfunctioning anytime, no matter how meticulously they are
manufactured or what software they are integrated with. In these
cases, chaos may occur.

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 REFERENCES
 GOOGLE SITES
1. https://www.electroduino.com/smart-parking-system-project-
using-arduino-and-ir-sensor/
2. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/embeddedlab786/autom
atic-car-parking-system-95a9dc

 YOUTUBE CHANNELS
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5HNCOP2qdE

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