Scribd
Upload
11 views

Lecture 6 - Chapter 3 Part 2

Uploaded by

Mircea Pantea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Lecture 6 - Chapter 3 Part 2

Uploaded by

Mircea Pantea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Introductory Physics - I

Chapter 3 – Part 2
Projectile motion; relative motion

Lecture 6– January 25
Outline – Chapter 3

• Vector quantities
• Addition of vectors – graphical method
• Unit vectors and vector components
• Addition of vectors – by components
• Subtraction of vectors
• Multiplication of vectors by scalars
• Position, displacement, velocity, acceleration in 2D and 3D
• Projectile motion
• Relative motion
• Examples
Example of 2D motion:
Projectile Motion
General method for motion in 2 and 3 dimensions:
• The x, y, and z motions are independent of one another
• Solve 3 one-dimensional “problems”
• Each problem is a motion along a straight line

Projectile motion:
• This is a 2-dimensional problem
• The two axes are x (horizontal) and y (vertical).
• Horizontal: motion with constant velocity (ax=0)
• Vertical: motion with constant acceleration (free fall; ay=g or ay=-g)
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion Analysed
Horizontal (x axis) Vertical (y axis)
dv x dv y
ax = =0 ay = = −g (I picked positive up)
dt dt
𝑣𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑣0𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡
1
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 y 𝑡 = 𝑦0 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2

2
𝑣𝑦2 = 𝑣0𝑦 − 2𝑔(𝑦 − 𝑦0 )
Projectile Motion –Velocity components

v0x = v0 cos 0 v0y = v0 sin 0


vx = v cos  vy = v sin 

0 is the direction of the initial


velocity with respect to the
horizontal.
Projectile Motion Analysed
Equation of the path
Equation of the path – relationship between y and x (with no time)

y = y0 + v0yt – ½gt2 x = x0 + v0xt

Choose the origin so that x0 = 0 and y0 = 0


(for convenience)
Eliminate t between these two equations.
2
t=
x x 1  x 
v0 x y = v0 y − g  
v0 x 2  v0 x 
Equation of the path
2
y = (tan  0 ) x −
gx
2(v0 cos  0 )
2

v0x = v0 cos 0 v0y = v0 sin 0

This is of the form


y=ax – bx2
which is the equation of a parabola.
Projectile Motion Analysed
Horizontal range
The horizontal range R is the horizontal distance travelled when
the projectile has returned to its original height.

gR 2
y=0 0 = (tan  0 ) R −
2(v0 cos  0 )
2

The equation has two solutions:


Use this trig identity:
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = sin 2𝜃
R = 0 (at t=0)

2(v0 cos  0 ) (tan  0 ) 2v0 2 sin  0


2 2 2
R= = (cos  0 ) =
v0
sin 2 0
g g cos  0 g
Relative Motion
Relative Velocity
    
rPA = rBA + rPB = rPB + rBA
OR
  
rPB = rPA − rBA

Differentiate with respect to time

  
vPA = vPB + vBA
Relative Acceleration

Differentiate again with respect to time


  
aPA = aPB + aBA

If the second frame B is moving with constant velocity


with respect to frame A, then

 
vBA is constant and aBA = 0
 
so that aPA = aPB .
Relativity of velocity and acceleration

Observers in both frames (moving with constant relative


velocity) say that the acceleration of the particle is the same but
will say that the velocity is different.

As we will see in Chapter 4, observers in both frames will agree


about forces, but not about velocities.
Examples of Relative Motion

• A moving car (P) as viewed by a person on the ground (A)


and by a person on a bicycle (B);
• A Boat (P) as viewed by a person on the river bank (A) and
by a person floating with the current (B)
• An aeroplane (P) as viewed by a person on the ground (A
or G) and by a person travelling with the wind velocity (B
or W).
Aeroplane in the wind

Heading = Direction in
which plane is pointed.
  
vPlane − Air = vPlane −Wind = vPW

Wind

  
v Air −Ground = vWind −Ground = vWG
Aeroplane in the wind

 
Heading vPW vWG Wind


vPG
Actual direction of travel of the plane

Use components or use the sin or cos laws


for a triangle

You might also like