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2.5.1 Handout

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Learn Online With Javeria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Term 2 Class 8

The City School


Handout Number: Science 2.5.1
Topic: Chemical Reactions
Name: ______________________________________________________________ Sec: ___________

Learning Objective(s):
2.5.1 Use word equations and symbol equations to describe reactions

Chemical compounds are formed when elements are joined by chemical bonds. These bonds are so strong that
the compound behaves like a single substance. Compounds have properties that are unique from the elements
they are made of. A compound is a type of molecule with more than one element.
How Compounds are Named

Chemists have a specific way of naming compounds. It is a standard method of naming compounds that is used
by scientists around the world. The name is built from the elements and the construction of the molecule.

Basic Naming Convention

First, let’s see how to name molecules with two elements (binary compounds). The name of a compound with
two elements has two words.

To get the first word we use the name of the first element or the element to the left of the formula. To get the
second word we use the name of the second element and change the suffix to "ide" at the end of the word.

Some examples of adding the "ide":

O = oxygen = oxide
Cl = chlorine = chloride
Br = bromine = bromide
F = fluorine = fluoride

Examples of binary compounds:

NaCl - sodium chloride


MgS - magnesium sulfide
InP = indium phosphide

What if there is more than one atom?


In cases where there is more than one atom (for example there are two oxygen atoms in
CO2) you add a prefix to the start of the element based on the number of atoms. Here is a
list of the prefixes used:
** note: the "mono" prefix is not used on the first element. For example, CO = carbon
monoxide.

Examples:
CO2 = carbon dioxide

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Term 2 Class 8

N2O = dinitrogen monoxide


CCL4 = carbon tetrachloride
S3N2 = trisulfur dinitride

How is the order of the elements determined?


When there are two elements in a compound, which element goes first in the name?
If the compound is made of a metal element and a non-metal element, then the metal element is first. If there
are two non-metal elements, then the first name is the element to the left side of the periodic table.

Examples:

• In a compound that contains iron and fluoride, the metal (iron) would go first.
• In a compound that contains carbon and oxygen the element to the left on the periodic table (carbon) would
go first.

Naming Polyatomic Compounds

Polyatomic compounds use a different suffix. Most of them end in "-ate" or "-ite". There are a few exceptions
that end in "-ide" including hydroxide, peroxide, and cyanide.
Examples:
Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate
Na3PO4 = sodium phosphate
Na2SO3 = sodium sulfite
Naming Acids
Hydro acids use the prefix "hydro-" and the suffix "-ic".
HF = hydrofluoric acid
HCl - hydrochloric acid
Oxoacids containing oxygen use the "-ous" or the "-ic" suffix. The "-ic" suffix is used for the acid that has more
oxygen atoms.
H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
HNO2 = nitrous acid
HNO3 = nitric acid
Compounds between Metals and Nonmetals (Cation and Anion)

Compounds made of metal and nonmetal are commonly known as Ionic Compounds, where the compound
name has an ending of –ide. Cations have positive charges while anions have negative charges. The net
charge of any ionic compound must be zero which also means it must be electrically neutral. For example,
one Na+ is paired with one Cl-; one Ca2+ is paired with two Br-. Two rules must be followed through:

• The cation (metal) is always named first with its name unchanged
• The anion (nonmetal) is written after the cation, modified to end in –ide
Note: The information below is for learners to understand why sometimes the compound names are
written in a certain way. Learners do not need to go in-depth or memorize these charges, they just need
to understand the reason behind it.

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Term 2 Class 8

Example 1
Na+ + Cl- = NaCl; Ca2+ + 2Br- = CaBr2
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride; Calcium + Bromine = Calcium Bromide

The transition metals may form more than one ion; thus, it is needed to be specified which particular ion we
are talking about. This is indicated by assigning a Roman numeral after the metal. The Roman numeral
denotes the charge and the oxidation state of the transition metal ion. For example, iron can form two
common ions, Fe2+ and Fe3+. To distinguish the difference, Fe2+ would be named iron (II) and Fe3+ would be
named iron (III).

Example:

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