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BODY COMPOSITION ANALYZER
BC-418MA
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

This equipment conforms to the following Safety Standards, the EMC Directive and the required items in the Medical Device Directive.
Safety Standard : EN60601-1:1990, AM No.1:1993, AM No.2:1995
IEC60601-1:1988, AM No.1:1991, AM No.2:1995
EMC Standard : EN-60601-1-2:1993
IEC60601-1-2:1993
Medical Device Directory Standard :93/42/EEC:1993

<Corporation Responsible in the EU Region>

The Barn, Philpots Close, Yiewsley,
West Drayton, Middlesex,
UB7 7RY, United Kingdom
Tel : +44-1895-438577 Fax : +44-1895-438511

14-2,1-chome,Maeno-cho,Itabashi-ku
Tokyo,Japan
Tel:(03)3968-2123 / (03)3968-7048 Fax:(03)3967-3766


2625 South Clearbrook Drive Unit 301-303 3/F Wing On Plaza, Dresdener Strasse 25 Villa Labrouste
Arlington Heights, Illinois 60005 U.S.A. 62 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East, D-71065 Sindelfingen, 68 Boulevard Bourdon, Please read this Instruction Manual carefully and keep
Toll Free : (800) 826-4828 Kowloon, Hong Kong Germany 92200 Neuilly-Sur-Seine,
Tel : 847-640-9241 Tel : +852-2838-7111 Tel : 07031-6189-6 France it handy for future reference.
Fax : 847-640-9261 Fax : +852-2838-8667 Fax : 07031-6189-71 Tel : 01 55 24 99 99
http : //www.tanita.com Fax : 01 55 24 98 68

BC4187011(1)
 Safety Notes  Maintenance
Since this equipment is accurately manufactured and adjusted, please observe the following instructions.
● Never disassemble the equipment as this may cause malfunction. Users must not disassemble or adjust this equipment.
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Caution Symbols Please inspect the equipment in accordance with the regulations in your country.
Thank you for purchasing this precision crafted Tanita product. For optimum performance and safety, please familiarize ● Unplug the unit from the wall outlet when it will not be in use for long periods of time.
yourself with the Caution Symbols below. These symbols are designed to alert the user to potential hazards when using this ● In order to reduce the risk of a short circuit, please keep any liquid or metal objects (paper clips, etc.) away from the printer.
equipment. Ignoring these Caution Symbols may result in serious injury, or damage to the product. ● Keep the electrodes clean by wiping them with disinfectant.
Please be sure to review before proceeding with the INSTRUCTION MANUAL. ● Do not drop the unit, and avoid locations with constant vibration.
● Do not put this equipment in direct sunlight, close to heaters or near direct draughts from air conditioners.
● When transferred to any location where there is a difference of more than 20 degrees centigrade (40 degrees Fahrenheit),
wait 2 hours before using.

WARNING This symbol indicates the possibility of serious injury if the product is ● When disposing of this unit, please do so in accordance with the prevailing regulations in each country.

General Instructions for Accurate Measurement

mishandled or instructions are ignored.

CAUTION This symbol indicates the possibility of physical injur y or equipment

damage if instructions are ignored.
This equipment sends out a very weak electric current to measure impedance (electrical resistance) of the body. Therefore, in
principle, users need to use this equipment with bare feet. Moreover, since impedance fluctuates in accordance with the


distribution of body fluid, please observe the following instructions for accurate measurement.
This symbol indicates general precautions that should be taken when using ● To prevent a possible discrepancy in measured values, avoid taking measurements after vigorous exercise until sufficiently
this product. rested.
● To prevent inaccurately low body fat percentage measurements and other measurement errors, always hold both arms

WARNING
● Individuals with a Pacemaker or Other Internal Medical Devices straight down when taking measurements.
This equipment sends a weak electrical current through the body during measurement. Individuals ● As changes in body water and body temperature can have a major impact on measurements, measurements should be
who have internally implanted medical devices, such as Pacemakers, should not use this equipment made every day at the same time under similar conditions (always urinating before taking measurements, etc.) to get a
due to the risk of malfunction to the device that may be caused by the weak electrical current. more accurate picture of the measurements over time.
● Inserting and Removing the Power Cord ● Ensure that your arms are not touching your side and that the inner thighs are not touching each other during
To reduce the risk of electric shock or product damage, never insert or remove the power cord with measurements; if necessary, place a dry towel between your arm and side and/or between your thighs.
wet hands. ● Also, make sure the soles of feet are free of excess dirt, as this may also act as a barrier to the mild current.
● Do not under any circumstances dismantle or alter the device, as this could result in electric shock or ● False results may be reported after excessive food /fluid intake, or after periods of intense exercise.
injury as well as adversely affect the precision of measurements. * For further details, see the Technical Notes on page 36.
● To prevent fire hazard ● This equipment is designed for the majority of the population leading healthy lives with a regular lifestyle. For people
Use only a correctly wired (100-240VAC) outlet, and do not use a multiple outlet extension cable. suffering from sickness, or whose lifestyle is very different from the norm, it is recommended that the data from this
● Measurements for physically disabled persons product should not be used as an absolute value, but rather as a reference to observe the rate change.
Physically disabled persons should not attempt to take measurements alone, but instead should * For further details, see the Technical Notes on page 36.
have their caretakers assist them in using the device. ● If there are calluses on the soles of the feet, or an individual is wearing thin nylons, accurate measurement may still be possible. Place
0.5ml of water in the center of each electrode. This will act as a conductant, and may allow the current to pass freely through a thin

CAUTION
● When connecting the BC-418MA to a computer barrier.
Ensure that the computer conforms to IEC950. ● Measurement is sometimes impossible on a surface that is strongly vibrating. In this case, please move the equipment onto
● Cross Contamination a surface with little vibration.
The Body Composition Analyzer should be used with bare feet. Please be sure to clean the scale ● Do not take measurements while using transmitters, such as mobile phones, which may affect readings.
platform with appropriate disinfectant after each use. Never pour any liquid directly on the
scale platform, as it may leak and cause internal damage. Use a soft cloth and appropriate ethyl
alcohol to wipe off platform. Do not wipe the platform with strong chemicals. <Usage Conditions>
● Interpretation of Results
The data provided by this machine, as well as any supplementary information such as diet or Temperature Range for Use : 0°C / 35°C
exercise programs based on this data, should be interpreted by a licensed professional.
Relative Humidity : 30% / 80% (without condensation)
● Please make sure you place the Weighing Platform on a level and stable surface. If the equipment
is used when the Weighing Platform is unstable because not all feet are on the surface, there may
be a risk of stumbling or inaccurate measurement. <Storage Conditions>
Never jump on the Weighing Platform, there may be a risk of stumbling and malfunction of the
equipment. Temperature Range of Environment : -10°C / 50°C
● When handling printer unit, avoid any sharp edges. Range of Relative Humidity : 10% / 90% (without condensation)
● For the BC-418MA; Ensure you use the original AC adapter (MODEL: SA25-0535U). Using an AC
To avoid malfunctions, avoid storing the equipment where there is direct sunlight, significant temperature
adapter other than the original one may cause malfunction.
Do not insert or remove the plug by the cable. changes, the risk of dampness, a large amount of dust, in the vicinity of fires, or where there is the risk of
receiving vibrations or shocks.

<Power Source>
Value Range
Model Name BC-418MA
Voltage Range 100~240VAC
Frequency Range 50/60Hz
Electric Current Range 550mA

4 5
 1.Product Assembly and Components
쎱 Product Structure 쎱 Rear View of Control Box
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Please verify that the following components are in the package.
햲 Control Box
햲 Paper Dispenser Cover
햳
햳 Printer Cover 햵
햴 Control Panel
 RS-232C
햵 Digital Display
햶 Left-hand grip 햶 RS-232C Port
햷 Right-hand grip
햸 Column
햴 햷
햹 Anterior Electrodes
햺 Posterior Electrodes
햻 Level Gauge
햽 Adjustable feet
쎱 Digital Display
햸
Body weight mark Measurement unit mark (kg)
Indicates that the device is being Indicates that the weight is
used to measure body weight shown in kilograms

AC Adapter Clothes weight mark

Indicates that the weight of
kg
clothes is being subtracted
Cable P T
Gender mark (male) Stabilize mark
Indicates that the user is male MALE STABILIZE Indicates that the displayed
figure has stabilized
FEMALE cm / ft.in
Gender mark (female) Unit of height (cm / ft. in)
Indicates that the user is female ATHLETIC AGE ndicates that the height is shown in
either centimeters or in feet and inches
STEP ON % FAT
Athlete mark Age mark
햻 Indicates that the user is an Indicates that the figure shown
“athlete” is the user’s age

Ready mark Body fat percentage

Indicates that the device is Indicates that the figure shown

Platform 햽 ready to begin measurements is the body fat percentage

햹
햺

Accessories
Printer Paper Instruction Manual Bottom Cover Bottom Cover
(Technical Notes) Attachment Screws

Paper Width：58mm
Paper Roll Diameter：Maximum 55mm Column Attachment
Syringe Screws

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 2.Assembly Instructions
쎱 Membrane Switch
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Clothes Weight Setting Key Weight Only Key
Sets the clothes weight. Measures body weight only.
Even if the user is dressed, weight minus the weight of
clothes can be measured.

Feed Key ON/OFF Key

Advances the print paper. Turns the power on or off.

P T
Type BC-418MA
%Body Fat Range : 1%~75%
%Body Fat Increments : 0.1% Numerical Keys
Max 200kg
e=d= 0.1kg Inputs numerical values.
Min 2kg
L R
T= -200kg
Operation Temperature Range
0 / +35˚C

L R

Time Set Key

Sets the date and time.
Body part data display keys
Column
Used to display the measurement
Attachment
results for the right arm, left arm, Bottom Cover
right leg, left leg and trunk Screws
Body Type Keys Bottom Cover
CE Key
To select the appropriate body type Attachment Screws
Clears entries.
Tanita defines “athlete” as a person involved in intense physical activity of at least 10
hours per week and who has a resting heart rate of approximately 60 beats per minute 쎱 How to Attach the Column to the Weighting Platform
or less. Tanita’s athlete definition includes “lifetime of fitness” individuals who have 햲Remove the Bottom Cover.
been fit for years but currently exercise less than 10 hours per week.
햳Insert the one cables from the column into the holes on
Tanita’s athlete definition does not include “enthusiastic beginners” who are making a
real commitment to exercising at least 10 hours per week but whose bodies have not yet
the Weighing Platform.
changed to require the Athlete mode. 햴Tighten the four Column Attachment Screws and attach
Please see Technical Notes booklet for further explanation. the column to the Weighing Platform.
햵Connect the one cables from the column to the Weighing
Platform as shown in the illustration and replace the
Digital display Bottom Cover using the two Bottom
Cover Attachment Screws. When
replacing the Bottom Cover, please
kg place the cables in the right position
so that they will not get caught
P T
between the cover and the Weighing
MALE STABILIZED Platform. This may damage the
cables.
FEMALE cm
ATHLETIC AGE
STEP ON % FAT

8 9
 3.Preparation for Use
쎱 Connection and Installation 쎱 Loading the Printer Paper Roll
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CAUTION ● Please change the paper roll when red lines appear along the sides of the paper.

kg 1. Turn the equipment on by pressing the [ ]

P T key.
MALE STABILIZED “P.End” will flash in the middle of the screen.
Level Gauge FEMALE cm / ft.in This means that there is no printer paper.
Check
ATHLETIC AGE * When you do not have any printer paper to replace
STEP ON % FAT the old roll, press the [ ] key. “P.End” will
disappear and you can continue measurement.

2. Remove the Paper Dispenser Cover.

When you lift up the Paper Dispenser Cover from the
back of the Control Box, it can be easily removed.
For accurate measurement, place the Weighing Platform on as flat a surface as possible and adjust the level with the adjustable feet so the bubble in
the level gauge is in the center of the frame.

 CAUTION Make sure you place the Weighing Platform on a stable level surface and adjust the level with the adjustable feet. If the 3cm
3. Cut off the end of the printer paper where the
glue is (about 3 cm) in a straight line.
Weighing Platform is not stable because not all the feet are on the surface, for example, there is a risk of stumbling or
inaccurate measurement.
쎱 Connection of Plugs
 Please make sure to cut off the part with the
glue because the glue may hinder the paper
feeding through the printer.

DC Jack for AC Adapter

4. Insert the printer paper into the slit.
The printer paper is automatically rolled up and the
edge of the paper is cut automatically.
Please remove the cut paper.

 Please make sure you insert the printer paper

straight into the slit.
Pilot Lamp
Adjustable feet

5. Insert the catches of the Paper Dispenser Cover

into the guide holes.
* If a paper jam occurs, please refer to P. 25.

1. Insert the plug from the AC adapter into the DC jack on the back of the Control Box.
2. Connect the cable and the AC adapter and insert the plug on the cable into the wall outlet.

WARNING •To avoid electric shock, do not insert or remove the plug with wet hands.
•To avoid electric shock, do not use the equipment near water.

CAUTION •To avoid measurement error, do not measure while using equipment that generates radio waves,
such as mobile phones.

10 11
 4.Setting Date and Time 5.Mode Selection
쎱 Setting the date and time Set the functions (modes) that you want this equipment to start with. The selected modes will be automatically recorded.
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If it is not necessary to change the settings, the equipment will start up when you simply press the [ ] key.

 The printer function is ON in the display shown below. 쎱 Setting the number of printouts, the printout language, and the printout items
Select the number of print outs (0 - 9) and language. (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish)
kg 1. Push the [ ] key.
P T The entire display will begin to flash, and then the kg 1. While holding down the [0] key, press the [ ]
MALE STABILIZED clothes weight input screen will appear. P T key.
FEMALE cm / ft.in
MALE STABILIZED Release the keys after “Prt-1” is displayed on the
ATHLETIC AGE FEMALE cm / ft.in screen.
STEP ON % FAT
ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT
2. Push the [ TIME SET ] key.
kg
The date and time input screen will appear. 2. Select the number of print outs
P T
kg
The upper row of numbers show the year, the middle Using the numerical keys, enter the quantity of print
MALE STABILIZED P T
TIME SET FEMALE cm / ft.in
row the month and day, and the bottom row the time outs desired.
MALE STABILIZED
(hours and minutes). The maximum number is nine.

~
ATHLETIC AGE FEMALE cm / ft.in
STEP ON % FAT
* If no changes are to be made, press the [ TIME SET ] key again. [1]~[9] : Quantity of print outs
ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT [0] : No printout

3. Input the present date and time.
kg
Input the appropriate numbers, beginning with the
P T 3. Language Selection


kg
top row, in the flashing space.
MALE STABILIZED P T If “0” is selected at step 2, you cannot preset
Example: To input May 1, 2001, 6:03 p.m., press in
~

FEMALE cm / ft.in
MALE STABILIZED the language.
order the following keys:
ATHLETIC AGE FEMALE cm / ft.in The display will automatically change to the language
2 0 0 2 0 5 0 1 1 8 0 3
STEP ON % FAT
ATHLETIC AGE selection screen. The currently selected language will
* If you make an error while inputting a number, press the
STEP ON % FAT be displayed as a number.
[ ] key.
Example: (LNG-1) means English.
This will return you to the previous input space.
kg
Select the language desired using the numerical keys.
[1] : English
4. Press the [ TIME SET ] key. P T
kg [2] : French
The date and time are set, and the clock function is MALE STABILIZED
P T
[3] : German

~
FEMALE cm / ft.in
running.
MALE STABILIZED [4] : Italian
TIME SET cm / ft.in
The display will now return to the step prior to ATHLETIC AGE
FEMALE
STEP ON % FAT [5] : Spanish
ATHLETIC AGE
entering this mode.
STEP ON % FAT * The clock function is backed up by the rechargeable battery,
but natural electric discharge of the rechargeable battery
may occur if the device is not in use for an extended period kg
4. Printing selection
P T Printing contents are selected from numerical keys.
(more than 2 weeks); this will clear the settings, making it
STABILIZED
[0] : Short
necessary to reset the date and time. MALE

FEMALE cm / ft.in [1] : Long

ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT

kg
5. The display will automatically change to the
P T measurement screen after all the input has been
MALE STABILIZED
completed.
FEMALE cm / ft.in If further change to the print settings is desired,
ATHLETIC AGE please turn off the equipment and follow steps 1 - 4
STEP ON % FAT above.

 The equipment will start up with these settings next time you use it.

12 13
 쎱 Setting the Original Mode
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This process is utilized to select whether or not you use the target body fat ratio function. (See the printout sample
on page 16.)

<HINT! >
The target body fat ratio function is deactivated when this product is shipped from factory.

kg 1. Press the P T
key while holding down the key.
P T P T

MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in

ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT

kg
[0] : The target body fat ratio function is deactivated
[1] : The target body fat ratio function is activated


P T

MALE STABILIZED If the number of print outs is set to “0” during

or FEMALE cm / ft.in the process of “Setting the Number of Print
ATHLETIC AGE Outs and Language” on page 13, you cannot
STEP ON % FAT preset this item.

kg
2. After the input is completed, the display will
P T automatically change to the measurement
MALE STABILIZED screen.
FEMALE cm / ft.in

ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT

 The equipment will start up with these settings next time you use it.

14 15
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Sample

TANITA
BODY COMPOSITION
ANALYZER
B C —4 1 8
21⁄SEP⁄2002 19:29
BODY TYPE STANDARD
GENDER MALE
AGE 34
HEIGHT 179 cm
WEIGHT 73. 3 kg
BMI 23. 9
BMR 7294 kJ
1743 kcal
This section prints the both the
FAT% 13. 1 %
FAT MASS 9. 6 kg
body type and body FFM 63. 7 kg
composition data of the TBW 46. 6 kg
DESIRABLE RANGE
current user. FAT% 8–20 %
FAT MASS 5. 5–15. 9 kg

TARGET BF% is :
20%
Predicted weight : This section calculates the
79. 6 kg
Predicted fat mass : amount of fat that should be
15. 9 kg lost or gained to achieve the
FAT TO GAIN: Target BF% (preset by the user
6. 3 kg and health care professional).
Consul t your physician
before beginning any
weight management pro–
gram. Tanita is not re–
sponsible for deter–
mining your target BF%.

IMPEDANCE
Whole Body 551 Ω
Right Leg 212 Ω
Left Leg 214 Ω
Right Arm 292 Ω
Left Arm 309 Ω
Segmental Analysis
Right Leg <Printing selection and Goal Setter Mode>
Fat% 8.9 %
Fat Mass 1.1 kg Printing selection Goal Setter Mode Input Print Out
FFM 11.5 kg
Predicted MuscleMass STANDARD
10.9 kg
Left Leg ON
Fat% 10.1 % ATHLETIC
Fat Mass 1.2 kg [1]
Short
FFM 11.0 kg TARGET BF 00%
Predicted MuscleMass The measurement data for [0]
10.4 kg each body part – the predicted STANDARD
Right Arm OFF
muscle mass, the fat mass, and
Fat% 14.0 % [0]
Fat Mass 0.6 kg the body fat percentage – are ATHLETIC
FFM 3.6 kg printed out in this portion.
Predicted MuscleMass STANDARD
3.4 kg
Left Arm ON
Fat% 15.4 % ATHLETIC
[1]
Fat Mass 0.6 kg Long
FFM 3.5 kg TARGET BF 00%
Predicted MuscleMass [1]
3.3 kg STANDARD
Trunk OFF
Fat% 15.0 % [0]
Fat Mass 6.0 kg ATHLETIC
FFM 34.1 kg
Predicted MuscleMass
32.8 kg For this Printing Selection, please refer to the page 13.
For this Goal Setter Mode, please refer to the page 14.

16 17
 6.Operating Instructions
쎱 Body Composition Analysis 6. Set the Target Body Fat Ratio.
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kg
P T After you input the height, “GOAL” will


This explains the procedure when the printer function is turned on. Please be aware that the display may be MALE STABILIZED automatically flash on the display. Input the target

~
different if the number of printouts is set to [0]. FEMALE cm / ft.in body fat ratio desired using the numerical keys.
ATHLETIC AGE Example: 16% = Press [1] and [6].


쏹 Do not wipe the equipment with corrosive chemicals (gasoline, cleaner, etc.). Please use a neutral STEP ON % FAT 9% = Press [0] and [9].
detergent to clean the equipment. * If the number of print outs is set to “0”, nothing will
쏹 When the equipment has been transferred to any location where there is a temperature difference of be displayed.
* If the target body fat ratio is set to OFF, the target
20˚C or more, wait for at least two hours before using it.
body fat ratio will not be printed out.
쏹 In taking measurements, please keep the person away from the unit, who uses transmitters such as a
mobile phone avoid causing margin errors.
 쏹 Before you start a body weight management
program and set the appropriate personal
body fat ratio, please consult your doctor.
kg
1. Turn on the Power. Tanita is not responsible for setting the
P T
Press the [ ] key. appropriate target body fat ratio for specific
MALE STABILIZED
“0.0” will appear on the upper portion of the display. individuals.
FEMALE cm / ft.in 쏹 For details of the desirable body fat
ATHLETIC AGE percentage, please refer to the Technical Notes.
STEP ON % FAT Male athletes may wish to select a single digit
body fat percentage as their target. However,
2. Enter Clothes Weight. this is not recommended for Standard Adults, in
kg
P T
Enter clothes weight using the numerical keys. particular women, who should avoid becoming
Example: if the clothes weight is 2.0 kg, press [2], [.] excessively lean. Always consult a doctor about
MALE STABILIZED
and then [0].
~

FEMALE cm / ft.in the target body fat percentage most suitable for
ATHLETIC AGE
When the data input is completed, the data will be your body type.
STEP ON % FAT displayed as a minus number.

P T
kg
3. Select the Body Type.
Select the Body Type from Standard Male, Standard
 쏹Do not step on the Weighing Platform until the
target body fat ratio setting has been
completed because the power may be
Male Female
STANDARD STANDARD
Female, Athletic Male and Athletic Female. Please use the automatically turned off or the measurement
MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in
Athletic key when the user is 17 years or older and also may be inaccurate.
ATHLETIC ATHLETIC

ATHLETIC AGE
meets the following criteria. * If you want to change the settings, please press the
STEP ON % FAT See page 8 for Tanita’s definition of “Athlete.” [ ] key and the procedure will go back to the
former step. Please re-enter the data.
kg
4. Enter Age. 7. After “88888” is displayed on the upper portion
* If the user is 32 years old or younger.
P T
of the display, a flashing arrow will appear next
Example: Press [3] and [2].
MALE STABILIZED
to STEP ON .
~

FEMALE cm / ft.in * If the user is 9 years old or younger

kg kg
ATHLETIC AGE Example: press [0] and [9]. P T P T

STEP ON % FAT * If ages 16 or less are entered, even if Athletic is MALE STABILIZED MALE STABILIZED

selected for the Body Type, it will be automatically FEMALE cm / ft.in FEMALE cm / ft.in

ATHLETIC AGE ATHLETIC AGE

changed to Standard. STEP ON % FAT STEP ON % FAT

5. Enter Height. 8. Start Measurement.

kg
Example: If the user’s height is 172 cm, please press [1], [7] Step on the Weighing Platform with bare feet so they
P T
and then [2]. Posterior Electrodes touch the electrodes. Stand in a stable position without
MALE STABILIZED
bending your knees.
~


FEMALE cm / ft.in
Anterior Electrodes ● Do not use the hand grips, as you will only be
ATHLETIC AGE
measuring your body weight this time.
STEP ON % FAT

18 19
 9. Taking Measurement. 쎱 Weight Only Function
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kg
P T
Step on the weighing platform in bare feet. Make sure heels
are placed on the posterior electrodes, and the front part of
MALE STABILIZED
kg 1. After turning on the unit, press the [ ] key.
FEMALE cm / ft.in the feet are in contact with the anterior electrodes.
P T After a momentary display check, “0.0” will appear
ATHLETIC AGE
on the LCD. If measuring units need to be changed,
STEP ON % FAT
10.Measure the Impedance. MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in do so at this time by pressing the [ ]key.
When the grips are grasped with both hands,
ATHLETIC AGE An arrow on the LCD will follow the selection of
will appear at the bottom of the display and the
STEP ON % FAT weighing units.
impedance measurement will begin.
The marks will disappear one by one during the
measurement; after five full cycles, the measurement will be complete. kg
2. Weight Measurement.
Step on the weighing platform. Weight will be


P T
● Grab the grips (two locations) only after the body displayed on the LCD.
MALE STABILIZED
weight figure on the display has stabilized. FEMALE cm / ft.in
● Do not step off the Weighting Platform until
ATHLETIC AGE
the “ ” symbols disappear completely. STEP ON % FAT
● In cases when measurements of the body fat ratio
or the quantity of fat are abnormally small or the
error message (E01) is shown on the display, the kg
3. When measuring is complete, press the [ ]
probable reason is that the soles of the feet and the P T key to turn off the power.


electrodes are not in full contact. Make sure you MALE STABILIZED
● No printer is available when measuring
step on the Weighing Platform so there is contact FEMALE cm / ft.in
weight only.
between the electrodes and the soles of your feet. ATHLETIC AGE
● If body composition analysis is desired, turn
STEP ON % FAT
If the problem is not solved this way, it is possible the unit off and then on, using the [ ]
that the soles of the feet have calluses and the key.
resistance is too great. Therefore, place about 0.5
ml of water on each of the four electrodes where Important Note: There is no automatic weight lock
the feet touch before measurement. function.
kg
P T
11.Measurement Is Completed.
쎱 Setting of Clothes Weight
MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in Once the body weight and impedance measurements have
ATHLETIC AGE
been completed, the overall body fat percentage will be
STEP ON % FAT shown at the bottom of the display and a buzzer will sound. kg 1. Press the [ P T ] key.
If the printer is ON, the measurement results will be printed out. P T The arrow next to P T t will flash.
* With regard to the measurement result, please refer to P. 22. MALE STABILIZED

If the printer is OFF, the measurement results (predicted

P T FEMALE cm / ft.in

muscle mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage) for each ATHLETIC AGE

Left arm L R Right arm body part can be displayed using the ten-key pad. STEP ON % FAT

Select the number of the desired body part on the ten-key pad.
[4]: Left arm
2. Enter the clothes weight.
kg
Example: If the clothes weight is 2.0 kg, press [2], [.]
L R [6]: Right ar P T
Left leg Right leg and then [0].
[0]: Left leg MALE STABILIZED
* When you want to correct an entry, press the [ ]

~
[ . ]: Right leg FEMALE cm / ft.in
key and enter the data again.
Trunk [5] and [2]: Trunk ATHLETIC AGE

* See page 13 for details on printer settings. STEP ON % FAT

Step off the Weighing Platform.

kg
kg
3. Finalizing the setting
P T
12.When You Continue to Measure. P T
Press the [ P T ] key to finalize the clothes weight.
MALE STABILIZED
After printing is completed, go back to step 3. MALE STABILIZED
The finalized clothes weight is displayed with a
FEMALE cm / ft.in
Measure by entering the data in the same procedure. P T FEMALE cm / ft.in
minus, an arrow next to P T t lights up, and it
ATHLETIC AGE
ATHLETIC AGE
becomes possible to measure your weight.
STEP ON % FAT
13.Finish Measurement. STEP ON % FAT
Press the [ ] key and turn off the power.

20 21
 쎱 Explanation of the Print Out
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Sample
Body Fat Ranges for Standard Adults
Age Underfat Healthy Overfat Obese
TANITA
BODY COMPOSITION 20-39
ANALYZER
BMI:Body Mass Index is a height to weight B C —4 1 8
BMR:Basal Metabolic Rate represents the
ratio, and is calculated by the following
total energy expended by the body to
Female 40-59
formula: 21⁄SEP⁄2002 19:29 maintain normal functions at rest such as
Weight (kg)
Height (m2)
BODY TYPE STANDARD respiration and circulation.
Desirable Range 18.5 - 24.9
GENDER MALE 60-79
AGE 34
HEIGHT 179 cm
WEIGHT 73. 3 kg FAT MASS:Total weight of fat mass (in kg , 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
FAT%:The percentage of total body weight
BMI 23. 9 lb) in the body.
that is fat.
BMR 7294 kJ
1743 kcal 20-39
FAT% 13. 1 %
FAT MASS 9. 6 kg
FFM:Fat Free Mass is comprised of muscle, FFM 63. 7 kg TBW:Total Body Water is the amount of
bone, tissue, water, and all other fat free TBW 46. 6 kg water (expressed as lb, kg, or st.lb) retained
Male 40-59
mass in the body. DESIRABLE RANGE in the body. TBW is said to comprise
FAT% 8–20 %
between 50% - 70% of total body weight.
FAT MASS 5. 5–15. 9 kg 60-79
Generally, men tend to have higher water
weight than women due to a greater
PW:Predicted weight TARGET BF% is : amount of muscle. Underfat Healthy Overfat Obese
Calculated weight for the given Target 20%
BF%. Predicted weight :
79. 6 kg
* As reported by Gallagher,et al., at NY Obesity Research Center.
Predicted fat mass : To determine the percentage of body fat that's appropriate for your body,consuit your physician.
15. 9 kg PFM:Predicted fat mass
FAT TO GAIN: Caluculated fat mass for the given Target
FAT TO LOSE/GAIN: 6. 3 kg BF%.
Consul t your physician
Calculated fat mass to lose or gain to before beginning any
weight management pro–
achieve the Predicted Weight. gram. Tanita is not re–
sponsible for deter–
mining your target BF%.

Segmental Analysis
IMPEDANCE Right Leg Based on NIH/WHO BMI Guidelines
Whole Body 551 Ω Fat% 8.9 %
IMPEDANCE:Impedance reflects the body’s Right Leg 212 Ω Fat Mass 1.1 kg
Underwight BMI ＜ 18.5
inherent resistance to an electrical current. Left Leg 214 Ω FFM 11.5 kg
Muscle acts as a conductor of the electrical Right Arm 292 Ω Predicted MuscleMass
Normal Range
Left Arm 309 Ω 10.9 kg 18.5 ≦ BMI ＜ 25
current, adipose tissue acts as a resistor.
Left Leg
Fat% 10.1 % Pre obese 25 ≦ BMI ＜ 30
Fat Mass 1.2 kg
FFM 11.0 kg Obese CLASS l 30 ≦ BMI ＜ 35
PMS:Predicted Muscle Mass Predicted MuscleMass
means bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM) 10.4 kg Obese CLASS ll 35 ≦ BMI ＜ 40
Right Arm
Fat% 14.0 % Obese CLASS lll BMI ≧ 40
Fat Mass 0.6 kg
FFM 3.6 kg
Predicted MuscleMass
3.4 kg
Left Arm
Fat% 15.4 %
Fat Mass 0.6 kg
FFM 3.5 kg
Predicted MuscleMass
3.3 kg
Trunk
Fat% 15.0 %
Fat Mass 6.0 kg
FFM 34.1 kg
Predicted MuscleMass
32.8 kg

NOTE:Please refer to the Technical Notes for details.

 Please consult your doctor before you start a body weight management program. Tanita is not responsible for the
target body fat ratio.

22 23
 7.Clearing Paper Jams
쎱 Components of the Printer Unit 쎱 Clearing Paper Jams
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CAUTION
Please pay careful attention to avoid injury from the sharp edge.
Please turn off the machine before clearing Paper jams.

1. Remove the Paper Dispenser Cover.

If you lift up the Paper Dispenser Cover from the
back of the Control Box, it can be easily removed.

Automatic Cutter Unit Printer Paper Outlet

2. Remove the Printer Cover.

As shown in the illustration, from the front side of the
Control Box, use a finger to lift up the Printer Cover.

Paper Release Lever  The Printer Cover is firmly fixed by catches.

Please make sure not to drop the Control Box
when you remove the Printer Cover.

Auto-cutter
3. Lift up the Automatic Cutter Unit.
Unit From the front side of the Control Box, lift up the
Automatic Cutter Unit with a finger.

* This is a picture of the Control Box without the Printer Dispenser Cover and the Printer Cover, looking down 4. Raise the Paper Release Lever and remove the
from above. Paper Release jammed paper.
Lever
Remove the printer roll paper and the jammed paper.

5. Return the Paper Release Lever, the Automatic

Cutter Unit and the Printer Cover to the normal
position.
Insert the catches of the Printer Cover into the guide
holes of the Control Box and push it down slowly
while pressing the catches on both the left and right
hand sides until a click is heard.

 Failure to press down the Paper Release Lever

will result in continuous feeding of the printer
paper without it being cut automatically.

6. Return the printer paper roll.

Return the printer paper roll by following the
procedure in P. 11 [Loading Printer Paper Roll].

7. Return the Printer Dispenser Cover to the proper

position.
Press the Printer Dispenser Cover down slowly as the
catches of the cover go into the guide holes. P. 11.

24 25
 8.Troubleshooting
RS-232C Interface Instructions
쎱 Problem List This section describes the interface for outputting the BC-418 Body Composition Analyzer measurement results as
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RS-232C signals to personal computers and other external devices.
If problems occur, please refer to the following instructions before you ask for repairs.

Problem Solution
CAUTION Only connect IEC950-compliant computers to the BC-418.

Nothing appears on the display after • Please confirm that the Control Box is properly connected to the AC 쎱 Specifications 쎱 Signal lines and connection methods
pushing [ ] key Adapter and the AC Adapter is properly connected to the cable. Communication Standard EIA RS-232C Compatible Terminal number Signal name
Communication Method Asynchronous Transmission 1 F.G.
E-01 is displayed. • E-01 is displayed when the impedance shows an abnormal value
Signal speed 4800 baud 2 RXD
compared to height and weight.
Please make sure that measurement was carried out with bare feet, the Data bit length 8 bits 3 TXD
electrodes or the soles of the feet were clean, and the feet were correctly in Parity None 5 GND
contact with the electrodes. If the feet are dry or have calluses, place water on Stop bit 1 bit
1 23 5
the electrodes before stepping on the unit. Terminator CR+LF
• It is possible that the body fat ratio exceeds the measuring capacity.
Please stop measuring.

E-02 is displayed and the reading of • This sign is displayed when the body fat percentage of the trunk is too
the trunk cannot be obtained. low and is off the measureable range.
• Please refer to the readings of other parts for the body fat. ●Connection example Always use a reverse cable when connecting to an external computer.
E-11 is displayed. • E - 11 is displayed when there is a loose connection between the control Personal computer or
box and the weighing platform. BC-418MA other device
• Confirm that none of connections between the scale and control box are
loose or unplugged. 1. F.G. F.G.
• There may be excessive vibration which will disturb the measurement process.
2. RXD TXD
E-12, 13 or 14 is displayed. • The equipment requires readjustment. 3. TXD RXD
E-16 is displayed. • Measurement is not possible because impedance is unstable. In order to 4. RTS
improve electrical conductivity, please clean the soles of the feet or 5. GND CTS
place water on the electrodes before using the equipment.
GND
No print out • Please confirm the number of print outs selected is more than 0. (See P. 13)
DSR
• Please confirm that the correct brand of paper is used.
• Please confirm that the printer paper roll is placed in the correct position. DTR
• Please confirm that the printer paper is not jammed.
●An RS-232C connector (D sub 9-pin male) is located in the lower center on the back of the control box.
The printer paper does not come out. • Please confirm the printer paper is not jammed.
●Use an RS-232C cross cable when connecting to a personal computer or other device.
P.End is displayed and the equipment • The printer paper is used up. Please put in a new printer paper roll. (See P.11)
is incapable of taking a measurement. • Please confirm that the printer paper is being advanced properly. RS-232C connector (D sub 9-pin male)
• Please make sure that the Paper Release Lever is not in the “Up” position. (See P. 25)

---- is displayed. • It is possible that the maximum weight capacity has been exceeded.
Please stop measuring.

uuuu is displayed. • Do not stand on or put things on the Weighting Platform before starting measurement.
The power has turned off during measurement. Start measurement after confirming there is nothing on the Weighing Platform. RS-232C cross cable
Feed Key is not functioning. • It is possible that the number of print outs selected is 0 or the Weight
Scale Mode has been selected. Please select the Body Fat Measurement
Mode and select a number larger than 0 for the number of print outs. D sub 9-pin female

26 27
 쎱 Transmission data .Output data format
（2）

CAUTION
● Transmission data will be output after measurements regardless of the status of the Measurement data will be output in the following format.
personal computer or other device at the receiving end. For that reason, the ● A comma (,) is used as a separator between data items.
personal computer or other device to which data will be transmitted must be put in a ● The terminators marking the end of data are CR (ASCII code: ODH) and LF (ASCII code: OAH).
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reception-ready status before measurement. ● If the digits in the data do not reach the stipulated length for fixed length data, the data will be right-
.Output data items
（1） justified for output, with a zero (0) (ASCII code: 30H) entered in any empty spaces.
Output data (ASCII code)
Date kg mode lb mode Byte Langth
Date “dd/mm/yy” (date/month/year) “dd/mm/yy” (date/month/year) 10 Comma
Time “hh:mm” (hour:minutes) “hh:mm” (hour:minutes) 7
” d d ／mm／ y y ” , ” h h : mm” , x , x , x x x x x , x x x . x ,
Body type 0: standard 2: athlete 0: standard 2: athlete 1
Gender 1: male 2: female 1: male 2: female 1 Date Time Body type Gender Height Weight
Height xxxxx (cm) xxx.x (inch) 5
Weight xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Comma
Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4
Fat mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 xx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xx , xxx . x , xxxxx ,
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
Body water mass Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Body water mass Age BMI BMR
xxx.x (kg) xxx.x lb) 5
Age xx xx 2
BMI Comma Comma
xxx.x xxx.x 5
BMR xxxxx (kJ) xxxxx (kJ) 5 xxx , xx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x ,
Impedance Whole body xxx (Ω) xxx (Ω) 3
Right leg xxx (Ω) xxx (Ω) 3 Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Whole body impedance
Left leg xxx (Ω) xxx (Ω) 3
Right arm Right leg
xxx (Ω) xxx (Ω) 3
Left arm xxx ,
xxx (Ω) xxx (Ω) 3
Comma
Right leg Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4
Fat mass Right leg impedance
xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 xx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x ,
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
Predicted muscle mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 xxx , Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Left leg Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4
Left leg
Fat mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Left leg impedance
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Comma
Predicted muscle mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
xxx ,
Right arm Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4 xx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x ,
Fat mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
Right arm impedance Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
Predicted muscle mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Right arm
Left arm Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4 xxx ,
Fat mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Comma
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Left arm impedance
Predicted muscle mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 xx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x , xxx . x ,
Trunk Body fat percentage xx.x (%) xx.x (%) 4
Fat mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Fat free mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5 Left arm
Predicted muscle mass xxx.x (kg) xxx.x (lb) 5
Comma

 Data will not be output if the [ ] key is used to switch to the body weight only mode.
x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x CR LF

 Calculations are made using 1kcal = 4.184kJ. Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Trunk
Terminator

28 29
 Output (Fat Monitor Mode) Format 쎱 Control Commands
쎱 Transmission Data When in Remote mode, the body fat analyzer may be operated remotely by sending control commands from a host.

CAUTION ● The receiving PC must be ready to accept output data immediately after
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U ? CR LF U? : Confirm current setting
measurement is completed. commands
U 0 CR LF U0: Use cm/kg mode
Output data U
U 1 CR LF U1: Use in/lb mode
Byte Length
K: unit of weight kg R ? CR LF R? : Confirm current setting
First byte 1 commands
L: unit of weight lb R 0 CR LF R0: Select equation for Westerners
R
S: stability of load (weight output) R 1 CR LF R1: Select equation for Orientals
Header
D: instability of load (weight output)
Second byte 1 D ? CR LF D? : Confirm current setting
I : overload status
D 0 X X X . X CR LF D0 : Set clothing weight (5-byte fixed length)
---: negative weight output
D 1 X CR LF D1 : Set gender male = 1 female = 2
Weight xxx.x 5 commands
D 2 X CR LF D2 : Set body type standard = 0 athlete = 2
Output data format D
D 3 X X X X X CR LF D3 : Set height (5-byte fixed length)
¥ Terminal data are CR (ASCII format: 0DH), LF (ASCII format: 0AH).
D 4 X X CR LF D4 : Set age (2-byte fixed length)
¥ Measurement data will be sent in the format shown to the right:
x x x x x . x D 6 X X CR LF D6 : Set Target BF (2-byte fixed length)

Remote Mode commands G 1 CR LF G1: Start measuring body fat

All types of data may be entered by connecting the BF-350 to a PC and switching to Remote mode. G G 2 CR LF G2: Measure weight only
쎱 Switching to Remote Mode

kg 1. When the unit is switched off, press the [ ] Special

P T and [ ] keys simultaneously. commands
CHR$(01FH) CR LF CHR$(01FH): Reset settings

Note
MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in
The default setting is off.
ATHLETIC AGE
*All fixed-length data right aligned. Enter 0 for blanks.
STEP ON % FAT

2. Press [0], [8]. 쎱 Error Codes

kg
P T If an error occurs, the body composition analyzer will send an error code to the host.
MALE STABILIZED
FEMALE cm / ft.in
E 0 0 CR LF E00 : Attempted to start measuring without completing settings
ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT E 0 1 CR LF E01 : Error in calculating body fat percentage

E X X CR LF EXX :other error ’ body fat analyzer switches off
kg
3. Switch Remote mode on and off by pressing [1]
P T
or [0]. *See p.26 "7. Troubleshooting" for details of errors.
MALE STABILIZED
[1] : Enables Remote mode
FEMALE cm / ft.in
[0] : Disables Remote mode
ATHLETIC AGE

STEP ON % FAT

kg
4. Press [ ] to confirm.
P T
Only "r S" will appear (standby screen).
MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC
STABILIZED
cm / ft.in

AGE
Note To switch off Remote mode, start
from the beginning again and
select "OFF" at Step 3.
STEP ON % FAT

30 31
 쎱 Example of Use
The body composition analyzer is used remotely as follows.
6 Set body type
Ex: standard
Host . D 2 0 CR LF /body composition analyzer
1
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Switch on body composition analyzer. If commands accepted Host , D 2 CR LF . body composition analyzer
First, switch on the body composition analyzer. If settings incorrect Host , D 2 ! CR LF . body composition analyzer


Check that the unit is in Remote mode.
Also check that the unit is connected properly to the computer.
7 Set height

2
Ex: 179cm
Choose the units of measurement. Host . D 3 0 0 1 7 9 CR LF /body composition analyzer

Ex: cm/kg If commands accepted Host , D 3 CR LF . body composition analyzer

 Units of measurement cannot be set if tare weight and height have been set. The default setting is cm/kg. If settings incorrect Host , D 3 ! CR LF . body composition analyzer

Host . U
8
0 CR LF /body composition analyzer
Set age
If commands received Host , U 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer
Ex: 34
If settings incorrect Host , U ! CR LF . body composition analyzer
Host . D 4 3 4 CR LF /body composition analyzer
*If commands sent are unclear Host , ! CR LF commands returned
If commands accepted Host , D 4 CR LF . body composition analyzer
If settings incorrect Host , D 4 ! CR LF . body composition analyzer

3 Select equation
Ex: equation for Westerners
9 Set target BF

 The default setting is the equation for Westerners

Host . R 0 CR LF /body composition analyzer

Ex: 18%
Host . D 6 1 83 CR LF /body composition analyzer

If commands accepted Host , D 6 CR LF . body composition analyzer

If commands received Host , R 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer
If settings incorrect Host , D 6 ! CR LF . body composition analyzer
If settings incorrect Host , R ! CR LF . body composition analyzer

4 Set tare weight

10 Confirm settings
Host . D ? CR LF /body composition analyzer
The tare weight need not be set if not required. It will then be treated as 0.
Ex: 1kg tare weight If commands accepted Host , D 0 0 0 1 . 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer
Host . D 0 0 0 1 . 0 CR LF /body composition analyzer Host , D 1 1 CR LF . body composition analyzer

If commands received Host , D 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer Host , D 2 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer

If settings incorrect Host , D ! CR LF . body composition analyzer Host , D 3 0 0 1 7 9 CR LF . body composition analyzer
Host , D 4 3 4 CR LF . body composition analyzer

5 Set gender
If settings incorrect
Host , D 6 1 8 CR LF . body composition analyzer

Host , if data settings incorrect . body composition analyzer

Ex: male
Host . D 1 1 CR LF /body composition analyzer
*Gender, body type, height and age must be entered.
If commands accepted Host , D 1 CR LF . body composition analyzer *Once all the necessary items of data have been entered, the unit will determine on the basis of age and gender whether to switch to Athlete or Standard mode.
If settings incorrect Host , D 1 ! CR LF . body composition analyzer Hence even if you choose Athlete mode, the unit may switch to Standard mode.
*If starting in Weight Only mode, only tare weight needs to be set.

32 33
 쎱 Resetting
11 Start measurement
Reset settings
Host . G 1 CR LF /body composition analyzer
Host . CHR$(01FH) CR LF / body composition analyzer
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If commands accepted Host , G 1 CR LF . body composition analyzer CHR$(01FH) CR LF . body composition analyzer
If commands accepted : Host ,
If settings incorrect Host , E 0 0 CR LF . body composition analyzer If settings incorrect : Host , ! CR LF . body composition analyzer

12 During measurement
Commands are not accepted while measuring is in progress. If an error occurs, the body composition analyzer will transmit an error code to the host.
Host , error code . body composition analyzer

13 Measurement finished
Readings will be outputted when measurement is finished.

If concluded normally Host ,

” 2 1 / 0 9 / 0 2 ” , ” 1 9 : 2 9 ” , 0 , 1 , 0 0 1 7 9 ,
Date Time Body type Gender Height

0 7 3 . 3 , 1 3 . 1 , 0 0 9 . 6 , 0 6 3 . 7 , 0 4 6 . 6 ,
Weight Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Body water mass

3 4 , 0 2 3 . 9 , 0 7 2 9 4 , 5 5 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 4 , 2 9 2 ,
Age BMI BMR Whole body impedance Right leg impedance Left leg impedance Right arm impedance

3 0 9 , 0 8 . 9 , 0 0 1 . 1 , 0 1 1 . 5 , 0 1 0 . 9 ,
Left arm impedance Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Right leg

1 0 . 1 , 0 0 1 . 2 , 0 1 1 . 0 , 0 1 0 . 4 ,
Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Left leg

1 4 . 0 , 0 0 0 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 4 ,
Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Right arm

1 5 . 4 , 0 0 0 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 5 , 0 0 3 . 3 ,
Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Left arm

1 5 . 0 , 0 0 6 . 0 , 0 3 4 . 1 , 0 3 2 . 8
Body fat percentage Fat mass Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass
Trunk

CR LF . body composition analyzer

Terminator

If an error occurs Host , error . body composition analyzer

After measurement has finished, all necessary items of data and tare weight are cleared, and the unit waits for further commands.

34 35
 Technical Notes
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Reliability of body composition measurements with an 8-electrode BIA 쎱 Reliability of body composition analysis via 8-electrode BIA
Introduction In deriving the body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass for the whole body, the Body Composition
This device calculates body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, and predicted muscle mass on the basis of Analyzer uses data acquired by DXA* from both Japanese and Western subjects as well as a regression
data obtained by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). formula derived through repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance between
One of two settings must be selected when taking measurements: right hand and foot as variables. Measurements of body fat percentage, fat free mass, fat mass, and
1）Standard (for persons 7 ~ 99 years of age) predicted muscle mass for specific body parts also use a regression formula for each body part derived from
2）Athlete (sportsmen/women who exercise considerably more than non-athletes) repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance for individual body parts (right arm,
Making a distinction by body type in the measurement mode produces more reliable body composition left arm, right leg, left leg, trunk) as variables, based on data acquired through DXA.
measurements for athletes, whose body compositions differ from those of average persons. A high degree of correlation has been found to exist between the figures for body fat percentage, fat mass,
and fat free mass for individual parts and for the entire body calculated with this predictive formula and the
쎱 Principles of body composition measurement via 8-electrode BIA figures obtained by DXA, and the results are thus highly reproducible.
Body composition measurements attained by the 8-electrode method are therefore extremely reliable.
BIA is a means of measuring body composition – fat mass, predicted muscle mass, etc. – by measuring
bioelectrical impedance in the body. Fat within the body allows almost no electricity to pass through, while
electricity passes rather easily through water, much of which is found in muscles. The degree of difficulty ※）Measurement of body composition using DXA
with which electricity passes through a substance is known as the electrical resistance, and the percentage of DXA was originally designed to measure bone mineral content, but in the full-body scan mode the body
fat and other body constituents can be inferred from measurements of this resistance. fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass of individual body parts (arms, legs, trunk) can also be
The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer measures body composition using a constant current source with a high frequency measured. The image below shows one example of body composition measurement results obtained by
current (50kHz, 500μA). The 8 electrodes are positioned so that electric current is supplied from the electrodes on the tips of DXA.
the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and voltage is measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of
both hands. The current flows into the upper limbs or lower limbs, depending on the body part(s) to be measured.

쎱 Body impedance measurement methods

In the conventional 4-electrode method, current is supplied from the electrodes at the tips of the toes on both feet, with the voltage
measured on the heel. This current flows from one lower limb through the lower abdomen and then into the other lower limb, and the
bioelectrical impedance (hereinafter, “impedance,”) thus measured is the impedance between the two feet. In the newly developed 8-
electrode method, however, current is supplied from the tips of the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and the voltage is
measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of both hands. This method allows five different impedance measurements to be
made – whole body, right leg, left leg, right arm, and left arm – by switching the part of the body in which the current is flowing and
the location where the voltage is measured. When measuring impedance in the right leg, for instance, the current flows between the
right hand and foot, and the voltage between both feet is measured.
For reference, the impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts are shown in the diagram below.

Body composition measurement results obtained by DXA (Lunar Co., Ltd; DPX-L)

Current
Voltage
Whole body Right leg Left leg Right arm Left arm

Impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts

36 37
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쎱 Causes of errors in impedance measurements Intra-day fluctuations (Weight)
Intra-day changes are thought to occur in unique cycles
1.5 arising from differences in the rhythm of individual daily
BIA measures impedance and calculates body composition on the basis of this impedance. It is known, 1.0
routines, occupations, and day-to-day activities.
however, that impedance can vary due to changes in the quantity and distribution of body water, which After supper Before bathing Consequently, to obtain consistent measurement figures it is
0.5
Sleeping
accounts for approximately 60% of body weight, as well as changes in body temperature. Therefore, when After breakfast
After lunch
recommended that measurements be taken under the
0.0
measurements are being taken for research purposes or on a daily basis, uniform measurement conditions kg Rising
After bathing
following conditions:
Before supper
-0.5
must be ensured. Before breakfast
Before lunch
1) Measuring three hours or more after waking up, with
-1.0 normal day-to-day activities carried on during this time
Consideration should be given to two types of changes in impedance: inter-day changes and intra-day -1.5 (simply sitting or traveling by car will keep impedance
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
fluctuation (cyclic changes within a single day). In the 8-electrode method, full body measurements use the Time high)
impedance between the arms and legs, while measurements for specific body parts use the impedance of 2) Measuring three hours or more after last eating
those particular body parts. Intra-day fluctuations (Impedance value) (impedance tends to fall for 2 to 3 hours after a meal)
The reasons for changes in impedance are different for the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Given that the 60
Rising
3) Measuring twelve or more hours after vigorous exercise
impedance of the trunk is extremely low (a mere 5-10% of the impedance between hands and feet), changes 40 Before breakfast (changes in impedance vary, depending on the type and
involving the trunk can be almost wholly ignored when measuring the impedance between hands and feet, 20 Before supper intensity of the exercise done)
Before lunch

and the changes for the upper and lower limbs are synthesized. Ω 0
After
breakfast
Before bathing
Sleeping
4) Urinating before the measurement
When studying intra-day and inter-day changes with the 8-electrode method, it is thus necessary to -20
After lunch After 5) Measuring as far as possible at the same time every day
supper

determine the respective changes for the upper and lower limbs. After bathing in the case of repeated measurements (more dependable
-40
measurements can be obtained if body weight and
-60
1) Intra-day fluctuations (cyclic activity within a single day) 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 impedance are both measured at fixed times)
Time
Peripheral impedance ordinarily rises during sleep and falls during activity. This is believed to occur
Between hand and foot Between both hands Between both legs
because extracellular fluid, typified by the blood, moves to the trunk during sleep, reducing the Complying with the conditions above should result in very
extracellular fluid in peripheral areas and thus increasing impedance, and because the extracellular fluid Intra-day fluctuations( %FAT) consistent measurements.
3.0
returns to peripheral areas during activity, causing a drop in impedance. When developing this device, the following six conditions
2.0
Intra-day activities during this cycle cause changes in body water volume and distribution due to the Before breakfast
were established in deriving the regression formula:
consumption of food and drink as well as exercise. 1.0
Rising Before lunch After supper
Before bathing
1) No alcohol less than 12 hours prior to measurement
The charts on page 33 illustrate one example of intra-day activities. The changes in weight, impedance, and ％ 0.0 After
breakfast
Sleeping 2) No vigorous exercise less than 12 hours prior to measurement
After
body fat percentage are shown on the respective vertical axes, while the measurement times are shown on -1.0
lunch
Before
3) No excess food and drink on the day before measurement
supper
the horizontal axes (plotted points indicate the variation from the average change). -2.0
4) No food and drink less than 3 hours prior to measurement
After bathing

Increases in body weight occurred following the consumption of food or drink, and a sharp decrease was 5) Urination immediately before measurement
-3.0
seen between 20:00 and 22:00 because of a bath. 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 6) No measurements during menstrual period (women)
Time
The impedance between the hands and feet, as mentioned earlier, synthesizes the changes in impedance of Between hand and foot Between both hands Between both legs
the upper limbs and the lower limbs.
During the two or three hours of digestion and absorption that followed breakfast and lunch, a decrease occurred
in the impedance of both the upper and lower limbs, but the degree of change was larger in the lower limbs than
in the upper limbs. This is because the impedance of the upper limbs temporarily increased due to the impact of
specific dynamic action (SDA) from the meals but then turned downward as the body fluid mass increased. No
such increase or decrease in impedance due to SDA was seen, though, in the lower limbs. After supper, the lower
level of activity caused an increase due to lessened extracellular fluid in peripheral areas at the same time that
upper and lower limb impedance fell due to digestion and absorption; as a result no clear trend could be seen.
Among the particularly large changes that occurred were decreases in impedance while taking baths and
subsequent increases, increases and decreases attributable to exercise, and decreases after tasks such as
carrying heavy objects that require use of the upper limbs. In the course of a single day, the largest intra-day
change in the lower limbs was the decrease in impedance due to the flow of blood to the lower limbs (blood
congestion). No clear trend was noted in impedance in the upper limbs over the course of a single day, but
extremely large changes did occur as a result of certain activities in the daily routine.

38 39
GB

GB
2) Inter-day changes
The diagrams below offer examples of actual measurements made of inter-day changes. A study was done THE APPLICABILITY OF THE OVERSEAS BMR REGRESSION
to determine the degree of change in the impedance between the feet during dehydration; the first two days
represent a normal daily routine, while in the latter two days a state of dehydration was induced using a
FORMULA AND ITS DIFFERENCES WITH THE OLD FORMULA
The New Regression Formula for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
sauna.
It has long been said among medical and nutritional specialists that "The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is
Intra-day fluctuations (Weight) No significant inter-day change was measured in body more determined by the Fat Free Mass (FFM) than by the body weight" (Persons of a given body weight
61
weight, impedance between the feet, or body fat percentage with a higher FFM will have a higher BMR), and that from the aspect of evaluating the body composition,
60.5
during the normal daily routine. During the dehydrated should be estimated from the FFM. In addition, in cases of simple estimation formulae which can calculate
60 state, however, a drop in body weight of 1kg was noted, from the height, weight and age, without evaluating the body composition, there was a problem with
59.5 with the impedance between the feet rising approximately excessively high evaluations being given to obese persons with large body weight, and conversely
kg
15Ω on the first day of dehydration and 30-35Ω on the excessively small BMR evaluations given to muscular athletes, though these are not as many in number.
59

second day. As a result, body fat percentage was up by Currently, the BMR estimation recursion formula developed by Tanita, the manufacturer of body
58.5
around 1% on the first day of dehydration and by 1.5-2% on composition analyzers, based on their research, works by multiple regressive analysis using this FFM, and
58
10：00 12：00 14：00 16：00 18：00 the second day. has a higher degree of accuracy in the individual differences in body composition. In order to derive the
Time BMR, resting respiratory metabolism (Resting Energy Expenditure: REE) was measured using a breath gas
＋5/13（Monday） ◆5/14（Tuesday） ▲5/15（Wednesday） ×5/16（Thursday）
As mentioned earlier, impedance increases when body
weight is reduced (such as by dehydration), and decreases analysis device, and this estimation recursion formula was created based on this data.
Intra-day fluctuations (Impedance value)
420
when body weight is increased through excess <Figure 1> The Relationship Between Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) According
410 consumption of food and drink. The inter-day change in to Breath Gas Analysis and Weight, FFM
400 impedance is thus inversely proportional to the change in
390
(Presented at Nutrition Week, Held in San Diego in 2002)
body weight.
380
Ω These inter-day changes stem from such causes as: FFM vs REE
370 Weight vs REE
360
1) Temporary increases in body weight (total body water)
through overeating and overdrinking 3000 3000
350

340 2) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during vigorous

10：00 12：00 14：00 16：00 18：00

Time
exercise 2500 Male 2500

from breath

from breath
Male
＋5/13（Monday） ◆5/14（Tuesday） ▲5/15（Wednesday） ×5/16（Thursday） 3) Dehydration due to alcohol consumption or the use of
Female
Intra-day fluctuations ( %FAT) diuretics 2000 2000
22
4) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during saunas, etc.

kcal/day

kcal/day
21 Accordingly, it is recommended that instructions be 1500 1500 Female

provided to the subject to help eliminate these causes when

20
accurate measurements are needed. 1000 1000

REE(→BMR)

REE(→BMR)
％ 19

18 500 500

17
10：00 12：00 14：00 16：00 18：00
0 0
Time
＋5/13（Monday） ◆5/14（Tuesday） ▲5/15（Wednesday） ×5/16（Thursday） 10 30 50 70 90 30 50 70 90 110 130

FFM kg Weght kg
Inter-day changes in body fat percentage and
JP Male JP Female US Male US Female JP Male JP Female US Male US Female
impedance measured by BIA between the feet
during normal daily routine and during
dehydration

40 41
 Product specifications
BF-418MA
GB

GB
MDD : CLASS 2a
As shown in Figure 1: the REE (BMR) has a stronger relationship to the FFM than to body weight, and a Accuracy Grade
MDD : CLASS 3
difference is visible between males and females in the distribution trends. We see that in principle that we AC adaptor (included) Center Minus MODEL SA25-0535U CLASS 2
should calculate from the FFM rather than by the old formula centered on the relationship with weight. Power source Input Voltage: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz 550mA Output Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.3 V
Rated Current: 3.5 A No Load Input Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.3 V
<Fig: 2> Comparison of BMR Values from the TANITA Multiple regression model and Breath Analysis
Power Consumption 17.5 W
(Presented at Nutrition Week Held in San Diego in 2002) Measurement System 8 polar Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Measurement Frequency 50kHz
3000
y = x + 9E – 11 Measurement Current 90µA
Impedance
2 Electrode Material Pressure Contact Stainless Steel Foot Pads, The Hand Grips are Metal-Plated to ABS Resin.
R = 0.808 Measurement
Measurement Style Whole body, Right leg, Left leg, Right arm and Left arm
R = 0.900 Measurement Range 150 ~ 1200Ω
2500 SEE = 131.4 Accuracy at first calibration 12Ω
from breath

p<0.0001 Measurement System Strain Gauge Load Cell

Weight Maximum Minimum
2000 Measurement Capacity /
Graduation
200 kg / 0.1 kg

Accuracy at first calibration ±0.2kg

Clothes Weight 0-200 kg / 9 st 13.8 lb / 440lb 0.1 kg increments
Gender Male / Female
kcal/day

1500 Body Type Standard / Athletic

Input Items
Age 7~99 years old /1year increments
Height 90 - 249 cm 1 cm increments
Target Body Fat % 4~55%
1000
REE(→BMR)

Target Body Fat % 4~55%

Weight 0 - 200 kg
Gender Male / Female
Display Body Type Standard / Athletic
500 Age 7 - 99 years old / 1 year increments
Height 90 - 249 cm 1 cm increments
FAT% 1 - 75% / 0.1% increments
Body Type Standard / Athletic
0
Gender Male / Female
0 1000 2000 3000 Age 7 - 99 years old / 1 year increments
Height 90 - 249 cm 1 cm increments
TANITA BMR kcal / day
Weight 2 - 200 kg 0.1 kg increments
(from TANITA multiple regression analysis model) Output Items
BMI 0.1 increments
JP Male JP Female US Male US Female BMR 1 kJ increments / 1 kcal increments
Impedance 1 150 ~ 1200 Ω / 1Ω increments
Print-out FAT% 2 1 - 75% / 0.1% increments
Fat Mass 2 0.1 kg increments
The current BMR retrogression formula is a formula which acts on the principle of using the FFM value FFM 2 0.1 kg increments
from the results of body composition measurement according to the BIA, A good relationship is shown in TBW 0.1 kg increments
the BMR value based on actual breath analysis REE or R=0.9 (p<0.0001). These results were presented at the Predicted Weight 0.1 kg increments
Predicted fat mass 0.1 kg increments
First Annual Nutrition Week (American College of Nutrition, American Society for Clinical Nutrition,
FAT TO LOSE/GAIN 0.1 kg increments
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, North American Association for the Study of Predicted muscle Mass 2 0.1 kg increments
Obesity) held in 2002 in San Diego. Others Desirable Range for FAT% and FM (Standard and 20-79 years old ONLY)
Display 3 Rows, 5 Digits LCD
NOTE: This model has been calibrated for those between ages of 18-84.
Output Data Interface RS-232C (D-sub 9 pins Female Connector)
Those individuals outside of this age range may not be obtain accurate readings. Temperature Range of Usage 0ºC/35ºC
Relative Humidity 30% / 80% (without condensation)
Weight of Equipment 12kg
Weighing Platform 340 X 375 X 90mm
Size
Height 830mm
1 This item displays Whole Body, Right Leg, Left Leg, Right Arm and Left Arm.
2 This item displays Right Leg, Left Leg, Right Arm, Left Arm and Trunk.

42 43