Identity Services Engine (ISE)

Introduction to Cisco ISE

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Module Overview
+ System overview
 Identity Services Engine (ISE) Overview

+ Next-generation Identity Management system

+ Similar to ACS but much more powerful
+ Context-based access
+ Network visibility
+ Centralized policy enforcement
+ Guest & endpoint management

+ Available as a physical or virtual appliance

+ 1 RU 3600-series Secure Network Server (SNS)
+ VMware ESXi/Red Hat KVM/Microsoft Hyper-V software image
 Identity Services Engine (ISE) Overview

+ Main features (2.4)

+ Centralized Management & AAA
+ Flexible rule-based policies
+ RADIUS & TACACS+
+ External Databases
+ Profiling
+ BYOD
+ Guest Services
+ Posture Assessment
+ TrustSec
+ Platform Exchange Grid (pxGrid) Integration
+ Internal Certificate Authority (CA)
 ISE Documentation

+ Cisco Documentation -> Security -> Identity Services Engine

+ https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/security/identity-services-engine/tsd-
products-support-series-home.html
+ See "Documentation Roadmaps"
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
The Policies

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 + Policies overview
+ Policy Elements
Module Overview
+ Policy Sets
+ Authentication &
Authorization Policies
 Policies Overview

+ ISE services are controlled through Policies

+ Authentication, Authorization, Posture, Profiler & more
+ Policies consist of rules that are generally processed top-down*
+ Default Rule (if exists) acts as a catch-all

+ Policies and/or Policy Rules are made of two types of Policy Elements:
+ Conditions
+ Matching criteria
+ Results
+ Action(s)
 Policy Elements

+ ISE offers a large set of predefined Policy Elements

+ Policy -> Policy Elements
+ Vary depending on the policy type
+ The structure of most elements is well-defined through Dictionaries
+ Policy -> Policy Elements -> Dictionaries
+ Catalogs of objects ISE understands, their attributes & allowed values
+ System vs User
+ Some elements come from external sources
+ E.g. Posture Updates
+ Useful Policy Conditions can be stored in the Library (Condition Studio)
+ Policy -> Policy Elements -> Conditions -> Library Conditions
 Policy Sets

+ Logical groupings of Authentication & Authorization policies

+ Default in ISE 2.3+
+ Simplify policy structure
+ Separate sets for wired/wireless/guest/etc. access
+ Processing
+ Policy-set-level rules are evaluated first (top-down) until a match
+ The Default Set is checked last
+ For the set to be processed, Allowed Protocols must be met
+ Rules within the processed set follow top-down first-match evaluation
+ Available for network access & device administration
 Authentication (AuthC) Policy

+ Establishes an Identity

+ Matched Rule Processing

+ Identity Store Selection
+ E.g. Identity Source Sequence
+ Identity Validation
+ PASS
+ FAIL
 Authentication Policy

+ Successful Authentication (PASS) leads to Authorization

+ Failure Scenarios (FAIL)
+ Authentication failed
+ User not found
+ Process failed

+ Failover Options
+ Reject
+ Drop
+ Continue
 Authorization (AuthZ) Policy

+ Determines access to the network/device

+ Authorization Policy Types
+ Standard
+ Exception
+ Local vs Global
+ Exception rules take precedence over Standard rules
+ Top-down, first-match
+ The "Multiple Matched" option is deprecated since 2.3

+ A matching rule returns an Authorization Profile

+ Set of permissions to be enforced on the session
 Authorization Policy

+ Policy Enforcement Methods

+ Downloadable ACL (dACL)
+ VLAN Segmentation
+ Web Authentication
+ Central or Local
+ Security Group Tag (SGT)
+ Any other RADIUS AV Pairs (including VSAs)
+ MACsec Policy, Reauthentication, Smartport Macros & more
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Integrating with Active Directory

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Module Overview + Prerequisites
+ Example
 AD Integration

+ Prerequisites
+ ISE Super/System User account
+ Time synchronization (NTP)
+ Port openings
+ DNS
+ MS-RPC
+ Kerberos
+ LDAP & LDAP (GC)
+ NTP
+ IPC
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
AAA Overview

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 + Authentication,
Module Overview Authorization and
Accounting (AAA)
+ AAA Security Protocols
 AAA Overview

+ AAA is a framework for configuring three different security functions

+ Authentication is a process of providing and verifying an identity
+ May involve multiple factors/elements
+ Something you know (e.g. password)
+ Something you have (e.g. token)
+ Something you are (e.g. biometrics)
+ Authorization enforces a policy
+ Privileges, access level/scope etc.
+ Accounting is a process of tracking and recording activities
+ What and when
 AAA Security Protocols

+ AAA could be deployed directly on Network Access Devices (NADs)

+ Not scalable, limited AAA functionality
+ Centralized AAA is only possible with RADIUS or TACACS+
+ A client device (NAD) does AAA with a RADIUS/TACACS+ server

+ RADIUS vs TACACS+
+ Primary Purpose : network access (R) <-> device administration (T)
+ Transport : UDP 1812/1813 or 1645/1646 (R) <-> TCP 49 (T)
+ Security : user password (R) <-> entire payload (T) encryption
+ Protocol Design : authC + authZ (R) <-> separate AAA functions (T)
+ Standardization : industry standard (R) <-> Cisco proprietary (T)
+ EAP Support : yes (R) <-> no (T)
 AAA Security Protocols

+ RADIUS & TACACS+ exchange the client-server info using Attributes

+ Each Attribute is designed to carry a certain type of info (Value is the data)
+ TACACS+ Attributes & Values (AVs) are both Strings defined by Cisco

+ RADIUS Attributes
+ Supports 255 possible main numbered attributes (most IETF pre-defined)
+ Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) allows vendors to carry proprietary data
+ VSA is IETF attribute 26 & consists of a Vendor Type, ID & Length
+ Cisco AV-Pair (Vendor ID 9, Type 1) is a well-known Cisco’s VSA
originally created to extend basic RADIUS functionality with some
TACACS+ capabilities
+ protocol:attribute=value, e.g. shell:priv-level=15
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
AAA Components & Configuration

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Module Overview + AAA configuration
components
 AAA Configuration Overview

+ IOS AAA framework is by default disabled

+ Activate it with aaa new-model

+ AAA functions are controlled with Method Lists

+ Default
+ Custom (user-defined)
+ Must be activated
+ Overrides a corresponding Default List

aaa [authentication | authorization | accounting] service [name | default] method

 AAA Configuration Overview

+ AAA Method (database)

+ RADIUS
+ radius-server
+ TACACS+
+ tacacs-server

+ Database configuration
+ ACS
+ ISE
+ LOCAL
 Authentication (AuthC)

+ A process of verifying an identity

+ Commonly authenticated services
+ IEEE 802.1x (dot1x)
+ Enable password (enable)
+ Login (login)
+ To activate a custom list use login authentication under a line

+ Fallback Authentication
+ More than one method can be defined (backup)
+ aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local
 Authorization (AuthZ)

+ A process of enforcing a policy

+ Commonly authorized services
+ Network (network)
+ EXEC/Shell (exec)
+ To activate a custom list use authorization exec
+ Commands (command)
+ To activate a custom list use authorization commands
+ Console access is not authorized unless aaa authorization console

+ Fallback Authorization works similar to Fallback Authentication

 EXEC Authorization

+ Controls access to the CLI Shell

+ Yes/No
+ Shell attributes
+ Privilege Level (username privilege)
+ CLI View (username view)
+ Autocommand (username autocommand)

+ Works with RADIUS, TACACS+ and Local database

 Command Authorization

+ Controls access to individual CLI commands

+ Yes/No
+ Only affects access to commands at a configured level
+ E.g. aaa authorization commands 15 default group tacacs+
+ Consider aaa authorization config-commands

+ Works with TACACS+

+ Decouples authorization from authentication
 Accounting

+ A process of logging session activities

+ Common applications
+ EXEC/Shell (exec)
+ start-stop vs stop-only
+ To activate a custom list use accounting exec
+ Commands (commands)
+ To activate a custom list use accounting commands

+ Works with RADIUS or TACACS+

Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Controlling Administrative Access

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Module Overview
+ Configuration example
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Introduction to Profiling

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Module Overview
+ Profiling overview
 Profiling Overview

+ ISE uses Profiling for endpoint detection & classification

+ Relies on Probes & Policies
+ Profiling Probes analyze received network traffic
+ Collect endpoint attributes
+ Profiling Policies
+ Analyze attributes to determine the endpoint’s Profile

+ Profiling information aids in building accurate Policies

 The Process

+ Profiling is ongoing & consists of several steps

+ Analysis of the received network traffic
+ RADIUS, SNMP, DHCP and more
+ Extraction of profiling data
+ Attributes
+ Addresses
+ MAC, IP or both
+ Endpoint database update
+ Evaluation of the attributes against Profiling Policies
+ Usually results in Profile assignment or update
 Profiling Policies

+ Profiling Policies are similar to IPS signatures

+ Consist of Rules
+ If condition then action
+ Actions : Increase Certainty Factor (CF), Network Scan, Exception
+ May be hierarchical

+ Policy selection
+ Based on the highest total Certainty Factor (CF)
+ Rules with “Increase CF”
+ For the Child Policy to be selected its Parent must match as well
+ Ties are handled alphabetically
 Profiling Policies

+ Policy match aftermath

+ Profile assignment
+ If none Policy was matched, the endpoint gets profiled as “Unknown”
+ Identity Group assignment
+ Not very important since 1.2
+ May be useful for MAC address management (e.g. blacklisting)

+ Static Policy assignment disables Profiling for the endpoint

+ Manual
+ Exception action
 Profiling Policies

+ ISE comes with hundreds of Profiling Policies

+ New Policies can be downloaded through the Profiler Feed service
+ Custom Policies can be created
+ Tip : use high CF values
 Logical Profiles

+ A custom group of Profiling Policies

+ The Policies can be arbitrary
+ E.g. Cisco & non-Cisco IP Phones
+ Simplifies configuration of AuthZ Policies
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Change of Authorization

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Module Overview + Feature overview
+ CoA & Profiling
 Change of Authorization (CoA)

+ Standards-based (RFC 3576) RADIUS improvement

+ Allows a RADIUS Server to send unsolicited messages to its clients (NADs)
+ Critical for Profiling, Posture, and more
+ E.g. new endpoint attributes may result in re-profiling & different
AuthZ rule

+ Configuration
+ Wired : client under aaa server radius dynamic-author
+ Wireless : Support for CoA under Security -> RADIUS -> Authentication
 CoA & Profiling

+ ISE Profiler issues CoA (if enabled) under certain events

+ Endpoint profiled for the first time
+ Endpoint deleted from the database, and more

+ CoA Profiling settings

+ Global
+ Enable/disable CoA for Profiling
+ Off by default (“No CoA”)
+ Per-profile
+ Overrides the global CoA action in a given Policy
+ Requires CoA to be globally enabled
 CoA & Profiling

+ CoA Actions
+ Port Bounce
+ Simulates a link change (shutdown, no shutdown)
+ Reauth
+ New authentication with the same session ID
+ Also used instead of “Port Bounce” when 2+ MACs were detected on a
port

+ CoA can be disabled per Profiling Policy

+ No CoA
+ Exception action
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Profiling Probes

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 + Feature overview
Module Overview
+ Probe details &
configuration
 Profiling Probes Overview

+ Software collecting & analyzing network data for Profiling

+ Several Probes exist to collect different attributes
+ RADIUS, SNMP, HTTP, etc.
+ Most Probes are “passive”
+ Traffic must be delivered to ISE

+ Probes are useful if the collected data can be bound to an endpoint

+ Full MAC-IP address bindings are always desirable
+ HTTP, DNS & NetFlow
 RADIUS Probe

+ Originally used to gather MAC & IP address information

+ Calling-Station-ID
+ MAC
+ Framed-IP-Address (Accounting packets)
+ IP

+ RADIUS Probe is commonly deployed along with Device Sensor

 Device Sensor

+ Enables a switch/WLC to include additional profiling attributes inside of

RADIUS Accounting packets
+ CDP, LLDP & DHCP
+ Recommended for scaling the deployment

+ Configuration (switch)
+ Turn on RADIUS Accounting, Accounting VSAs, CDP/LLDP & DHCP
Snooping
+ Enable with device-sensor accounting & device-sensor notify all-changes
+ Verify with show device-sensor cache
 SNMP Probe

+ Only recommended if Device Sensor is not supported

+ TRAP
+ Sent by NAD to ISE on a link up/down event
+ Capable of collecting MAC address if MAC Notifications were enabled

+ QUERY
+ Sent by ISE to NAD to fetch CDP/LLDP/ARP data
+ In response to SNMP TRAP or RADIUS Accounting packet
+ Periodically
+ During Network Scan (NMAP)
 DHCP Probe

+ Useful to capture IP-MAC address bindings & OS information

+ DHCP (no SPAN)

+ Requires DHCP packets to be sent to ISE
+ Accomplished by using a Relay Agent (ip helper-address)

+ DHCP SPAN
+ Might be hard to deploy and cause replication issues
 HTTP Probe

+ Main source of the OS information

+ HTTP Request (User Agent)

+ HTTP (no SPAN)

+ Requires HTTP packets to be sent to ISE portals
+ Traffic will be profiled even if the Probe is disabled

+ HTTP SPAN
+ Commonly deployed in the Internet Edge
+ Might be too resource-intensive
 Other Probes

+ DNS
+ Acquires FQDN based on a reverse DNS lookup

+ Active Directory
+ Extracts AD-related information (Windows systems)

+ NetFlow
+ Profiles endpoints based on flow characteristics rather than attributes
+ NetFlow data may quickly oversubscribe a PSN
+ Only use Flexible NetFlow v9 along with a filtering solution (e.g.
Stealthwatch)
 Other Probes

+ NMAP
+ “Active” mechanism communicating directly with an endpoint
+ TCP/UDP Port Scans including SNMP walk
+ Activation
+ Manual
+ IP host, subnet
+ Dynamic
+ Profiling Policy “Take Network Scan”

+ Like HTTP & DNS requires ISE to already know the IP-MAC address
binding
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Enabling Profiling

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Module Overview + Configuration overview
+ Example
 Profiling Configuration

+ Enable the Profiling Engine

+ Administration -> System -> Deployment -> General Settings -> Enable
Profiling Service

+ Activate Probes
+ Administration -> System -> Deployment -> Profiling Configuration

+ Configure Probe-related ISE & NAD settings

+ Most Probes require NADs to be added to Network Devices
 Profiling Configuration

+ RADIUS
+ Enabled by default
+ Configure NADs for Device Sensor if needed

+ SNMP
+ TRAP
+ NAD : snmp-server host + snmp-server enable traps
+ QUERY
+ NAD : snmp-server community or according to v3
+ Configure SNMP settings on the NAD profile
 Profiling Configuration

+ DHCP
+ Copy DHCP Packets to ISE with a Relay (ip helper-address)
+ Tune with no ip forward protocol udp
+ DHCP Server won’t forward local DHCP packets
+ For DHCP SPAN configure SPAN/RSPAN with ISE as a session destination
+ For wireless disable DHCP Proxy (Controller -> Advanced -> DHCP)
+ Still requires a “wired” Relay

+ DNS
+ Configure DNS Server with entries for Reverse Lookups
 Profiling Configuration

+ HTTP
+ Configure an appropriate Web Portal
+ The Probe does not even have to be enabled
+ For HTTP SPAN configure SPAN/RSPAN with ISE as a session destination

+ Active Directory
+ Configure your AD server

+ NetFlow
+ Configure (Flexible) NetFlow v9 on NADs with ISE as an exporter
 Profiling Configuration

+ NMAP
+ Run a scan manually
+ Specify SNMP credentials under Work Centers -> Profiler -> Settings
+ Work Centers -> Profiler -> Manual Scans
+ Previously under Node’s Profiling Configuration
+ Tune Profiling Policies if dynamic scans are needed
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
802.1x

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 + Feature overview
Module Overview + 802.1x components &
process
+ Related features
 802.1x Overview

+ L2 authentication standard (IEEE) for wired & wireless networks

+ Used for identity-based networking
+ Implemented through EAP (EAP over LAN “EAPOL”)
+ A framework for exchanging arbitrary authentication data

+ 802.1x components
+ Supplicant
+ Client software
+ Authenticator
+ Policy enforcement (Switch/AP/WLC)
+ Authentication Server (RADIUS)
 802.1x Authentication

+ Authenticator drops non-EAPOL frames before/during AuthC

+ Cisco switches add exceptions for STP, CDP & LLDP

+ The Process
+ Authentication process starts on reception of a EAP Request Identity frame
+ Sent on link up/w-less connection or upon reception of EAPOL START
+ Authenticator acts as a proxy between Supplicant & RADIUS server
+ EAP data is extracted & encapsulated using two RADIUS EAP-specific
attributes
+ Authentication method is negotiated followed by authentication
 802.1x Authentication

+ Authentication results determine network access rights

+ Success (Access-Accept – EAP Success)
+ Allow access + return optional AuthZ data (dACL/VLAN)
+ Failure (Access-Reject - EAP Failure)
+ Wireless
+ No access
+ Wired
+ No access (reauthenticate after dot1x timeout quiet-period)
+ Next authentication method
+ Auth-Fail VLAN
 MAC Authentication Bypass (MAB)

+ An alternative authentication method for 802.1x environments

+ Needed for non-Supplicant devices (IP cameras, printers, etc.)

+ MAB Details
+ If enabled (mab), triggers after 802.1x times out (dot1x timeout tx-period)
+ In wireless for WLANs configured with MAC Filtering
+ Processed as “Host Lookup”
+ No password verification, authC based on presence of MAC address
+ Identified via RADIUS Service-Type 10 (Call-Check) & NAS-Port-Type
+ 15 (Ethernet)
+ 19 (Wireless)
 Flexible Authentication

+ Cisco’s 802.1x enhancement for wired deployments

+ Single configuration that fits all 802.1x authentication scenarios
+ Authentication method list (ordered)
+ authentication order [dot1x] [mab] [webauth]
+ Failed authentication fallback
+ authentication event fail action next-method
+ Authentication method preference
+ authentication priority [dot1x | mab] webauth

+ Not available for wireless 802.1x

Identity Services Engine (ISE)
802.1x Deployment Modes

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 + Monitor, Low-Impact &
Module Overview
Closed Modes
+ ISE considerations
 Deploying 802.1x

+ In the past most of 802.1x deployments initially failed

+ Supplicant problems, ID store/switch/RADIUS misconfig, wrong MACs, etc.

+ Cisco allows to deploy 802.1x in phases (“Modes”)

1. Monitor
2. Low Impact and/or Closed

+ Wireless 802.1x is “binary” and cannot be phased

+ No Monitor or Low Impact Modes
 Monitor Mode

+ Enables 802.1x authentication but without affecting users/endpoints

+ Provides full visibility to the devices connecting to the network
+ Allows to address any authentication issues prior to moving to the next
deployment

+ Monitor Mode components

+ Flexible Authentication & MAB
+ Multi-Auth Port Mode
+ RADIUS Accounting (802.1x)
+ Open Authentication (authentication open)
+ Profiling
 Low-Impact Mode

+ Provides partial network access prior to authentication

+ Useful for Preboot Execution Environments (PXEs), diskless workstations,
etc.

+ Low-Impact Mode builds on top of the Monitor Mode

+ Open Authentication is still critical
+ Pre-Authentication ACL
+ DHCP & DNS
+ Microsoft ports for Machine Authentication (Kerberos, LDAP, etc.)

+ Successful authentication extends the default policy

 Closed Mode

+ Works like original 802.1x

+ No data traffic is allowed before successful authentication
+ Perfect for VLAN-based segmentation
+ No IP address is assigned prior to authentication

+ Changes from the Monitor Mode

+ Open Authentication must be disabled
+ VLANs must exist prior to assignment
+ Including WLC subinterfaces
 Main Configuration Considerations (ISE)

+ Monitor Mode
+ Successful authentication for unknown endpoints (“Continue” action)
+ User/device specific authorization rules
+ No authorization profiles (e.g. dACL, VLAN)
+ Except for Voice Permission (IP Phones)

+ Low-Impact Mode
+ Authorization rule tuning
+ Authorization profiles
 Main Configuration Considerations (ISE)

+ Closed Mode
+ Authentication rules for wireless MAB & 802.1x
+ Authorization rule tuning
+ Authorization profiles

+ Using Network Device Groups (NDGs) may help in any deployment

+ One for each Mode
+ Separate Policy Sets
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Implementing Wired 802.1x

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Module Overview + Configuration syntax
+ Example
 802.1x Configuration

+ Switch
+ Enable AAA (aaa new-model)
+ Define RADIUS server (radius-server host or radius server name)
+ Enable 802.1x globally (dot1x system-auth-control)
+ Configure 802.1x method list (aaa authentication/accounting dot1x
default, aaa authorization network default)
+ Configure a switchport
+ Enable access mode (switchport mode access)
+ Activate 802.1x (authentication port-control auto)
+ Make it act as Authenticator (dot1x pae authenticator)
 802.1x Configuration

+ Port Settings (authentication port-control)

+ force-authorized (default)
+ force-unauthorized
+ auto

+ Port Modes (authentication host-mode)

+ Controls a number & type of devices allowed to connect through a port
+ single-host
+ multiple-host
+ multi-domain
+ multi-auth
 802.1x Configuration

+ Port Violations (authentication violation)

+ Port-Security behavior applies to single-host & multi-domain modes
+ shutdown (default)
+ restrict
+ protect
+ replace

+ MAC Move (authentication mac-move permit)

+ Allows to move already authenticated devices between the ports
 802.1x Configuration (optional)

+ Guest VLAN
+ Assigned to clients without Supplicant
+ Compatible with MAB (assigned if MAB fails)
+ Not supported on multi-auth ports
+ Enabled with authentication event no-response action authorize vlan

+ Auth-Fail (Restricted) VLAN

+ Assigned to clients that failed 802.1x authentication
+ Not compatible with MAB or WebAuth
+ For single-host ports only
+ Enabled with authentication event fail action authorize vlan
 802.1x Configuration (optional)

+ Critical VLAN
+ Assigned to clients if AAA server is not reachable
+ Enabled with authentication event server dead action authorize vlan

+ Other
+ RADIUS VSAs
+ radius-server vsa send [authentication | accounting], radius-server
attribute
+ CoA
+ Device Tracking
+ Pre-Authentication ACL
 802.1x Configuration

+ RADIUS Server
+ Add Network Devices
+ Configure Identity Stores & AuthC policy
+ Create authorization elements/profiles
+ Configure AuthZ policy
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Implementing Wireless 802.1x

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Module Overview + Configuration overview
+ Example
 802.1x Configuration (Wireless)

+ WLC
+ Add an interface & WLAN
+ Define RADIUS Server(s)
+ Secure WLAN
+ Authentication method
+ Advanced options
+ Create ACL(s) and additional interface(s) if needed
 802.1x Configuration (Wireless)

+ RADIUS Server
+ Add Network Devices
+ Configure Identity Stores & AuthC policy
+ Create authorization elements/profiles
+ Configure AuthZ policy
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Guest Services

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 + Guest access
Module Overview
+ Central Web
Authentication (CWA)
 Guest Services Overview

+ ISE provides a complete solution for guest users

+ Guest users are temporary and require limited network access
+ Deployed through a Local or Central Web Authentication (LWA/CWA)
+ CWA vs LWA
+ Centralized configuration
+ CoA support
+ AuthZ with dACLs & VLANs

+ Guests can be authenticated or not

+ Authenticated guests require special accounts
+ Created by Sponsors or via self-registration
 Default Guest Portals

+ Sponsor
+ Grants access through sponsored accounts

+ Self-registered
+ Allows access with accounts created by guests themselves (“self-register”)

+ Hotspot
+ Provides non-authenticated guest access

+ More than one portal can be configured & customized

 CWA Workflow

+ Applies to wired & wireless deployments

+ User connects to a 802.1x/MAB port or open SSID with MAC Filtering on
+ Successful MAB Authentication triggers Authorization
+ Set “Continue” for “User Not Found” to account for unknown
endpoints
+ A matching AuthZ rule (typically Default) returns a profile with CWA
+ Redirection ACL & Guest Portal URL
+ Authenticated host gets an IP (DHCP) & its web traffic reaches ISE portal
+ Successful web authentication (guest user/endpoint) triggers CoA
+ Re-Auth (authenticated guests) or Termination (non-authenticated
guests)
+ Results in a hit in a different AuthZ policy rule
 CWA Configuration Considerations

+ Authorization Policy
+ Authenticated guest sessions can be matched through a special condition
+ Network Access:UseCase Equals GuestFlow
+ If automatic guest Device Registration is on, guest endpoint groups can be
used
+ E.g. GuestEndPoints, GuestType_Daily or GuestType_Weekly
+ A must for Hotspot connections

+ Redirection ACL
+ Switch “permit” & WLC “deny” ACL entries define traffic to redirect
+ DHCP, DNS & IP traffic to ISE servers should be never redirected
+ Also applies to all ISE traffic sent to the client
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Distributed ISE

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 + Terminology
Module Overview
+ Deployment modes
+ ISE Personas
 Distributed ISE Overview

+ ISE Terminology
+ Node
+ Single ISE instance
+ Persona
+ A role describing the main function of a Node
+ Service refers to individual features Persona provides

+ Deployment Models
+ Standalone
+ Distributed
+ Redundancy & improved performance
 ISE Personas

+ Policy Administration Node (PAN)

+ Handles all system & policy related configuration (“mothership”)
+ Synchronizes databases of all other nodes

+ Redundancy
+ Primary & Secondary PAN
+ Active/Standby
+ Standby unit (Secondary) is not used – it gets all config from the Active unit
+ Failover
+ Manual
+ Automatic
+ Health checks of the Primary PAN are made by an additional node
 ISE Personas

+ Policy Service Node (PSN)

+ Delivers all configured services (“workhorse”)

+ Redundancy
+ Multiple PSNs
+ Since all PSNs have the same database, NADs can pick any of them
+ Sessions can be load-balanced with radius-server load-balance
+ Larger designs might be simplified by “hiding” PSNs behind one IP
+ Load Balancer
+ Anycast
 Node Groups

+ An optimization mechanism for PSN deployments

+ Improved convergence of services based on URL redirection
+ A failure of a group member triggers CoA on another node
+ Allows to reestablish all disconnected sessions through another PSN
+ Reduced replication
+ Less significant attributes can be shared directly instead of via PAN

+ Works best for PSNs that are local (LAN) or behind a load balancer
 ISE Personas

+ Monitoring & Troubleshooting (MnT)

+ Enables ISE to function as a Log Collector
+ Stores logs from all other nodes – PAN & PSNs

+ Redundancy
+ Primary & Secondary MnT
+ Active/Standby but logs from PAN & PSNs are sent to both units
+ Failover happens automatically but databases are not synced on node
recovery
 ISE Personas

+ pxGrid
+ Shares context-sensitive data with other systems
+ NGFW, Stealthwatch, non-Cisco ISE partner systems (“ecosystems”)

+ Redundancy
+ Primary & Secondary pxGrid
+ Active/Standby with automatic failover
Identity Services Engine (ISE)
Deploying ISE Multinode

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Module Overview + Before you start
+ Configuration
 Before You Start

+ Prerequisites
+ IP connectivity
+ DNS server
+ Forward & reverse entries for all nodes
+ Certificate setup
+ Primary PAN must be able to validate Admin cert of each Secondary
node
+ Add appropriate CA certificate(s) under Certificate Trust List (CTL)
+ Self-signed certificates are not recommended but may be used
+ Time synchronization (NTP)
+ Certificates, Logs & Reports
 Configuration

+ Primary PAN
+ Designate one node as mothership
+ Administration -> System -> Deployment
+ MnT persona is also required but may be then disabled

+ Registration
+ Register all other units (Secondary nodes) on the Primary PAN
+ Administration -> System -> Deployment -> Register
+ Successful registration results in config replication (Primary -> Secondary)
+ Configuration changes should be only done on the Primary PAN