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CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Class 11 - Chemistry
Time Allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Maximum Marks: 157

General Instructions:

SECTION A - MCQ

SECTION B- ASSERTION AND REASON/1 MARK QUESTIONS

SECTION C - 2 MARK QUESTIONS

SECTION D - 3 MARK QUESTIONS

SECTION E - CASE STUDY/LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Section A
1. The outer orbitals C in ethene molecule can be considered to be hybridized to give three equivalent sp2 orbitals. [1]
The total number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in ethene molecule is:

a) 1 sigma (σ) and 2 pi (π) bonds b) 3 sigma (σ) and 2 pi (π) bonds

c) 5 sigma (σ) and 1 pi (π) bonds d) 4 sigma (σ) and 1 pi (π) bonds
2. According to molecular orbital theory, which of the following will not be a viable molecule? [1]

a) He 2+
2
b) −
H
2

c) He +
2
d) 2−
H
2

3. If the molecular axis is Z then which of the following overlapping is not possible? [1]

a) px + px = π bond b) px + py = π bond

c) py + py = π bond d) pz + pz = σ bond

4. In SO2 molecule, S atom is [1]

a) dsp2 hybridized b) sp3 hybridized

c) sP2 hybridized d) sp hybridized

5. Oxygen gas is paramagnetic. This observation is best explained by: [1]

a) resonance b) the Lewis structure of O2

c) the molecular orbital description of O2 d) the hybridization of atomic orbitals in O2

6. Which of the following two are isostructural? [1]

a) NH3, BF3 b) XeF2, IF −

2

c) PCl5, ICl5 d)
2− 2−
CO , SO
3 3

7. The polar as well as planar compound is: [1]

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 a) BF3 b) ClF3

c) SF4 d) H2O2

8. XeF4 molecule contains ________ lone pairs, ________ bond pairs and undergoes ________ hybridization. [1]

a) two, four, sp3d2 b) four, two, sp3

c) two, four, sp3 d) four, two, sp3d2

9. The group of molecules having identical shape is: [1]

a) PCl5, IF5, XeO2F2 b) BF3, PCl3 ,XeO3

c) ClF3, XeOF2, XeF +

3
d) SF4, XeF4, CCl4

10. Which of the following species is paramagnetic with only one unpaired electron, which is present in bonding [1]
molecular orbital?

a) O +
2
b) C
2−
2

c) O −
2
d) N
+
2

11. In which of the following pairs, the hybridisation of central atoms is same, but geometry is not the same? [1]

a) PCl5, POCl3 b) SO
2−
3
, NH3

c) SO3, CO 2−
3
d) XeF2, ICI3

12. If the electronic configuration of an element is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2, the four electrons involved in [1]

chemical bond formation will be:

a) 3p6 b) 3p6, 3d2

c) 3p6, 4s2 d) 3d2, 4s2

13. In which of the following molecules the central atom does not have sp3 hybridization? [1]

a) CH4 b) SF4

c) NH +

4
d) BF
−

14. Which of the following has two π bonds and planar structure? [1]

a) All of these b) SO2

c) CO2 d) C2H2

15. Among the following species, which has the minimum bond length? [1]

a) B2 b) O
−

c) C2 d) F2

Section B
16. Assertion (A): The dipole moment helps to predict whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar. [1]
Reason (R): The dipole moment helps to predict the geometry of molecules.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

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 c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
17. Assertion (A): SF6 and PF5 are examples of expanded octet molecules. [1]

Reason (R): P in PF5 and S in SF6 are in sp3d and sp3d2 hybridization respectively.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): In the formation of ethyne molecule, both the carbon atoms undergo sp-hybridization having two [1]
unhybridized orbital i.e., 2py and 2px.
Reason (R): Molecular orbital (MO) theory was developed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion: B2 molecule is diamagnetic. [1]
Reason: The highest occupied molecular orbital is of σ-type.

a) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the b) If both Assertion & Reason are true but the
reason is the correct explanation of the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion. assertion.

c) If Assertion is true statement but Reason is d) If both Assertion and Reason are false
false. statements.

20. Assertion (A): In PCl5 the five sp3d orbitals of phosphorus overlap with the singly occupied p orbitals of [1]

chlorine atoms to form five P–Cl sigma bonds.

Reason (R): In SF6 the central sulphur atom has the ground state outer electronic configuration 3s2p4.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

21. Assertion (A): The repulsive interaction of electron pairs decrease in the order: Lone pair (lp) – Lone pair (lp) > [1]
Lone pair (lp) – Bond pair (bp) > Bond pair (bp) – Bond pair (bp).
Reason (R): The lone pair electrons in a molecule occupy more space as compared to the bonding pairs of
electrons.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

22. Assertion (A): Bond energy has order like C-C<C=C<C=C [1]
Reason (R): Bond energy increases with an increase in bond order.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

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23. Among the triatomic molecules/ions, BeCl2, N , N2O, NO , O3, SCl2, ICl , I and XeF2, the total number of [1]
−
3
+
2
−
2
−
3

the linear molecule(s)/ion(s) where the hybridization of the central atom does not have contribution from the d-
orbital(s) is
[Atomic number: S = 16, Cl = 17, 1 = 53 and Xe = 54]
24. Total number of vacant orbitals in valency shell of sulphur when it undergoes formation of SF4 is: [1]
25. Select the number of orbitals which can produce " π " bond when overlap with an s-orbital: [1]
px, py, pz, pxy, dyz, s

26. Fill in the blanks: [1]

During the formation of a bond when two atoms approach each other, the potential energy ________.
27. Fill in the blanks: [1]
Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in _______ state.
28. Fill in the blanks: [1]
High lattice energy favours ________ bond formation.
29. How many σ and π - bonds are present in C2H4 (ethene )? [1]

30. Why is BF3 non – polar? [1]

31. Predict the shapes of the following molecules using VSEPR theory? [1]
i. BeCl2

ii. SiCl4

32. Define bond order. [1]

33. Define the bond Length. [1]
34. Give the main features of Lewis approach of chemical bonding. [1]
35. Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their magnetic properties. [1]
+
02 , 0
2
−
,0
2
(superoxide), 0
2−
2
(peroxide).
36. Group the following as linear and non-linear molecules: [1]
H2O, HOCl, BeCl2, Cl2O
37. Why does type of overlap given in the following figure not result in bond formation? [1]

38. What is pi – bond? [1]

Section C
39. On the basis of molecular orbital theory what is the similarity between [2]
a. F2 , O 2−

b. CO, N2, NO+?

40. State the types of hybrid orbitals associated with [2]

i. P in PCl5

ii. S in SF6

41. Explain the formation of chemical bonds. [2]

42. Explain the diamagnetic behavior of F2 molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory. [2]

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43. Write the favorable factors for the formation of the ionic bond. [2]
44. What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecules [2]
i. CH2Cl2

ii. C2H4

45. Write the Lewis dot symbols of the following elements and predict their valencies. [2]
i. Cl
ii. P
46. Why N2 is more stable than O 2 ? Explain on the basis of molecular orbital theory. [2]

47. Explain the diamagnetic behaviour of F2 molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory. [2]
48. What do you mean by Dipole moment? Draw the dipole diagram of H2O. [2]

49. What do you understand by bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons? Illustrate by giving one example of each [2]
type.
50. How is bond order related to the stability of a molecule? [2]
Section D
51. Explain the important aspect of resonance with reference to the CO 2−
3
ion. [3]
52. What is an ionic bond? Give two suitable examples and explain the difference between an ionic and a covalent [3]
bond?
53. Define Octet rule. Write its significance and limitations. [3]
54. How can you explain the formation of NaCl according to Kossel's concept? [3]
55. Explain the formation of an ionic bond with two examples. [3]
56. Write the electron configurations and calculate the bond order of H , H2 and He2. Explain why bond length in
+

2
[3]
H
+

2
is longer than in H2?

57. Discuss the concept of hybridisation. What are the different types of hybridization that carbon can exhibit? [3]

58. What is meant by hybridisation of atomic orbitals? Describe the shapes of Sp, Sp2 & Sp3 hybrid orbitals. [3]
59. Write the M.O. electron distribution of O2. Specify its bond order and magnetic property. [3]

60. Define dipole moment. What are the units of dipole moment? [3]
61. What are Lewis structures? Write the Lewis Structure of H2, BeF2, H2O. [3]
62. Which out of NH3 and NF3 has a higher dipole moment and why? [3]

63. Distinguish between a sigma bond and a pi bond. [3]

64. Although geometries of NH3 and H2O molecules are distorted tetrahedral, the bond angle in water is less than [3]
that of ammonia. Discuss.
65. Interpret the non-linear shape of H2S molecule and non-planar shape of PCI3 using valence shell electron pair [3]
repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
Section E
66. Structures of molecules of two compounds are given below. [5]

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 i. Which of the two compounds will have intermolecular hydrogen bonding and which compound is expected
to show intramolecular hydrogen bonding?
ii. The melting point of a compound depends on among other things, the extent of hydrogen bonding. On this
basis, explain which of the above two compounds will show higher melting point?
iii. The solubility of compounds in water depends on the power to form hydrogen bonds with water. Which of
the above compounds will form a hydrogen bond with water easily and be more soluble in it?
67. Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules? [5]
a. CH3–CH3;

b. CH3–CH = CH2;
c. CH3-CH2-OH;
d. CH3-CHO

e. CH3COOH

68. i. What factors the formation of the ionic bond. Explain with examples. [5]
ii. Arrange the following in increasing order of ionic character and also give the reason.
NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgO.

69. What is the type of hybridisation of carbon atoms marked with a star? [5]

a.

b. CH 3 − C H2 − OH

c.

d. C H 3
− CH = CH − C H3

e. CH 3 − C ≡ CH

70. Discuss the shape of the following molecules using the VSEPR model: [5]
BeCl2, BCl3 , SiCl4 , AsF5 , H2S, PH3

71. Describe the hybridisation in the case of PCl5. Draw the structure of PCl5. Why are the axial bonds longer as [5]
compared to equatorial bonds?
72. Use the molecular orbital energy level diagram to show that N2 would be expected to have a triple bond, F2, a [5]

single bond, and Ne2, no bond.

73. Write the Lewis structure of the nitrite ion, NO . [5]
−

74. In order to explain the characteristic geometrical shapes of polyatomic molecules, Pauling introduced the [5]

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 concept of hybridisation. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have nearly the same energy. There are
various type of hybridisations involving s, p and d-type of orbitals. The type of hybridisation gives the
characteristic shape of the molecule or ion.
Answer the following questions:
i. The hybridised orbitals are always equivalent in ________ and ________.
ii. Out of XeF2 and SF2 which molecule has the same shape as N O ion? +
2

iii. Out of (a) and (b) given below which has correct placement of lone pairs and bond pairs.

iv. Out of XeF4 and XeF2 which molecule doesn't have the same type of hybridisation as P(Phosphorus) has in
PF5?
v. Which of the following moleucle /ion does not have same number of Ione pairs?
a. SF4

b. PH3
c. ClO
−

d. XeF2

75. When anions and cations approach each other, the valence shell of anions are pulled towards the cation nucleus [5]
and thus, the shape of the anion is deformed. The phenomenon of deformation of anion by a cation is known as
polarization and the ability of the cation to polarize the anion is called as polarizing power of cation. Due to
polarization, sharing of electrons occurs between two ions to some extent and the bond shows some covalent
character.
The magnitude of polarization depends upon a number of factors. These factors were suggested by Fajan and are
known as Fajan's rules.
I. Greater is the polarization in a molecule, more is the covalent character.
II. As the charge on cation increases, its tendency to polarize the anion increases.
III. As the size of the cation decreases or the size of the anion increases, the polarization increases.
IV. The cations with 18 electrons in the outermost shell bring greater polarization of the anion than those with
inert gas configuration even both the cations to have same size and same charge.
Answer the following questions
i. Considering BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2 and BaCl2, predict which of the following statement is true?

a. BeCl2 is least ionic out of the given chlorides

b. Covalent character increases as the atomic number of the metal atom increases
c. BeCl2 has the highest melting point the given chlorides
d. All are highly ionic compounds
ii. Out of AlCl3 and AlI3 which halides show maximum polarization?
iii. Out of AlCl3 and CaCl2 which one is more covalent in nature?

iv. The non-aqueous solvent like ether is added to the mixture of LiCl, NaCl and KCl. Which will be extracted
into the ether?

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v. Out of CaF2 and CaI2 which one has a minimum melting point?

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