North Sydney Girls High School

2023 HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading Time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working Time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided
• For questions in Section II, show relevant
mathematical reasoning and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2 – 7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8 – 15)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

NAME:______________________________ TEACHER:___________________________

STUDENT NUMBER:

Question 1-10 11 12 13 14 Total

Mark
/10 /15 /15 /16 /14 /70
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1-10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1-10.

−1
1 Which of the following is the derivative of y = tan 2 x ?

A. 2sec 2 2x

B. −2 tan −2 2x

1
C.
1 + 4x 2

2
D.
1 + 4x 2

2 The polynomial P ( x ) = 6 x3 − 13 x 2 + ax + 24 is divisible by ( x − 2 ) . What is the remainder

when P ( x ) is divided by ( x + 1) ?

A. −10

B. −5

C. 7

D. 15

3 Which of the following is equal to 2sin 3 x cos 4 x ?

A. sin 7 x − sin x

B. sin 7 x + sin x

C. cos 7 x − cos x

D. cos x − cos 7 x

2
 θ sin θ + 1
4 Given that t = tan , which of the following expressions is equivalent to ?
2 cos θ

1
A.
t

1+ t
B.
1− t

C.
(1 + t )
2 2

1− t2

1 + 2t − t 2
D.
1+ t2

5 In how many ways can all the letters of the word STATISTICS be placed in a line with the
three Ts together?

10!
A.
2!3!3!

8!
B.
2!3!3!

8!
C.
2!3!

8!
D.
2!

3
 3 2
6 Consider the polynomial P ( x) = x − 3 x − 9 x + 27 . Which of the following is a root of
multiplicity 2 of P( x) ?

A. 3

B. 1

C. −1

D. −3

7 Eight points are arranged in order around a circle as shown below. In a game, Matthew selects
5 points to draw a pentagon. How many games must Matthew play to guarantee that at least 2
pentagons drawn share the same vertices?

A. 2

B. 12

C. 41

D. 57

4
 8
8 A police patrol boat is initially at point P with a position vector   . The patrol boat spots a
 −6 
suspicious passenger boat heading from O on a bearing of 045°T .

The police patrol boat wants to intercept the passenger boat in the shortest distance as shown
by the path PA.

Which of the following is the police patrol boat’s displacement vector PA ?

 −1
A.  
1

 −7 
B.  
 7

 −5 
C.  
9

1 1
D.  
2 1

5
9 Which of the following integrals correctly represents the area of the shaded region below?

a
⌠  2 1 1
A.   x − cos 4 x −  dx
⌡− a  2 2

a
⌠  2 1 1
B.   − x + cos 2 x +  dx
⌡− a  2 2

a
⌠  1 1
C. 2  − x 2 + cos 4 x +  dx
⌡0  2 2

a
⌠  1 1
D. 2  − x 2 + cos 4 x −  dx
⌡0  2 2

6
10 The graph of y = f ( x ) is given below.

The function g ( x ) is defined as g ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) . Which of the following gives the range of

g( x )?

A. [b, ∞ )

B. [b, a ]

C. [ c, d ]

D. ( e, d ]

End of Section I

7
Section II
60 marks
Attempt Questions 11-14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

2  −3 
(a) For the vectors u =   and v =   , evaluate each of the following.
  −1  4

(i) u − 2v 1
 

(ii) u ⋅v 1
 

4− x
(b) Solve ≤ 6. 3
x −1

(c) By using the compound angle formulae, find the exact value of tan15° . 3

(d) Eight people are to be seated at a round table.

(i) How many seating arrangements are possible? 1

(ii) Patrick wishes to sit between two of his friends, Jack and Holly. 2
How many seating arrangements are now possible?

Question 11 continues on page 9

8
Question 11 (continued)

Answer Question 11 (e) on the separate Response Sheet.

(e) The graph of y = f ( x ) is shown on the separate Response Sheet for Question 11 (e).

(i) Determine the equation of f ( x ) , given that it is in the form f ( x ) = a cos −1 bx . 2

Write your answer on the separate Response Sheet.

1
(ii) On the separate Response Sheet, sketch the graph of y = , clearly 2
f ( x)
showing all important features.

End of Question 11

9
Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

∫ (1 + cos θ )
2
(a) Find dθ . 3

6
(b) (i) Find the coefficient of x k in the expansion of (2 + 3 x) . 1

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion 2

6 2
of (2 + 3 x) (1 − 4 x ) .

(c) x
A curve is defined in parametric form by the equations = t + 1 and y = ln t .

(i) Write the equation of the curve in Cartesian form. 1

(ii) Sketch the curve clearly, showing all important features. 2

5
x
(d) Use the substitution u 2= 9 − x to find ⌠
 dx . 3
⌡0 9 − x

Question 12 continues on page 11

10
Question 12 (continued)

(e) A concrete block is formed by rotating the shaded region bounded by the graph of 3
1 2 3
x4 = 2
, the x axis, the y axis and the line y = about the y axis.
16 − 9 y 3

Find the exact volume of the solid formed.

End of Question 12

11
Question 13 (16 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

(a) f ( x ) sin −1 x + cos −1 x .

Let =

π
(i) By differentiating f ( x ) , or otherwise, explain why f ( x ) = . 2
2

(ii) Hence, sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) . 1

(b) Let f ( x ) = 18 x 2 + 3 px − 2q and g ( x ) = 18 x 2 + 3qx − 2 p , where p, q are distinct real numbers.

α , β are the roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 and α , γ are the roots of the equation g ( x ) = 0 .

(i) By first finding the value of α , show that p + q =4. 3

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, express β and γ in terms of p. 2

(c) Use Mathematical Induction to prove that 33n + 2n+ 2 is divisible by 5 for all 3
integers n ≥ 1 .

Question 13 continues on page 13

12
Question 13 (continued)

(d) A small lamp O is placed h m above the centre of a round table of radius 3 m and height
of 1 m. The lamp casts a circular shadow LMN of the table on the ground
as shown in the diagram below.

At any given time, let h be the height, in metres, of the lamp above the table and let A be the
area of the shadow in m 2 .

hm

1m
L N

2
 1
(i) =
Show that A 9π 1 +  . 2
 h

3
(ii) If the lamp is lowered vertically at a constant rate of m/s , 3
100
find the exact rate of change of A with respect to time when the lamp is 3 m
above the table.

End of Question 13

13
Question 14 (14 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

(a) The diagram below shows two squares OABC and ODEF with OA = 1 , OD = 2 and
  
∠AOF = =
θ , where 0° < θ < 90° . Let OF = 2 i , OD = −2 j and OA cos θ i + sin θ j .
   


(i) − sin θ i + cos θ j .
Explain why OC = 1
 

(ii) Use vector methods to show that if the points B, A and E are collinear, 3
1
cos θ − sin θ = .
2

(iii) By first expressing cos θ − sin θ in the form of R cos (θ + α ) where R > 0 and 3
0 < α < 90° , find the value(s) of θ such that points B, A and E are collinear.
Give your answer(s) correct to the nearest degree. Show all working.

Question 14 continues on page 15

14
Question 14 (continued)

(b) A construction worker wants to anchor a cable at point A on a wall inside a room. The room is
8 m high and the anchor point for the cable at A is 6 m above the ground on the wall. A 10 m
patch of wet concrete prevents the worker from getting close to the wall as shown in the
diagram below.

In order to anchor the cable to the wall, the worker needs to launch the cable hook from his
hand 1 m above ground at a speed of u m/s and an angle of θ ° to the horizontal. The
acceleration due to gravity is g m/s 2 .

A
8m u Wall
6m

1m
O Wet concrete

10 m
Taking the position of the worker’s foot as the origin, the position of the cable hook at
time t seconds after it is launched is given by:

 ut cos θ 
  
r= 2 (Do NOT prove this)
 − gt + ut sin θ + 1
 2 
14 g
(i) Show that for the cable hook to avoid hitting the ceiling, sin 2 θ < . 3
u2

The worker launches the cable hook at 15 m/s . Assuming that g = 10 m/s 2 , the Cartesian
equation of the cable hook is given by:

x2
− sec 2 θ + x tan θ + 1
y= (Do NOT prove this)
45

(ii) Find all possible angle(s) that the worker can launch the cable hook to reach the 4
anchor point. Round your answer(s) to the nearest degree.

End of paper

15
BLANK PAGE

16
 Student Number:________________

Question 11 (e) – Response Sheet

11 (e) The graph of f ( x) is shown below.

(i) Determine the equation of f ( x ) given that it is in the form f ( x ) = a cos −1 bx . 2

Write your answer below.

f ( x ) = __________________________

1
(ii) On the same grid above, sketch the graph of y = , clearly 2
f ( x)
showing all important features.

Place this sheet inside your Question 11 answer booklet.

17
North Sydney Girls High School

2023 HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading Time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working Time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided
• For questions in Section II, show relevant
mathematical reasoning and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2 – 7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8 – 15)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

NAME:______________________________ TEACHER:___________________________

STUDENT NUMBER:

Question 1-10 11 12 13 14 Total

Mark
/10 /15 /15 /16 /14 /70
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1-10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1-10.

−1
1 Which of the following is the derivative of y = tan 2 x ?

A. 2sec 2 2x

B. −2 tan −2 2x

1
C.
1 + 4x 2

2
D.
1 + 4x 2

dy 1 2
= = × 2
dx 1 + ( 2 x )2 1 + 4 x2
2 The polynomial P ( x ) = 6 x3 − 13 x 2 + ax + 24 is divisible by ( x − 2 ) . What is the remainder
when P ( x ) is divided by ( x + 1) ?

A. −10

B. −5

C. 7

D. 15

P ( 2) = 0
6 × 23 − 13 × 22 + a × 2 + 24 = 0
a = −10
P ( −1) = 6 × ( −1) − 13 × ( −1) − 10 × −1 + 24 = 15
3 2

2
3 Which of the following is equal to 2sin 3 x cos 4 x ?

A. sin 7 x − sin x

B. sin 7 x + sin x

C. cos 7 x − cos x

D. cos x − cos 7 x

x sin ( 3 x + 4 x ) + sin ( 3 x − 4 x=
2sin 3 x cos 4= ) sin 7 x + sin ( − x=) sin 7 x − sin x

θ sin θ + 1
4 Given that t = tan , which of the following expressions is equivalent to ?
2 cos θ

1
A.
t

1+ t
B.
1− t

C.
(1 + t )
2 2

1− t2

1 + 2t − t 2
D.
1+ t2

2t
+1
(1=+ t)
2
sin θ + 1 1 + t 2 2t + 1 + t 2 1+ t
= = =
cos θ 1− t2 1− t2 (1 − t )(1 + t ) 1− t
1+ t2

3
5 In how many ways can all the letters of the word STATISTICS be placed in a line with the
three Ts together?

10!
A.
2!3!3!

8!
B.
2!3!3!

8!
C.
2!3!

8!
D.
2!

Grouping the Ts together gives 8 elements to permute. Within the 8 elements to permute, the
8!
repeating elements are: 3 Ss and 2 Is. This gives the number of permutations:
2!3!

4
 3 2
6 Consider the polynomial P ( x) = x − 3 x − 9 x + 27 . Which of the following is a root of
multiplicity 2 of P( x) ?

A. 3

B. 1

C. −1

D. −3
P '( x) = 3x 2 − 6 x − 9
P '( x) = 0
3x 2 − 6 x − 9 =0
( x − 3)( x + 1) =
0
x = −1, 3

P(3) = 33 − 3 × 32 − 9 × 3 + 27 = 0
∴ P(3) = P '(3) = 0
x = 3 is a root of multiplicity 2 of P( x)

5
7 Eight points are arranged in order around a circle as shown below. In a game, Matthew selects
5 points to draw a pentagon. How many games must Matthew play to guarantee that at least 2
pentagons drawn share the same vertices?

A. 2

B. 12

C. 41

D. 57

Number of pentagons that can be formed without any of them sharing the same vertices:
8
C5 = 56

Therefore, the 57th pentagon formed must share the same vertices with one of the 56 pentagons.

6
 8
8 A police patrol boat is initially at point P with a position vector   . The patrol boat spots a
 −6 
suspicious passenger boat heading from O on a bearing of 045°T .

The police patrol boat wants to intercept the passenger boat in the shortest distance as shown
by the path PA.

Which of the following is the police patrol boat’s displacement vector PA ?

 −1
A.  
1

 −7 
B.  
 7

 −5 
C.  
9

1 1
D.  
2 1

 1  

Consider a vector in the direction of OA . For simplicity we can chose   . OA ⊥ PA ,
1
 
∴ OA ⋅ PA = 0 . This leave A and B as the possible answers. From P, a displacement vector of
 −7 
  would get to A in the first quadrant.
 7

7
9 Which of the following integrals correctly represents the area of the shaded region below?

a
⌠  2 1 1
A.   x − cos 4 x −  dx
⌡− a  2 2

a
⌠  2 1 1
B.   − x + cos 2 x +  dx
⌡− a  2 2

a
⌠  1 1
C. 2  − x 2 + cos 4 x +  dx
⌡0  2 2

a
⌠  1 1
D. 2  − x 2 + cos 4 x −  dx
⌡0  2 2

∫ ( − x + 1) − sin 2 x  dx
a
2 2
A=
−a

2 ∫ ( − x + 1) − sin 2 x  dx  the functions are even

a
2 2
=
0
a
⌠  2 1 
= 2
⌡0  − x + 1 − 2 (1 − cos 4 x )  dx
a
⌠  1 1 
= 2  − x 2 + 1 − + cos 4 x  dx
⌡0  2 2 
a
⌠  1 1
= 2  − x 2 + cos 4 x +  dx
⌡0  2 2

8
10 The graph of y = f ( x ) is given below.

The function g ( x ) is defined as g ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) . Which of the following gives the range of

g( x )?

A. [b, ∞ )

B. [b, a ]

C. [ c, d ]

D. ( e, d ]

By considering the graph of y = f −1 ( x ) , range of f −1 ( x ) : y ≥ b

Then by considering the graph of y = f −1 ( x ) , range of f −1 ( x ) : b ≤ y ≤ a

End of Section I

9
Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11-14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

2  −3 
(a) For the vectors u =   and v =   , evaluate each of the following.
  −1  4

(i) u − 2v 1
 
 2   −3   8 
  − 2  =  
 −1  4   −9 

(ii) u ⋅v 1
 
 2   −3 
  ⋅   =2 × ( −3) + ( −1) × 4 =−10
 −1  4 
4− x
(b) Solve ≤ 6. 3
x −1
4− x
× ( x − 1) ≤ 6 × ( x − 1)
2 2

x −1
( 4 − x )( x − 1) ≤ 6 ( x − 1)
2

6 ( x − 1) − ( x − 1)( 4 − x ) ≥ 0
2

( x − 1) 6 ( x − 1) − ( 4 − x )  ≥ 0
( x − 1)( 7 x − 10 ) ≥ 0

1 10
7

10
∴ x < 1, x ≥ x ≠1
7

10
(c) By using the compound angle formulae, find the exact value of tan15° . 3

tan 45° − tan 30°

tan ( 45° − 30° ) =
1 + tan 45° tan 30°
1
1−
tan15° = 3
1
1 + 1×
3
1
1−
tan15°
= 3 × 3
1 3
1 + 1×
3
3 −1
tan15° =
3 +1

(d) Eight people are to be seated at a round table.

(i) How many seating arrangements are possible? 1

7!

(ii) Patrick wishes to sit between two of his friends, Jack and Holly. 2
How many seating arrangements are now possible?

5! × 2!

Question 11 continues on page 9

11
Question 11 (continued)

Answer Question 11 (e) on the separate Response Sheet.

(e) The graph of y = f ( x ) is shown on the separate Response Sheet for Question 11 (e).

(i) Determine the equation of f ( x ) given that it is in the form f ( x ) = a cos −1 bx . 2

Write your answer below.

2 x
f ( x) = cos −1
π 3

1
(ii) On the same grid above, sketch the graph of y = , clearly 2
f ( x)
showing all important features.

End of Question 11

12
Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

∫ (1 + cos θ )
2
(a) Find dθ . 3

∫ (1 + cos θ ) dθ
2

∫ (1 + 2 cos θ + cos θ ) dθ
2
=
⌠ 1 
=  1 + 2 cos θ + (1 + cos 2θ )  dθ
⌡ 2 
⌠3 1 
=  + 2 cos θ + cos 2θ  dθ
⌡2 2 
3 1
=θ + 2sin θ + sin 2θ + C
2 4

6
(b) (i) Find the coefficient of x k in the expansion of (2 + 3 x) . 1

6 6 6 6

)6   26 +   25 × ( 3x ) + ... +   26− k × ( 3x ) + ... +   ( 3x )
1 k 6
(2 + 3x=
0 1 k  6
6
Therefore, the coefficient of x k is   3k × 26− k .
k 

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the coefficient of x 3 in the expansion 2

6 2
of (2 + 3 x) (1 − 4 x ) .

coefficient of x3 can be obtained in two ways:

6
x3 from ( 2 + 3x ) times 1:   33 × 26−3 x3 ×1 =4320 x3
6

 3
6
x1 from ( 2 + 3x ) times − 4 x 2 :   31 × 26−1 x1 × −4 x 2 = −2304 x3
6

1
Therefore, the coefficient of x3 in the expansion is: 4320 − 2304 = 2016

13
(c) x
A curve is defined in parametric form by the equations = t + 1 and y = ln t .

(i) Write the equation of the curve in Cartesian form. 1

t x2 −1
=
=y ln ( x 2 − 1)

(ii) Sketch the curve clearly, showing all important features. 2

From the parametric equations:

y = ln t
∴t > 0

x = t +1 , t > 0
∴x >1

Alternatively:
y= ln ( x 2 − 1=
) ln ( x − 1)( x + 1)= ln ( x + 1) + ln ( x − 1)
∴x >1

x intercept:
ln ( x 2 − 1) =
0

(x 2
− 1) =
1
x2 = 2
=x 2 x >1

14
 5
⌠ x
(d) Use the substitution u = 9 − x to find 
2
dx . 3
⌡0 9 − x

x= 9 − u 2
dx
= −2u
du
dx = −2u du when x = 5, u = 9−5 = 2
when x = 0, u = 9−0 = 3

5 x
⌠
 dx
⌡0 9 − x
2 9 − u2
= ⌠  ( −2u du )
⌡3 u
3
= 2 ∫ 9 − u 2 du
2
3
 u3 
= 2 9u − 
 3 2
 33   23  
= 2  9 × 3 −  −  9 × 2 −  
 3  3 
16
=
3

Question 12 continues on page 11

15
Question 12 (continued)
(e) A concrete block is formed by rotating the shaded region bounded by the graph of 3
1 2 3
x4 = 2 , the x axis, the y axis and the line
y= about the y axis.
16 − 9 y 3

Find the exact volume of the solid formed.

1
x2 =
16 − 9 y 2
2 3
V =π∫ 3
x 2 dy
0
2 3
⌠ 3 1
=π dy
⌡0 16 − 9 y 2
2 3
⌠ 3 1
=π dy
4 − (3 y )
2 2
⌡0
2 3

π⌠ 3 3
=  dy
3 ⌡0 42 − ( 3 y )
2

2 3
π 3y  3
= sin −1 
3 4 0
π 
−1 3 2 3 −1  3 
=  sin  ×  − sin  × 0  
3 4 3   4 
π 3
= sin −1
3 2
π π
= ×
3 3
π 2
= u3
9

16
Question 13 (16 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

(a) f ( x ) sin −1 x + cos −1 x .

Let =
π
(i) By differentiating f ( x ) , or otherwise, explain why f ( x ) = . 2
2

1  1 
'( x)
f= +− =  0
1 − x2  1 − x2 

Since f ' ( x ) = 0 , then f ( x ) must be equal to a constant. Substituting x = 0 into

f ( x ) gives:

π π
f ( 0 ) =sin −1 0 + cos −1 0 =0 + =
2 2

(ii) Hence, sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) . 1

Domain of f ( x ) : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1

17
(b) Let f ( x ) = 18 x 2 + 3 px − 2q and g ( x ) = 18 x 2 + 3qx − 2 p , where p, q are distinct real numbers.
α , β are the roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 and α , γ are the roots of the equation g ( x ) = 0 .

(i) By first finding the value of α , show that p + q =4. 3

(α ) g=
f= (α ) 0
18α 2 + 3 pα − 2q= 18α 2 + 3qα − 2 p
3( p − q )α =
−2 ( p − q )
3( p − q )α + 2 ( p − q ) =
0
( p − q )( 3α + 2 ) =
0
−2
α= (∴ p ≠ q )
3

f (α ) = 0
2
 −2   −2 
18   + 3 p   − 2q = 0
 3   3 
8 − 2 p − 2q =
0
2( p + q) =
8
p+q =4

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, express β and γ in terms of p. 2

Consider the sum of roots of f ( x ) and g ( x )

−3q
α +γ =
18
−3 p q
α +β = γ = − −α
18 6
p q 2
β= − −α γ = − +
6 6 3
p 2 4−q
β= − + γ =
6 3 6
4− p 4 − (4 − p)
β= γ =
6 6
p
γ =
6

18
(c) Use Mathematical Induction to prove that 33n + 2n+ 2 is divisible by 5 for all 3
integers n ≥ 1 .

when n = 1,
33×1 + 21+ 2 = 33 + 23 = 27 + 8 = 35 = 5 × 7
∴ the statement is true for n = 1.

assume that it is true for=

n k , k ∈ Ζ+
33k + =
2k + 2 5 A, A ∈ Ζ +
∴ 33k = 5 A − 2k + 2
when n= k + 1,
33( k +1) + 2( k +1)+ 2
= 33k +3 + 2k +3
=33 × 33k + 2k +3
=33 × ( 5 A − 2k + 2 ) + 2k +3 ( by assumption )
= 5 × 33 A − 33 × 2k + 2 + 2 × 2k + 2
5 × 33 A − 2k + 2 ( 33 − 2 )
=
5 × 33 A − 2k + 2 × 25
=
= 5 ( 33 A − 2k + 2 × 5 )
= 5B where
= B (3
3
A − 2k + 2 × 5 ) ∈ Ζ,  A ∈ Ζ +

Hence, 3 ( ) + 2( ) is divisible by 5 if 33k + 2k + 2 is divisible by 5.

3 k +1 k +1 + 2

Therefore, the statement is true by mathematical induction.

Question 13 continues on page 13

19
Question 13 (continued)

(d) A small lamp O is placed h m above the centre of a round table of radius 3 m and height
of 1 m. The lamp casts a circular shadow LMN of the table on the ground
as shown in the diagram below.

At any given time, let h be the height, in metres, of the lamp above the table and let A be the
area of the shadow in m 2 .

hm

1m
L N

2
 1
(i) Show that
= A 9π 1 +  . 2
 h

By considering similiar triangles:

h +1 r ℎ
=
h 3 3
 h +1
r = 3 
 h  1
 1 𝑟𝑟
= r 3 1 + 
 h

A = π r2
2
  1 
=A π  3 1 +  
  h 
2
 1
=A 9π 1 + 
 h

20
 3
(ii) If the lamp is lowered vertically at a constant rate of m/s , 3
100
find the exact rate of change of A with respect to time when the lamp is 3 m
above the table.
2
 1
=A 9π 1 + 
 h

dA  1  1  18π  1 
=9π × 2 1 +  ×  − 2  =− 2 1 + 
dh  h  h  h  h

when A = 16π
2
 1
16π 9π 1 + 
=
 h
1 4
1+ = ±
h 3
1 1
= h ≥ 0
h 3
h=3

when h = 3
dA 18π  1  −8π
= − 2 1 +  =
dh 3  3 3
dA dA dh −8π −3 2π 2
= × = × = m /s
dt dh dt 3 100 25

End of Question 13

21
Question 14 (14 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

(a) The diagram below shows two squares OABC and ODEF with OA = 1 , OD = 2 and
  
∠AOF = =
θ , where 0° < θ < 90° . Let OF = 2 i , OD = −2 j and OA cos θ i + sin θ j .
   


(i) Explain why OC = − sin θ i + cos θ j . 1
 

From the diagram below, OC makes an angle of 90° − θ with the horizontal.

𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴

90° − 𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃
𝐹𝐹
𝑂𝑂

By resolving OC into components, we get:

OC = − cos ( 90° − θ ) i + sin ( 90° − θ ) j
  
OC = − sin θ i + cos θ j
 

22
(ii) Use vector methods to show that if the points B, A and E are collinear, 3
1
cos θ − sin θ = .
2
 
( )
BA =−OC =− − sin θ i + cos θ j =sin θ i − cos θ j
       
(
AE =−OA + OD + DE =− cos θ i + sin θ
 
) ( )
j + −2 j + 2 i =( 2 − cos θ ) i + ( −2 − sin θ ) j
   

 
if B, A, E are collinear, then BA  AE
 
BA = λ AE

sin
= θ λ ( 2 − cos θ )
− cos θ = λ ( −2 − sin θ )

sin θ − cos θ
=
2 − cos θ −2 − sin θ
( 2 + sin θ ) sin θ = cos θ ( 2 − cos θ )
2sin θ + sin 2 θ = 2 cos θ − cos 2 θ
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 2 cos θ − 2sin θ
= 1 2 cos θ − 2sin θ
1
cos θ − sin θ =
2

23
(iii) By first expressing cos θ − sin θ in the form of R cos (θ + α ) where R > 0 and 3
0 < α < 90° , find the value(s) of θ such that points B, A and E are collinear.
Give your answer(s) correct to the nearest degree. Show all working.

cos θ − sin θ= R cos (θ + α )

cos θ −=
sin θ R cos θ cos α − R sin θ sin α
cos θ=
− sin θ ( R cos α ) cos θ − ( R sin α ) sin θ

By comparing coefficients of cos θ and sin θ on both sides:

R cos α = 1
R sin α = 1

Solving simultaneouly gives:

R2 = 2
=R 2 ( R > 0 )

tan α = 1
α= 45° ( 0° < α < 90° )

∴ cos θ −=
sin θ 2 cos (θ + 45° )

1
2 cos (θ + 45° ) =
2
1
cos (θ + 45° ) =
2 2
 1 
θ + 45° =cos −1  
2 2
θ + 45°= 69°, 291°
θ= 24° ( 0° < θ < 90° )

Question 14 continues on page 15

24
Question 14 (continued)

(b) A construction worker wants to anchor a cable at point A on a wall inside a room. The room is
8 m high and the anchor point for the cable at A is 6 m above the ground on the wall. A 10 m
patch of wet concrete prevents the worker from getting close to the wall as shown in the
diagram below.

In order to anchor the cable to the wall, the worker needs to launch the cable hook from his
hand 1 m above ground at a speed of u m/s and an angle of θ ° to the horizontal. The
acceleration due to gravity is g m/s 2 .

A
8m u Wall
6m

1m
O Wet concrete

10 m
Taking the position of the worker’s foot as the origin, the position of the cable hook at
time t seconds after it is launched is given by:

 ut cos θ 
  
r= 2 (Do NOT prove this)
 − gt + ut sin θ + 1
 2 

25
 14 g
(i) Show that for the cable hook to avoid hitting the ceiling, sin 2 θ < . 3
u2

from the vector equation:

  u cos θ 
r =  
 − gt + u sin θ 

at max height,
− gt + u sin θ =0
u sin θ
t=
g

max height reached by the projectile is given by

2
 u sin θ 
g
g   u sin θ 
−  +u  sin θ + 1
2  g 
u sin θ u sin 2 θ
2 2 2
=
− + +1
2g g
u 2 sin 2 θ
= +1
2g

in order for the cable hook to reach the wall without hitting the ceiling
u 2 sin 2 θ
+1 < 8
2g
u 2 sin 2 θ
<7
2g
14 g u2
sin 2 θ <  >0
u2 2g

26
The worker launches the cable hook at 15 m/s . Assuming that g = 10 m/s 2 , the Cartesian equation of
the cable hook is given by:

x2
− sec 2 θ + x tan θ + 1
y= (Do NOT prove this)
45

(ii) Find all possible angle(s) that the worker can launch the cable hook to reach the 4
anchor point. Round your answer(s) to the nearest degree.

sub
= x 10,
= y 6

102
6=− sec 2 θ + 10 tan θ + 1
45
102
6=−
45
(1 + tan 2 θ ) + 10 tan θ + 1

−100 (1 + tan 2 θ ) + 450 tan θ + 45

270 =
−100 − 100 tan 2 θ + 450 tan θ + 45
270 =
100 tan 2 θ − 450 tan θ + 325 =
0
4 tan 2 θ − 18 tan θ + 13 =
0
Using the quadratic formula to solve for tan θ gives:
= tan θ 3.5962...
= tan θ 0.9037...
θ= 74° θ= 42°

14 g 14 ×10
= ≈ 0.62
u2 152

when θ= 42°, sin 2 42° ≈ 0.45 < 0.61∴ it will not hit the ceiling

when θ= 74°, sin 2 74° ≈ 0.92 > 0.61∴ it will hit the ceiling

∴ the worker has to launch the cable hook at 42°

End of paper

27