Basic required formulas for the operation of Pump

Formulas regarding product while pumping

Volume of the fluid (Q )

Velocity of the Fluid ( V )

Here
V = Velocity of fluid in m/sec
Q =Volume of Fluid (m 3 /sec)
A = Pipe line area (m 2 )

V = Velocity of fluid in m/sec

Q =Volume of Fluid in m 3 /hr
A = Pipe line dia in mm
Reynolds Number of the fluid

Here
D = Dia of the tube in meters
V = fluid velocity in m/sec
ρ= density of the fluid (kg/m 3 )
μ = Absolute viscosity in Pas
Absolute viscosity of the fluid (μ )
μ = υ x ρ
where:
υ = Kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s)
ρ = density of the fluid in kg/m 3

μ = Absolute viscosity of the fluid in mPas

Darcy Friction Factor

where:
f d = friction factor (Darcy)
Re = Reynolds number
Pump Power Calculation
Hydraulic Pump Power
The ideal hydraulic power to drive a pump depends on liquid density , differential
height to lift the material and flow rate of the material.

Here
Hydraulic power in watt
Q = Flow rate in M 3 /sec
H = Total head in meters = Discharge head + Suction head
ρ = Density of the Fluid kg/dm 3 (1 kg/m 3 = 0.001 kg/dm 3 )
g = Acceleration due to gravity (m/sec 2 )
Pump Power input or Pump shaft Power
The pump power input of a centrifugal pump is the mechanical energy at the
pump coupling or pump shaft absorbed from the drive.

Here
Q = Flow rate in M 3 /sec
H = Total head in meters = Discharge head + Suction head
ρ = Density of the Fluid ( kg/dm 3 )
η p =Pump efficiency

Here
Q = Flow rate in M 3 /hr
H = Total head in meters = Discharge head + Suction head
ρ = Density of the Fluid ( kg/dm 3 )
η p =Pump efficiency
Pump input power from pump shaft power

Pump input power from current and voltage

Here all efficiencies are in decimals

Specific Speed of Pump (Nq)

Specific Speed of pump (Nq) is identifies the geometrical similarity of pumps. It
is useful to comparing different pump designs irrespective of pump size

Nq = =
Where Nq = Dimensionless parameter
N = RPM of pump
n = Rev/sec of Pump
Q = Flow rate in m 3 /sec
H = Head in meters
g = Gravitational constant ( 9.81 m/sec 2 )
Suction Specific Speed at best efficiency point

Ns = Suction Specific speed of pump (Dimensionless parameter)

N = RPM of the pump
Q = Flow rate in M 3 /hr
NPSH = Net positive section head in meters

Total Head
In pumping system, Head means it is a height of a liquid coloumn.
In vertical pipe any liquid coloumn of water exerts a certain pressure (force per
unit area) on a horizontal surface at the bottom area, this pressure is expressed
in metres of liquid column or kg/cm 2 .
H = H t – (±H s )
where:
H t = total discharge head
H s = total suction head
Total Discharge Head
Ht = ht + hft + pt
where:
h t = static discharge head
h f t = pressure drop in discharge line
pt = Pressure head in delivery
pt > 0 for pressure
pt < 0 for vacuum
pt = 0 for open tank
Total Suction Head
H s = h s + h f s + (± p s )
where:
h s = static suction head
h f s = pressure drop in suction line
ps = Pressure head in suction
ps > 0 for pressure
ps < 0 for vacuum
ps = 0 for open tank
Pressure Head for Pump
Pressure Head of the pump suction must be considered according to
the condition of source tank.
Pressure head calculated as per pumping system source tank is under some
gauge pressure or vacuum open or open to atmospheric than pressure head is
calculated in metres of water column (MWC) of Feet of water column of liquid.
Velocity head

Here Hv = Velocity head in meters

V = Fluid velocity in m/sec
g = Gravitational constant (9.81 m/s 2 )
Q = Flow rate in m 3 /hr
d = pipe inside diameter in mm
Shutoff head :
Shutoff head of the centrifugal pump is the maximum head that can be developed
by a pump operating at a set speed
Please go through the below link for more information about pump head

Pressure Head | Velocity head | Static Suction Head Calculation of PUMP

Pump Torque and temperature rise

Temperature rise in pumps can be calculated as per the below formula

Here
ΔT = Temperature rise in the pump (in o C)
P = brake power (kW)
ηp =Pump efficiency
Cp = specific heat of the fluid (kJ/kg o C)
Q = Flow rate of the pump (m 3 /second)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m 3 )

Net Positive Suction Head

Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHr ):
The amount of NPSH the pump requires to avoid cavitation is called Net Positive
Suction Head Required (NPSHr). This value of the pump is determined based on
actual pump test by the vendor.
Net Positive Suction Head Available( NPSH a) :
Net positive suction head available is the difference between the saturation
pressure and the pump suction pressure for the liquid being pumped.
The amount of Net positive suction head available (NPSHa) to the pump from
the suction line is termed NPSHa.
NPSHa = Absolute Pressure head + Static head (difference in elevation) – Vapor
pressure head – Friction head loss in the piping, valves and fittings.
Net positive suction head available must be greater than or equal to the net
positive suction head required to avoid cavitation. It can be stated
mathematically as shown below.
NPSH a ≥ NPSH
Please go through the below link for more information about NPSH

Formulas of pump NPSH and head loss calculation in suction and delivery line

Affinity laws for pumps

Change in Diameter
D = Diameter of the impeller (inch or mm)
Q = Flow rate (gpm or m 3 /hr)
H = Head (ft or m)
P = Power ( hp or kW)
Change in Speed

N = Pump speed (RPM)

Q = Flow rate (gpm or m 3 /hr)
H = Head (ft or m)
P = Power ( hp or kW)
Please go through the below link for more information about affinity laws

Affinity laws, Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps & Positive displacement
pump with example

Pump Efficiency & Overall Efficiency of the Pump

Generally for any system efficiency means the ratio of output and i nput
Efficiency of the system =
Pump Efficiency can be defined as a ratio of pump input and output power.
i.e Efficiency of the pump defined as the ratio of water horse power to break
horse power.

Hydraulic power in Watt =

Here
Q = Flow rate in m 3 /sec
H = Total developed head in meters
= Density in kg/m 3

Hydraulic power in kW =
Here
Q = Flow rate in Lt./sec ( 1 m 3 /sec = 3.6 x Lt./sec)
H = Total developed head in meters
= Density in kg/dm 3 (Conversion : 1 kg/m 3 = 0.001 kg/dm 3 )
Pump shaft power means it is an input to pump often is the output of motor.
In case of gear drive or pulley drive, efficiency of these drives will also have to
be taken into account
Output of motor = (kW input to motor) x motor efficiency (η m )
Input to motor is measured directly in kW.
Then

Pump efficiency η p =
Overall Efficiency of the pumping system
Overall efficiency (η o v e r a l l ) = Pump efficiency (η p ) x Motor efficiency (η m )

Overall efficiency (η o v e r a l l ) =
Related Articles:
Classification of pumps | Types of pumps and their working principles
NPSH Calculation |Head loss in suction and delivery line
Pump Vapour pressure calculation | Water Vapour Pressure Table at Different
temperatures
Affinity Laws for Centrifugal and Positive displacement pumps
Pump Efficiency and Pump Power Calculation Formulas with Online Calculator
Pressure head, Velocity Head formulas with examples
Unit Conversion Factors and Tables for Engineering Design Calculations
Categories: Equipment Design & Drawing, General Articles, Pumps, Sugar
Engineering / 3 Responses / by siva alluri

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