MATHEMATICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE–8

Chapter 12 : Understanding Quadrilaterals ANSWER KEYS

EXERCISE 12.1 We know that, each exterior angle of n-sided

regular polygon
1.  Each exterior angle of n-sided regular polygon

360   360 
=  
= 
 n 

 n 
(i) Each exterior angle of 10-sided regular polygon 
 360 
   = 72°
 n 
360 
=   ( n = 10)
 10  360
 n= =5
= 36° 72
(ii) Each exterior angle of 12-sided regular polygon Hence, the regular polygon has 5 sides, i.e., it is
a pentagon.
360 
=   ( n = 12) (iii) Measure of each interior angle = 160°
 12   Measure of each exterior angle = (180° – 160°)
= 30° = 20°
(iii) Each exterior angle of 15-sided regular polygon We know that, each exterior angle of n-sided
regular polygon
360 
=   ( n = 15) 
 15   360 
=  
= 24°  n 
2. (i) Measure of each interior angle = 156° 
 360 
 Measure of each exterior angle    = 20°
 n 
= (180° – 156°)
360
(Linear pair of angles)  n= = 18
20
= 24°
Hence, the regular polygon has 18 sides.
We know that, each exterior angle of n-sided
regular polygon 3. (i)

 90°
 360 
=  
 n  x

 360 
   = 24°
 n 
360 100°
 n= = 15
24 110°
Hence, the regular polygon has 15 sides.
 Sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is
(ii) Measure of each interior angle = 108°
360°.
 Measure of each exterior angle
 110° + 100° + 90° + x = 360°
= (180° – 108°)
 300° + x = 360°
(Linear pair of angles)
 x = 360° – 300°
= 72°
 x = 60

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 1

 (ii)  x + x + x + x = 360°
 4x = 360°
90°
50° 360
 x=
4
 x = 90°
x Hence, measure of each interior angle of the given
90°
quadrilateral is 90°.
50° 6. Let the fourth angle of the quadrilateral be x.
 Sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
 Sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is
360°.  120° + 60° + 50° + x = 360°
 90° + x + 50° + 90° + 50° = 360°  x = 360° – 230°
 280° + x = 360°  x = 130°
 x = 360° – 280° Hence, fourth angle of the quadrilateral is 130°.

x = 80 7. Let the other two equal angles of the quadrilateral be x.


 Sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral
(iii) The given figure has 4 sides. = 360°
 80° + 80° + x + x = 360°
 160° + 2x = 360°
90°
 2x = 360° – 160°
x
 2x = 200°

90° 200
50°  x=
2
 x = 100°
 Sum of all interior angles = (2n – 4) right angles
Hence, each of two equal angles of the quadrilateral
= (2 × 4 – 4) right angles is 100°.
= 4 × 90° 8. We have, measure of each exterior angle of n-sided
= 360°
360 
 90° + 50° + 90° + x = 360° regular polygon =  
 x = 360° – 230°  n 
 Measure of each exterior angle of 5-sided
 x = 130°
360 
4. The number of sides of a regular hexagon, n = 6. regular polygon (pentagon) =   ( n = 5)
 5 
We have, each exterior angle of n-sided regular polygon
= 72°
360 
=    Measure of each interior angle of 5-sided regular
 n  polygon (pentagon) = (180° – exterior angle)
 Each exterior angle of 6-sided regular polygon
= 180° – 72° = 108° …(i)

 360  Now, measure of each exterior angle of 10-sided
(hexagon) =   ( n = 6)
 6 
360 
= 60° regular polygon (decagon) =   ( n = 10)
 10 
 Each interior angle of regular hexagon
= 36° …(ii)
= (180° – exterior angle)
= 180° – 60° Thus, from (i) and (ii)
= 120° Measure of each interior angle of 5-sided regular polygon
Hence, each interior angle of regular hexagon is 120°. = 180°
5. Let all four interior angles of a quadrilateral be x. = 3 × 36°
 Sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral = 3 × (Measure of each exterior angle of
= 360° a regular decagon) Proved

2 Answer Keys
 9. Let all four angles of a quadrilateral be x, 2x, 3x and In AOB,
4x, where x is the constant of proportionality. OAB + OBA + AOB = 180° (Angle sum properly)
 Sum of all angles of quadrilateral = 360° 1 1
 A + B + AOB = 180°
 x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 360° 2 2
 10x = 360° 1
 (A + B) + AOB = 180°
360 2
 x= = 36° 1
10  AOB =180° – (A + B) …(i)
Hence, all four angles of the quadrilateral are 2
 Sum of all angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
36°, 72°, 108° and 144°.
A + B + C + D = 360°
10. Given that
 A + B = 360° – (C + D)
A : B : C : D = 1 : 2 : 4 : 5
 A = x, B = 2x, C = 4x, D = 5x 1 1
 (A + B) = 180° – (C + D) ...(ii)
2 2
(where x is the constant of proportionality)
From (i) and (ii), we get
 Sum of all angles of quadrilateral = 360°
 A + B + C + D = 360°  1 
AOB = 180° – 180  ( C   D )
 2 
 x + 2x + 4x + 5x = 360°
 12x = 360° 1
 AOB = 180° – 180° + (C + D)
2
360 1
 x=  AOB = (C + D) Hence proved.
12 2
 x = 30° 13. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon.
Hence, A = 30° Join AE and BE.
B = 2 × 30° = 60° Join BD.
C = 4 × 30° = 120° D
E
D = 5 × 30° = 150°
11. Let the exterior and interior angles of the regular
F C
polygon be x and 5x.
Now, x + 5x = 180° (Linear pair)
 6x = 180°
G A B
 x = 30° Produce BA to G.
 Exterior angle of regular polygon = 30°. Now, ED = AB also ED  AB
But each exterior angle of n-sided regular polygon  ABDE is a rectangle EAB = 90°.
 360   Each exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides
= 
 n   360  
= 
 360    n 
  n  = 30°  360  
Exterior angle of a regular hexagon = 
360  6 
 n= = 12
30 = 60°
Hence, the regular polygon has 12 sides. FAG = 60°
12. In the given quadrilateral ABCD, OA and OB are the Now, BE  AF and BG is a transversal.
bisectors of A and B respectively, i.e., OAD =
 ABE = GAF = 60°
1 1
OAB = A and OBC = OBA = B. Now, in ABE,
2 2
EAB + ABE + BEA = 180°
D
 90° + 60° + BEA = 180°
O C
 BEA = 180° – 150°
 BEA = 30°
Thus, in ABE,
A B A = 90°, B = 60°, E = 30°.

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 3

14. Sum of the interior angles of n-sided regular polygon PQR = (180° – ext.Q)
= (n – 2) × 180° (linear pair)
Sum of the interior angles of regular pentagon  PQR = (180° – 80°)
= (5 – 2) × 180°  PQR = 100°
= 3 × 180° = 540°  Opposite angles are equal in a parallelogram.
 (x – 5)° + (x – 6)° + (2x – 7)° + x° + (2x – 2)° = 540°  PSR = PQR = 100°
 7x° – 20° = 540°  x = 100°
 7x° = 540° + 20°
In parallelogram PQRS, PS  QR,
 7x° = 560°
 PRQ = RPS (Alternate angles)
560
 x° =  y = 60°
7
 x = 80 Now, in PQR,
Hence, the value of x is 80. RPQ + PQR + QRP = 180°
(Anlges sum property)
EXERCISE 12.2
 z + 100° + 60° = 180°
1. OP = 2.5 cm, OQ = 3.6 cm  z = 180° – 160°
 Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
 z = 20°
Therefore,
OP = OR = 2.5 cm Hence, x = 100°, y = 60°, z = 20°.
and OQ = OS = 3.6 cm (ii) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal.

P D C
S y
O x

Q R
40° 110°
2. In parallelogram PQRS, OS = 5 cm. z
A B
S R  D = B
5c 110° = x
m O
 x = 110° ( B = 110°)
In ADC,
P Q
CAD + ADC + DCA = 180°
 Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (Angles sum property)
Therefore,  40° + x + y = 180°
QS = 2OS = 2 × 5 cm = 10 cm
 40° + 110° + y = 180° ( x = 110°)
 PR = QS + 6 cm (given)  y = 180° – 150° = 30°
 PR = 10 cm + 6 cm = 16 cm
 y = 30°
1 1
OP = PR = × 16 cm = 8 cm
2 2 In parallelogram ABCD, AB  CD,
3. (i) Then, y=z (Alternate angles)
S R z = 30° ( y = 30°)
x y
Hence, x = 110°, y = 30° and z = 30°

60° 80°
z
P Q

4 Answer Keys
 (iii) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal. In parallelogram PQRS, Q = S
( Opposite angles)
z  z = 110°
P O
y
Now, R + S = 180° (Adjacent angles)
 y + 110° = 180°
x  y = 180° – 110°
70°
M N  y = 70°
MPO = MNO And P = R

 y = 70° ( MNO = 70°) (Opposite angles are equal)

 x =y ( y = 70°)
 PM  ON,
 MPO + PON = 180°  x = 70°
( Sum of the adjacent angles of a Hence, x = 70°, y = 70°, z = 110° and w = 70°.
parallelogram is 180°) 6. Let ABCD be a parallelogram and AB and BC be its
 70° + PON = 180° longer and shorter sides respectively.
 PON = 180° – 70° = 110° Shorter side of parallelogram ABCD
 PON = 110° AD = BC = 3.6 cm
Now, ext.O = (180° – PON) Longer side of parallelogram ABCD
(Linear pair of angles) 1
 z = 180° – 110° AB = CD =  3.6   3.6 
 2 
 z = 70° = 3.6 + 1.8 = 5.4 cm
In parallelogram PMNO, Perimeter of parallelogram = AB + BC + CD + DA
PMN = PON (Opposite angles) = (5.4 + 3.6 + 5.4 + 3.6) cm
= 18 cm
x = 110° ( PON = 110°)
7. Let the adjacent sides of a parallelogram be 3x and
Hence, x = 110°, y = 70° and z = 70°. 5x.
4. Let the adjacent angles of a parallelogram be 2x and Perimeter of parallelogram = sum of all sides = 80 cm
3x.  3x + 5x + 3x + 5x = 80 cm
 Sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram is 180°.  16x = 80 cm
 2x + 3x = 180° 80
 5x = 180°  x= cm = 5 cm
16
180 Hence, sides of parallelogram are 3 × 5 cm = 15 cm
 x=
5 and 5 × 5 cm = 25 cm.
 x = 36° 8. In parallelogram ABCD, opposite angles are equal.

Thus, the adjacent angles of a parallelogram are D C

2 × 36° = 72° and 3 × 36° = 108°.
5. ext.S = (180° – S) (linear pair)
Q R
z y 135°
A B
x 110°
P S
w  B = D
 D = 135° ( B = 135°)
 w = (180° – 110°) ( S = 110°)  In parallelogram ABCD, AB  CD. Therefore,
A + D = 180° (Adjacent angles)
 w = 70°

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 5

  ÐA + 135° = 180° 11. In parallelogram ABCD, AB  CD, Therefore
 A = 180° – 135° D C
 A = 45° 65°
Now, C = A = 45° (Opposite angles)
Hence, A = 45°, C = 45° and D = 135°. E F
z x y
9. (i)  In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal.
Therefore, A G B

D 25 C B + C = 180° (Adjacent angles)

 y + 65° = 180°
3x  y = 180° – 65° = 115°
18
 y = 115°
A 4y – 3 B  In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
Then,
AB = CD and AD = BC B = D
 4y – 3 = 25 and 3x = 18  D = 115° ( B = y = 115°)
18 And z = D = 115°
 4y = 25 + 3 and x =
3 (Corresponding angles)
 4y = 28 and x = 6
z = 115°
 y =7 and x = 6
Hence, x =6 and y = 7. ( AB  CD and EF  AG  AB  CD  EF)
(ii) Since, in a parallelogram diagonals bisect each Similarly, AD  BC and AE  FG i.e., AD  FG  BC.
other. Therefore,  x = C (Corresponding angles)
S R x = 65
x– 
y 5
Hence, x = 65°, y = 115° and z = 115°.
x–7 10 12.  Opposite sides are equal in a parallelogram.
P Q P

In parallelogram PQRS,
x–7=5 8 cm
S T
 x =5+ 7
 x = 12
and x – y = 10 Q R
W
 12 – y = 10 ( x = 12)
In parallelogram QSTW,
 y = 12 – 10
ST = QW (Opposite sides)
 y =2
 QW = 8 cm ( ST = 8 cm)
Hence, x = 12 and y = 2.
In parallelogram STRW,
10. Since, in a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
ST = WR (Opposite sides)
Therefore,
(5x – 2)° = (40 – x)°  WR = 8 cm ( ST = 8 cm)
Hence, QW = WR = 8 cm.
5x – 2 = 40 – x
 5x + x = 40 + 2 13. In parallelogram RISK,
K = I (Opposite angles)
 6x = 42
 I = 120° ( K = 120°)
42
 x=
6
x =7
Hence, the value of x is 7.

6 Answer Keys
 K E S U EXERCISE 12.3
120° O 1.  In a rhombus, all sides are equal. Then

x D C
70°
R I C L
In parallelogram CLUE,
C + L = 180° (Adjacent angles)
 C = 180° – 70° ( L = 70°)
 C = 110° 55°
Let CE and IS be intersect at O. A B
Now, in triangle OIC,
AB = BC = CD = DA.
IOC + OIC + OCI = 180°
In ABC, AB = BC
x + interior I + interior C = 180°
 BAC = ACB = 55° ( BAC = 55°)
x + (180° – ext. I) + (180° – ext. C) = 180°
And BAC + ACB + CBA = 180°
x + (180° – 120°) + (180° – 110°) = 180°
 55° + 55° + CBA = 180°
x + 60° + 70° = 180°
 CBA = 180° – 110°
x = 180° – 130°
 CBA = 70°
x = 50°
 The opposite angles of a rhombus are equal.
Hence, the value of x is 50°. Therefore,
14. Let ABCD be a kite in which AB = AD and BC = CD. ADC = CBA = 70°
A  ADC = 70°
2.  The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
Therefore, in figure,
OA = OC and OB = OD
D B  x = 5 cm and y = 12 cm

C
z
5
12 y
B D
C O
x
We join B to D.
In ABD, A
AB = AD
 ADB = ABD ...(i) In COD, O = 90°. Therefore, By Pythagoras
theorem,
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)
CD2 = OC2 + OD2
In BCD,
BC = CD = (5)2 + (12)2
 CDB = CBD ...(ii) = (25 + 144) cm2
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal) = 169 cm2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  CD = 169 cm = 13 cm
ADB + CDB = ABD + CBD Thus, z = 13 cm
ADC = ABC Hence, x = 5 cm, y = 12 cm and z = 13 cm.
Angles between unequal sides are equal in a kite. 3. Since, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other
at right angles.
1 1
 OB = OD = BD = × 16 cm = 8 cm
2 2
Also, AB = BC = CD = DA = 10 cm

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 7

 A D Draw a diagonal BD.

m D
8c C

10 cm O
m
8c

B C
 In right BOC, right angled at O.
 BC2 = OC2 + OB2 (By Pythagoras theorem) A B
 (10 cm)2 = (OC)2 + (8 cm)2 E
 (OC)2 = (100 – 64) cm2  Altitude DE bisects AB at E. Therefore, ADB is
 OC2 = 36 cm2 an isosceles triangle.
 AD = BD
 OC = 36 cm = 6 cm
but AB = AD
Length of diagonal AC = 2 × OC
( All sides of a rhombus are equal)
= 2 × 6 cm
Therefore, AD = AB = BD
= 12 cm
 ADB is an equilateral triangle.
Hence, length of the other diagonal AC is 12 cm.
i.e. DAB = ABD = ADB = 60°.
4. Let ABCD be a rhombus whose digonals intersect at O.
 Diagonal of rhombus bisects the angle through
Since, diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at which it passes.
right angles. Then, in rhombus ABCD,
 ADC = 2 × ADB = 2 × 60° = 120°
1 1
OA = OC = AC = × 16 cm = 8 cm Thus,
2 2
DAB = DCB and ABC = ADC
1 1 ( Opposite angles are equal)
And, OB = OD = BD = × 12 cm = 6 cm
2 2
 A = C = 60° and B = D = 120°.
D C
6
cm
EXERCISE 12.4
m
8c 1. Extend BO to D such that BO = OD and join A to D
O and C to D. Then
m 6 A
cm D
8c

A B
In right angle AOB, O
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 (By Pythagoras theorem)
= (8 cm)2 + (6 cm)2 B C
= (64 + 36) cm2 Now, AB  CD, AD  BC
= 100 cm2 Also, AB = CD, AD = BC
Thus, ABCD is a rectangle as opposite sides are
 AB = 100 cm = 10 cm parallel and equal and angle between adjacent sides
Hence, length of each side of the rhombus is 10 cm. is 90°.
5. In rhombus ABCD, AB = BC = CD = DA = x (let) AC and BD are the diagonals of rectangle ABCD.
Since, altitude from D, bisects AB at E  The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other,
1 1 i.e.
AE = EB = AB = x
2 2 OA = OB = OC = OD
Hence, O is equidistant from A, B and C.

8 Answer Keys
2. Since, diagonals of a rectangle are of equal length 4.  ABCD is a rectangle.
and bisect each other.  AB = CD and AD = BC.
K I
D C

S N
Therefore, in rectangle SKIN, A B
KN = SI
In ACB and CAD,
 2OK = 2OS
AC is common.
( KN = 2 × OK and SI = 2 × OS)
CB = AD (given)
 OK = OS
BA = DC (given)
 5x + 2 = 3x + 8
Hence, ACB  CAD (By SSS congruence rule)
 5x – 3x = 8 – 2
 2x = 6 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
6 1.  The sum of the adjacent angles of a parallelogram
 x= =3
2 is 180°. Then
Hence, the value of x is 3. (3x + 20)° + (2x + 10)° = 180°
3. Since, the diagonals of a rectangle are of equal length  5x + 30 = 180
and bisect each other.
 5x = 180 – 30
D C  5x = 150
150
 x=
= 30
5
Hence, option (b) is correct.
52°
O 2. Let ABCD be a rhombus whose diagonals intersect
at O.
Since, diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at
A B right angle.
OA = OC = OB = OD AC = 24 cm, BD = 10 cm
AOD = BOC = 52° D C
(Vertically opposite angles) 5
cm c m
In AOD, 12
 OA = OD O
 ODA = OAD = x (let) cm 5
12 cm
And, ODA + OAD + AOD = 180°
 x + x + 52° = 180°
A B
 2x = 180° – 52°
 2x = 128°  OA = OC
128 1 1 
 x= = 64° = AC =  × 24 cm
2 2 2 
Hence, ODA = 64°.
= 12 cm
1 1 
and OB = OD = BD =  × 10 cm
2 2 
= 5 cm
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 9
 In AOB, by Pythagoras theorem, 5. Let the adjacent angles of a parallelogram be 4x and
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 5x. Then
= (12)2 + (5)2 4x + 5x = 180°
= 144 + 25 = 169 ( Sum of the adjacent angles of a parallelogram is 180°)
AB = 169 = 13  9x = 180°
 AB = 13 cm 180
 x= = 20°
Hence, option (a) is correct. 9
3. Let the length and the breadth of a rectangle ABCD Thus, smallest angle = 4 × 20° = 80°
be 4x and 3x. Hence, option (c) is correct.
In right angled ABC, B = 90°. 6.  Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
AB = 4x, BC = 3x
 (2x – 3)° = (45 – x)°
D C
 2x + x = 45 + 3
 3x = 48

c m 48
10 3x  x=
3
 x = 16
Hence, option (a) is correct.
A B
4x 7. Let ABCD be the rectangle.
2
AC = AB + BC 2 2 In a rectangle ABCD, AB = 12 cm, AD = 5 cm
(By Pythagoras theorem) In right angled ADB, A = 90°
 (10) = (4x) + (3x)2
2 2
D C
 100 = 16x2 + 9x2
 25x2 = 100
100
5 cm

 x2 = =4
25
 x= 4 =2
Thus,
Length = 4x = 4 × 2 = 8 cm A B
12 cm
Breadth = 3x = 3 × 2 = 6 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth) By Pythagoras theorem,
= 2 × (8 + 6) cm BD2 = AB2 + AD2
= (2 × 14) cm = 28 cm = (12 cm)2 + (5 cm)2
Hence, option (d) is correct. = (144 + 25) cm2 = 169 cm2
4. In a quadrilateral ABCD,  BD = 13 cm
A : B : C : D = 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 Hence, option (c) is correct.
i.e., A = x, B = 2x, C = 3x, D = 4x (let) 8. Since, the diagonals of a rectangle are of equal
where x is the constant of proportionality. length.
 Sum of all angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.  4x + 1 = 2x + 15
 A + B + C + D = 360°  4x – 2x = 15 – 1
 x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 360°  2x = 14
 10x = 360° 14
 x= =7
360 2
 x== 36°
10 Hence, option (b) is correct.
Thus, the smallest angle A = x = 36°.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

10 Answer Keys
 MENTAL MATHS CORNER  SP  QR,
R + Q = 180° (Adjacent angles)
1. A trapezium can be equiangular, if it is a rectangle.
 Q = 180° – 70° = 110°
Let each angle be x
And, S = Q = 110° (Opposite angles)
 x + x + x + x = 360°
Thus, P = R = 70°, S = Q = 110°
4x = 360°
9. The quadrilaterals whose diagonals are perpendicular
x = 90°
bisectors of each other are rhombus and square.
2. In the given figure: AB  DC, then C = 60°.
10. ABCD is a rhombus, where AC = 8 cm and BD = 6 cm,
D C then each side of the rhombus is 5 cm.

4 cm
120°
A B
 In the given figure, D
O
B
3 cm 3 cm
AB  DC

4 cm
 B + C = 180° (Sum of interior angles)
 C = 180° – 120° ( B = 120°)
 C = 60°
3. If two adjacent angles of a parallelogram have equal C
measures, then each of the angles of the Since, diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at
parallelogram is 90°. right angles.
4. The quadrilaterals that have four sides equal in 1 1
length are rhombus and square.  OA = OC = AC =  8 cm = 4 cm
2 2
5. The quadrilaterals which have four right angles are
rectangle and square. 1 1
OB = OD = BD =  6 cm = 3 cm
2 2
6. The quadrilaterals whose diagonals bisect each other
are parallelogram, rhombus, square and rectangle. In AOB, O = 90°
7. If one of the diagonals of a rhombus is equal to one AB2 = OA2 + OB2
of its sides, then the angles of the rhombus are 60°, (By Pythagoras theorem)
120°, 60° and 120°.  AB2 = (4 cm)2 + (3 cm)2
8. An exterior angle of a parallelogram is 110°, then its  AB2 = (16 + 9) cm2
angles are 70°, 110°, 70°, 110°.
 AB2 = 25 cm2
In parallelogram PQRS,
 AB = 25 cm = 5 cm
S R
Thus, AB = BC = CD = DA = 5 cm
11. The measure of two angles of a quadrilateral are
125° and 35°, and the other two angles are equal,
then the measure of each of the equal angles is 100°.
 Let the two equal angles be x.
110°
Q Then, sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
P G
 125° + 35° + x + x = 360°
ext.P + Interior P = 180°  2x = 360° – 160° = 200°
Interior P = 180° – ext. P 200
Interior P = 180° – 110° = 70°  x=
2
i.e., P = 70°
x = 100°
 P = R = 70° (Opposite angles)

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 11

12. A quadrilateral has three ac ute angles each 2. Let the fourth angle of the quadrilateral be x.
measuring 70°. Then the fourth angle is 150°.  Sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
Let the fourth angle be x then, 100° + 60° + 80° + x = 360°
70° + 70° + 70° + x = 360°  x = 360° – 240°
 x = 360° – 210°  x = 120°
 x = 150° Hence, fourth angle of the quadrilateral is 120°.
Thus, fourth angle of the quadrilateral is 150°. 3. Let the three equal angles of the quadrilateral be x.
Therefore,
REVIEW EXERCISE x + x + x + 120° = 360°
1. In quadrilateral PQRS, OP and OQ are the bisectors  3x = 360° – 120°
of P and Q. i.e. 3x = 240°
1 240
OPQ = OPS = P x= = 80°
2 3
1 Hence, the measure of each of three equal angles of
and OQP = OQR = Q
2 the quadrilateral is 80°.
4. (i) In the parallelogram PQRS, diagonals PR and
S R QS are perpendicular to each other.

O S
y
x 40°
P R
P Q
z
In POQ,
POQ + PQ + OQP = 180° Q
(Angle sum properly)  x = 90°.
1 1 In SOR,
 POQ  P  Q = 180°
2 2  x + y + 40° = 180°
1 (Angle sum property)
 POQ = 180  ( P  Q)
2  90° + y + 40° = 180°
…(i)
 y = 180° – 130°
 Sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
 y = 50°
P + Q + R + S = 360°
In quadrilateral PQRS, PQ  RS and SQ is a
P + Q = 360° – (R + S) transversal.
1 1 So, z=y (Alternate angles)
 (P + Q) = 180° – (R + S) ...(ii)
2 2 z = 50° ( y = 50°)
1 Hence, x = 90°, y = 50° and z = 50°.
Putting the value of (P + Q) in (i), we get
2 (ii) We have, PQRS is a parallelogram,
 1  Since, opposite angles of a parallelogram are
POQ = 180° – 180 (  R  S) 
 2  equal.
1 S R
 POQ = 180° – 180° + (R + S) x
2
1
 POQ = (R + S)
2
110° z
1 P Q
Hence, POQ = (R + S) Proved y
2

12 Answer Keys
  P = R 6. (i) Since, diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
 110° = x other.
 x = 110° Q R
In parallelogram PQRS, PS RQ, then x–
y 15
P + Q = 180° (Adjacent angles)
y–6 8
 110° + z = 180°
 z = 180° – 110° P S
 z = 70°
 x – y = 8 and y – 6 = 15
Now, y + z = 180°
Now, y – 6 = 15
(Linear pair of angles)
 y = 15 + 6 = 21
 y = 180° – 70°
 x–y=8
 y = 110°
 x – 21 = 8
Hence, x = 110°, y = 110° and z = 70°.
 x = 21 + 8 = 29
5. In a parallelogram ABCD, OA and OB are bisectors Hence, x = 29 and y = 21.
of A and B, i.e.
(ii) Since, opposite sides of a parallelogram are
D C parallel and equal to each other.
O
3y – 1
Q R

A B 5x 25

1
OAB = OAD = A 
2 S
1
 P 47
and, OBA = OBC = B
2
 …(i)
 5x = 25 and 3y – 1 = 47
In parallelogram ABCD, AD BC, then 25
A + B = 180°  x= and 3y = 48
5
(Sum of adjacent angles is 180°)  x = 5 and y = 16
1 180 Hence, x = 5 and y = 16.
 (  A   B) =
2 2 7. In parallelogram PQRS, PL and RM are the
perpendiculars on diagonal SQ.
(Dividing both sides by 2)
 Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
1 1 Therefore,
  A  B = 90°
2 2
From (i), we get S R
OAB + OBA = 90° …(ii)
Now, in AOB, L
O
AOB + OAB + OBA = 180°
(Angle sum property) M
 AOB + (OAB + OBA) = 180°
 AOB + 90° = 180° [from (ii)] P Q
 AOB = 90°
OP = OR and OS = OQ
Hence, AOBis 90°.

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 13

 In PLO and RMO, Now, A + B + C + D = 360°
LOP = MOR 90° + B + 140° + 40° = 360°
(Vertically opposite angles)  B = 360° – 270°
OP = OR  B = 90°
(By property of parallelogram) Hence, B = 90° and D = 40°.
PLO = RMO = 90° (given) 10.
Thus PLO  RMO (by AAS) A D
32°
Therefore, PL = RM (by CPCT)
(Hence proved)
O
8. Let ABCD be a rhombus whose diagonals intersect 72°
at O.
Since, diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at
right angles.
B C
1 1
 OA = OC = × AC = × 16 cm = 8 cm ABCD is a rectangle.
2 2
AD  BC and AC is a transversal.
1 1  DAO = ACB ( DAO = 32°)
and OB = OD = × BD = × 12 cm = 6 cm
2 2  OCB = ACB = 32°.
D C 11. Let the adjacent sides of a parallelogram be 3x and 4x.
6  Perimeter of parallelogram = 2 × Sum of adjacent
cm m
8c sides
O
70 cm = 2 × (3x + 4x)
m 6  70 cm = 2 × 7x
8c cm
 70 cm = 14x
A B 70
 x=cm
In AOB, AOB = 90° 14
AB2 = OA2 + OB2  x = 5 cm
(By Pythagoras theorem) Hence, lengths of the sides are 3 × 5 = 15 cm and
4 × 5 = 20 cm.
 AB = (8 cm) + (6 cm)2
2 2

12. Let ABCD be a square.

 AB2 = (64 + 36) cm2
D C
 AB = 100 cm = 10 cm
 AB = BC = CD = DA = 10 cm
Hence, the length of each side of the rhombus is 10 cm.
9. In trapezium ABCD, BC  AD, CD is a transversal.
 C + D = 180° (Sum of interior angles)
 D = 180° – C
 D = 180° – 140° A B
 D = 40°  Perimeter of square = 4 × side
Also, A = 90°  4 × side = 36 cm
B C  4 × AB = 36 cm
140° 36
 AB = cm
4
 AB = 9 cm
 AB = BC = CD = DA = 9 cm

A D

14 Answer Keys
 Now, in DAB, DAB = 90° 2. Interior B = 180° – ext. B
BD2 = AB2 + AD2 Int. B = 180° – 80°
(By Pythagoras theorem) Int. B = 100°
 BD = (92 + 92) cm2
2
 Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
 BD2 = (81 + 81) cm2 Then,
B = D
 BD = 162 cm
 100° = x
 BD = 9 2 cm  x = 100°
Hence, length of the diagonal of square is 9 2 cm . In parallelogram ABCD, AD BC,
DAC = ACB (Alternate angles)
HOTS QUESTIONS  45° = y
1. POQ + QOR = 180° (linear pair)  y = 45°
 POQ = 180° – 56° ( QOR = 56°) D C
 POQ = 124° x y
P Q

56° 45°
O z 80°
A B
S R In ABC,
 Diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other. BAC + ACB + CBA =180°
 OP = OQ = OS = OQ (Angle sum property)
In POQ,  z + y + 100° = 180°
 OP = OQ  z + 45° + 100° = 180°
 OPQ = OQP = x (let)  z = 180° – 145°
Now,  z = 35°
OPQ + POQ + OQP = 180° Hence, x = 100°, y = 45° and z = 35°.
 x + 124° + x = 180°
 2x = 180° – 124° VALUE BASED QUESTION
 2x = 56° SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
56
 x= = 28°
2 A quadrilateral has 10 elements-four sides, four
Hence, OPQ = 28°. angles and two diagonals.
Any five independent elements are required to
determine a quadrilateral uniquely.

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Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 15