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Lecture 05 L2 Grammar

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14 views

Lecture 05 L2 Grammar

Uploaded by

kofares7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 05: Expressing the future using

the simple present, present


continuous,"will + infinitive", and of
going to
I. The use of the simple present tense for the future
The use of the simple present tense for the future is often applied in the context of
scheduled events, timetables, and fixed arrangements.
1. Scheduled Events:
 The bus departs at 8 AM tomorrow.
 Our flight arrives in London at noon on Friday.
2. Timetables and Schedules:
 The concert starts at 7:30 PM.
 The meeting begins in an hour.
3. Fixed Arrangements:
 My train leaves at 6 PM, so I need to leave by 5:30 PM.
 The conference takes place next month.
In these cases, the simple present is used to convey future events that are planned,
scheduled, or arranged. It provides a clear and straightforward way to discuss
future actions that have a definite time or date associated with them.
II. The present continuous as a future form
the present continuous tense can be used to express future actions, especially when
the actions are planned, arranged, or agreed upon in advance. This usage is often
employed to emphasize the intention or arrangement of the future event.
1. Scheduled Events:
 I'm meeting Sarah for lunch tomorrow.
 They are flying to Paris next week.
2. Fixed Plans:
 We're attending a conference on Friday.
 She's coming to visit us this weekend.
3. Arrangements:
 He's giving a presentation at the meeting in the morning.
 We're having a party on Saturday night.

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4. Temporary Situations:
 I'm staying at my friend's place until my apartment is ready.
 They are working on the project all day tomorrow.
In these examples, the present continuous is used to convey future actions that are
already in the process of being planned or arranged. It adds a sense of immediacy
and conveys the idea that the plans are set and confirmed. Keep in mind that this
usage is more common in informal spoken language. For more formal contexts,
the future tense ("will" or "going to") might be preferred.
III. "will + infinitive" to express the future
When using "will + infinitive" for the future, it is often employed to express
intentions or plans that are decided at the moment of speaking.
1. Intentions:
 I will call you later this evening.
 He will send you the information by email.
2. Decisions Made on the Spot:
 I can't find my umbrella. I will borrow yours.
 There's no milk left. I will buy some on my way home.
3. Spontaneous Offers:
 The car broke down. I will give you a lift to the office.
 You're having trouble with your computer? I will help you fix it.
4. Promises:
 I will always support you.
 She will never forget your birthday again.
5. Predictions or Statements about the Future:
 I think it will be a great party.
 I believe she will succeed in her new role.
In these examples, "will + infinitive" is used to convey a future action or intention,
often in response to a current situation or decision. It's a flexible construction for
expressing a speaker's commitment, decision, or prediction about future events.
IV. "be + going to + base form of the verb" to express the future

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The structure "be + going to + base form of the verb" is a common way to express
future intentions, plans, or predictions. This form is often used to convey a strong
intention or a pre-existing plan.
1. Intentions:
 I am going to start exercising regularly from next week.
 She is going to learn how to play the guitar.
2. Plans:
 We are going to have a meeting tomorrow morning.
 They are going to visit their grandparents over the weekend.
3. Predictions Based on Evidence:
 Look at those dark clouds. It's going to rain soon.
 The company's profits are decreasing; they are going to implement cost-
cutting measures.
4. Expressions of Future Events:
 He is going to graduate next year.
 I am going to buy a new car in the near future.
In each case, "be + going to + base form of the verb" is used to indicate a future
action or event. This structure is versatile and can be applied to various contexts
to express plans, intentions, or predictions with a sense of certainty or
premeditation.

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