Chapter 4: Movement in Two

Dimensions

1
Question 1: A golf ball is being shot out of a sand dune on the edge of a cliff.
The x and y coordinates with respect to time are given by the following
expressions:

𝑥 = 36 𝑚/𝑠 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 8 𝑚/𝑠 𝑡 − 4,9 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑡 2

Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑟Ԧ = 36𝑡 𝑖Ƹ + 8𝑡 − 4,9𝑡 2 𝑗Ƹ
(a) Using the unit vectors i ̂ and j ,̂ write a time-relative vector expression for
the position 𝑟.
Ԧ 𝑏 𝑣Ԧ = 36 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑖Ƹ + 8 𝑚Τ𝑠 − 9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑗Ƹ

Taking derivatives of your results, as a function of time,

𝑐 𝑎Ԧ = −9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑗Ƹ
Write relations for
𝑑 Ԧ 𝑠) = 36 ∙ 4𝑖Ƹ + 8 ∙ 4 − 4,9 ∙ 42 𝑗Ƹ
𝑟(4
(b) velocity vector, (c) acceleration vector.
𝑟(4
Ԧ 𝑠) = 144 𝑚 𝑖Ƹ + −46,4 𝑚 𝑗Ƹ
Your ball is at t=4 s,

Use unit vector notation to write 𝑒 𝑣Ԧ 4 𝑠 = 36 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑖Ƹ + 8 𝑚Τ𝑠 − 9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 4 𝑠 𝑗Ƹ

(d) position, (e) velocity, and (f) acceleration. 𝑣Ԧ 4 𝑠 = 36 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑖Ƹ − 31,2 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑗Ƹ

𝑓 𝑎Ԧ 4 𝑠 = −9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑗Ƹ

2
Question 2: At t=0, a particle moving in the xy plane with Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑣Ԧ𝑠 = 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
Ԧ
constant acceleration has a velocity of 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 =(2 𝑖−2j
Ƹ ̂ ) m∕s at its
origin. At t=2 s, the velocity of the particle is 𝑣Ԧ𝑓 =(10i ̂+8j ̂ ) 𝑣Ԧ𝑠 − 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 10𝑖Ƹ + 8𝑗Ƹ − 2𝑖Ƹ − 2𝑗Ƹ
𝑎Ԧ = = = 4𝑖 Ƹ + 5𝑗 Ƹ 𝑚 Τ𝑠 2
𝑡 2
m∕s.

(a) the acceleration of the particle, and 1 2 1

𝑏 Ԧ = 2 𝑖 Ƹ − 2𝑗 Ƹ 𝑡 + 4 𝑖 Ƹ + 5𝑗 Ƹ 𝑡 2
𝑟Ԧ𝑠 = 𝑟Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2 2
(b) Find the coordinates at any given moment.
𝑥 = 2𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 𝑚 𝑦 = 2,5𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 𝑚

3
Question 3: A fish swimming in a horizontal plane has a
velocity 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 =(5 𝑖Ƹ +3j ̂ ) m∕s at the point where 𝑟Ԧ𝑖 =(9 𝑖Ƹ −3j ̂ ) m ∆𝑣𝑥 25 − 5
Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑎𝑥 =
∆𝑡
=
25
= 0,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
is displaced from a given rock. After the fish swims with a
∆𝑣𝑦 −7 − 3
constant acceleration of 25 s, its velocity is 𝑣Ԧ =(25𝑖Ƹ −7j ̂ ) m∕s. 𝑎𝑦 = = = −0,4 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
∆𝑡 25
−0,4
(a) What are the components of acceleration? 𝑏 𝜃 = tan−1 = −26,6° → 333° (From the +x−axis)
0,8
𝑐 𝑡 = 20 𝑠 ′ 𝑑𝑒
(b) What is the direction of acceleration with respect to the 1 1
𝑥𝑠 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 = 9 + 5 20 + 0,8 20 2 = 269 𝑚
2 2
unit vector 𝑖?Ƹ 1 1
𝑦𝑠 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2 = −3 + 3 20 + −0,4 20 2 = −23 𝑚
2 2
(c) If the fish maintains its initial acceleration, where is it at
𝑣𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = 5 + 0,8 20 = 21 𝑚Τ𝑠
t=20 s and in which direction is it moving?
𝑣𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 = 3 − 0,4 20 = −5 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑣𝑦 −5
𝜃 = tan−1 = tan−1 = −13,4°
𝑣𝑥 21

4
Question 4: A particle that was originally located at the 1 2 1
Çözüm: 𝑎 Ԧ = 7𝑡 𝑖Ƹ + 5𝑡 2 𝑗Ƹ 𝑚
𝑟Ԧ𝑠 = 𝑟Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2 2
origin, 𝑎Ԧ =5 𝑗Ƹ has an acceleration of m∕s^2 and an initial
Ԧ = 7𝑖Ƹ + 5𝑡𝑗Ƹ 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑣Ԧ𝑠 = 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
velocity of 𝑣Ԧ𝑖 =7 𝑖 m∕s.
1
𝑏 𝑟Ԧ𝑠 = 7 4 𝑖Ƹ + 5 4 2 𝑗Ƹ = 28𝑖Ƹ + 40𝑗Ƹ 𝑚
(a) Vector position and velocity at any time t; 2

𝑥𝑠 = 28 𝑚 𝑦𝑠 = 40 𝑚
(b) Find the coordinates of the particle at t=4 s and the
magnitude (velocity) of its velocity. 𝑣Ԧ𝑠 = 7𝑖Ƹ + (5)(4)𝑗Ƹ = 7𝑖Ƹ + 20𝑗Ƹ 𝑚Τ𝑠

2 2
𝑣𝑠 = 𝑣Ԧ𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑠 + 𝑣𝑦𝑠 = 72 + 202 = 21,2 𝑚Τ𝑠

5
Question 5: A person slides an empty glass across the table.
The cup slides off the edge of the countertop, hitting the
𝑥𝑠 1,6
upholstery at a distance of 1.6 m from the base. If the height Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 → 𝑡 = =
𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑣𝑥𝑖
of the countertop is 0.9 m,
2
1 1 1,6
𝑦𝑠 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2 → 0 = 0,9 + −9,8
(a) How quickly does the cup leave the counter? 2 2 𝑣𝑥𝑖

(b) What is the direction of the speed of the cup before it 2

4,9 1,6
𝑣𝑥𝑖 = = 3,73 𝑚Τ𝑠
hits the full slab? 0,9

1,6
𝑏 𝑣𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 = 0 + −9,8 = −4,20 𝑚Τ𝑠
3,73

𝑣𝑦𝑠 −4,20
𝜃 = tan−1 = tan−1 = −48,4°
𝑣𝑥𝑠 3,73

6
Question 6: An artillery shell is fired at a speed of 350 m∕s Çözüm: 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 𝑡
65° above the horizontal. The bullet explodes on the
𝑥 = 350 cos 65° 50
mountainside 50 s after it is fired. Where the projectile
exploded, relative to the point of firing, what are the x and y 𝑥 = 7,4 × 103 𝑚
coordinates?
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 = 𝑣𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2 2
1 2
𝑦 = 350 sin 65° 50 − 9,8 50 = 3,6 × 103 𝑚
2

7
Question 7: A cannon is fired from the top window of a Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 t = 12 cos 30° 2 = 20,8 𝑚
building. The ball is given an initial velocity of 12 m∕s at an 1
𝑏 𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
angle of 30° below the horizontal. The ball hits the ground 2
1 2
after 2 s. 𝑦𝑠 = 12 sin 30° 2 + 9,8 2 = 31,6 𝑚
2

(a) How far horizontally does the ball hit the ground from the 1
𝑐 15 = 12 sin 30° 𝑡 + 9,8 𝑡 2
2
floor of the building?
4,9𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 15 = 0
(b) Find the height at which the ball was launched.
−6 ± 6 2 − 4 4,9 −15
(c) How long does it take for the gun to reach a point 15 m 𝑡= = 1,24 𝑠
2 4,9
below the level of the shot?

Neglect the friction of the air.

8
Question 8: A cannon with a muzzle velocity of 1500 m∕s is
used to initiate an avalanche on the slope of a mountain. The
target is 3000 m horizontally from the ball and 1200 m Çözüm: 1200𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 19,6 = 3000 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
upwards. The ball should be fired above the horizontal, at sin 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃
2
what angle? 2
1200𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 19,6 2
= 3000 1 − cos2 𝜃 cos 𝜃

10440000𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 − 8952960𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 384 = 0

Çözüm: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 𝑎
𝑥𝑠 𝑥𝑠 3000 2 10440000𝑎2 − 8952960𝑎 + 384 = 0
𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 → 𝑡 = = = =
𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃 1500 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
1 𝑥1,2 =
2𝑎
𝑦𝑠 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑎 = 0,858 𝑎 = 4,29 × 10−5
2
2 1 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 0,858 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 4,29 × 10−5
1200 = 1500 sin 𝜃 − 9,8
cos 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 0,926 cos 𝜃 = 6,55 × 10−3
𝜃 = 22,18° 𝜃 = 89,62°
9
 𝑔𝑥𝑠2
Question 9: A footballer shoots a goal 60 m away from the Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑦𝑠 = 𝑥𝑠 tan 𝜃𝑖 − 2
2𝑣𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑖
ball and half the crowd hopes that the ball will graze the goal
9,8 60 2
crossbar, which is 2.44 m high. When the shot is taken, the 𝑦𝑠 = 60 tan 50° − = 3,20 𝑚
2 25 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 50°
ball leaves the ground at a speed of 25 m∕s at an angle of 50°
3,20 − 2,44 = 0,76 𝑚
to the horizontal. The time it takes
𝑣𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 25 sin 50° for the ball to
𝑏 𝑡1 = = = 1,95 𝑠
(a) How far away or close to the goal post does the ball fall? 𝑔 9,8 reach its
maximum height
(b) Does the ball approach the crossbar as it rises or falls? 𝑥𝑠 60 Time of the
𝑡2 = = = 3,73 𝑠 ball traveling
𝑣𝑥𝑖 25 cos 50°
horizontally
60 m
𝑡2 > 𝑡1 As it is, the ball approaches as it goes
down.
10
Question 10: A firefighter 45 m away from a burning building
sprays the water cannon coming out of the mouth of the
hose at an angle of 37° above the horizontal as shown in the
figure. If the speed of the pressurized water is 50 m∕s, at Çözüm:
what height does the water hit the building? 𝑥𝑠 45
𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 𝑡 → 𝑡 = = = 1,13 𝑠
𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 50 cos 37°

1 1
𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2 → 𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2
2 2

1 2
𝑦𝑠 = 50 sin 37° 1,13 − 9,8 1,13
2

𝑦𝑠 = 27,7 𝑚

11
Question 11: An athlete in the figure is spinning a 2 kg disc
along a circular path with a radius of 1.2 m. The maximum
velocity of the disk is 18 m∕s. Calculate the magnitude of the
𝑣2 18 2
maximum radial acceleration of the disk. Çözüm: 𝑎𝑟 = = = 270 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
𝑟 1,2

12
Question 12: A wheel with a radius of 0.4 m rotates at a Çözüm: 2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 0,4 𝑚
𝑣𝑡 = = = 12,57 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑇 60 𝑠
constant speed of 300 revolutions per minute. Find the 300 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑟
velocity and acceleration of a small piece of stone (on the
outermost edge) embedded in the nail of the wheel. 𝑣2 12,57 2
𝑎= = = 395 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 (𝑖ç𝑒 𝑑𝑜ğ𝑟𝑢)
𝑅 0,4

13
Question 13: When a train is turning a corner, it reduces its Çözüm:
1 𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑡
speed from 100 km∕h to 60 km∕h within 15 s. The radius of 𝑣2 60 𝑘𝑚Τ𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑡 103 𝑚Τ𝑘𝑚
3600 𝑠
𝑎𝑟 = = = 1,85 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
the bend is 150 m. Calculate the acceleration as soon as the 𝑟 150 𝑚

speed of the train reaches 60 km∕h. 1 𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑡

∆𝑣 −40 𝑘𝑚Τ𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑡 103 𝑚Τ𝑘𝑚
3600 𝑠
𝑎𝑡 = = = −0,741 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
∆𝑡 15 𝑠

𝑎= 𝑎𝑟2 + 𝑎𝑡2 = 1,85 2 + −0,741 2 = 1,99 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 (𝑖ç𝑒 𝑑𝑜ğ𝑟𝑢)

𝑎𝑡 0,741
𝜃 = tan−1 = tan−1 = 21,8°
𝑎𝑟 1,85

14
Question 14: The car, whose speed increases by a value of Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑎𝑡 = 0,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
0.8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 , travels along a circular road with a radius of 15 m.
When the sudden speed of the car is 3 m∕s, 𝑣 2 32
𝑏 𝑎𝑟 = = = 0,6 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
𝑟 15
(a) tangential acceleration component,

(b) centripetal acceleration component, 𝑐 𝑎= 𝑎𝑟2 + 𝑎𝑡2 = 1 𝑚Τ𝑠 2

(c) Find the magnitude and direction of the total

𝑎𝑟
acceleration. 𝜃 = tan−1 = 36,9° (𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑖ç𝑒 𝑑𝑜ğ𝑟𝑢)
𝑎𝑡

15
Question 15: The figure shows the total acceleration and Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑎 cos 37° = 20 cos 37° = 16 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
velocity of a particle moving clockwise around a circle of 2 m
radius at a given moment. At this moment,
𝑣2
𝑏 𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑣 = 𝑟𝑎𝑟 = 2 16 = 5,66 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑟
(a) centripetal acceleration,

(b) the velocity of the particle,

𝑐 𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑡2 + 𝑎𝑟2 → 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑟2 = 20 2 − 16 2 = 12 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
(c) Find the tangential acceleration.

16
Question 16: A ball is dangling around a vertical circle at the Çözüm: 𝑎
end of a 2 m long twine. When the ball crosses the bottom
point by 37° and rises, its total acceleration is (−20,8𝑖Ƹ +
25,3𝑗Ƹ) 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 . At that time,

(a) Draw a vector diagram showing the components of this ′

𝑏 20,8 ve 25,3 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 components form the centripetal
acceleration. acceleration along the string.

𝑎𝑟 = 20,8 cos 90° − 37° + 25,3 cos 37° = 32,7 𝑚Τ𝑠 2

(b) (b) the magnitude of its radial acceleration, and
𝑣2
(c) (c) Determine the vector and scalar velocity of the ball. 𝑐 𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑣 = 𝑟𝑎𝑟 = 2 32,7 = 8,09 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑟

( 37° 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)

17
Question 17: A river has a constant velocity of 0.8 m∕s. A Çözüm: 2000
𝑡𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = 2,86 × 103 𝑠
1,5 − 0,8
student swims a distance of 2 km against the current and
returns to the starting point. If the student can swim in still 2000
𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = = 870 𝑠
water at a speed of 1.5 m∕s, how long does the round trip 1,5 + 0,8

take?
𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑡𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 2,86 × 103 + 870 = 3,73 × 103 𝑠
Compare this to the time it would take for the round trip if
the water had been stagnant. If the water were still,

𝑑 4000
𝑡= = = 2,67 × 103 𝑠
𝑣 1,5

18
Question 18: A compass on an airplane indicates that the Çözüm: 𝑣= 1802 + 402 = 184 𝑘𝑚Τℎ
aircraft is heading west. The speed of the aircraft relative to
the air is 180 km∕h. If a wind of 40 km∕h blows north, what
40
𝜃 = tan−1 = 12,5° (𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ − 𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡)
will be the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground? 180

19
 Solution:
Question 19: A science student is in an open-top freight car
Let us define the student as the observer of S′ and the teacher
of a train traveling along a straight, horizontal track at a as the observer of S.
constant speed of 15 m∕s. The student throws a ball into the
air in the direction he estimates to be at a 50° angle with the
horizontal and in the opposite direction to the train. The
For the initial transaction in S′,
student's teacher, who is standing on the ground near the 𝑣𝑦′
= tan 50° = 1,2
𝑣𝑥′
wagon, sees the ball rising vertically. How high does the ball
Let u denote the velocity of S′ relative to S. Since there is no
go? movement x in s, the following expression can be written:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥′ + 𝑢 = 0 → 𝑣𝑥′ = −𝑢 = −15 𝑚Τ𝑠

Therefore, the ball is thrown backwards in S′.

𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦′ = 1,2 𝑣𝑥′ = 1,2 15 = 18 𝑚Τ𝑠
2
18 2
𝑣𝑦 = 2𝑔ℎ → ℎ = = 16,5 𝑚
2 9,8

The motion of the ball seen by the student in S′ is shown in Figure

(b) and the teacher in S is shown in Figure (c).
20
Question 20: A 1.5 m long pendulum swings in a vertical plane. When the
pendulum is in two horizontal positions θ=90° and θ=270°, its velocity is 6 m∕s.

(a) Find the magnitude of their centripetal and tangential accelerations for
these locations.
𝑣2 62
Çözüm: 𝑎 𝑎𝑟 = = = 24 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
(b) Draw a vector diagram to determine the direction of the total acceleration 𝑟 1,5
for these two positions.
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑔 = 9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
(c) Find the magnitude and direction of the total acceleration.
𝑏

𝑐 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟2 + 𝑎𝑡2 = 24 2 + 9,8 2 = 26 𝑚Τ𝑠 2

𝑎𝑡 9,8
𝑎𝑟 = tan−1 = tan−1 = 22,2°
𝑎𝑟 24
21
Question 21: A basketball player who is 1.95 m tall is
standing 12 m away from the basket, as shown in the figure.
If the athlete throws the ball at an angle that makes it 45° 12
horizontally, what initial speed must he throw so that the ball
Çözüm: 𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 cos 45° → 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑖 cos 45°

passes through the hoop without hitting the rear panel? The
𝑦𝑠 = 3,04 − 1,95 = 1,09 𝑚
height of the crucible is 3.04 m.
1
𝑦𝑠 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2
2

2
12 1 12
1,09 = 𝑣𝑖 sin 45° + −9,8
𝑣𝑖 cos 45° 2 𝑣𝑖 cos 45°

𝑣𝑖 = 11,4 𝑚Τ𝑠

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Question 22: A soccer ball is shot towards the goalkeeper at
an initial velocity of 25 m∕s at an angle of 15° to the
horizontal. At that moment, the goalkeeper is 25 m away
Çözüm: 𝑣𝑖2 sin 2𝜃𝑖 25 2 sin 30°
from the player who shoots. In which direction and at what 𝑅= = = 31,9 𝑚
𝑔 9,8
constant speed should the goalkeeper run to catch the ball at
2𝑣𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 2 25 sin 15°
the level where the ball is thrown? 𝑡= = = 1,32 s
𝑔 9,8

∆𝑥 = 31,9 − 25 = 6,9 𝑚

6,9
𝑣= = 5,23 𝑚Τ𝑠
1,32

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Soru 23: Bir bombardıman uçağı, yerden 3500 𝑚 yükseklikte yere göre 300 𝑚Τ𝑠’lik hızla 1 ∆𝑥
Çözüm: 𝑎 ∆𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡 2 ∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 → 𝑡 =
2 𝑣𝑖
yatay olarak uçmaktadır. Hava direncini ihmal ediniz.
2
(a) Bomba bırakıldığı noktanın düşey olarak altında bulunduğu noktadan ne kadar uzakta 1 ∆𝑥 2
−2∆𝑦 2
∆𝑦 = − 𝑔 ∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖
2 𝑣𝑖 𝑔
yere çarpacaktır?

(b) Uçak başlangıçtaki hızını ve rotasını korursa, bomba yere çarptığı zaman uçak nerede −2∆𝑦 −2 −3500
∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 = 300 = 8,02 × 103 = 8,02 𝑘𝑚
olacaktır? 𝑔 9,8

(c) Yukarıdaki şartlar için, bombanın bırakıldığı anda görülen hedefe isabet edecek şekilde,
𝑏 Uçak, 𝑥 yönünde bomba ile aynı hızdadır. bu yüzden, uçak yere
teleskobik bomba vizörü, bombanın bırakılma noktasında düşey doğrultudan itibaren hangi çarptığı anda bombanın 3500 𝑚 yukarısındadır.
açı altında ayarlanmalıdır?
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 8020
𝑐 tan 𝜙 = → 𝜙 = tan−1 = tan−1 = 66,4°
∆𝑦 ∆𝑦 3500

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Question 24: A truck loaded with watermelons stops abruptly to avoid
reaching the edge of a closed bridge. The sudden stop causes many
watermelons to fly out of the truck. A watermelon is rolled over the edge in a 𝑥
Çözüm: 𝑦 2 = 12𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 → 𝑡 =
horizontal direction at an initial velocity of 𝑣𝑖 =15 m∕s. The cross-section of the 𝑣𝑖

movement under the bridge is the lower half of a parabola whose vertex is on 1 2 1 𝑥2
𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡 → 𝑦 = − 𝑔 2
the side of the road, given by the relation 𝑦 2 =12x, in x and y meters. What are 2 2 𝑣𝑖
the x and y coordinates when the watermelon hits down?
2
1 𝑥2 𝑔2 𝑥 4 𝑔2 𝑥 3
12𝑥 = − 𝑔 2 → − 12𝑥 = 𝑥 − 12 = 0
2 𝑣𝑖 4𝑣𝑖4 4𝑣𝑖4

4 1/3
48𝑣𝑖4 48 15
𝑥=0 3
𝑥 = 2 →𝑥= = 29,4 𝑚
𝑔 9,82

1 𝑥2 1 9,8 29,4 2
𝑦=− 𝑔 2 =− = −18,8 𝑚
2 𝑣𝑖 2 15 2

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Question 25: A skier leaves the ski springmill at a speed of 8 m∕s, at an angle of 20° to the
horizontal, as shown in the figure. The slope angle of the slope is 60° and the air resistance
is neglected.
1
(a) The distance d from which the skier descends on the slope;
Çözüm: 𝑎 ∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 ∆𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2

(b) Locate the velocity components before full landing. 8 cos 20° 𝑡
𝑑 cos 60° = 8 cos 20° 𝑡 → 𝑑 =
cos 60°
(How would the results have been affected if air resistance had not been neglected? Recall
that skiers lean forward with their hands at the sides to increase their jumping distance. 1
−𝑑 sin 60° = 8 sin 20° 𝑡 + −9,8 𝑡 2
Why is this action useful?) 2
8 cos 20° 𝑡 1
− sin 60° = 8 sin 20° 𝑡 + −9,8 𝑡 2
cos 60° 2

4,9𝑡 2 − 15,8𝑡 = 0 → 𝑡 = 3,22 𝑠

8 cos 20° 3,22

𝑑= = 48,4 𝑚
cos 60°

𝑣𝑥𝑠 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 = 8 cos 20° = 7,52 𝑚Τ𝑠

𝑣𝑦𝑠 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 = 8 sin 20° − 9,8 3,22 = −28,8 𝑚Τ𝑠

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