Relative Pronoun
Relative Pronoun
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Relative pronouns
Márcia Fernandes
Teacher with a degree in Literature
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Relative pronouns are pronouns that refer to a previous term. Relative pronouns are:
who, who, where, which, which, which, which, whose, whose, whose, whose, how
much, how many, how many.
Example:
The use of relative pronouns makes texts less repetitive, in addition to connecting ideas
more efficiently.
Relative pronouns
Invariables Variables
Among the relative pronouns, the pronoun is , without a doubt, the most used. This is
why it is known as a “universal relative pronoun”.
Where:
The word "when" is also a relative pronoun that expresses the notion of time:
Relative pronoun with subject function: Hope is the last thing to die. (the
pronoun that refers to the word "hope", which is the subject of the sentence)
Relative pronoun with direct object function: The books I bought are very good. (the
pronoun that refers to the word "books", which is the direct object of the sentence)
Relative pronoun with indirect object function: I like the song he sings. (the
pronoun that refers to the word "music", which is the indirect object of the sentence)
Relative pronoun with predicative function: Still small, she became the great
woman she is today. (the pronoun that refers to the predicate of the subject "the great
woman" of this sentence)
Relative pronoun with adnominal adjunct function: The writer whose chronicles I
really like comes to school today. (the pronoun whose is an adnominal adjunct of the
word "chronicles")
Relative pronoun with nominal complement function: I have the impression that I'm
late. (the pronoun that refers to the word "impression", which is a name and needs a
complement (impression of what?), therefore, the pronoun has the function of a nominal
complement of the sentence)
Relative pronoun with adverbial adjunct function: I went to the beach where I used
to go. (the pronoun where , which refers to the word "beach", is an adverbial adjunct of
the sentence)
Relative pronoun with passive agent function: Does everything for those he loves.
(the pronoun who , which refers to the word "beloved", is the passive agent of the
sentence)
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are words related to nouns already mentioned in a sentence.
Relative pronouns can be invariable , that is, without gender (masculine or feminine)
and without number (singular or plural): “que”, “who” and “where”, but they can also
be variable , as they have gender and number: “which”, “which”, “which”, “which”,
“whose”, “whose”, “whose”, “whose”, “how much”, “how many”, “how much” and
"how many".
Read also: Adverbs – class of words that modify a verb, adjective or other adverb
Do you know what a noun is ? It's a word we use to name a living being, a thing or an
idea. For example, the word “chair” is a noun, as it is the name of the thing on which we
sit.
The word “cockroach”, used to name an insect , is also a noun . The word “happiness”
is used to name an idea , because happiness is not something you can pick up, like a
chair and a cockroach.
Now that we know what a noun is, we can answer another question. What is
a pronoun ? It is the word that replaces or accompanies the noun . Thus, the pronoun
can indicate who is speaking, the person to whom someone is speaking or even the
person being spoken about.
This is Renato.
So, imagine that our friend Renato says this to you:
— I didn't know Juliana was at Disney . Why didn't she tell me anything?
Now, let's separate all the nouns in speech: “Juliana” (name of a living being) and
“Disney” (name of a thing). Ah, we can’t forget “Renato”! So, we can point out the
pronouns:
She : replaces the noun “Juliana” and indicates who Renato is talking about.
Again, let's separate all the nouns in the speech: “Juliana” (name of a living being) and
“friend” (name given to a person who has a friendly relationship with another). After
that, we identify the pronoun “minha”, which accompanies the noun “amiga” and
indicates who is speaking, that is, Renato.
Ao usar o pronome “minha”, Renato indica que Juliana é amiga dele. Se usasse
o pronome “tua”, por exemplo, Renato indicaria com quem estava falando, isto é,
com você, já que imaginamos, no início do texto, que Renato estava conversando
contigo. Lembra-se?
No entanto, existem alguns tipos de pronome, e estamos aqui para falar especialmente
de um deles. Então, o que são pronomes relativos? Aí vai a definição:
A palavra “onde” é um pronome relativo, pois mantém uma relação com o substantivo
“casa”, mencionado anteriormente na frase.
cujo cuja
Invariáveis
quanto quanta
Singular Plural
os quais as quais que
Exemplo 1:
Artemis Fowl roubou o Livro das Fadas, que é muito importante naquele mundo.
Exemplo 2:
Exemplo 3:
Acho que agora fica fácil responder por que os outros pronomes relativos são
chamados de variáveis, não é mesmo? Porque eles concordam, variam,
em gênero (masculino ou feminino) e número (singular ou plural), com o substantivo
mencionado anteriormente. Veja estes exemplos.
Exemplo 4:
Substantivo: aquário
Substantivo: aquários
Exemplo 6:
Substantivo: melancia
Pronome relativo: a qual
Exemplo 7:
Substantivo: melancias
Exemplo 8:
Substantivo: doce
Exemplo 9:
Substantivo: doces
Exemplo 10:
Substantivo: gelatina
Exemplo 11:
Substantivo: pipocas
Exemplo 12:
Exemplo 13:
O menino, cuja mãe trabalha no circo, sonha em ser trapezista.
Exemplo 14:
Exemplo 15:
ou
ou
ou
Estamos, também, afirmando que se trata do tio do menino, da mãe do menino, dos
irmãos do menino e das irmãs do menino. Você percebeu a relação de posse entre os
substantivos? Se ainda não percebeu, imagine que esse menino é o nosso amigo
Renato. De quem é o tio, a mãe, os irmãos e as irmãs então? Do Renato! Pertencem ao
Renato!
Atenção! O que se sobressai no uso do pronome “cujo” é a sua relação com os dois
substantivos. Assim, a ideia de posse está implícita, portanto, é um elemento
secundário. Então, esse pronome é relativo, e não possessivo.
Exercícios resolvidos
Questão 1 – Leia o texto a seguir e preencha as lacunas com o pronome relativo
adequado:
Agora, marque a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos pronomes utilizados
no preenchimento das lacunas:
Resolução
“Havia ainda os Pronomes RELATIVOS, que servem para indicar uma coisa que está
para trás. Eram eles: Que, Quem, O Qual, Cujo, Onde etc., com as suas respectivas
esposas e plurais. Quindim exemplificou:
A) o qual
B) a qual
C) cujo
D) cuja
E) onde
Resolução:
By Warley Souza
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