QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT: B.E-MECHANICAL (PART TIME)

SEMESTER: III
TITLE OF THE PAPER: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
SUBJECT CODE: 15PCBME33

SECTION – A (2 MARKS)
UNIT I
1. Write the three dimensional heat transfer Poisson and Laplace equations in Cartesian
coordinates.
2. State Fourier’s law of heat conduction.
3. State Newton’s law of cooling.
4. Discuss the mechanism of heat conduction in solids.
5. A temperature difference of 5000C is applied across a fire clay brick. 10 cm thick is
having a thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/mK. Find the heat transfer rate per unit area.
6. Write the general 3-D heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates.
7. Define fin efficiency and fin effectiveness.
8. Define heat transfer.
9. What are the modes of heat transfer?
10. What is critical thickness of insulation?

UNIT II
11. What is the physical meaning of Fourier number?
12. Define Prandtl Number and Reynolds number.
13. What is Laminar and Turbulent flow?
14. Define the Biot and Fourier numbers.
15. What is forced convection?
16. What is the significance of Dimensional number?
17. Define newtonion and non-newtonion fluids.
18. What are the dimensional parameters used in forced convection?
19. Define boundary layer thickness?
20. Define displacement thickness.
 UNIT III
21. What is meant by Filmwise condensation?
22. Define Dropwise condensation?
23. What is pool boiling?
24. Give the application of boiling and condensation
25. What is meant by parallel flow heat exchanger?
26. Define counter flow heat exchanger?
27. What is meant by LMTD?
28. What is effectiveness of a heat exchange?
29. Give the expression for NTU?
30. What is compact heat exchanger? Give examples.

UNIT IV
31. What is meant by absorptivity and reflectivity?
32. State Plank's distribution law and Stefan-Boltzman law.
33. What do you understand by block body and gray body?
34. State Wien’s displacement law and Kirchoff’s law.
35. What is meant by transmissivity?
36. Define emissivity.
37. What is the purpose of radiation shield?
38. Define irradiation.
39. Define intensity of radiation.
40. What is meant by shape factor and mention its physical significance.

UNIT V
41. What is mass transfer?
42. Give the examples of mass transfer.
43. What do you undestand by steady state molecular diffusion?
44. What are the modes of mass transfer?
45. Define eddy diffusion?
46. What is convective mass transfer?
47. State Fick’s law of diffusion.
48. What is the physical meaning of Schmidt number
49. Define Scherwood number.
50. Give two examples of convective mass transfer.
 SECTION – B (16 MARKS)
UNIT I
51. A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10cm thickness is made of fire
brick (k = 1.04 W/mK). The intermediate layer of 25cm thickness is made of masonry
brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a 5cm thick concrete wall (k = 1.37 W/mk). When
the furnace is in continuous operation the inner surface of the furnace is at 800 0C while
the outer concrete is at 500C. calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the
temperature at the interface of the firebrick and masonry brick and the temperature at the
interface of the masonry brick and concrete.

52. A steel tube with 5cm ID, 7.6cm OD and k = 15 W/m 0C is covered with an insulative
covering of thickness 2cm and k = 0.2 W/m 0C. A hot gas at 3300C with h = 400 W/m2 0C
flows inside the tube. The outer surface of the insulation is exposed to cooler air at 30 0C
with h = 60 W/m2 0C. Calculate the heat loss from the tube to the air for 10m of the tube
and the temperature drops resulting from the thermal resistances of the hot gas flow, the
steel tube, the insulation layer and the outside air.

53. A steam pipe 10cm inner diameter 11cm outer diameter is covered with an insulating
substance (k = 1 W/mK). The steam temperature and the ambient temperatures are 200 0C
and 200C repectively. If the convective heat transfer co-efficient between the insulating
surface and air is 8 W/m2K. Find the critical radius of insulation and the heat lost per
metre of pipe for the value of rc. And also find the outer surface temperature.

54. An aluminium rod (k = 204 W/mK) 2cm in diameter and 20cm long protrudes from a
wall which is maintained at 3000C. The end of the rod is insulated and the surface of the
rod is exposed to air at 30 0C. The heat transfer co-efficient between the rod surface and
air is 10 W/m2K. Calculate the heat lost by the rod and the temperature of the rod at a
distance of 10 cm from the wall.
55. A cylinder 1m long and 5cm in diameter is placed in an atmosphere at 450C. It is
provided with 10 longitudinal straight fins of material having k = 120 W/mK. The height
of 0.76mm thick fins is 1.27cm from the cylinder surface. The heat transfer co-efficient
between cylinder and atmosphere air is 17 W/m2K. Calculate the rate of heat transfer and
the temperature at the end of the fins is surface temperature of cylinder is 1500C.

UNIT II
56. Air at 200C, at a pressure of 1 bar is flowing over a flat plate at a velocity of 3m/s. If the
plate is maintained at 60 0C, calculate the heat transfer per unit width of the plate.
Assuming the length of the plate along the flow of air is 2m.
57. Air at atmospheric pressure and 2000C flows over a plate with a velocity of 5m/s. The
plate is 15mm wide and is maintained at a temperature of 120 0C. Calculate the thickness
of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers and the local heat transfer coefficient at a
distance of 0.5m from the leading edge. Assume that the flow is on one side of the plate.
58. Air at 250C flows over 1m x 3m (3m long) horizontal plate maintained at 200 0C at 10m/s.
Calculate the average heat transfer coefficients for both laminar and turbulent regions.
Take Re (critical) = 3.5x105.
59. Air at 400C flows over a tube with a velocity of 30m/s. The tube surface temperature is
1200C; calculate the heat transfer coefficient for the following cases. (i)Tube could be
square with a side of 6cm. (ii) Tube is circular cylinder of diameter 6cm.
60. A system for heating water from an inlet temperature of 20 0C to an outlet temperature of
400C involves passing the water through a 2.5cm diameter steel pipe. The pipe surface
temperature is maintained at 1100C by condensing steam on its surface. For a water mass
flow rate of 0.5 kg/min, find the length of the tube desired.

UNIT III
61. An aluminium pan of 15cm diameter is used to boil water and the water depth at the time
of boiling is 2.5cm. The pan is placed on an electric stove and the heating element raises
the temperature of the pan to 1100C. Calculate the power input for boiling and the rate of
evaporation. Take Csf = 0.0132.

62. It is desired to boil water at atmospheric pressure on a copper surface which is

electrically heated. Estimate the heat flux from the surface to the water, if the surface is
maintained at 1100C and also the peak heat flux.

63. Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.45 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube
of height 1m. The tube surface temperature is kept at 117 0C. Estimate the thickness of the
condensate film.

64. It is desired to use double pipe counter flow heat exchanger to cool 3 kg/s of oil (C p = 2.1
kJ/kg K) from 1200C. Cooling water at 200C enters the heat exchanger at a rate of 10
kg/s. The overall heat transfer co-efficient of the heat exchanger is 600 W/m 2K and the
heat transfer area is 6m2. Calculate the exit temperature of oil and water.

65. A parallel flow heat exchanger has hot and cold water stream running through it, the flow
rates are 10 and 25 kg/min respectively. Inlet temperatures are 75 0C and 250C on hot and
cold sides. The exit temperature on the hot side should not exceed 50 0C. Assume hi = ho =
600 W/m2K. Calculate the area of heat exchanger using € - NTU approach.

UNIT IV
66. Calculate the net radiant heat exchange per m 2 area for two large parallel plates at
temperature of 427ºC and 27ºC respectively. ε(Hot plate) = 0.9 and ε(Cold plate) = 0.6. If a
polished aluminium shield is placed between them, find the percentage of reduction in the
heat transfer. ε(shield) = 0.4.
67. Two very large parallel plates with emissivities 0.5 exchange heat. Determine the
percentage reduction in the heat transfer rate if a polished aluminium shield of ε = 0.04 is
placed in between the plates.

68. Determine view factor F1-2 and F2-1 for the figure shown below.

69. Two circular discs of diameter 20cm each are placed 2m apart. Calculate the radiant heat
exchange for these discs if there are maintained at 800ºC and 300ºC respectively and the
corresponding emissivities are 0.3 and 0.5.

70. Two black discs of diameter 0.5m are placed directly opposite at a distance of 1m. The
discs are maintained at 1000K and 500K respectively. Calculate the heat flow between
the discs. (i)When no other surfaces are present, (ii)When the discs are connected by non
conducting surface.

UNIT V
71. A mixture of O2 and N2 with their partial pressures in the ratio 0.21 to 0.79 is in a
container at 25ºC. Calculate the molar concentration, the mass density, and the mass
fraction of each species for a total pressure of 1 bar. What would be the average
molecular weight of the mixture?

72. The molecular weights of the two components A and B of a gas mixture are 24 and 28
respectively. The molecular weight of a gas mixture is found to be 30. If the mass
concentration of the mixture is 1.2 kg/m 3, determine the following: (i) density of
component A and B, (ii) molar fractions, (iii) mass fractions, (iv) total pressure if the
temperature of the mixture is 290K.

73. An open pan 20cm in diameter and 8cm deep contains water at 25ºC and is exposed to
dry atmospheric air. If the rate of diffusion of water vapor is 8.54x10 -4 kg/h, estimate the
diffusion co-efficient of water in air.

74. Dry air at 20ºC (ρ = 1.2kg/m 3,  = 15x10-6 m2/s, D = 4.2x10-5 m2/s) flows over a flat plate
of length 50cm which is covered with a thin layer of water at a velocity of 1m/s. Estimate
the local mass transfer co-efficient at a distance of 10cm from the leading edge and the
average mass transfer co-efficient.
75. Air at 30ºC and atmospheric pressure flows in a 12mm diameter tube of 1m length with a
velocity of 2.5m/s. The inside surface of the tube contains a deposit of naphthalene.
Determine the average mass transfer co-efficient. Take diffusion co-efficient, D ab =
0.62x10-5 m2/s.