\

D NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC Atlas of the t

GRID for Intermediate Students

 A NOTE TO THE READER

An atlas is a collection of maps, charts, tables, and photographs that tell

a story about Earth, its people, and the countries in which they live.
Sometimes it can be hard to keep all the facts and figures about Earth
straight. Geographers have identified Six Essential Elements of
Geography to help us organize information about Earth. Think about
these Essential Elements, listed below, as you use this atlas. Use them to
organize what you learn.

THE SIX ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

The World in Spatial Terms Geography studies the relationships between

people, places, and environments by mapping and compiling information
about them.

Places and Regions The identities and lives of people are rooted in

particular places and regions.

Physical Systems Physical processes shape Earth's surface and interact

with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems.

Human Systems People are central to geography in that human activities

help shape Earth's surface, human settlements and structures are part of
Earth's surface, and humans compete for control of Earth's surface.

Environment and Society The physical environment is modified by

human activities. Earth's physical features and processes also influence

human activities.

The Uses of Geography Knowledge of geography enables people to under-

stand the relationships between people, places, and environments over time.

NATIONAL
D
Copyright
GEOGRAPHIC
© National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved.

Reproduction in whole or in part of the contents without written

permission from the publisher is prohibited.

The name "National Geographic Society" and the "Yellow Border Rectangle"
are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.

Printed in the United States of America

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 073 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
I ^>

NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC Atlas of the

WORLD for Intermediate Students

Macmillan
McGraw-Hill
New York Farmington
In This Atlas...
Introduction
to the World North
America
4 The World: Environments 10 Introduction to North America

6 The World: Countries 12 Physical Map

13 Political Map
8 World Information
14 Population Map
Graphs
15 Land Use & Economies Map
Earth's Land & Water
16 United States: Elevation Map
Largest Countries by Area

Largest Countries by Population

17 United States: Political Map
Largest Urban Areas 18 Canada: Political Map
19 Mexico: Political Map
.ARCTIC OCEA^' ARCTIC OCEAN
 South
Z America
20 Introduction to South America 38 Introduction to Asia

22 Physical Map 40 Physical Map

23 Political Map 41 Political Map
24 Population Map 42 Population Map
25 Land Use & Economies Map 43 Land Use & Economies Map

Australia
Africa & Oceania
26 Introduction to Africa 44 Introduction to Australia & Oceania

28 Physical Map 46 Physical Map

29 Political Map 47 Political Map
30 Population Map 48 Population Map
31 Land Use & Economies Map 49 Land Use & Economies Map

Europe Antarctica
32 Introduction to Europe 50 Introduction to Antarctica

34 Physical Map 52 Physical Map

35 Political Map 53 Political Map
36 Population Map
54 Country Flags & Facts
37 Land Use & Economies Map
64 World Facts & Figures
J
 The World ENVIRONMENTS
eth IS lon<"

larth's surface is divided between areas

of land and water. The land areas, called
continents, are made up of many dif-

ferent environments. Near the equa-

tor tropical forests are home to
plants and animals that thrive
in the warm, humid
climate. Other environments
include rugged mountains
and dry deserts. Different
kinds of plants and
animals have adapted
to these environments.
Most people live on
gently rolling plains.

T Mountain chains and

volcanic islands rise up
from the ocean depths.
Warm and cold currents
flow through the oceans,
creating habitats for many
different types of sea life.

AR
ARCTIC.OCEAN
^ Molln Deefi^

-.--»
"""'^
^(viofiTH V' '
s.
EUROPf
AMiRKA
^uerta Rico
Trench
1

l'\< II U

•0( I A\ Guinea
Basin
'>i t-lV

Vinion Maaif
16,067 ft

(4,897 m)
NiANTARCT\C
 ARCTIC OCEAN
^>^ Lapirv Sen
"^^'^^ £as( Siberian icii
5^

Central '

I ..B I R I

AKCIIC I'lRHl Siberian

'^'eutian /s.

ROPE Hbrui
'"•' it^pp^^

)p--ZASIA
'
Taklimal(on

Mouolo™ ...

ladeiro
lilondi

29.035 ft '

(8.850 m),,
PACIFIC
'
./ ND A I
Hainan
^^ , .Luzon rliilippinc Manana
AnihiilK Deccan

Si,;
Plateau lkn^.,l V\.
i- '•fpdochinui
i ,,
bmitli _
T|.
Andomon ^f^'nifoC- C/irna .vj,
Islands
il-
t = *'
„ OC EA N
M
Marshall \
'-
:j| Nicobar Is.

•4i
^
A/ Islands

-Jr
y albert ;

150E EQUATOR Islands I

-f
. ;> N f SkUA £
Creoter Sunda
Celebes "v^
"^ ^\Bismarck ^
I
\ Archipelago A/
Seychelles'
INDIA N ^jija nds
^
"f^ \. Solomon ^
3 C £ yi N Tii" ^'
lava "^^..^M. M^'^ > v Islands

} Madagascar

g,er\e Islands
OCEAN Coral
^o''"' S e a Fiji

Islands 9
'
S, Desen New,
''
Sj^ Caledonia
AUSTRALIAM i.

Lake iyre
-52 ft, C-16m) . 1^
Great '^
VicWria Desert . ,4

Y.oscmszV.0 '^9^'lf.
'^'""'^
Oft I

Tasmania Jtr (2,228 m) NW^

Kerguelen Islands ItALANU Jf^
miles 2000 South
Island
kilometers 3000
South
Sandwich Winkel Thpel Projection Auckland
lslonds__ Islands

AMTARCTIC CIRCLE

LO nd
^j^ Queen Ma ud

/c^o"
^-"M
MouN^^;
 The World COUNTRIES
People have divided Earth's land
area into political units called
countries. The lines that mark these
political divisions are called bound-
aries. At the start of the 21st centu-
ry, there were 191 independent
Some, such as Russia
countries. 30"N

and Canada, cover large

expanses of land. Others,
TROPIC OF CANCER
such Kuwait and
as - tlavana— ^ "^ ^ ^ Cw^.t? ,''

Rwanda, are small in area.

I VIS
/j,AMIC.I \\ BARBUDA
People across conti- ^Guadeloupe France)
— DOMINK
(

'. A
* Martinique (France)
nents and countries have
. ,

^u\mi\!>os
..

ST \ IM t M
ii THE GRENADINES

IFUMIIM) \\l> TOBAGO

a variety of different Caraci
,ZUELA X.^Georgetown
,1 / I A NTIC
cultures. A country's
culture includes
languages, religions,
foods, sports, celebra-
tions and many other
ways of living. Find out
more about one of the
countries on the map.
What is one way its culture
is like the culture of the
United States? What is one
way that its culture is different?

Near the North and

South Poles, Earth's

extremes do not hove

countries, boundaries,
or permanent popula-
tions. The cold waters
of the Arctic Ocean
surround the North Pole
The frozen ice fields of

Antarctica surround the

South Pole.

i
 rrr"

i
hast
Siheriaii Hea
World Information
Earth's Land and Water

Earth's Land
& Water
Earth is sometimes
called the "water
planet"
" because 71% Watei
of its surface is covered 71%

by water Only 29%

is covered by land.

South America
12%
Antarctica

6.59 Oceans: Percent of Earth's Water Area

(1 7.08)
Continents: Percent of Earth's Land Area

T Countries: Largest by Area

3.85
3.72 3.70 Countries that are large in land area
(9.97)
(9.63) (9.57) do not always have a large population.
3.30
i Russia, the largest country, ranks only
(8.55)
2.99
(7.74)
seventh in population. The second
3 largest country, Canada, is not in the
top ten at all.

1.27
(3.29)

c
_
n u
T3

al
 Millions of People

4 Countries: Largest
by Population
China and the United States
are almost the same size in
) ) t
area, but China 's population
I

United States
'^J
285 is nearly five times larger than

im Indonesia
206

Brazil
that of the U.S.

172

Pakistan

TTl 145

> ) )

j] jJ jJ
'^^

) )
I

Bangladesh
T Largest Urban Areas by Population
i Aj Aj
iJ jJ J
''' In 2000, there were 19 "mega-cities" in the
world. Mega-cities have populations greater
japan
127 than ten million people. Most of the mega-cities
are in developing countries.
'-"'
^Vl

I
North America is a continent of con-
trasts: tall snow-capped mountains,
deep, winding canyons, steamy tropical
forests. Canada is the second largest coun-
try in the world, but the United States has
about ten times more people than Canada.
The largest city is Mexico City, Mexico.
Many people live on farms that produce
food that is traded around the world. Most
North Americans, however, live in cities
where they work in industries and services.
Most people speak Spanish or English, but
some speak French or native languages.

Immigration into the

United States
131,575
People moving from other countries have
increased the population of the United

I States. In the past most immigrants have

come from Europe. Today most come from
Asia and Latin America. This graph shows
the ten largest groups coming to the U.S.
in 1998.
 U.S.A.
•4 Over thousands of years the waters of the
Colorado River have cut down through rock to
create the Grand Canyon in Arizona. The rocl< w
canyon walls tell a story of
layers visible in the
Earth's geologic past.

Vancouver's modern skyline rises up

on Canada's west coast. This city is a
gateway for trade and immigration from
the Pacific region.

jfm.,^

' J. ^.h;i?."'i'w»
<8 Physical Map
 <ti;
Political Map Z

North Pole
EUROPE
ASIA
Arctic Ocean,

# <3

, _ Ottawa

St. Paul Atlantic

DeUoit^
New York Ocean
Omaha Chicago*"^^ Cleveland 'Philadelphia
San Francisco ^Washington, D.C.
Denver* Indianapolis
st Louis
.UN T E D S T A T*E SNashviiie. v
Pacific /^
^9^^ Oklahoma, 'j^^^^ *Ch?<^tte
Los Angelfe?* .Memphis
Phoenix City .
San Diego
Ocean Tijuana'
Birmingham* Atlanta
'''° •* Dallas lacksonville
r^ A
Ciutfad^
J^' Worth
Austin
New
Orleans
-

Juarez cX^ Antonio •

^'•^^•^'Houstbn Tampa^
^Chihuahua-
' Mi;
Gulf of

.San Luis Potosf

800 Kilometers
Acapulcb"*- .

A^imuthal Equidistant Projection

GUATEMALA-C^ Y® Manac
NICy^RAGUA
San Salvador
EL SALVADOR
100 w
COSTA RICa'^T>ANAMA SOUTH AMERICA
DOMINICAN Virgin Islands
Cayman REPTMUC (U.S.) (U.K.)

Islands
(U.K.)
HAITI

fcrt-ao'®^ , ,
"-
^Saqto
V
San yuan
^^>v-
/- ST KITTS
.

& NEVIS Political

JAMAICA^- Kingston
Prince . Domirigo'*7*^ V
PuertoRico
Basseterre
® National capital
ANTIGUA St BARBUDA • Other city
ar ibb e an [Sea DOMINICA^ Roseau ISN
'^,
ST. LUCIA ^Castries
Kingstown "^ BARBADOS
400 Kilometers Aruba ^";°f°° VINCENT St^
ST,
'
®bncgetown
ndqetown
Aiimuthat Equidistant Projection (Neth,)^,
^""f-^
THE GRENADINES
. , GRENADA® St. George's
Bonaire
TRINIDAD,& TOBAGO port-of-
(Neth.)
?:^-r f" Spain
<c Population Map

nneapolis* r.., ^^^a/oi^A^" .(^^^^rovW'

Atlantic
Milwaukee^'''°'W , ^Hartford
v^^
People per People per
_^ Salt Lal<e
^City Omaha^
Chicago«^^,\a<x<^'
C^e^/e^'
Ocean
square mile square km Ian Francisco Indian.
%'^^os'^Tg/na
[
Denver ^
-^..-. ^ DC
San lose" # ^ ^
Kansas r- -^
CityA
City i'-^'^'lsu
% » ^^'"Qton
'">?6„ *t//r„,: „' ^'"^
ED STATES
,
250 and greater ^ 1 00 and greater
LasVegas.U N I T Charlotte
Beach
\
60-250 25-99 Nashville^
LosAnqelesm.
^ Albuquerque* ^, ... i
Oklahonna* Memphis*
, , , .

_ ^Atlanta
25-59 10-24 San Diego ^ APhoenix city ^ „
-Pallas Birmingham
^__^^-^EI Paso «*»
2-24 1-9 New .Jacksonville.

|uare?\ Orleans
Less than 2 Q Less than 1
sCjudad
j^^
^Antonio^
^- "^•'«
^|».v>^^"

.Jfc,
-A-
Tampa
Uninhabited Q Uninhabited
/ *<^ \cKihuahua, ^Houston

Urban area population

'"""'Co.,
^ ^ ^LfR
^\
^y t,
'
N.
, ,, u. \^ ^"^f(^f
Mexico Havana
Mia
I
*Monterrey

5 million and greater

MEXICO
Aguascalientes,^»San Luis Potosi
A million-4,999,999
1
Guadalajara* *'-e°"
.,
Mexico»A'^^'^^''"^'"^°>"'^'
, ,
,.Z ~
f'"''""
BELIZE
• 500,000-999,999
r-ji^ HON
Note: Data categories for this map
are r)ot necessarily the same ^"f^'^°*

I as other population maps.

<^uatema'^^^^e<l^^i!^
GUATEMALA /"X^Y -^Manag

EL SALVADOR
SOUTH AMERICA
80°W
'O'N •—-

Cayman
- ^12^H I

HAITI > W*
S^STiiifc^REPUBLIC
DOMINICAN
CI
COSTA RICA
e/tf^ ,
^''''^
PANAMA
America
lilands I

!
«wV / San Juan
(U.K.)

.^.-
^1^ ^l^^-J
Pnnce
-' ^Santo
Santo
n —
;„^^
Domingo
'^
Puerto Rico
Puerto/?,
JAMAICA ^ (U.S.)

Caribbean Sea
ST. LUCIA
BARBADOS
VINCENT & /•
ST. V
300 Kilometers
THE GRENADINES -^
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection
V >
« GRENADA
- - I
TRINIDAD &
=^ TOBAGO ''
i

JB-^--, 10°N-
_
 Land Use & Economies Map

ASIA EUROPE '

ISCW

San Francisco
• St. Louil^

Loss,
UNITED STATE* ,^ Atla«ta
\ijkharlc^e
JU6
Angeles '

<'Oo,
Dal,a,|jf
^^••i
J^V^Houstoff^^<^.^^ ^^^
JL\ Glilfof ^i'^ DOMINICAN
\ MEXICO^^"
*Monterrey
Mexico „
___
^
-^^^J5a^jTBA-«_-
'
ij
'^^ "RFpVmrir
REPU ^ <*jc^
^e\
^^^^.
X^uadaidjara^Jp^l :60=W
yw-w 800 Miles Caribbean Sea '^\
800 Kilometers

Aiimuthol [quidiitant Projection

GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR

COSTA RICA^^J^j(f|k
Predominant Economies PANAMA

Predominant economy Major manufacturing centers ^'^-/vc.

'
Agriculture

Fishing hm
Cement industry

Chemical and pharmaceutical

SOUTH
I Forestry (lumber and pulpwood) y^ High-tech centers AMERICA
I I
Hunting, fishing and forestry ll Pulp and paper

I
Subsistence agriculture ^^jjj Shipbuilding and ship repair

I I
Little or no economic activity Textile industry

I Manufacturing

I I
Nomadic herding

I I
Stock raising on ranches
2 Elevation Map

><
i 1 i -.^ 1

A IS?
"3

lo^ ° ,
^o

I
tsms6 .mm Political Map
<c Political MaRkjgi^
Political Map g
Most of Southbut
America within
does not mean
lies

the tropics, this

that all places there are the same. The

Andes Mountains rise so high that snow

and ice cover the mountain peaks, even on
the Equator. Hot, steamy rain forests grow
on either side of the great Amazon River.
Most people in South America speak
Spanish. In Brazil, however, people speak
Portuguese, and high in the Andes descen-
dents of the Inca Indians of Peru still speak
native languages. More than half of South
America's people live in large cities such as
Rio de Janeiro.

Tropical Rain Forests Around the World

Tropical rain forests are one of Eartli's
South America
1551.3 (620.5) most important environments. Tfiey

are tine source of many

valuable plants and home
to many rare animals.
The world's largest is

Asia
in the Amazon
526.8(210.7)
Basin in Brazil.

North America
180,7(72.3)
Australia/Oceania
133.9(53.6)

f Europe
 South America's tropical forests are

home to many rare animals, such as

this gold lion tamarin, which is native
to the Amazon Basin.

A Sugar Loaf Mountain towers above the

harbor of Rio de Janeiro. This city is famous
for its colorful Carnival celebrations.

This girl's bright shawl

and felt hat reflect the
< The Andes lasting influence of

Mountains form Peru's cultures.

a rocky spine along

the western length
of South America.
Snow and ice cover
many of the peaks.
 M
Caribbean
Sea

Lake
Maiacaibo Q|,,^oC^^

U/A/VA

Malpelo I.

Negro

M A
Amo^„_
Z N

B A S N ,/
/
TOS

Ma to C rosso BRAZILIAN
Plateau

HIGH LA ND S

u S
-
I
^
Iguazu
'«/V

^J^+_i;.0/ai del Salado

San Felix San Ambroiio
I. I.
i/t^i2.S72 ft
Atlantic
Ocean
Cerro Aconcagua
22,834 ft (6,960 m)
Highest point in South America T**f:A'
r-
juan
Fernandez
Is. '"Plata Physical

Pacific ~o/o, A Highest point

rodo
Lowest point

Ocean + Other mountain peak

IsiaCrande', ^\y,\ - Valdes Peninsula

de Chiloe -131 ft (40 m)
aO">
o Lowest point in South America
I
600 Kilometers
O- Uulfuf Azimuthal Equidistant Projection
> San large

Falkland
J^i;^ Islands
Strait of Magellan
Tierra del Fuego
South
^"^^- '*^Ceorgia
Cape Horn
Political Map )f
 Caribbean
Central Sea
America Barranquilla^ /Maracaibo Caracas
Cartagena» J Valencia ,^P- —
Barquisimeto* Maracay

Bucaramanga^
Medellin^ ^

A Quito
ECUADOR.
CuayaquilA

600 Kilometers

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

 Land Use & Economies Map
sow {..di iL'L'i\iil .u V.

,SV(»

Central
^^^^^ena
America

^ .Quito fQUATOR

ECUADOR
^ Guayaquil. Il

10 s '0 s

4d.fc^jL
>
20

-
'^
C4PR/CI
Pfi/v

Atlantic
Ocean

,oS

Predominant Economies

Predominant economy Major manufacturing centers

Agriculture Cement industry
[ [

i I
Fishing ^ Chemical and pharmaceutical

Forestry (lumber and pulpwood) ]M High-tech centers

I 1 Subsistence agriculture Il Pulp and paper

I
;
Little or no economic activity
Shipbuilding and ship repair

H Manufacturing
Textile industry

I I
Stock raising on ranges
 —^ -,-. .J. .v.>^-,.a»>»--.

Africa is a continent of diverse

environments and people. In the
i

deserts of northern and southern Africa

people move from place to place in search
of water. Near the equator, in the rain
forests of the Congo River Basin, water is

abundant. The grasslands of East Africa,

called savannas, are home to herds of wild
animals, including elephants, lions, zebras,
and wildebeests.
Most people in Africa farm lands in the
river valleys and along the coastal plains
where there is access to markets for trading.
Many African cities are growing, as people
move from farm areas to find jobs.

Sources of the World's Diamonds

Diamonds are desired because of their beauty and An elephant walks
liardness. Half of all diamonds in the world come from
through the dry lands
Africa, especially central and southern Africa.
of southern Kenya.
In the distance is the
snow-covered summit
Rest of Africa Rest of the world
5% 50% of Africa's highest peak,

South Africa Mount Kilimanjaro, in

Tanzania.

In this busy market

in North Africa, peo-
Democratic Republic ple dressed in turbans
of the Congo
20% and long robes show
Perce -:. of tot. i
the influence of Arab
diamonds f.ined ii. 1998
culture.
 Training to become a diamond
expert, a student closely examines
uncut, unpolished diamonds from
mines in Central African Republic.
n Physical Map

P E
Atlantic
Ocean /
I
Strait of Gibraltar
Madeira
Islands
H'''^'terranean
Sea
ASIA
JO N
Canary Toubkal Peak
U,665 ft (4,165 m)
^^^'
M
Islands »

TROPICQF CANCER,

A ^ H R
/ Nubian
Tibesfi 20 N
Desert
>4/r Emi Koussi
11,204 ft .

Cape (3,415 m)
Verde Ras Dashen Terara\
, ^15,157
15,157 ft Jr^ .A«^
L
Lake Marra
Chad
Mts.
i-o^"(P'^i"t"' Africa
Highlahds

upper Guinea .<c^"

Lake

Palmas
Cape Cameroon Mt.
13,451 ft (4,100 m)
/
S
Turkana

Congo
t I'Mt. Kenya
EQUATOR Virunga Mts. .
^°^^ '
U7,057ft
^1^86 ft Victoria 1.^(5,199 m)
Cnnan
LOngO (4S07 m)~-^^.C\
Basin ^rn Serengeti
t^Km^anjaro
Ka'Soy
5
i2 ^ Plair): 19,340 ft (5,895 m)
Highest point in Africa
L Tanganyika
O f
C3 -p
Katanga $
Plateau $ 10 s

Atlantic i

Malawi
Ocean
^t>e^'

_1—
Physical
t TROPLC OF CAPRjCpRN
rS,
O Kalahari
2V%

A Highest point Desert V.

0;
Lowest point
+ Other mountain peak
Orange
\(. ihabana Ntlenyana
-1-1,425ft (3,482 m)
iO S

800 Kilometers
Cape of 'ji ^ ]
T J •

A/imuthot Equal-Area Protection

Good Hope CapeAgulhas '
/

j
Indian
Ocean

I 40-S ~ - ^

40''E SO t 60E
 Atlantic
Ocean

Tunis
Strait of'Gilnahai Orani
Madeira Islands
(Portugal) Casablanca .^
r-,c,Ki,5^^^'® "^"i, ,
p^j-V'^nstantine* Lj-i^,.
JlXOnsW Meti!f„ '^^-
''terrcinenn c,
'

>\ 5 / ^
/MOROCCO t V ^^ -Trinnii " ^^<^
Port
iHria ^ Said 30°N
Canary Islands.
.

.
(Spain)
Cairo®V^

'P
EGYPT
>vP •raOPlCQf CANCER.

!0'N --/--
z :^^-

CANtBIA
CHAD DJIBOUTI
BUKKtNA Niamey
g,
-J'ASO S ® -^
INEA-VT"^
GUINEA- - Bamako
®ouaga>.^ou J<ano N'Djamena Djibouti^ —-T
BISSAU"^ GUINEA ^

z ; NIGERIA
I
Z^ llorin®*^^''
z /
I'lVOIREi' <
,'Ogbomosho"*'
Monrovia'®, \ '^ I
"^ ^<*»^badan
''^•^•^'^^'^M^nASral ,fcAMEROOr
AM.>.ia| Lrt£°^_^
Horto- ^ - '
y ij,
nV^ Lome
Ir\rt-io Mr\\/r^ Malabo^
Novo M;ilPlt •^©'^aouni^e
Va<^°
EQUATORIAL GUINEA "^dSk
Mogadishu
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE<' Kisangani.
Kara(f)ala^ /KENYA
EQUATOR
Sao Tome-
•sihrpviilp/'

/pJronS^/
GABON aD / DEMOCRATIC
7
C^ I

RWANDA r ®
\taaii
"^
Nairobi

"- REPUBLIC
(
OF THE CONGO
^RUNDI
'^^. »j^^bura \-Mombasa Victoria^
p-.M
Pointe-Noire^,
'
Kinshasa Kananga ; SEYCHELLES '

Cabinda'
(Angola!
*Mbuji-Mayi TANZANIA ^Dar es Salaam
Ascension
(U.K.)

10°S COMOROS
Atlantic -\ ^Lllbumbashif l^,,,^
Moroni

—ZAMBIA
ii

Ocean ANGOLA J Kitwe* Lilpnqwe 'A .)

Lu
St. Helena
(U.K.)

^MBABWE/ ^>^ (s: I

'^^ Antananarivo
Port Louis
MAURITIUS®
Political r^OTSWANA>--y d" ,^ / -r Reunion

® National capital
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN ]
Gaborone
®
' \ "^
Pretoria .
^
"^
^ ^
(France)

'"---
*> J -® ^-{©Maputo
• Other city

SWAZILAND
800 Miles Durban
800 Kilometers
LESOTHO
Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Cape Town Port
Elizabeth
Indian
\
w Ocean
w Population Map

P E
Atlantic. uR
Ocean/
I

J_ynis

Rabat
^rranean Sea
-,-'/'
ASIA
MOROCCO
'O'N ---_
Alexandria .

Cairo

LIBYA -7^

SENEGAL
Dakar* DJIBOUTI

GUINEA-'
*
BURKINA
BISSAU ^ GUINEA PASO
\^ ) NIGERIA
ION
Conakry*_^
SIERRA ]§/ ,Ogbomosho
LEONE [,^badan
LIBERIA Lagos t
^
,

'Accra TOGO /
^Yaounde
DOLiala^
'

EQUATORIAL GUINEA
CAMEROON
;
A7 KENYA
.
,

EQUATOR ampal^.
SAO TOME &' GABON /
Q'y RWANDA / P ^airobi
PRINCIPE ^/ DEMOCRATIC
J
Brazzaville
REPUBLIC ,^
^rn}k OF THE CONGO BURUNDI
7\„,,p,,^,r)i
^-^-^^^
Atlantic Kinshasa >^
/ SEYCHELLES
Cabinda' iDar es Salaam
Ocean (Angola) TANZANIA
.Luanda
r

10 s 10 s
Lubumbashi/ _^^___^_^-'^ COMOROS
Population ANGOLA MALAWI

People per People per w Cfr

square mile square km
'? Antananarivo
520 and greater ^ 200 and greater
ZIMBABWE/ ^J^-^ .(j*

260-519 [~] 100-199

NAMIBIA ir MAURITIUS
130-259 50-99 TROPjC OF CAPRICORN

25-129 10-49
_Pretoria
1-24 n 1-9
lohannesburg
Uninliabited Q Uninhabited

Urban area population SOUTH 30°S

B 5 million and greater AFRICA
* 1 million-4,999,999 Cape Town*
Indian
" 500,000-999,999
800 Miles Ocean
No(?; Dala cotagoriei for this map
ore not necessarily the same 800 Kilometers
as other population mapi.
Azimuthat Equal-Area Projection
- tO'S

iO-^ 20'E i0=E ^0 E

 P E
Atlantic oR
Ocean

Casablanca,^
'""'^'^erran;^ Sea
ASIA
MOROCCO.

Western
Sahara
(lHorocco)

DJIBOUTI

GUINEA-
BISSAU
^GUINEA
ION

SIERRA
LEOHf.

TOGO
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
EQUATOR RWANDA KENYA
SAO TOME & Basin , Nairobi
PRINCIPE ^^M~
^ DEMOCRATIC V^
Atlantic REPUBLIC ^BURUNDI
'Kinshasa
SEYCHELLES
Ocean Cabinda OFTHE CONGO
(Angolai TANZANIA

Predominant Economies COMOROS

Predominant economy

I [
Agriculture w
[ _ J
Fishing

Subsistence agriculture
I I

MAURITIUS
Little or no economic activity

i
I [

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
m Manufacturing

I I
Nonnadic herding

I I
Stock raising on ranches
LESOTHO
Major manufacturing centers
\^^lJi Durban
Cement
SOUTH
industry
AFRICA
^ Chemical and pharmaceutical
Indian
II Pulp and paper

^^ll Shipbuilding and ship repair

Ocean
^ Textile industry 800 Kilometers

Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

i.vv^^^, %:^.
M.i^S
jsjapiSite. s.3W!SESS3^

T R
] iuroT1

From the sunny beaches of the

Mediterranean Sea to the icy shores of
the Arctic Ocean, Europe is a continent
of great diversity. Historically, Europe has
been home to great empires such as the
Roman and the Greek. Countries like
Germany have been divided by wars and
reunited in peace. People of Europe speak
different languages, celebrate different
holidays, enjoy different foods, live in ^*5?v'«
more than 40
a little larger
countries-all in
than the United
an area
States.
just
^^
Growth of the European Union
The European Union (EU) has united the economies
of 15 countries. In the near future 13 more countries
are expected to join. A Long, warm
days of the
Mediterranean
summer help
sunflowers grow
in Italy.

France

Germany

I i New membe
Croatii
T St. Basil's Cathedral is a famous
Russian landmark. Located in the city
of Moscow, it is a symbol of the Russian
Orthodox Church.
V Physical Map
Political Map
01 Population Map
Land Use & Economies Map
Asia is Earth's largest continent and
i home to more than 60 percent of
the world's people. It is a continent of
extremes. Mount Everest, in Nepal, is the
highest mountain on Earth. The shore of
the Dead Sea, in Israel, is the lowest place
on land. The Arabian Peninsula is a vast,
dry desert, but Indonesia has steamy
With over one billion people,
rainforests.
China has the world's largest population.

Religions of the World

Many of the world's major religions began In Asia.

From there, they spread across the world. This graph A. A river becomes
shows the percent of the world's population that a highway for
identifies with each of these major religions. this floating

market. People
move about to
trade and sell their
Buddhism
6% goods.

Confucianism/
Chinese
traditional
religions
7%
* includ?- Judaism, Sikhism, Bahai,

and religions lass than 0.1%

'W
 IJIfllf/lll

7"/?e city of Hong Kong is one of the

busiest trading centers in tine world.

.to

-:> A 4-^
If?.
'y.
P
Vk •
'^'1

n* t_»-4. •. ^ Si-*i'

-.W-M
*^T-.-

_ *4
[-y-^

^r«"W
M
4*^

Pakistan A Climbers seem tiny

below towering peaks
and jagged glaciers
of the Karakoram
Mountains.
t ^':^

This elephant in
northwest India is

draped in colorful W'Mr^:

^>^ blankets. Indian elephants
can be trained to work
and carry heavy loads.
ro

Q.
ro
o >^
nj
c
o OJ

ZO 1

® •
Political Map >
 /
DO
^
Q.

^ o <v SI

•o 3
c c
(9
c
"3 3 1o Ol 2
c c
oc Ol
c Ol o Ol o
F
(0 c Ol
il <u
—3 ^ o D X c
^ c c u .£
c o T3
3 c
'3
c c E
o 3 3 o o
< X 2 z
31] I] 11 D

I.

I
Ui
c pharmaceutical
repair

1a
3
4^ ship

5S industry
and
centers

paper
and

= industry

1
and
Shipbuilding

Chemical High-tech

Cement
Textile

e Pulp

^ 1^ Il
^^ll^

I
I Australia
J & Oceania

Sometimes called the "land down under,"

'

Australia dominates the southwestern

Pacific Ocean, but it is not alone. Many
islands are sprinkled across the deep waters
of the Pacific.New Zealand and New Guinea
are large compared with tiny island nations
such as Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Islands of
Oceania, as the Pacific region is sometimes
called, range from forest-covered mountains
to ring-shaped coral islands called atolls.
The middle of Australia is very dry, so most
people live in cities near the coast.
A Sydney Opera
House, perched on
Sheep population in millions, 2002 the edge of the

Australia city's harbor, is a

136
symbol of modern
New Zealand
45 Australia.

Russia/Baltic States

China
-;F?rt 136
Uruguay
j
Young men
Sheep Farming Nations
Argentina perform a tradi-
Australiaand New Zealand tional victory dance
I
South Africa have almost 24 million
wearing costumes
people. But humans are

W
—
,•
USA
1
'V-
/
'? not the largest population
in these two countries. There
made of palm
leaves, grass,

lr-7 and flowers.

are over seven times more
sheep than people!
 Palmyra Island

'W^^

nr^

The worm waters of the

equatorial Pacific Ocean are
rich in marine life, such as
this large sea turtle.

«i>.

"4 Isolation has

resulted in unique
wildlife in Australia.

This red kangaroo

carries her

baby-called
^A a "joey "-in

1^ a pouch on her
stomach.

hi.*'

\ (ji
Australia
^5 Physical Map
 Political Map >

= o

'5®

SB
A(>pLjn^

Xepuoi^j

.\<^^

i
2<
^s o<

Zoi

V- -<N^
1 !-.

^s

0:

:S5
^ O
O

^.^' ; /^ \
\k ^ y
/
8
\ ^L D
^
\
=^
\
:\ „,'.--

I,
^\
•z. 1
\_^x)
^2 Population Map
 Land Use & Economies Map

XE

Z
<

zn

£ -S
I Antarctica

I
ost of Antarctica lies below layers
of snow and ice, often over three
miles thick. In addition to being the
coldest of all the continents, Antarctica
is different in many ways. It has no perma-
nent population and no cities. Scientists

live and work in research stations in this

remote place for a few months at a time.
Only a few species of animals, such as
penguins and seals, have adapted to the
bitter cold.

The Size of an Iceberg

Most icebergs-blocks of ice floating in the ocean-form
along the coasts of Alaska, Greenland, and Antarctica.
Icebergs may look small, but actually as much as
90% of an iceberg's mass may be below the surface Sunlight turns the snow
of the water and ice of the Antarctic
Peninsula shades of gold
and rose.

^Scientists live in shelters

at the South Pole. The

United States and 23 other
countries use Antarctica as
a giant laboratory to study
Earth.

South Pole, Antarctica

 T Elephant seals are one of the few
mammals able to live in Antarctica's
frigid environment.

'iii^BMngSs; 'W<'W.

A Penguins catch fish

in the icy waters that

surround Antarctica.
(C Physical Map
 Political Map >

-V
AUSTRALIAN CLAIM ^,

1 o
00
-J
lui (J
'y Q
o Z
u <
t <-j
<
(i;
^
T N
^
iy
/ ^

c
E
o
n D
c C
o U u ^ 0^ re
o c QJ l/l >>

o (B ac nj
c _c
c •a b re
3
Ul
c 3 V O 01
>/) 1^ < !« CD > q: *- a. <
"f^
10 rsl 3 m
— Q. TT ^ u-i c ^ c rx Ol
un
0^ c ,
q: 1 1/1 ,
_) ;
-3 ^ 3 ,
_3
x: £.
y <
cu <z c
(U 3
DC C
-^
2:,?
C rs)
i;;0
o 01 u
c <U ^^1
ftl VJ
O c
•
2 o c c 3
^1 N
c ^ >- E
Dc 1
'a»
00
c E
< c
iT C

c E
.2
'w
re
III re
re
a;
re
01
c
'n o Ol c V
5 (3
o 3 UOo-
< (N " "^ CO <^ a ^ u r\ CO o^ ^ ""
 Country Flags & Facts
i^t the beginning of the 21st century
Am there were 191 independent countries Cuba Jamaica
in the world. Each country is unique in Area: 42,803 sq mi Grenada Area: 4,243 sq mi
(110,860 sq km) Area: 1 31 sq mi (10,989 sq km)
terms of size, organization, and culture. Population: 11,300,000 (339 sq km) Population: 2,600,000
The flag of each country is a special symbol Capital: Havana Population: 100,000 Capital: Kingston
Language: Spanish Capital: St. George's Languages: English,
of national pride. The colors and symbols Languages: English,
Major Export: Sugar Creole
on the flag often represent important Major Import: Petroleum French patois Major Export: Alumina
Major Export: Bananas Major Import: Machinery
elements of a country's history.
Major Import: Foods

NORTH
AMERICA
Dominica
l#l
Area: 290 sq mi
(751 sq km)
Mexico
Belize
Population: 100,000 Guatemala Area: 756,062 sq mi
Area: 8,865 sq mi (1,958,201 sq km)
Capital: Roseau Area: 42,042 sq mi
(22,960 sq km) Population: 99,600,000
Languages: English, (108,889 sq km)
Population: 300,000 Capital: Mexico City
French Population: 1 3,000,000
Capital:Belmopan Languages: Spanish,
Antigua and Language: English Major Export: Bananas Capital: Guatemala City
Native American

H
Barbuda Major Import: Languages: Spanish,
Major Export: Sugar languages
Area: 70 sq mi
1 Manufactured Goods Mayan dialects
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Crude Oil
(440 sq km) Major Export: Coffee
Population: 100,000 Major Import: Petroleum Major Import: Machinery
Capital:
Languages:
St.

local dialects
John's
English,

Major Export: Petroleum

Products
Major Import: Foods
and Livestock
HI
Canada
Area: 3,849,670 sq mi
Dominican
Republic
(9,970,610 sq km) Haiti Nicaragua
Area: 18,815 sq mi
Population: 31,000,000 Area: 10,714 sq mi Area: 50,193 sq mi
(48,731 sq km)
Capital:Ottawa (27,750 sq km) (129,999 sq km)
Population: 8,600,000
Languages: English, Population: 7,000,000 Population: 5,200,000
Capital: Santo Domingo
French (both official)
Capital: Port-au-Prince
Capital: Managua
Language: Spanish
Major Export: Newsprint Languages: French, Creole Language: Spanish
Major Export: Ferronickel
Major Import: Crude Oil Major Export: Coffee
Bahamas Major Import: Foods Major Export:
Manufactured Goods Major Import:
Area: 5,359 sq mi
Major Import: Machinery Manufactured Goods
(1 3,880 sq km)
Population: 300,000
Capital: Nassau
Languages: English, Creole
Major Export:
Pharmaceuticals
Costa Rica El Salvador
Major Import: Foods Area: 19,730 sq mi
(51,100 sq km)
Area: 8,124 sq mi Honduras

§m Population: 3,700,000
(21,041 sq km) Area: 43,278 sq mi Panama
Population: 6,400,000 (11 2,090 sq km) Area: 29,158 sq mi
Capital: San jose
Capital: San Salvador Population: 6,700,000 (75,519 sq km)
Language: Spanish Language: Spanish Capital: Tegucigalpa Population: 2,900,000
Major Export: Coffee Major Export: Coffee Language: Spanish Capital: Panama City
Major Import: Raw Major Import: Raw Major Export: Bananas Language: Spanish
Materials
Materials Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Bananas
Barbados
Area: 1 66 sq mi
Major Import: Machinery
(430 sq km)
Population: 300,000
Capital: Bridgetown
Language: English
Major Export: Sugar
Major Import:
Manufactured Goods

54
 United States Paraguay
Chile
St. Kitts and Nevis Area: 3,717,796 sq mi Venezuela
Area: 292,135 sq mi Area: 157,046 sq mi
Area: 1 39 sq mi (9,629,091 sq km) Area: 352,143 sq mi
(756,626 sq km) (406,749 sq km)
(360 sq km) Population: 284,500,000 (912,050 sq km)
Population: 15,400,000 Population: 5,700,000
Population: 40,000 Capital: Washington, D.C. Population: 24,600,000
Capital: Santiago Capital: Asuncion
Capital: Basseterre Language: English Capital: Caracas
Language: Spanish Languages: Spanish, Cuaranf
Language: English Major Export: Machinery Language: Spanish
Major Export: Copper Major Export: Cotton
Major Export: Machinery Major Import: Crude Oil Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Machinery Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Major Import:
Electronic Goods Raw Materials

SOUTH l<i)l
AMERICA
Colombia
AFRICA
St. Lucia Peru
Area: 439,734 sq mi
Area: 239 sq mi Area: 496,224 sq mi
(1,138,511 sq km)
(619 sq km) (1,285,220 sq km)
Population: 43,100,000
Population: 200,000 Population: 26,100,000
Capital: Bogota
Capital: Castries
Capital: Lima
Language: Spanish Languages: Spanish,
Languages: English,
Major Export: Petroleum
French patois Argentina Quechua (both official),
Major Import: Machinery Aymara
Major Export: Bananas Area: 1,073,514 sq mi
Major Import: Foods (2,780,401 sq km) Major Export: Copper Algeria
Population: 37,500,000 Major Import: Machinery Area: 919,591 sq mi
Capital: Buenos Aires (2,381,521 sq km)
Language: Spanish Population: 31,000,000

El
St.Vincent and
Major Export: Meat
Major Import: Machinery
Ecuador
Area: 109,483 sq mi
(283,561 sq km)
Population: 12,900,000
Capital: Algiers
Languages: Arabic, French,
Berber
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Machinery
the Grenadines
Area: 151 sq mi
(391 sq km)
Population: 100,000
^^J
Bolivia
Capital: Quito
Languages: Spanish,
Quechua
Major Export: Petroleum
Suriname
Area: 63,039 sq mi
(163,271 sq km)
Population: 400,000
Capital: Kingstown Major Import: Transport Capital: Paramaribo
Area: 424,162 sq mi
Languages: English, Equipment Languages: Dutch
(1,098,580 sq km)
French Major Export: Bauxite
Population: 8,500,000 Angola
Major Export: Bananas Major Import: Machinery
Capitals: La Paz, Sucre Area: 481,351 sq mi
Major Import: Foods Languages: Spanish, (1,246,699 sq km)
Quechua, Aymara (all official)
Population: 12,300,000
Major Export: Metals Capital: Luanda
Major Import: Machinery
^r c
Languages: Portuguese,
Guyana local languages
Area: 83,000 sq mi Major Export: Crude Oil
(214,969 sq km) Major Import: Machinery
Uruguay
Trinidad and Population: 700,000 Area: 68,498 sq mi
Tobago Capital:Georgetown (1 77,41 Osq km)
Area: 1,981 sq mi Language: English Population: 3,400,000
(5,131 sq km) Major Export: Sugar Capital:Montevideo
Brazil
Population: 1,300,000 Major Import: Languages: Spanish
Area: 3,300,154 sq mi
Capital: Port-of-Spain Manufactured Goods Major Export: Wool aetsaas
(8,547,399 sq km)
Language: English
Population: 171,800,000 Major Import: Machinery Benin
Major Export: Petroleum
Capital: Brasflia Area: 43,483 sq mi
Major Import: Machinery
Language: Portuguese (112,621 sq km)
Major Export: Iron Ore Population: 6,600,000
Major Import: Crude Oil Capital: Porto-Novo
Languages: French, Fon,
Yoruba
Major Export: Cotton
Major Import: Foods

55
Botswana
Area: 224,606 sq mi
(581,730 sq km)
Population: 1,600,000
Capital: Gaborone
Cape Verde
Area: 1,556 sq mi
(4,030 sq km)
Population: 400,000
Capital: Praia
Languages: Portuguese,
n
Congo
Area: 132,046 sq mi
(341,999 sq km)
Population: 3,100,000
Capital: Brazzaville
Egypt
Area: 386,660 sq mi
(1,001,449 sq km)
Population: 69,800,000
Capital: Cairo
Gabon
Area: 103,347 sq mi
(267,667 sq km)
Population: 1,200,000
Capital: Libreville
Languages: English, Setswana Languages: French,
Crioulo Language: Arabic Languages: French, local
Major Export: Diamonds Monokutuba
Lingala,
Major Export: Shoes Major Export: Crude Oil languages
Major Import: Foods Major Export: Crude Oil
Major Import: Foods Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Crude Oil
Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Machinery

Burkina Faso Central African

Equatorial Guinea
Area: 105,792 sq mi Republic Congo, Democratic Area: 10,830 sq mi
(274,000 sq km) Area: 240,533 sq mi Republic of the Gambia
(28,050 sq km)
Population: 12,300,000 (622,980 sq km) Area: 905,351 sq mi Area: 4,363 sq mi
Population: 500,000
Capital: Ouagadougou Population: 3,600,000 (2,344,859 sq km) (1 1,300 sq km)
Capital:Malabo
Languages: French, local Capital: Bangui Population: 53,600,000 Population: 1,400,000
Languages: Spanish,
languages Languages: French, Capital: Kinshasa Capital: Banjul
French (both official).
Major Export: Cotton Sango, Arabic, Hunsa Languages: French, Languages: English,
Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Diamonds Lingala, Kingwana Mandinka, Fula

D
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Foods Major Export: Diamonds Major Export: Peanuts
Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Major Import: Foods
Manufactured Goods

Burundi
Area: 10,745 sq mi Chad Eritrea
(27,830 sq km) Area: 495,753 sq mi Area: 45,405 sq mi Ghana
Population: 6,200,000 (1,283,948 sq km) Cote d'lvoire (11 7,599 sq km) Area: 92,100 sq mi
Capital:Bujumbura Population: 8,700,000 Area: 124,502 sq mi Population: 4,300,000 (238,537 sq km)
Languages: Kirundi, Capital: N'Djamena (322,460 sq km) Asmara
Capital: Population: 19,900,000
French (both official) Languages: French, Arabic Population: 16,400,000 Languages: Afar, Amharic, Capital: Accra
Major Export: Coffee (both Capitals: Yamoussoukro, Arabic, Tigre Languages: English,
official), Sara, Sango,
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Cotton Abidjan Major Export: Livestock local languages
Major Import: Machinery Languages: French, Major Import: Processed Major Export: Gold
Dioula Foods Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Cocoa
Major Import: Foods

Cameroon
Area: 183,568 sq mi Ethiopia
(475,442 sq km) Comoros Area: 426,371 sq mi Guinea
Population: 15,800,000 Area: 861 sq mi
(1,104,301 sq km) Area: 94,927 sq mi
(2,230 sq km) Djibouti
Capital: Yaounde Population: 65,400,000 (245,861 sq km)
Population: 600,000 Area: 8,958 sq mi
Languages: French, English Capital: Addis Ababa Population: 7,600,000
Capital: Moroni (23,200 sq km)
local languages Languages: Amharic, Capital: Conakry
Languages: Arabic, French Population: 600,000
Major Export: Crude Oil Tigrinya,Orominga Languages: French,
(both official), Comoran Capital: Djibouti
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Coffee local languages
Major Export: Vanilla Languages: French, Arabic
Major Import; Foods Major Export: Bauxite
Major Import: Rice (both official)
and Livestock Major Import: Petroleum
Major Export: Hides
Products
and Skins
Major Import: Foods

56
Guinea-Bissau Libya
Mauritania
Sao Tome and
Area: 1 3,946 sq mi Area: 679,359 sq mi Namibia Principe
Area: 395,954 sq mi Area: 318,259 sq mi
(36,120 sq km) (1,759,540 sq km) Area: 371 sq mi
Population: 1,200,000 Population: 5,200,000 (1,025,521 sq km) (824,291 sq km) (961 sq km)
Population: 2,700,000 Population: 1,800,000
Capital: Bissau Capital: Tripoli Population: 260,000
Capital: Nouakchott Capital: Windhoek
Languages: Portuguese, Language: Arabic Capital: Sao Tome
Major Export: Crude Oil Languages: Hasaniya Languages: English,
Crioulo, Fula Language: Portuguese,
Arabic, Wolof (both official) Afrikaans, local languages
Major Export: Cashews Major Import: Machinery Criulo
Major Import: Foods Major Export: Fish Major Export: Diamonds Major Export: Cocoa
Major Import: Foods Major Import: Major Import: Textiles
Construction Materials

Kenya
Area: 224,081 sq mi
(580,370 sq km)
IVIadagascar
Area: 226,656 sq mi
(587,039 sq km)
Population: 16,400,000
Mauritius
Area: 788 sq mi
(2,040 sq km)
na
Senegal
Area: 75,954 sq mi
Population: 29,800,000 Niger (196,721 sq km)
Capital: Antananarivo Population: 1,200,000
Capital: Nairobi Area: 489,189 sq mi Population: 9,700,000
Languages: French, Capital: Port Louis
Languages: English, (1,267,000 sq km) Capital: Dakar
Malagasy (both official) Languages: English,
Swahili (both official) Population: 10,400,000 Languages: French, Wolof,
Major Export: Coffee Creole, French, Bhojpuri
Major Export: Tea Niamey

M
Capital: Pulaar, Diola
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Sugar
Major Import: Machinery Languages: French, Hausa, Major Export: Fish
Major Import: Foods
Djerma Major Import: Foods

n
Major Export: Uranium
Major Import:
Manufactured Goods

Lesotho Malawi
^^jj
Morocco Seychelles
Area: 1 1,718 sq mi Area: 45,745 sq mi
Area: 279,757 sq mi
Area: 1 74 sq mi
(30,350 sq km) (118,480 sq km) (451 sq km)
Population: 2,200,000 (724,571 sq km)
Population: 10,500,000 Population: 100,000
Population: 29,500,000 Nigeria
Capital: Maseru Capital: Lilongwe
Area: 356,668 sq mi Capital: Victoria
Capital: Rabat
Languages: English, Languages: Chewa,
(923,770 sq km) Languages: English, French
Sesotho, Zulu, Xhosa Languages: Arabic,
English (both official) (both official), Creole
Berber, French Population: 126,600,000
Major Export: Clothing

n
Major Export: Tobacco Major Export: Fish
Major Export: Foods Capital: Abuja
Major Import: Corn Major Import: Foods Major Import: Foods
Major Import: Languages: English,
Manufactured Goods Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Machinery

Liberia
Area: 43,000 sq mi Mali Sierra Leone
(11 1,369 sq km) Area: 478,838 sq mi Mozambique Area: 27,699 sq mi
Population: 3,200,000 Area: 309,494 sq mi (71,740 sq km)
(1,240,307 sq km) Rwanda
Capital: Monrovia (801,598 sq km) Population: 5,400,000
Population: 11,000,000 Area: 10,170 sq mi
Languages: English, local Population: 19,400,000 Capital: Freetown
Capital: Bamako (26,340 sq km)
languages Capital: Maputo Languages: English,
Languages: French, Population: 7,300,000
Major Export: Diamonds Bambara Languages: Portuguese, Mende, Temne, Krio
Capital: Kigali
Major Import: Natural Gas Major Export: Cotton local languages Major Export: Diamonds
Languages: Kinyarwanda,
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Cashews Major Import: Foods
French, English (all official)
Major Import: Foods
Major Export: Coffee
Major Import: Foods

57
Somalia
Area: 246,201 sq mi
Tanzania Zambia Austria Bulgaria
Area: 364,900 sq mi Area: 290,583 sq mi Area: 32,378 sq mi Area: 42,822 sq mi
(637,657 sq km)
(945,087 sq km) (752,610 sq km) (83,859 sq km) (11 0,909 sq km)
Population: 7,500,000
Population: 36,200,000 Population: 9,800,000 Population: 8,100,000 Population: 8,100,000
Capital: Mogadishu
Capitals: Dar es Salaam, Capital: Lusaka Capital: Vienna Capital: Sofia
Languages: Somali, Arabic,
Dodoma Languages: English, local Language: German Language: Bulgarian
Major Export: Livestock
Languages: Swahili, English languages Major Export: Machinery Major Export: Machinery
Major Import: Textiles
(both official) Major Export: Copper Major Import: Petroleum Major Import: Fuels

^
Major Export: Coffee Major Import:
Major Import: Machinery Manufactured Goods

South Africa Belarus Croatia

Area: 80,1 54 sq mi Area: 21,830 sq mi
Area: 471,444 sq mi Zimbabwe (207,598 sq km) (56,540 sq km)
(1,221,038 sq km) Togo Area: 150,873 sq mi
Population: 10,000,000 Population: 4,700,000
Population: 43,600,000 Area: 21,927 sq mi (390,761 sq km) Capital: Minsk Capital: Zagreb
Capitals: Pretoria, Cape (56,791 sq km) Population: 11,400,000
Languages: Belarussian, Language: Serbo-Croatian
Town, Bloemfontein Population: 5,200,000 Capital: Harare
Russian Major Export: Transport
Languages: Afrikaans, Capital: Lome Languages: English,
Major Export: Machinery Equipment
English, Zulu (all official)
Languages: French, Ewe, Shona, Sindebele Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Fuels
Major Export: Cold Mina, Kabye Major Export: Gold
Major Import: Transport Major Export: Major Import: Machinery
Equipment Phosphates
Major Import:
Manufactured Goods

EUROPE
Czech Republic
Sudan Area: 30,448 sq mi
Area: 967,494 sq mi
Belgium (78,860 sq km)
Area: 1 1,787 sq mi
(2,505,809 sq km) Population: 10,300,000
(30,528 sq km)
Population: 31,800,000 Capital: Prague
Tunisia Population: 10,300,000
Capital:Khartoum Languages: Czech, Slovak
Area: 63,1 70 sq mi Capital: Brussels
Languages: Arabic, Major Export: Machinery
(163,610 sq km) Languages: Flemish,
Nubian, Ta Bedawie Major Import: Crude Oil
Population: 9,700,000 French
Major Export: Cotton Albania
Capital: Tunis Major Export: Iron and

B
Major Import: Petroleum Area: 1 1,100 sq mi
Languages: Arabic, French Steel
Products (28,748 sq km)
Major Export: Petroleum Population: 3,400,000 Major Import: Fuels
Products
Capital: Tirana
Major Import: Machinery Language: Albanian
Major Export: Asphalt
Major Import: Machinery

Denmark
Area: 16,637 sq mi
Swaziland Bosnia and (43,090 sq km)
Area: 6,703 sq mi Herzegovina
(1 7,361 sq km)
Population: 1,100,000
Uganda
^l^p^H Area: 19,741 sq mi
Population: 5,400,000
Capital: Copenhagen
(51,129 sq km) Language: Danish
Area: 93,066 sq mi
Capital: Mbabane Population: 3,400,000 Major Export: Machinery
(241,041 sq km)
Languages. English, Swazi Andorra Capital: Sarajevo Major Import: Machinery
Population: 24,000,000
(both official) Area: 1 74 sq mi Language: Serbo-Croatian
Major Export: Capital:Kampala
Soft Drink (451 sq km) Major Export: N/A
Languages: English, Ganda
Concentrates Population: 100,000 Major Import: N/A
Major Export: Coffee
Major Import: Machinery Capital: Andorra la Vella
Major Import: Machinery
Languages: Catalan,
French, Spanish
Major Export: Electricity
Major Import:
Manufactured Goods

58
Estonia
Area: 1 7,41 3 sq mi
(45,099 sq km)
Population: 1,400,000
Capital: Tallinn
Language: Estonian
Greece
Area: 50,950 sq mi
(131,960 sq km)
Population: 10,900,000
Capital: Athens
Language: Greek
n
Italy
Area: 1 16,320 sq mi

(301,269 sq km)
Population: 57,800,000
Capital: Rome
Language: Italian
Luxembourg
Area: 999 sq mi
(2,587 sq km)
Population: 400,000
Capital:
Languages:
Luxembourg
Monaco
Area:
(2.6 sq
1 sq mi
km)
Population: 30,000
Monaco

m
Capital:
Major Export: Textiles Luxembourgian,
Major Export: Foods Major Export: Metals Languages: French
Major Import: Machinery German, French
Major Import: Machinery Major Import: Machinery Major Export: N/A
Major Export:
Major Import: N/A
Steel Products
Major Import: Minerals

Latvia
Finland
Area: 1 30,560 sq mi Hungary
Area: 24,942 sq mi
(64,599 sq km)
A^^
(338,150 sq km) Area: 35,919 sq mi Macedonia Netherlands
Population: 2,400,000
Population: 5,200,000 (93,030 sq km) Area: 9,927 sq mi Area: 15,768 sq mi
Capital: Riga
Capital: Helsinki Population: 10,000,000 (25,711 sq km) (40,839 sq km)
Languages: Latvian,
Languages: Finnish, Capital: Budapest Population: 2,000,000 Population: 16,000,000
Russian
Swedish (both official) Language: Hungarian Capital: Skopje Capital: Amsterdam
Major Export: Wood

n
Major Export: Paper Major Export: Machinery Languages: Macedonian, Language: Dutch
Major Import: Fuels
Major Import: Foods Major Import: Crude Oil Albanian Major Export:
Major Export: Manufactured Goods

n
Manufactured Goods Major Import: Raw
Major Import: Fuels Materials

Liechtenstein
France Iceland
Area: 62 sq mi
Area: 212,934 sq mi (160 sq km)
Area: 39,768 sq mi
(551,499 sq km) Population: 30,000
(102,999 sq km)
Population: 59,200,000
Population: 300,000
Capital: Vaduz Malta Norway
Capital: Paris Language: German Area: 124 sq mi
Capital: Reykjavfk Area: 125,050 sq mi
Language: French Major Export: Machinery (321 sq km)
Language: Icelandic (323,880 sq km)
Major Export: Machinery Major Import: Machinery Population: 400,000
Major Export: Fish Population: 4,500,000
Major Import: Crude Oil Capital: Valletta
Major Import: Machinery Capital: Oslo
Languages: Maltese,
Language: Norwegian

wn
English (both official)
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Export: Machinery
Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Foods

Lithuania
Area: 25,1 74 sq mi
Ireland
Germany Area: 27,135 sq mi
(65,200 sq km)
Area: 37,830 sq mi
1 Population: 3,700,000
(70,280 sq km)
(356,978 sq km) Capital: Vilnius
Population: 3,800,000
Population: 82,200,000
Capital: Dublin
Languages: Lithuanian, Moldova Poland
Capital: Berlin Polish, Russian Area: 3,012 sq mi
Languages: English, Irish 1
Area: 124,807 sq mi
Language: German Major Export: Foods and (33,701 sq km)
Gaelic (323,250 sq km)
Major Export: Machinery Livestock Population: 4,300,000
Major Export: Chemicals Population: 38,600,000
Major Import: Machinery Major Import: Minerals Capital: Chijinau
Major Import: Foods Capital: Warsaw
Languages: Moldovan, Language: Polish
Russian
Major Export:
Major Export: Foods Manufactured Goods
Major Import: Petroleum Major Import: Machinery

59
Portugal
Area: 35,514 sq mi
(91,981 sq km)
Population: 10,000,000
Capital: Lisbon
Language: Portuguese
H
Slovai<ia
Area: 18,923 sq mi
(49,01 1 sq km)
Population: 5,400,000
Capital: Bratislava
Languages: Slovak,
Switzerland
Area: 15,942 sq mi
(41,290 sq km)
Yugoslavia
Area: 39,448 sq mi
(102,170 sq km)
Population: 10,700,000
Capital: Belgrade
Languages: Serbo-
Croatian, Albanian
Bahrain
Area: 266 sq mi
(689 sq km)
Population: 700,000
Capital: Manama
Language: Arabic
Population: 7,200,000 Major Export: Major Export: Petroleum

D
Major Export: Clothing Hungarian
Capital: Bern Manufactured Goods Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Transport
Languages: German, Major Import: Machinery
Equipment
French, Italian
Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Precision
Instruments
Major Import: Machinery

ASIA
Bangladesh
Romania Area: 55,598 sq mi
Area: 92,042 sq mi
Slovenia
(143,998 sq km)
(238,389 sq km) Area: 7,819 sq mi
Population: 133,500,000
Population: 22,400,000 (20,251 sq km)
Capital:Dhaka
Capital: Bucharest
Population: 2,000,000
Language: Bengali
Languages: Romanian, Capital: Ljubljana Ukraine Major Export: Clothing
Hungarian Languages: Slovene, Area: 233,089 sq mi
Major Import: Machinery
Serbo-Croatian (603,701 sq km) Afghanistan
Major Export: Textiles
Major Export: Transport Population: 49,100,000 Area: 251,772 sq mi
Major import: Fuels
Equipment Capital: Kiev (652,089 sq km)
Major Import: Machinery Languages: Ukrainian, Population: 26,800,000
Russian Capital: Kabul

5i
Russia
Area: 6,592,819 sq mi
Major Export: Metals
Major Import: Machinery
Languages: Pashto, Dari
Major Export: Fruits and
Nuts
Major Import: Foods Bhutan
Area: 18,147 sq mi
(47,001 sq km)
Population: 900,000
(17,075,401 sq km) Spain Capital: Thimphu
Population: 144,400,000 Area: 195,363 sq mi Languages: Dzonkha,
Capital: Moscow (505,990 sq km) United Kingdom Local languages
Languages: Russian, Population: 39,800,000 Area: 94,548 sq mi
local
Armenia Major Export: Cardamom
languages Capital: Madrid (244,879 sq km)
Area: 1 1,506 sq mi Major Import: Fuels
Major Export: Petroleum Languages: Spanish, Population: 60,000,000
(29,801 sq km)
Major Import: Machinery Catalan, Calician, Basque Capital: London
Population: 3,800,000
Major Export: Cars and Languages: English, Welsh,
Capital: Yerevan
Trucks Scottish Gaelic
Languages: Armenian,
Major Import: Machinery Major Export:
Russian
Manufactured Goods
Major Export: Gold
Major Import: Foods Brunei
Major Import: Grain
Area: 2,228 sq mi
(5,771 sq km)
Population: 300,000
San Marino Capital: Bandar Seri
Area: 23 sq mi
Begawan
(60 sq km) Sweden Languages: Malay, English,
Population: 30,000 Area: 73,730 sq mi
1
Azerbaijan Chinese
Capital: San Marino (449,961 sq km)
Area: 33,436 sq mi Major Export: Crude Oil
Language: Italian Population: 8,900,000
(86,599 sq km) Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Building Capital: Stockholm Vatican City Population: 8,: 00,000
Stone Language: Swedish Area: 0.2 sq mi
Capital: Baki.
Major Import: Major Export: Paper (0.4 sq km)
Languages: Azeri, Russian,
Manufactured Goods Products Population: 1,000
Armenian
Major Import: Crude Oil Languages: Italian, Latin
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Export: N/A
Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: N/A

60
 Korea, North
Cambodia Israel Area: 46,541 sq mi Laos
Area: 69,900 sq mi India Area: 8,1 31 sq mi (120,538 sq km) Area: 91,429 sq mi
(181,041 sq km) Area: 1,269,340 sq mi Population: 22,000,000
(21,059 sq km) (236,800 sq km)
Population: 13,100,000 (3,287,606 sq km) Population: 6,400,000 Capital:Pyongyang Population: 5,400,000
Capital:Phnom Penh Population: 1,033,000,000 Capital: Jerusalem Language: Korean Capital: Vientiane
Languages: Khmer, French Capital: New Delhi
Languages: Hebrew, Major Export: Minerals Languages: Lao, French
Major Export: Timber Languages: Hindi, English, Arabic Major Import: Petroleum Major Export: Wood
Major Import: Local Languages
Major Export: Polished Products
Construction Materials Major Export: Gems and Diamonds Major Import: Machinery
Jewelry Major Import: Chemicals
Major Import: Crude Oil

Korea, South
Area: 38,324 sq mi
China (99,259 sq km) Lebanon
Area: 3,696,100 sq mi Indonesia |apan Population: 48,800,000 Area: 4,015 sq mi
(9,572,899 sq km) Area: 145,869 sq mi Capital: Seoul (10,399 sq km)
Area: 735,355 sq mi
Population: (377,801 sq km) Language: Korean Population: 4,300,000
(1,904,569 sq km)
1,273,300,000 Population: 206,100,000
Population: 127,100,000 Major Export: Electronic Capital: Beirut
Capital: Beijing Capital: Tokyo Equipment Languages: Arabic, French
Capital: Jakarta
Languages: Chinese, Languages: Bahasa
Language: Japanese Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Paper
Mandarin Indonesia, Javanese
Major Export: Machinery Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Machinery Major Export: Crude Oil
Major Import:
Major Import: Machinery Manufactured Goods
Major import:
Manufactured Goods

Kuwait
Area: 6,880 sq mi Malaysia
(17,818 sq km) Area: 127,31 7 sq mi
Jordan Population: 2,300,000 (329,749 sq km)
Cyprus Area: 34,444 sq mi Capital: Kuwait Population: 22,700,000
Iran
Area: 3,571 sq mi (89,210 sq km) Language: Arabic Capital: Kuala Lumpur
Area: 630,575 sq mi
(9,249 sq km) Population: 5,200,000 Major Export: Petroleum Languages: Malay, English,
(1,633,189 sq km)
Population: 900,000 Capital: Amman Major Import: Foods Chinese
Population: 66,100,000
Capital: Nicosia Languages: Arabic Major Export: Electronic
Capital: Tehran
Languages: Creek, Turkish Major Export: Phosphates Equipment
Languages: Persian,
Major Export: Citrus Fruits Major Import: Crude Oil Major Import: Machinery
Kurdish
Major Import:
Major Export: Petroleum
Manufactured Goods
Major Import: Machinery

Kyrgyzstan
Area: 76,641 sq mi
Kazakhstan (198,500 sq km)
Area: 1,049,039 sq mi Population: 5,000,000
Capital: Bishkek
Maldives
(2,716,998 sq km)
Georgia Area: 1 16 sq mi
Population: 15,417,000 Languages: Kirghiz,
Iraq (300 sq km)
Area: 26,91 1 sq mi Capital: Astana Russian (both official)
Area: 169,236 sq mi Population: 300,000
(69,699 sq km) Languages: Kazakh, Major Export: Cotton
(438,321 sq km) Capital: Male
Population: 5,500,000 Russian Major Import: Grain
Population: 23,600,000 Languages: Maldivian
Capital: T'bilisi
Major Export: Petroleum
Capital:Baghdad Divehi, English
Languages: Georgian, Major Import: Machinery
Languages: Arabic, Major Export: Fish
Russian
Kurdish Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Citrus Fruits
Major Export: Crude Oil
Major Import: Fuels
Major Import: Machinery

61
Mongolia
Area: 604,826 sq mi
(1,566,499 sq km)
Population: 2,400,000
[Q
Pakistan
Area: 307,375 sq mi
Singapore
Area: 239 sq mi
Thailand
Area: 198,116 sq mi
Uzbekistan
Area: 1 72,471 sq mi
(446,700 sq km)
Population: 25,100,000
(796,101 sq km) (619 sq km) (51 3,120 sq km)
Capital: Ulaanbaatar Capital: Tashkent
Population: 145,000,000 Population: 4,100,000 Population: 62,400,000
Language: Khalkha Capital:Bangkok Languages: Uzbek,
Capital: Islamabad Capital: Singapore
Mongol Russian, Tajik
Languages: Urdu, English, Languages: Chinese, Languages: Thai, local
Major Export: Copper languages Major Export: Cotton
Punjabi, Sindhi Malay, Tamil, English
Major Import: Fuels Major Export: Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Cotton Major Export: Computer
Major Import: Petroleum Equipment Manufactured Goods
Major Import: Aircraft Major Import: Machinery

Myanmar
Area: 261,228 sq mi Philippines Vietnam
(676,581 sq km) Area: 115,830 sq mi Sri Lanka Area: 128,066 sq mi

Population: 47,800,000 (300,000 sq km) Area: 25,332 sq mi Turkey (331,691 sq km)

Yangon (Rangoon) Population: 77,200,000 (65,610 sq km) Population: 78,700,000
Capital: Area: 299,158 sq mi
Languages: Burmese, Capital: Manila Capital: Hanoi
Population: 19,500,000 (774,819 sq km)
local languages Languages: Tagalog, Capital: Colombo Population: 66,300,000 Languages: Vietnamese,
Major Export: Beans English (both official) Languages: Sinhalese, Capital: Ankara
local languages
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Electronic Tamil, English Languages: Turkish,
Major Export: Crude Oil
Equipment Major Export: Textiles Kurdish
Major Import: Machinery
Major Import: Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Foods and
Raw Materials Livestock
Major Import: Machinery

Qatar Yemen
Area: 4,247 sq mi Area: 203,849 sq mi
Syria
Nepal (1 1,000 sq km) Area: 71,498 sq mi
Turkmenistan (527,969 sq km)
Area: 56,826 sq mi Population: 600,000 Area: 188,456 sq mi Population: 18,000,000
(185,180 sq km)
(147,179 sq km) Capital: Doha (488,101 sq km) Capital: Sanaa
Population: 17,100,000
Population: 23,500,000 Language: Arabic Population: 5,500,000 Language: Arabic
Capital: Damascus
Capital: Kathmandu Major Export: Petroleum Capital: Ashgabat Major Export: Cotton
Languages: Arabic,
Language: Nepali Major Import: Machinery Languages: Turkmen, Major Import: Textiles
Kurdish, Armenian
Major Export: Clothing Russian, Uzbek
Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Petroleum Major Export: Natural Gas
Major Import: Machinery
Products Major Import: Machinery

^*^

Saudi Arabia
Area: 829,996 sq mi Tajikistan
(2,149,690 sq km) Area: 55,251 sq mi
United Arab
Oman Population: 21,100,000 (143,100 sq km)
Emirates
Area: 82,031 sq mi Area: 32,278 sq mi
Capital: Riyadh Population: 6,200,000
(212,460 sq km) (83,600 sq km)
Language: Arabic Capital: Dushanbe
Population: 2,400,000 Population: 3,300,000
Major Export: Petroleum Languages: Tajik, Russian
Capital: Muscat Capital: Abu Dhabi
Major Import: Machinery Major Export: Aluminum
Language: Arabic Languages: Arabic, Persian
Major Import: Fuels
Major Export: Petroleum Major Export: Petroleum
Major Import: Machinery Major Import:
Manufactured Goods

62
 AUSTRALIA
& OCEANIA -Ct

Micronesia Tuvalu
Population: 270 sq mi Area: 10 sq mi
(699 sq km) Papua New Guinea (26 sq km)
Population: 100,000 Area: 178,703 sq mi Population: 10,000
Capital: Palikir (462,841 sq km) Capital: Funafuti

Languages: English, local Population: 5,000,000 Languages: Tuvalu, English

Australia languages Capital: Port Moresby Major Export: Coconut

B
Area: 2,988,888 sq mi Languages: English, local Products
Major Export: Fish
(7,741,220 sq km) languages Major Import: Foods
Major Import: Foods
Population: 19,400,000 Major Export: Gold
Capital: Canberra Major Import: Machinery
Language: English
Major Export: Coal
Major Import: Machinery

Nauru
Area: 9 sq mi Vanuatu
(23 sq km) Samoa Area: 4,707 sq mi
Population: 10,000 Area: 1,097 sq mi (12,191 sq km)
Capital: Yaren (2,841 sq km) Population: 200,000
Fiji Capital: Port-Vila
Languages: Nauruan, Population: 200,000
Area: 7,054 sq mi Languages: English,
English Capital: Apia
(18,270 sq km) French, Bislama
Major Export: Phosphates Languages: Samoan,
Population: 800,000 Major Export: Coconut
Major Import: Foods English
Capital: Suva Products
Major Export: Coconut
Languages: English, Fijian,
Major Import: Machinery
Products
Hindi
Major Import: Foods
Major Export: Sugar
Major Import: Machinery

New Zealand
Area: 104,452 sq mi
(270,531 sq km) Solomon Islands
Population: 3,900,000 Area: 1 1,158 sq mi
Kiribati
Capital: Wellington (28,899 sq km)
Area: 282 sq mi
Language: English Population: 500,000
(730 sq km)
Major Export: Wool Capital: Honiara
Population: 100,000
Major Import: Machinery Languages: English,
Capital: Tarawa
local languages
Languages: English,
Major Export: Cocoa
Gilbertese
Major Import: Machinery
Major Export: Coconut
Products
Major Import: Foods

Palau
Area: 1 78 sq mi
(461 sq km) Tonga
Population: 20,000 Area: 290 sq mi
Capital: Koror (699 sq km)
Marshall islands Languages: English, Population: 100,000
Area: 69 sq mi Capital: Nuku'alofa
Palauan
(179 sq km) Languages: Tongan,
Major Export: Fish
Population: 100,000
Major Import: Machinery English
Capital: Majuro Major Export: Squash
Languages: English, local Major Import: Foods
languages
Major Export: Coconut
Products
Major import: Foods

63
 World Facts & Figures
The Earth Ten Longest Rivers The Oceans

LENGTH Percent of
AREA: 1 96,951 ,900 sq mi (51 0,066,000 sq km)
Earth's
miles kilometers
(Sq mi) (Sq km) Water Area
LAND: 57,313,000 sq ml (148,647,000 sq km)— 29.1% Nile, Africa 4,241 6,825
Pacific 64,190,671 166,241,000 46.0
Amazon, South America 4,000 6,437
WATER: 1 39,638,900 sq mi (361,419,000 sq km)— 70.9% Atlantic 33,422,271 86,557,000 23.9
Yangtze (Chang), Asia 3,964 6,380
Indian 28,352,382 73,427,000 20.3
POPULATION: 6,067,000,000 people Mississippi-Missouri, N.America 3,710 5,971
Arctic 3,662,445 9,485,000 2.6
Yenisey-Angara, Asia 3,440 5,536

Yellow (Huang), Asia 3,395 5,464

The Continents
Ob-lrtysh, Asia 3,361 5,410
Deepest Point In Each Ocean
Percent of Amur, Asia 2,744 4,416
(sq mi) (sq km) Earth's Land feet meters
Lena, Asia 2,734 4,400
Asia 17,213,300 44,579,000 30.0
challenger Deep, 35,827 10,920
Congo, Africa 2,715 4,370
Africa 11,609,000 30,065,000 20.2 Mariana Trench, Pacific

North America 9,449,500 24,474,000 16.5 Puerto Rico Trench, Atlantic 28,232 8,605

South America 6,880,500 17,819,000 12.0 Ten Largest Lal<es Java Trench, Indian 23,376 7,125

Antarctica 5,100,400 13,209,000 8.9 Molloy Deep, Arctic 18,399 5,608

AREA Greatest Depth
Europe 3,837,400 9,938,000 6.7 (Sq mi) (Sq km) (feet) (meters)

Australia 2,968,200 7,687,000 5.2 Caspian Sea, Europe-Asia 143,254 371,000 3,363 1,025
Ten Largest Seas
Superior, N. America 31,701 82,100 1,332 406

Victoria, Africa 26,836 69,500 269 82 AREA Average Depth

Highest Point On Each Continent (Sq mi) (Sq km) (feet) (meters)
Huron, N. America 23,013 59,600 751 229

feet meters Michigan, N. America 22,318 57,800 912 281 South China 1,148,583 2,974,600 4,803 1,464

Everest, Asia 29,035 8,850 Tanganyika, Africa 12,587 32,600 4,823 1,470 Caribbean 971,465 2,515,900 8,448 2,575

Aconcagua, South America 22,834 6,960 Baikal, Asia 12,163 31,500 5,371 1,637 Mediterranean 969,187 2,510,000 4,924 1,501

McKinley (Denali), N. America 20,320 6,194 Great Bear, N. America 1 2,086 31,300 1,463 446 Bering 873,079 2,261,100 4,892 1,491

Kilimanjaro, Africa 19,340 5,895 Aral Sea, Asia 11,854 30,700 167 51 Gulf of Mexico 582,130 1,507,600 5,298 1,615

Elbrus, Europe 18,510 5,642 Malawi, Africa 11,159 28,900 2,280 695 Sea of Okhotsk 537,532 1,392,100 3,192 973

Vinson Massif, Antarctica 16,067 4,897 Seaofjapan 391,111 1,012,900 5,469 1,667

Kosciuszko, Australia 7,310 2,228 Hudson Bay 281,912 730,100 305 93

Ten Largest IslancJs
East China 256,622 664,600 620 189

Andaman 218,125 564,900 3,668 1,118

Lowest Point On Each Continent (Sq mi) (Sq km)

Greenland 840,065 2,175,600

feet meters
New Guinea
Earth's Extremes
306,008 792,500
Dead Sea, Asia -1,349 -411
Borneo 280,137 725,500
Lake Assal, Africa -512 -156
HOTTEST PLACE: Dalol, Denakil Depression,
Madagascar 226,658 587,000
Death Valley, N. America -282 -86 Ethiopia; annual average temperature — 93°F (34°C)
Valdes Peninsula,
Baffin 195,961 507,500
S. America -131 -40 COLDEST PLACE: Plateau Station, Antarctica;

Caspian Sea, Europe

Sumatra 164,993 427,300 annual average temperature 1 34°F (-56.7°C)
-92 -28

Lake Eyre, Australia

Honshu 87,806 227,400 WETTEST PLACE: Mawsynram, Assam, India;
-52 -16

Antarctica (ice covered)

Great Britain 84,215 218,100
annual average rainfall—467 in (1,187.3 cm)
-8,366 -2,550
Victoria 83,906 217,300 DRIEST PLACE: Atacama Desert, Chile;
rainfall barely measurable
Ellesmere 75,759 196,200
HIGHEST WATERFALL: Angel, Venezuela— 3,21 2ft (979 m)

LARGEST DESERT: Sahara, Africa— 3,475,000 sq mi

(9,000,000 sq km)

LARGEST CANYON: Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona;

277 mi (446 km) long along river; 1,801 ft (549 m) to
1 8 mi (29 km) wide, about 1 mi (1 .6 km) deep

LONGEST REEF: Great Barrier Reef, Australia—

1,250 mi (2,01 2 km)

GREATEST TIDES: Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia— 52 ft (16 m)

64
CREDITS

COVER
Mountains: Bill Hatcher, National Geographic
Masai Women: George F. Mobley, National Geographic
Peruvian Cirl: Pablo Corral Vega, National Geographic
Polar Bears: Norbert Rosing, National Geographic
Italian Sunflowers: Richard Nowitz, National Geographic
Clobe: Chad Baker, gettyimages

NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.:Raymond K. Gehman, National Geographic
ArcticCanada: Norbert Rosing, National Geographic
Mexico: Kenneth Garrett, National Geographic
Canada: Richard Nowitz, National Geographic

SOUTH AMERICA
Brazil/Rio de Janeiro: Stephanie Maze, National Geographic
Brazil/Tamarin: Timothy G. Laman, National Geographic
Peru: Pablo Corral Vega, National Geographic
Chile: Gordon W/iltsie, National Geographic

EUROPE
Italy: Richard Nowitz, National Geographic
Russia: Steve Raymer, National Geographic
Croatia:James L. Stanfield, National Geographic
United Kingdom: Medford Taylor, National Geographic

AFRICA
Kenya/Elephant: George F. Mobley, National Geographic
Central African Republic: )amesP. Blair, National Geographic

Egypt:James L. Stanfield, National Geographic

Kenya/Masai Women: George F. Mobley, National Geographic

ASIA
Laos: Paul Chesley, National Geographic
China: Jodi Cobb, National Geographic
Pakistan: Bill Hatcher, National Geographic
India: Marilyn M. Gibbons, National Geographic

AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA

Australia/Sydney: Medford Taylor, National Geographic
Palmyra Randy Olson, National Geographic
Island:
Fiji Islands: James L. Stanfield, National Geographic

Australia/Kangaroo: Timothy G. Laman, National Geographic

ANTARCTICA:
Craham Land: Bill Curtsinger, National Geographic
Ross Ice Shelf: Bill Curtsinger, National Geographic
South Pole: GeorgeF. Mobley, National Geographic

Penguin: George R Mobley, National Geographic

Charts and Graphs: Stuart Armstrong

 :^P*?T

ISBN D-OE-mTbES-D
99701

Wdw'UiW
Mcdrair I lill ( .tvri;«7>>f<'s