A Report on

Internship for Third Year Mechanical Engineering

Student
At
RPM Engineering Services
Internship Guide (College):
Mr. S H Sonawane

Event Coordinator (Industry)

(Sabir Shaikh)
(Manager)

Organized & Managed By:

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gokhale Education Society’s
R.H Sapat College of Engineering,
Management studies & Research, Nashik.
 Gokhale Education Society’s
R.H Sapat College of Engineering,
Management Studies & Research,
Nashik- 422005
Department of Mechanical Engineering.

This is to certify that report entitled ‘Internship’ submitted by the

Sr. Roll Div. Exam Seat

Name of Student PRN No
No. No. No.
62 A JADHAV HANUMAN NARAYAN 72170604F T190690862
1.

of Sixth Semester of Third year in Mechanical Engineering of College, Gokhale

Education Society’s R.H Sapat College of Engineering, Management
studies & Research Nashik,has completed the Internship satisfactorily in subject
Internship (302055) for the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed in the curriculum,
to the Savitribai Phule Pune University Faculty of Science & Technology ,is a
record of his own work.

Date:

Place: Nashik

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This acknowledges my sincere thanks to our INTERNSHIP guide Mr. S H Sonawane who
helped me in selecting the seminar topic, understanding of the subject, whose valuable guidance
and continuous encouragement throughout this work made it possible to complete this task well
in advance.

I am extremely grateful to. Dr. P. B. Nehe , Head, Mechanical Engineering Department, I also
wish to express a deep sense of gratitude to Dr. P. C. Kulkarni , Principal, R.H Sapat College of
Engineering, Management studies & Research centre for providing all facilities and every help
for smooth progress of internship work I am also thankful to other staff members of our esteemed
college, R.H Sapat College of Engineering, Management studies & Research, Nashik for their
special attention and suggestions.
 Abstract

From this report we will study about various Non-Traditional CNC, WEDM Operations,
measuring instruments like, Vernier Calliper, Micro-meter Screw Gauge, Dial Gauge and
Vernier Height Gauge, how to operate these devices and how to check various parameters of the
component whose measurement is to be taken. Later we will study about the Traditional
machines like Lathe, Milling, Drilling, Grinding Band Saw Machine & operations Performed
such as Facing, Turning, Boring, Drilling on machines also performed CNC Program for
Machining Operations.

Studied different parameters about Various tools like single point cutting tool & multi-point
cutting tool as per application or requirement of operations used in CNC, VMC and Non-
traditional machines.
SR TITLE PAGE
NO NO

1. Introduction 1
2 Material Flow 4
2.1 Material flow. 4
2.2 Operational Shop. 5
3 Manufacturing Process 24
3.1 Manufacturing Process 24
3.2 Classification of Manufacturing Process 25
3.3 Manufacturing Method 26
4 Quality Control 41
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Inspection 42
4.3 Drawing Reading 47
5 Case Study 51
6 Conclusion & References. 53
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1. Company Layout 3

2. CNC Machine 7

3. VMC Machine 8

4. WEDM Machine 10

5. Horizontal Machine 12

6. Vertical Milling Machine 14

7. Milling Machine 15

8. Lathe Traub 16

9. Surface Grinding Machine 21

10. Band Saw Cutting Machine 23

11. Drilling 28

12. Turning 29

13. Grinding 30

14. Turret Station 32

15. Visual Inspection 42

16. Dimension Inspection 43

17. Fixture 46
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CHAPTER: 1
Introduction:-

1.1 Company Profile:-

Company Name: - RPM Engineering Services.
Address:-W-20, MIDC, Satpur, Nashik 422007

Company Functional Area: - High Accuracy Job Works,

RPM Engineering Services is committed to satisfaction, delivery and competitive cost. With the
use of latest state of the art technology and technically competitive workforce, we maintain quality
of products all the time.
TECHNOLOGY: VMC, CNC Machines, CAM Software, and fully equipped machine shop.

QUALITY: Check After the Machining of component, and also before the Dispatch.

VALUES: Honesty, Humane Approach, Knowledge Enrichment of employees and associates

TESTING: Periodically Calibration of instrument and machines. Each component is checked at

every stage.

All the employees at RPM ENGINEERING SERVICES are committed to manufacture Com-
ponent as per vendor’s requirementby using Traditional and Non- traditional Methods, to meet cus-
tomerneeds and expectations in dynamic environment. They work hard to achieve this through a
processof continuous improvements in all areas of operations, by giving emphasis on defect pre-
vention, reduction in variation & waste, development of employees, reducing manufacturing cost,
reducingcustomer complaints and maintaining Quality Systems by complying the requirements of
the Quality Management system as well as statuary and regulatory require-
ments…………………………………………………………………………
This policy shall be reviewed periodically and revised to meet their commitments to customer.

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1.2 Company Clients:-

• ALCON
• HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited)
• INDIAN AIR FORCE

1.3 Company focus and belief:-

RPM Engineering Services is committed to satisfaction, delivery and competitive cost.

With the use of latest state of the art technology and technically competitive workforce, we
maintain quality of products all the time.

1.4 Company strategy:-

• Team Work.
• Organizational and individual discipline, perform duty in aggressive manner to achieve or-
ganizational goals.
• Constantly increase use of computers to improve functioning in order to reduce operational
costs.
• Constant increase of productivity of labour & returns on capital.
• Steady improvement of quality & reduction of cost.
• Customer Orientation.
• Having long term objectives policies and confidence in attaining our goals.
• Respect for laws, ethics and Human beings.

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1.5 Company layout

FIG. 1.1.1 Ground Floor of Machining Shop.

FIG. 1.1.2 First Floor of Machining Shop.

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CHAPTER: 2
2.1 Material flow:-

RAW MATERIAL

CHECKING DIMENSION BEFORE MACHINGING

SETTING JOB, LOADING PROGRAM

TOOL OFFSET, WORKJOB OFFSET

REMOVING MACHINED JOB

GRINDGING

HARDNING (if mentioned)

MACHINING AS PER REQUIRED DIMENSIONS

FILLING AND DEBOURING

CLEANING AND WASHING

FINAL QUALITY INSPECTION

THIRD PARTY INSPECTION

DISPATCH

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2.1.1 Operation Shops:-

2.1.2 Raw material storage shop:-

Material used for manufacture of Die, Components as per requirement is Aluminum, MS,
Copper, Bronze, Brass, EN8, alloy, etc. They uses Round bars, Hexagonal bars, Rectangular Plate,
etc
2.1.3 CNC Machining:-
CNC machine is a typical electromechanical product mainly composed of machine body and the
computer numerical control (CNC) system. It is the core equipment of modern manufacturing
industry. When we have to do mass production of similar job CNC machine is the most suitable
option among conventional machines as on it will give more repeatability and accuracy. The first
benefit offered by all forms of CNC machine tools is improved automation.

The operator intervention related to producing workpieces can be reduced or eliminated. Many
CNC machines can run unattended during their entire machining cycle, freeing the operator to do
other tasks. This gives the CNC user several side benefits including reduced operator fatigue,
fewer mistakes caused by human error, and consistent and predictable machining time for each
workpiece. Since the machine will be running under program control, the skill level required of
the CNC operator (related to basic machining practice) is also reduced as compared to a machin-
ist producing workpieces with conventional machine tools.

The second major benefit of CNC technology is consistent and accurate workpieces. Today's
CNC machines boast almost unbelievable accuracy and repeatability specifications. This means
that once a program is verified, two, ten, or one thousand identical workpieces can be easily pro-
duced with precision and consistency. A third benefit offered by most forms of CNC machine
tools is flexibility. Since these machines are run from programs, running a different workpiece is
almost as easy as loading a different program. Once a program has been verified and executed
for one production run, it can be easily recalled the next time the workpiece is to be run. This
leads to yet another benefit, fast change-overs.

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Specifications:-

Table no: 2.1: CNC machine specifications

Machine Name Super Jobber LM

Control System Fanuc/Siemens
Capacity
Swing over bed 500mm
Distance Between Centers 425/(550)mm
Maximum Turning Diameter 425/(550)mm
Between Center Turning Diameter 225mm
Maximum Turning Length 400(500)mm
Spindle
Spindle Nose
Bore Through Spindle 63mm
Front Bearing Bore 100mm
Maximum Bar Capacity 51mm
Maximum Spindle Speed 3500rpm
Spindle Motor Power Fanuc 11kw
(Fanuc - 15 min. Rating) Siemens 10.8kW
(Siemens - 30 min. Rating) (Siemens - S6 - 40%) Siemens- 13.8kW

Spindle Motor Power Fanuc - 7.5/ Siemens - 9 kW

Axes
Type of guide ways Linear motion
X-Axis Stroke 165mm
Z-Axis Stroke 400(500)mm
X & Z Axes Rapid rate 30 m/min
Tooling
Number of Tools Maximum 8
Boring Bar Dia maximum 40mm
OD Turning Tool Size 25x25 mm
Tailstock
Tailstock Base Travel 235(410) mm

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Tailstock Quill Travel 100mm

Hydraulic System
Hydraulic Pump Capacity 141 rpm
Hydraulic Power Pack Tank Capacity 45 liter
System Pressure 30kg/cm2
Coolant Tank Capacity 110 liter
Overall Weight 3750kg

Fig. 2.2.1 CNC Machine

2.1.4 VMC Machine:-

It means vertical milling machine, it has a vertical Z-axis Spindle. CNC machining is a manufac-
turing process in which pre-programed. Computer software dictates the movements of factory tools
and machinery. The process can be used to control a range of complex machinery from grinders
and lathes to mills and routers with CNC machining, three dimensional cutting taskcan be accom-
plished in a single set of prompts. short for 'computer numerical control,' the CNC process runs in
contrast to-and their by supersedes-the limitation of manual control where live operation are
needed to promote and guide the commands of machining tools via levers, buttons and wheels. To
the on looker a CNC system might resemble a set of computer components but thesoftware program
and console employed on CNC machining distinguish it from all other forms ofcomputation.
Vertical Machining Centre has been leaders in machine tools for the past 20 year in aerospace, die-
molds, medical and energy industries.

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Fig. 2.2.2 VMC Machine

Specifications:-

Table No: 2.2: VMC specifications

Capacity Unit BMV45+ BMV45+T BMV45

C24 +TC30
Table longi- mm 600 600 600
tudinal
travel (X -
Axis)
Table cross mm 450 450 450
travel (Y -
Axis)
Headstock mm 500 500 500
travel (Z -
Axis)
Spindle mm 100 - 600 100 - 600 100 -
nose face to 600
table top
Increased mm 300 - 800 300 - 800 300 -
daylight 800
area with
column
height
block (Op-
tional)

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Distance mm 955 955 955

from Floor
to table
Spindle mm 460 460 460
center - col-
umn front
distance
TABLE UNIT BMV 45+ BMV45+ BMV45
TC24 + TC30
Table size mm 900 x 450 900 x 450 900 x
450
T - Slot mm 5/18/80 5/18/80 5/18/80
(No. / Size /
Pitch)
Max. Load Kg 500 500 500
on table
Std.
SPINDLE UNIT BMV 45+ BMV45+ BMV
& AXES TC24 45+
TC30
Spindle ta- BT-40 BT-40 BT-40
per
Spindle rpm 8000 8000 8000
speed - Std.
Spindle rpm 4800 4800 4800
speed -
Opt.1
Spindle rpm 6000 6000 6000
speed -
Opt.2
Spindle rpm 10000 10000 10000
speed -
Opt.3
Spindle UNIT BMV 45+ BMV45+ BMV
power - Std. TC24 45+
TC30
Fanuc / kW 5.5/7.5 5.5/7.5 5.5/7.5
Mitsubishi,
Cont./30
min. rating
Siemens, kW 9/13.5 9/13.5 9/13.5
cont./ S6-
40% rating

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Spindle UNIT BMV 45+ BMV45+ BMV

power - Opt TC24 45+
(High TC30
power)
Fanuc / kW 7.5/11 7.5/11 7.5/11
Mitsubishi,
Cont./30
min. rating
Rapid & UNIT BMV 45+ BMV45+ BMV
Feed TC24 45+
TC30
Rapid trav- m/ 32 32 32
erse - min
X/Y/Z -
Std.
Feed rate mm / 1 - 10,000 1 - 10,000 1-
min 10,000

2.1.5 WEDM:-

Wire EDM machining (Electrical Discharge Machining) is an electro thermal production process
in which a thin single-strand metal wire in conjunction with de-ionized water (used to conduct
electricity) allows the wire to cut through metal by the use of heat from electrical sparks.

Due to the inherent properties of the process, wire EDM can easily machine complex parts and
precision components out of hard conductive materials.

Fig. 2.2.3 WEDM Machine

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Table No: 2.3: WEDM specifications

Technical Specification
Model
Parameter Unit 320 NXG PR01
Work Table size mm 400 x 600
XY mm 300 x 400
Max. Z Height Mm 400
Max. Taper Angle Degree ±5o /100mm
Max. Workpiece Kg 300kg
weight
Floor plan mm 2300 x 2800 x 1750
Pulse Generator EzeeWin
Min. Input Com- 0.001mm
mand
Min. Increment 0.001mm
Interpolation func- Linear and Circular
tion
Simultaneous con- X,Y,U,V
trolled axes
Resolution for 0.001mm
X,Y,U,V
Data Input USB drive
Input power supply 3 Phase , 415VAC
Connected load 1.5kVa
Dielectric Unit
Dielectric Tap water + Coolant oil S-(50:1lit.)(std.)

Tap water + Multipass paste (50:1kg.)()opt.

Tank capacity 55litr
Filter Magnetic separator

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2.1.6 Milling Machine:-

Milling machine is one of the most versatile conventional machine tools with a wide range of metal
cutting capability. Many complicated operations such as indexing, gang milling, and straddle mill-
ing etc. can be carried out on a milling machine.
This training module is intended to give you a good appreciation on the type of milling machines
and the various types of milling processes. Emphasis is placed on its industrial applications, oper-
ations, and the selection of appropriate cutting tools.
On completion of this module, you will acquire some of these techniques from the training exer-
cises as illustrated in figure 1. However, to gain maximum benefit, you are strongly advised to
make yourself familiar with the following notes before undertaking the training activities, andto
have a good interaction between yourself and the staff in charge of your training.
Assessment of your training will be based on a combination of your skill and attitude in getting
the work done.
• Types of Milling Machine:
1. Horizontal Milling Machine.
2. Vertical Milling Machine.

1. Horizontal Milling Machine:

Fig.2.2.4 Horizontal Milling Machine

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Parts and there function:

a. Column
The column houses the spindle, the bearings, the gear box, the clutches, the shafts, the pumps,
and the shifting mechanisms for transmitting power from the electric motor to the spindle at a
selected speed.
b. Knee
The knee mounted in front of the column is for supporting the table and to provide an up or
down motion along the Z axis.
c. Saddle
The saddle consists of two slideways, one on the top and one at the bottom located at 90º to each
other, for providing motions in the X or Y axes by means of lead screws.
d. Table
The table is mounted on top of the saddle and can be moved along the X axis. On top of the table
are some T-slots for the mounting of workpiece or clamping fixtures.
e. Arbor
The arbor is an extension of the spindle for mounting cutters. Usually, the thread end of an arbor
is of left hand helix.
e. Base
The base of the milling machine, along with the column, are the major structural components.
They hold, align, and support the rest of the machine.
f. Spindle
The spindle holds the tool and provides the actual tool rotation.
g. Spindle Reverse Lever
The position of this lever determines the spindle direction. The three positions of the handle are;
In, Middle, and Out. The middle position is the neutral position. Never move the spindle reverse
lever when the spindle is turning.
h. Spindle Speed Selection Lever
The spindle speed selection lever is used to change the spindle R.P.M. setting. This type of ma-
chine has a geared head so the spindle speed can only be changed when the spindle is stopped.
i. Spindle Clutch Lever
The spindle clutch lever engages the spindle clutch to the motor. By manipulating the spindle
clutch lever the operator can start and stop the spindle.
j. Feed Rate Selection Lever
The feed rate selection lever is used to change the feed rate setting. The feed rate settings are ex-
pressed in inches per minute.
m. Motor Start and Stop Buttons.
The motor start and stop buttons control the power to the main motor for the machine.

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2. Vertical milling machine

Fig.2.2.5 Vertical Milling Machine

Parts and there function:

a. Milling head
b. The milling head consisting the spindle, the motor, and the feed control unit is mounted on a
swivel base such that it can be set at any angle to the table.
c. Ram
d. The ram on which the milling head is attached can be positioned forward and backward along
the slideway on the top of the column.

Specification:-
Table no: 2.3: Milling machine specifications

Machine type Turbo universal milling

Model MAC-2
Sr. no. 3
Size 1120.M.M*280 M.M

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Fig.2.2.6 Milling Machine

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2.1.7 Lathe Machine:-

Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape and
size. Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. A lathe op-
erates on the principle of a rotating workpiece and a fixed cutting tool. The cutting tool is feed
into the workpiece, which rotates about its own axis causing the workpiece to be formed to the
desired shape. Lathe machine is also known as “the mother/father of the entire tool family”.
Function of lathe is to remove excess material in the form of chips by rotating the work piece
against a stationary cutting tool.
1. Industrial revolution demanded
2. More production
3. More Precision
4. Changes in manufacturing process
5. Lead to the development of high speed
6. Special purpose lathes

Main Parts

Lathe Machine is also known as “Centre Lathe”, because it has two centres between which the
job can be held and rotated. The main parts of centre lathe are: Bed, Head stock, Tail stock, Car-
riage, etc.

Fig.2.2.7 (i) Thread Chart Fig.2.2.7 (ii) Lathe Machine

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2.1.8 Drilling Machine:-

Drilling machines: Classification, constructional features, drilling & related operations, types of
drill & drill bit nomenclature, drill materials. Basic purposes of use of drilling machines
Drilling machines are generally or mainly used to originate through or blind straight cylindrical
holes in solid rigid bodies and/or enlarge (coaxially) existing (pre-machined) holes:
9 of different diameter ranging from about 1 mm to 40 mm

9 of varying length depending upon the requirement and the diameter of the drill

9 in different materials excepting very hard or very soft materials like rubber, polythene etc.

Table sensitive drilling machine:

These small capacity (≤ 0.5 kW) upright (vertical) single spindle drilling machines are mounted
(bolted) on rigid table and manually operated using usually small size (φ≤ 10 mm) drills. Fig. 4.1
typically shows one such machine.
Specification:-

Fig 2.2.8 Drilling Machine

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2.1.9 Angle Grinder:-

An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool used for
grinding (abrasive cutting) and polishing.
Angle grinders can be powered by an electric motor. The motor drives a geared head at a right-
angle on which is mounted an abrasive disc or a thinner cut-off disc. Angle grinders typically have
an adjustable guard and a side-handle for two-handed operation. Certain angle grinders, depending
on their speed range, can be used as sanders, employing a sanding disc with a backing pad or disc.
Angle grinders are standard equipment in industry. They are also common in machine shops, along
with die grindersand bench grinders.Angle grinders may be used for removing excess material
from a piece. There are many differentkinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks,
such as cut-off discs (diamond blade),abrasive grinding discs, grinding stones, sanding discs, wire
brush wheels and polishing pads.

Fig.2.2.9 Angle Grinder

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2.1.10 Traub Machine:-

Traub machine is simply based on cam system. A motor helps three shaft to spin as per required
speed .These shaft have cam mounted on them which help to move the slide holding cutting
tool.its fully systematic mechanism. And another motor helps to turn the main spindal which
holds the raw material. Different cam size for different components are used depending on re-
quirements.
Some basic components manufactured on traub are
1) Washers
2) Nut
3) Bolt
4) Bush
5) Pin etc.

Table no: 2.4: Traub Machine specifications

Automatic Grade Automatic
Country of Made in India
Origin
Power Consump- 2.7 kW
tion
Net Machine 750 Kg
Weight
Brand RMT
Spindle Capacity 32 mm
Round
Spindle Capacity 22 mm
Square
Spindle Capacity 27 mm
Hexagon
Maximum Turn- 70 mm
ing Length
Maximum Ca- MT2-18 mm
pacity Of Tail
Block Collet
Spindle Speed 2640 RPM
(12 Steps)
Production Rate 2100 Pieces/Hour
Surface Finish Color Coated

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Fig.2.2.9 Traub machine

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2.1.11 Centreless Surface Grinding Machine:-

Centerless grinding is a machining process that uses abrasive cutting to remove material from a
workpiece.Centerless grinding differs from centered grinding operations in that no spindle or fix-
ture is used to locate and secure the workpiece. The workpiece is secured between two ro-
tary grinding wheels, and the speed of their rotation relative to each other determines the rate at
which material is removed from the workpiece.
Centerless grinding is typically used in preference to other grinding processes for operations
where many parts must be processed in a short time.
Machine: -Principles:-

In centerless grinding, the workpiece is held between two wheels, rotating in the same direction
at different speeds, and a workholding platform. One wheel, known as the grinding wheel (sta-
tionary wheel in the diagram), is on a fixed axis and rotates such that the force applied to the
workpiece is directed downward, against the workholding platform. This wheel usually performs
the grinding action by having a higher tangential speed than the workpiece at the point of con-
tact. The other wheel, known as the regulating wheel (moving wheel in the diagram), is movable.
This wheel is positioned to apply lateral pressure to the workpiece, and usually has either a very
rough or rubber-bonded abrasive to trap the workpiece.[1]
The speed of the two wheels relative to each other provides the grinding action and determines
the rate at which material is removed from the workpiece. During operation the workpiece turns
with the regulating wheel, with the same linear velocity at the point of contact and (ideally) no
slipping. The grinding wheel turns faster, slipping past the surface of the workpiece at the point
of contact and removing chips of material as it passes.

Fig.2.2.10 Centreless Surface Grinding Machine

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Table no: 2.5.: Milling Surface Grinding Machine specifications

Brand Solar
Model Name/Number SL-100
Grinding Wheel Size 350 X 150 X 127 mm
Machine Weight 2000 Kg/s
Max part length in feed 150 mm
grinding
Max part length in 250 length X 100 mm diameter
through feed grinding
Grinding wheel grade A60-1.5V10
Regulating wheel size 230 X 150 X 76 mm
Regulating wheel grade A80 RR
Upper slide swivel 3 Degree
Grinding wheel Head Taper roller 566/563 / 2 pieces
bearing
Control wheel bearing taper roller 32210 1 piece & 32209 1
piece
Machine Dimensions L= 1850 X W= 1100 X H=1600 mm

2.1.12 BANDSAW
A bandsaw (also written band saw) is a power saw with a long, sharp blade consisting of a con-
tinuous band of toothed metal stretched between two or more wheels to cut material. They are
used principally in woodworking, metalworking, and lumbering, but may cut a variety of materi-
als. Advantages include uniform cutting action as a result of an evenly distributed tooth load, and
the ability to cut irregular or curved shapes like a jigsaw.[1] The minimum radius of a curve is
determined by the width of the band and its kerf. Most bandsaws have two wheels rotating in the
same plane, one of which is powered, although some may have three or four to distribute the
load. The blade itself can come in a variety of sizes and tooth pitches (teeth per inch, or TPI),
which enables the machine to be highly versatile and able to cut a wide variety of materials in-
cluding wood, metal and plastic.
Table no: 2.7.: Bandsaw Machine specifications

Voltage 220 - 380 V

Usage/Applica- Metal Cutting
tion
Blade Speed 27/40/75 m/min
Dimension 102 x 32 x 39 cm
Rated Power 370 W
Hydraulic 0.75kw to metal band saw cutting machine
Maximum Diam- Round 300mm
eter

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Fig.2.2.12 (a) Bandsaw Cutting Machine

Fig.2.2.12 (c) Bandsaw Cutting Machine

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CHAPTER: 3
Manufacturing Process:-

Manufacturing is the process of turning raw materials or parts into finished goods
through the use of tools, human labor, machinery, and chemical processing. Manufacturing is
integral to the economy.
Most products were handmade using human labor and basic tools before the Industrial
Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution led to mass production, assembly line manufacturing, and the use of
mechanization to manufacture larger quantities of goods at a lower cost.
Financial analysts study the ISM Manufacturing Report each month as a potential early indicator
of the economy's health and where the stock market might be headed.

3.1 Introduction:-
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, la-
bor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence
of secondary sector of the economy.[1] The term may refer to a range of human activity,
from handicraft to high-tech, but it is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw
materials from the primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such
goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products
(such as aircraft, household appliances, furniture, sports equipment or automobiles), or distrib-
uted via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in
turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers).
Manufacturing engineering, or the manufacturing process, are the steps through which raw mate-
rials are transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the product de-
sign, and materials specification from which the product is made. These materials are then modi-
fied through manufacturing processes to become the desired part.
Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes involved in the production and inte-
gration of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufactur-
ers, use the term fabrication instead.
The manufacturing sector is closely connected with the engineering and industrial design indus-
tries.

3.2 Classification of Manufacturing Process:-

• Manufacturing processes can be classified as processing operation and assembly operation.
1. In Processing Operation the work material is transformed from one state to other advanced
state. Through this operation value is added to the work material by changing the geometry;
shape properties, appearance etc. of the starting work material. Usually processing operations are
performed on individual component. But in some cases like aerospace industry, the processing
operations are performed on assembled items also.

2. In Assembly Operation two or more components are joined to create a new entity. The new en-
tity is called assembly, subassembly based on its state in the product. If the entity is an interme-

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diate state of the product, it is called subassembly. Some other terms are also referred based on

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the joining process. The assembly created by welding operation is called weld met.

Major Manufacturing Process

Fig.No.3.2.1 Process Flow Chart

3.2.1 Manufacturing Methods:-

There are six steps in this process:

1. Job shop manufacturing.

2. Repetitive manufacturing.
3. Discrete manufacturing.
4. Batch process manufacturing.
5. Continuous process manufacturing.
6. Machining.
7. Joining.

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1. Job shop manufacturing

Job shop manufacturing uses production areas instead of an assembly line and is most often used
for small-batch, custom products that are made-to-order for certain clients or customers. These
workstations might focus on one particular product or a handful of them, like a custom shoe-
maker or commercial printing press, and easily offer the ability to customize the final product.
Many machine shops also use this type of manufacturing to make local industrial machinery,
ship components or specialized parts for the aviation industry.
With advances in technology, some of these sites may use job shop manufacturing software,
which helps manage workflow and production. To scale volume for higher production rates, a
business might benefit from moving from job shop manufacturing to repetitive manufacturing,
which allows for more automation and fewer people.
2. Repetitive manufacturing
Repetitive manufacturing is appropriate when making repeat production at a committed produc-
tion rate. This manufacturing process has dedicated production lines all working on the same
product or component all day, every day year-round. Because there is such little changeover and
setup, you can match operation speeds to customer demand or client requirements to make more
or fewer items.
Many companies that make electronic goods, automobiles or durable consumer goods like refrig-
erators and clothes dryers use the repetitive manufacturing process.
3. Discrete manufacturing
Discrete manufacturing uses an assembly or production line, though it is much more diverse than
repetitive manufacturing and allows for more frequent changeover and variation. A company can
have multiple styles, sizes or modifications for a product with discrete manufacturing, though it
often means production can take longer because of extra setup or removal as necessary.
Automobile and aircraft makers use the discrete manufacturing process, along with many compa-
nies who produce clothing, medical devices, toys and smartphones.
4. Batch process manufacturing
Batch process manufacturing shares similarities with discrete and job shop manufacturing pro-
cesses, driven by customer demand or the availability of ingredients and raw materials. One
manufacturing run might produce a batch enough to fill client needs, so you finish production,
clean the equipment, and resume when you need another batch.
Food production, newspaper printing, bookbinding, and pharmaceuticals often rely on batch pro-
cess manufacturing.
5. Continuous process manufacturing
Continuous process manufacturing runs all the time like repetitive manufacturing. The difference
is this process focuses on raw materials that are often gases, powders, liquids or slurry.
Oil refining, metal smelting, paper production and some food products like tomato sauce, juice
and peanut butter use continuous process manufacturing.

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1. Machining
Machining uses power-driven tools to shape solid materials and metals by removing extra mate-
rials from the piece, usually by trimming. Machining is the foundation of the industry and in-
cludes things such as presses, chip-making tools and modern machinery.

2. Joining
Joint patterns consider load factors, assembly performance, upkeep and operations. Bolting is a
standard fastening method while welding is more cost-effective and reduces excess weight, be-
cause it doesn't require overlapping materials, fasteners or mounted parts in between.

3. Forming
Metal forming bends, spins or stretches using a metal press, die or punching tools. Forming is
expensive, though you can reuse equipment by changing the dies.

4. Casting
Casting involves a solid dissolving into a liquid when heated and poured into a mold or cavity.
Casting can create complex or simple shapes from any kind of meltable metal with a wide option
for designs.

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3.2.2 Machining Operation:-

Machining operations are classified into 3 principle processes and they are turning, drilling and
milling. There are other operations too that fall in miscellaneous categories such as boring, saw-
ing, shaping, and broaching. A specific machine tool is required for taking care of each machin-
ing operation.

➢ Types of Machining Tools

Machining is categorized into the types of machining tools explained in detail:

1. Drilling
In drilling process holes are created in the metal through circular cylinders. A twist drill is used
for accomplishing this task. 75% of the metal cutting material is removed through the drilling
operation. The drill enters the workpiece and cuts a hole which is equal to the diameter of the
tool that was used for cutting the whole. A drill has a pointed end which can easily cut a hole in
the work piece.

Fig.No.3.2.2 Drilling
2. Turning
Turning is basically a lathe operation by which the metal is removed from the workpiece outside
its diameter using a cutting tool. This operation is performed on a lathe which is a machine
where the workpiece is adjusted and the tool is kept stationary whereas the workpeice is rotated.
Lathes are specially designed for the turning operation and they help in cutting the metal in the
most precise way. The workpiece is placed on the chuck and the machine rotates the stationary
tool to cut the unwanted parts from the piece.

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Fig.No.3.2.3 Turning

3. Milling
Milling is one of the fundamental operations in machining. This manufacturing process is less
accurate than the turning processes because the degree of freedom is high. Milling fabricates the
object which is not axially symmetric. A milling machine is required for this purpose along with
a fixture, cutter and of course the workpiece. The workpiece here is the material that is already
shaped and it needs milling. It is secured to the fixture, ready for being milled. The cutter is also
secured to the machine. It has sharp teeth and it rotates at a high speed. The workpiece is fed to
the cutter and it removes the unwanted metal from the piece.

Fig.No.3.2.4 Milling

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4. Grinding
Grinding process is used for improving the finish of the surface and tightening up the tolerance
by removing the remaining unwanted materials from the surface. Grinding machines are used for
this purpose to produce parts of identical shape, size and finish.

Fig.No.3.2.5 Grinding
5. Chip Formation
In chip formation process materials are cut through mechanical means by using tools like milling
cutters, saws and lathes. It is an integral part of the engineering of developing machines and cut-
ting tools.

Fig.No.3.2.6 Chip Formation

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3.2.3 CNC Machine:-

CNC machine is a typical electromechanical product mainly composed of machine body and the
computer numerical control (CNC) system. It is the core equipment of modern manufacturing
industry. When we have to do mass production of similar job CNC machine is the most suitable
option among conventional machines as on it will give more repeatability and accuracy. The first
benefit offered by all forms of CNC machine tools is improved automation.
➢ CNC Machine Series:-

• Fanuc OI Mate TD

• Fanuc Series 0i-Model F

➢ CNC Machining Operation:-

• Boring

• Milling

• Drilling

• Tapping
• Threading

• Counterboring

• Countersinking
• Knurling

➢ Tool offset:-

• The word 'offset' refers to the allowance made by the CNC machine for the diameter and
length of the tool to cut the job. Programming on a CNC machine is always done accord-
ing to the center point of the cutter. The cutting tool runs along the programmed line. If
the offset value of a tool is not set, the tool will move according to this centre point of the
cutter rather than according to the tool being used. This means that the tool will be cut-
ting in the wrong part of the work piece.

• Since the diameter and length of a tool may vary, an 'offset' value needs to be set so that
the tool can be moved to the correct position for the cutting required.

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Fig.No.3.2.7 Tool offset

• For tool offsetting of a new tool just tie up the tool in the tool post and in MDI (Manual Data
Input) Mode call up the tool in the working position by entering the command T1, the T is for
tool call up and 1 is tool number if you have your tool on another position you might change
that with that tool number.
• Now change the cnc machine to Jog Mode and touch the tool cutting point to the finished
component (already gripped in cnc machine jaws) face and bring the Tool-Geometry page and
enter under the tool number the command M20 this command will clear any previous values
and will measure the current tool’s tool-offset in Z-axis.
• Now touch the tool to a known-diameter on the component and again in the tool-geometry
page enter the command MX50 you can enter the measured diameter value instead of 50. This
way now we have calculated the tool-measurement on the Fanuc TC cnc machine control.
➢ Total Turret Station:-
• CNC lathe machine tool turret is part of the CNC machine where all tooling is mounted. CNC
lathe tool turret has an integral Disk like part (Tool turret disk) on which all the tools are
mounted. CNC lathe tool turret is mounted on the x-axis carriage,
• Tool capacity for CNC lathe machines varies machine to machine. Small CNC lathe machines
normally comes with a tool turret capacity of 4 or 8 tools stations. Bigger and heavy CNC lathe
machines tool turrets are big and heavy and accordingly will hold more tools such as 12 or more.

Fig.No.3.2.8 Turret Stattion

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➢ Tool Holder
• CNC lathe tool turret rotates with the cnc program commands. Normally a letter “T” is used to
call a tool in the working position.
• The tool rotation is dependent on cnc lathe machine.
• Some cnc lathe tool turret rotate in one direction (CW or CCW).
• Some cnc lathe tool turret rotates both directions, such tool turret direction is optimized for the
nearest tool station.
• Some cnc lathe give full control over tool call up, you can call by optimized direction or you
can call tool by rotating tool turret by CW direction or CCW.

Fig.No.3.2.9 Tool holder

➢ Tool used in CNC Lathe:-

• Drill Bits
• End Mill
• Face Mill
• Reamers
• Gear Cutters
• Hollow Mill
• Thread Mill
• Slab Mill
• Fly Cutter
• Single point Cutting tool
• Some Materials Used in CNC Machines’ Cutting Tools
• Carbon Steel
• High-Speed Steel
• Carbide
• Ceramic

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3.2.4 VMC Machine:-

VMC machining refers to machining operations that utilize vertical machining centers (VMCs),
which, as the name suggests, have vertically oriented machine tools. These machines are primar-
ily utilized to turn raw blocks of metal, such as aluminum or steel, into machined components.
They can be used to perform a variety of machining operations, including, but not limited to, the
following: cutting, drilling, tapping, countersinking, chamfering, carving, and engraving. This
versatility, combined with their relatively low cost, has made them a highly common machine
shop tool.

➢ VMC Machine Series

• Cosmos CVM-640
• BMV45+TC24

➢ VMC Machining Operation

• Cutting
• Drilling
• Tapping
• Countersinking
• Chamfering
• Carving
• Engraving

➢ Tool Offset
• Tool offsets are the set of values that move the centre point of the cutter to the correct position
for cutting a work piece using a specific tool. On some CNC machines you may need to enter
the radius value of the cutter instead. This is called cutter radius compensation.

➢ Total Tool Mounts:-

• 24 Arm Type

➢ Tool Holder

• Precision Keyless Drill Chucks.

• Tapping Attachments QSFL(Non Reversible)
• Quick Change Drilling & Tapping Chucks.
• Morse Taper & JT Taper Collet Chucks.
• Rigid Tapping Chuck & Accessories.

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Fig.No.3.2.10 Tool holder

➢ Tool used in VMC Machine

• Drill Bits
• End Mill
• Face Mill
• Reamers
• Gear Cutters
• Hollow Mill
• Thread Mill
• Slab Mill
• Fly Cutter

1. Drill Bits
Drill bits have a conical cutting point and a shaft with one or more flutes-the helical grooves
that run down the exterior of the tool.

Fig.No.3.2.11 Drill bit

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2. End Mill
End mills are similar to drill bits but are much more versatile in the operations they perform.
They typically have up to eight sharp flutes on their ends and sides, allowing them to remove
large amounts of materials within a short period. An end mill should be your go-to tool if you
want to cut straight down into a material without requiring a pre-drilled hole (or spot).

Fig.No.3.2.12 End mill

3. Face Mill
More often than not, the starting material (or workpiece) used in CNC milling machines requires
some sort of preparation before you can perform major milling operations.
Face mills are specialty cutting tools that allow you to make flat sections of the workpiece before
detailed cutting operations are carried out. This tool features a solid body with multiple inter-
changeable cutter inserts that can be swapped as needed.

Fig.No.3.2.13 Face mill

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4. Reamers
Let’s say you need to create a 1/2” hole in a workpiece. You can proceed to use a 1/2” drill bit,
right? Wrong! Do this, and you can expect to have an oversized hole when you’re done drilling
your workpiece.
An ideal way to create this hole is to start with a smaller drill bit, say 31/64”, before widening
the hole to 1/2” using a reamer. Reamers allow you to expand the size of existing holes while
achieving dimensional accuracy and tight tolerances

Fig.No.3.2.14 Reamer

5. Gear Cutters
As the name suggests, gear cutters are used to make gears for manufacturing industries. You can
use it to fabricate a wide variety of gears, including spur, bevel, worm, screw, and helical gears.

Fig.No.3.2.15 Gear Cutter

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6. Hollow Mill
Hollow mills are pipe-shaped cutting tools with three or more cutting edges that enclose and re-
volve around a cylindrical workpiece. This cutting tool allows you to create a consistent pre-
thread diameter quickly and efficiently. You can also use them in drill press work for finishing
projections that must be in a given position.

Fig.No.3.2.16 Hollow mill

7. Thread Mill
As the name suggests, thread mills are CNC cutting tools used for cutting threads. They are simi-
lar to taps in the purpose they serve. But unlike taps that cut only internal threads, CNC ma-
chines fitted with thread mills can cut both internal and external threads.
You should opt for thread mills if you’re looking to penetrate hard metals or asymmetrical parts.

Fig.No.3.2.17 Thread mill

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8. Slab Mill
Slab mills, also known as slab cutters or plain mills, are used to cut flat surfaces. These cutters
typically only have teeth on their periphery and are ideal for creating wide and narrow cuts
quickly.

Fig.No.3.2.18 Slab mill

9. Fly Cutter
Fly cutters are single-point rotary tools that make broad or shallow cuts and produce a smooth
surface finish. Compared to most face mills, fly cutters are inexpensive and offer a better surface
finish. It should be your go-to tool for plane surfacing operations.

Fig.No.3.2.19 Fly Cutter

➢ Some Materials Used in CNC Machines’ Cutting Tools

• Carbon Steel
• High-Speed Steel
• Carbide
• Ceramic

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3.2.5 WEDM (Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM)

Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark eroding, die sink-
ing, wire burning or wire erosion, is a metal fabrication process whereby a desired shape is ob-
tained by using electrical discharges (sparks).[1] Material is removed from the work piece by a
series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielec-
tric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. One of the electrodes is called the tool-electrode, or
simply the tool or electrode, while the other is called the work piece-electrode, or work piece.
The process depends upon the tool and work piece not making physical contact.

➢ WEDM Machine series

• 2530HSAT PRO 1
➢ WEDM Machining Operation
• Cutting
➢ Wire Material
• Brass Wire
➢ Tool
• Standard EDM wire is 0.25mm in diameter. Micro wires can range from 0.15mm
down to 0.020mm.
• Longer Length: SP micro EDM wire provides a longer continuous length per
reel: 5,000m/reel, 10,000m/reel and 20,000m/reel, while that of tungsten wire is 3,000
- 5,000m/reel. Thus, longer continuous operation and higher productivity can be
achieved.

Fig.No.3.2.20 Wire structure

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Chapter: - 4

4.1.1 Quality Control:-

Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in
production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "A part of quality management focused on ful-
filling quality requirements"
It depends on various factors that affects the quality of product i.e. material, tools, machines, type
of labour, working condition, measuring instruments etc.

4.1.2 Objectives of Quality Control

➢ To improve the company’s income by making the product more acceptable to the customer,
by providing long life, aesthetic aspect etc.
➢ To reduce company’s cost through reduction of total losses due to defects.
➢ To produce optimum quality at minimum price
➢ To ensure satisfaction of customer with products of high quality level, to build customers
good will, confidence and reputation of manufacturer.

4.1.3 Quality Improvement Technique:-

➢ 5S :-
• Seiri (Sort): Sort through materials, keeping only the essentials items need to complete
task.
• Seiton (Set in Order): Ensures that all items are organized and each item has designated
place.
• Seiso (Shine): Proactive efforts to keep workplace areas clean an orderly to ensure purpose
driven work.
• Seiketsu (Standardize): Create set of standards for both organisation and processes.
• Shitsuke (Sustain): Sustain new practices and conduct audits to maintain.

➢ Kaizen :-
• A Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement of working practices.

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4.2 Inspection:-
• Inspection is a part of quality control. Inspection is an act of checking materials, parts,
componentsor products at various stages of manufacturing and sorting out the faulty or
defective items from the good items.

➢ Method of inspection:-

4.2.1 Visual Inspection:-

It consists of inspecting the surface of the casting with naked eye or sometimes with a magnifying
glass or microscope. It can only indicate surface defects such as blow holes, fusion, swells, external
cracks, and mismatch. Almost all castings are subjected to certain degree of visual inspection.

Fig.No.4.1.1 Visual Inspection

4.2.2 Dimensional Inspection:-

Dimensional inspection is carried out to make sure that the castings produced have the required
overall dimensions including allowances for machining. It may sometimes be necessary to break a
part of the casting to take measurements of inside dimensions.

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Fig.No.4.1.2 Dimensional Inspection

4.2.3 Instruments used for Inspection:-

1. Vernier Caliper

A vernier scale, named after Pierre Vernier, is a visual aid to take an accurate measurement reading
between two graduation markings on a linear scale by using mechanical interpolation, thereby
increasing resolution and reducing measurement uncertainty by using vernier acuity to reduce hu-
man estimation error. It is used to calculate internal and external diameter of hollow cylinders.

Fig.No.4.1.3 Vernier Caliper

2. Micrometer
A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a cali-
brated screw widely used for accurate measurement of components in mechanical engineer-ing
and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such
as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.

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Fig.No.4.1.4 Micrometer

3. Filler Gauge
A feeler gauge is a tool used to measure gap widths. Feeler gauges are mostly used in engineer-
ing to measure the clearance between two parts.

Fig.No.4.1.5 Filler Gauge

4. Vernier Height Gauge
A height gauge is a measuring device used for determining the height of objects, and for marking
of items to be worked on.

Fig.No.4.1.6 Vernier Height Caliper

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5. Go no-go Gauge
A go/no-go gauge refers to an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tol-
erances via a go/no-go test. Its name is derived from two tests: the check involves the workpiece
having to pass one test (go) and fail the other (no-go).

Fig.No.4.1.7 Go no-go gauge

6. Dial Indicator
A dial test indicator, also known as a lever arm test indicator or finger indicator, has a smaller
measuring range than a standard dial indicator. A test indicator measures the deflection of the
arm, the probe does not retract but swings in an arc around its hinge point.

Fig.No.4.1.8 Dial Indicator

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7. Fixtures
A fixture is a work-holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry.[1][2] Fixtures
are used to securely locate (position in a specific location or orientation) and support the work,
ensuring that all parts produced using the fixture will maintain conformity and interchangeabil-
ity.

Fig.No.4.1.9 Fixture

Table No.4.1.1 Inspection Instruments

Sr. Instrument Purpose

no.
1 Vernier Caliper For measuring length, internal and
external
diameter
2 Micrometer For measuring accurate diameter
3 Measuring Tape To measure linear dimensions

5 Filler Gauge To measure the clearance

6 Vernier height To measure height
gauge
7 Go no-go gauge To check the dimension of thread
8 Snap Gauge To check the external diameters
9 Dial Indicator To check close tolerances

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4.1 Drawing Reading:-

➢ Important Specifications:

• Origin location

• Dimension tolerances

• Geometric callouts

• Material

Drawing No.1

Job name: - Lock Washer

Major Diameter of the washer is 23m, minor Diameter is 13mm & thickness is 9mm.

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Operation for Manufacturing: -

1. Raw Material is given of Dia of 24mm, and thickness of 15 mm.

2. Input of Program in Machine
3. First Side facing using carbide tool in CNC lathe Machine.
4. Drilling throughout 13mm using Drill bit.
5. Then boring 7mm of inner diameter of 21.4

Drawing No.2

Job name: - Nipple

Material- 12KH18N10T (Steel)

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Operation for Manufacturing: -

1. Raw Material is given of Dia of 32mm, and thickness of 32 mm.

2. Input of Program in Machine.
3. First Side facing using carbide tool in CNC lathe Machine.
4. Drilling throughout 30mm using Drill bit.
5. Then boring 30mm of inner diameter of 22
6. Step turning of a pipe 1.5mm thickness.

Drawing No.3

Job Name-Insert

Material- Steel

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Drawing No.4

Drawing No.5

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CHAPTER: 5
1. Case Study
EFFECT OF WIRE EDM PROCESS PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF
AISI-1045 (CARBON STEEL):-
Abstract-
Wire cut EDM is a cutting process used widely where conventional machining processes are not
useful. A metal wire with a Dielectric medium travels through a path and perform machining
procedure. WEDM is used for cutting intricate or complicated shapes which are not possible
with conventional machining methods. The main objective of the present work is to investigate
the effects of various WEDM process parameters on the machining quality and to obtain the op-
timal sets of process parameters like Pulse-ON time, Pulse-OFF time, current, wire feed are stud-
ied by conducting an experiment. Taguchi Method is to design the experiment. L16 orthogonal
array is used to conduct the experiment. An AISI-1045 (carbon steel) is used as a workpiece ma-
terial in the form of square bar. The surface roughness (SR) is selected as response variable.

Key Words: Wire EDM, Surface Roughness, Taguchi method, Orthogonal Array.

WORKING PRINCIPLE-
The WEDM machine tool comprises of a main table (X-Y) on which the workpiece is clamped;
an auxiliary table (UV) and wire drive mechanism. The main table moves along X and Y axis
and it is driven by the D.C. servo motors. The travelling wire is continuously fed from wire feed
spool and collected on take up spool which moves through the workpiece and is supported under
tension between a pair of wire guides located at the opposite sides of the workpiece. The lower
wire guide is stationary whereas the upper wire guide, supported by the U-V table, can be dis-
placed transversely along U and V-axis with respect to lower wire guide. The upper wire guide
can also be positioned vertically along Z-axis by moving the quill. The wire is connected to the
negative charge and the workpiece is connected to the positive charge. Now series of electrical
pulses generated by the pulse generator unit is applied between the workpiece and the wire elec-
trode so the spark occurs. This material is removed from workpiece by electro-erosionAnalysis.

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2. Case study

STUDY ON COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) TECHNOLOGY:-

Abstract –
This paper is proposed to study regarding CNC technology. CNC machine is one of the popular
technologiesin the field of manufacturing now a days. This paper describes basics of CNC ma-
chine. Also elaborate difference between conventional machine and CNC machine. And de-
scribes types of CNC machines based on their applications.Mainly this paper conferred a detail
of various parts available in CNC machine i.e. drives, motors and controller and working of CNC
machine also. At last this paper conclude, why we should use CNC machine over conventional
machine and in which cases it is not preferable to use CNC machine.

Key Words: CNC machine, Computer Numerical Control, Servo motor, Spindle motor, Drives,
CNC working, CNC controller, conventional machines

WORKING PRINCIPLE-
Movement of X, Y, Z axis are controlled by a motor which supplies either Alternating current or
Direct current.
Movement of the machine is done by giving commands.
All the operations are carried out by codes like speed, feed, depth of cut, etc.
For each operation separate code is available.
The warning system is available to save guard the various operations and components.

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CONCLUSION

• Internship is program that expose student to the real working environment and experience.
Through Internship, I can conclude that Internship is very important and it can give many
advantage for student who will graduate their engineering to gain experience before they get to
the real situation in the future where the student being expose to many kinds of job or work with
the time given.
• We studied and gained knowledge about various machining processes such as turning, facing
drilling, boring and many more.
• Some quality control methods like dimension checking, visual inspection of parts, drawing
reading, checking quality characteristics of machining part & as well as various dimension
parameters the knowledge about frequent maintenance of machineries are studied.
• We have implemented '5s' process.
• The purpose of various sections in industry such as CNC, VMC section, inspection, machin-
ing, and assembly section, is studied.
• The company's discipline, manners & management approach understood and analyze.

References
• https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/manufacturing-processes
• www.irjet.net
• https://www.vista-industrial.com/blog/how-to-read-a-manufacturing-drawing/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/
• www.acemircomatic.net
• https://www.indiamart.com/

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