Unit at a Glance

Language Focus: Describe, Explain

Reading Strategy: Make Inferences

Unit 2 Phonics Focus: Digraphs: ph, th, qu;

Trigraphs: thr, shr, squ
Topic: Adaptations, Needs

Staying
Alive
Share What You Know
? 1 Look at pictures of animals

Big
What does and places in nature.
it take to 2 Match the animals with
their homes.
Question survive? 3 Talk with a partner
about things that
might help the animals
live in each place.

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A spotted owlet hiding in a tree trunk

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G2.15.A.1 follow written multi-step directions
Content
S.G2.9.A.ii identify the basic needs of animals
A PART OF CENGAGE
G2.29.A.1 share information that focuses on the topic under S.G2.10.A.i observe how the physical characteristics of animals ALL RIGHTS RESERVED – NOT FOR RESALE
discussion help them meet their basic needs
 1 Words
PART

Language Focus to Know Science Vocabulary

has
look
Describe to Key Words
Listen and sing. How do animals and insects look? How does this help them
in their habitat ?

color
Where Can My Butterfly Be? Song

Oh where, oh where can my

The iguana is green. The polar bear is white.
butterfly be?
Oh where, oh where did it fly?
It has brown wings, and it flew to
this tree. shape
It’s hard to find, but I’ll try!
Its wings blend into this habitat.
The fish has an oval spot. The puffer fish is round.
It flutters down and sits still.
Its wings look like the brown leaves
on this tree.
It’s hard to find, but I will! size
Tune: “Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone?”

This bear is big. This ladybug is tiny.

Talk Together

Talk about the animals and insects on this page. How do

you think their color, shape, and size help them survive?
72 Unit 2 73
 1
PART

Thinking Map Academic Vocabulary

Plot More Key Words

The plot is what happens in a story. The story events
happen in order. Show this in a story map. adaptation defend hide
noun verb verb
Beginning-Middle-End Chart
Beginning

Write the
One day, Pablo finds a caterpillar. beginning
here.

A turtle’s hard The mother She hides the

Middle shell is an defends her gift so her father
Pablo puts the adaptation that baby so that it cannot see it.
caterpillar into Write the keeps it safe. stays safe.
a jar. Then, he middle
watches what here. safe survive
adjective verb
Talk Together
happens.
Work with a
End partner. Use Key
After two weeks, the caterpillar Words to ask and
turns into a butterfly. Pablo opens Write the answer questions.
the jar. He watches the butterfly fly end here.
away. How do some animals
They wear Penguins survive defend their young?

helmets to keep cold weather by

They hide them to
Talk Together
their heads safe standing together keep them safe.
in case they fall. to stay warm.
Tell your partner about a nature walk you took or would
like to take. Your partner makes a story map.
74 Unit 2 75
 1 Language Frames
PART

Reading Strategy
I read .
I know .

Learn to Make Inferences Talk Together

And so .

Look at the cartoon. Pablo is excited. The text does

Read Pablo’s journal. Read the sample
not say why. Look at the picture to figure out, or
inference. Then use Language Frames to
make an inference, about why he is excited.
tell a partner about your inferences.
Journal

Saturday, May 18, 20 _

Hurry up, Dad! Today Dad brought me to the Butterfly House at the zoo. Sample Inference
"I read that Pablo went
The Butterfly House has hundreds of butterflies that you can to the Butterfly House
look at. at the zoo.
I know that Pablo likes
While we were there, my dad told me all about butterflies. butterflies.
He said that when butterflies land on flowers, they are not And so I can guess
playing. They are really getting food. Butterflies need flowers that Pablo had a great
time."
to survive . Dad also said that some butterflies hide in
trees and plants. Butterflies don't have many ways to defend
themselves. However, their coloring is one adaptation that
keeps them safe .
You can make inferences to help
We are already planning another trip to the Butterfly
you understand what you read and see. House. Next time, I want to bring my camera!

How to Make Inferences

1. Read the text. Look at the pictures. I read .

2. Think about what you already I know .

know.

3. Use what you know and what And so .

you read to figure out more. = A good place to make an inference

76 Unit 2 77
 1
PART

Phonics Focus

Digraphs: ph, th, qu Talk Together

Listen and read. Find the words with the digraphs

in the beginning or middle of words.

Over to You

Is That a Bug or a Stick?

phone thin queen
You might look at a tree and not know an insect is
Work with a
there. The giant walking stick looks like a stick. It has
partner.
Listen and Learn
the same color and shape. It looks like part of the tree.
It is hard to see. Take turns. Point
Listen to the sound of the digraphs at the beginning to a word with
Other insects are big. But this insect wins a trophy
a ph, th, or qu
of the picture words. Choose the words that have the for its size. It is long and thin. Its body is 33 centimeters
digraph. Your
same beginning digraphs as the picture words. in length. That is quite long. When it is stretched out, it
partner says the
is almost 61 centimeters in length! That is a big bug!
word.
1. 2. The giant walking stick has ways to fight predators.
It defends itself by shooting a milky liquid at them.
The liquid burns. Predators leave the giant walking stick alone.
Another thing the giant walking stick does is hide. It hides
pocket phone think treat trace thick during the day. It comes out at night to eat while predators are
asleep.
3. 4.

quiz thing scope trim this trace

Practice reading words with digraphs by reading

“Is That a Bug or a Stick?” with a partner.
79
78 Unit 2
 Read a Story Twilight
Hunt
ahd2
Genre
txt_app1.
This story tells about things that could
really happen. It is realistic fiction.
A Seek-and-Find Story
Plot
The events in a story are the plot. written and illustrated
by Narelle Oliver

The plot in this story

tells what happens
when a Screech Owl
hunts for food.

80 Unit 2 81
 Set a Purpose
A Screech Owl hunts for
food. Will it find what it
needs to survive ?

It is twilight. The babies are hungry. On silent wings, the Screech Owl flies.
The Screech Owl’s hunt must begin. It watches for movement. It listens for
tiny sounds.
At that moment a Bark Moth flutters
toward a tree.
Screech Owl Bark Moth
twilight early night silent quiet
are hungry need food movement animals or insects that move
hunt search for food flutters toward flies to

82 Unit 2 83
 Can the Screech Owl snap it up? Nearby a Katydid hops.
The moth has disappeared. The Screech Owl follows it.
Katydid

snap it up catch the moth Nearby Close by Before You Continue

has disappeared has gone hops jumps 1. Sequence What does the Screech Owl
where it cannot be seen do at the beginning of the story? Why?
2. Plot What happens when the Screech
Owl sees the Bark Moth and Katydid?

84 Unit 2 85
 Predict
What will the Katydid and the
other insects and animals do?

In a flash, the Katydid has Out from the leaves, a Treefrog

vanished. jumps.

In a flash Quickly Treefrog

has vanished has gone away

86 Unit 2 87
 All of a sudden, it is nowhere to A Lizard scuttles up a speckled rock.
be found. In the blink of an eye, there is no
trace of it at all.

Lizard
All of a sudden Just then; scuttles climbs quickly Before You Continue
Suddenly speckled rock a rock 1. Confirm Predictions Was your prediction
nowhere to be found gone covered with spots correct? How did the Katydid stay safe ?
or patches
2. Make Inferences Why is it so hard
In the blink of an eye Soon for the Screech Owl to catch insects
no trace of it all nothing to see and animals ?

88 Unit 2 89
 Predict
Will the Screech Owl ever
find food ?

Finally, a giant Luna Moth drifts down. Far away, a Great Horned Owl
There is no escape. The hunt is over. is watching.

Luna Moth Great Horned Owl

giant very big
drifts flies slowly
escape place to hide

90 Unit 2 91
 Sensing danger, the Screech Owl With feathers pulled tight, the
swoops to land. Screech Owl has disappeared.
So, the Great Horned Owl flies on.

Sensing danger, Something With feathers pulled tight

is wrong, so By making its body small
swoops to land quickly flies flies on goes away
down

92 Unit 2 93
 Meet the Author AWARD
WINNER
Narelle Oliver
As a girl growing up in Australia,
Narelle Oliver enjoyed exploring the
local countryside. Now, Ms. Oliver
writes and illustrates children’s
books about nature. Before she
wrote “Twilight Hunt,” Ms. Oliver
explored the forests where owls live.

The Screech Owl waits. It is silent

and still.
Then noiseless wings take the
hunter home. ❖ Writing Tip
The writer uses precise words
such as flutters and swoops to
tell exactly how animals and
still not moving Before You Continue insects move. Find more precise
noiseless quiet 1. Confirm Predictions Was your prediction words. Say each word as you act
hunter Screech Owl correct? Does the Screech Owl find
food? What happens? out how something moves.
2. Make Inferences Why do you think
the Screech Owl hides from the Great
Horned Owl?
94 Unit 2 95
 1
PART

Think and Respond Reread and Retell

Talk About It Plot

1. What is something from the story that screech owls What happens at the beginning, middle, and end of
do in real life? Read it aloud and then answer. “Twilight Hunt”?
Real screech owls . Beginning-Middle-End Chart

2. Choose an animal from the story. Describe what Beginning

you read about its color , shape , and size in the Screech Owl goes on a hunt. She must find food for her babies.
story.
The is . It has . Middle

3. The Screech Owl hunts for food at twilight. Tell how

the owl does this. End
When the Screech Owl hunts, it .

Now use your chart. Tell your In the beginning, .

Write About It partner the plot, or what In the middle, .
Find your favorite picture happens, in “Twilight Hunt.” At the end, .

in “Twilight Hunt.” Write

a caption to tell what is
happening.
Fluency
Practice reading with the correct
expression. Rate your reading.

This picture shows .

96 Unit 2 97
 absorb animal attract b
verb noun verb
To absorb is to take in or An animal is any living To attract something c
soak up. creature that can breathe means to get it to come
and move around. close. d

1 e
PART

Word Work Making Connections Find out how some

f
g
living things hide in their habitats .
The light from a bulb will h Genre A science article can give facts
Use a Dictionary
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attract a moth to it.
water. can ride. i about living things.
B
adaptation area become j
You can look in a dictionary fornounword meanings.
An adaptation is a feature
noun
An area is a part of a place.
verb
To become means to
k
Use alphabetical order to find the words. Find the
of an animal that helps it
live.
turn into or grow to be
something.
l
m
word adaptation in the dictionary. n

Seek
o

and
Guide words show
p
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adaptation
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listed To in
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page? Where would you find the word attract? 281 r
aid attack belong
281 281 281
verb verb verb s
To aid is to help someone. When animals attack To belong is to be part of a
98 Unit 2 something, it means they group.
t 99
try to hurt it. u
 Habitats Forests
Animals and insects live in different habitats . In a forest, trees give shelter and food. Here,
To stay safe , they use camouflage. This helps a mantis uses its shape to hide in leaves.
them blend into their environments. On the next
A mantis
pages, see if you can find the hidden creatures.
is on this
The waters of plant. Can
the ocean are you find it?
filled with life.

There are many trees in a forest.

praying mantis

use camouflage hide by looking like shelter safe places to live Before You Continue
the things around them
1. Make Inferences How does camouflage
blend into their environments look help animals and insects stay safe ?
like their habitats
2. Predict Look at the headings at the top of
A rain forest gets a lot of rain pages 102–103. What do you think you
will learn on those pages?
each year.
100 Unit 2 101
 Oceans Rain Forests
In the ocean, many animals use color to A rain forest is home to many plants, animals ,
match their habitat. Do you see the goby fish? and insects . Here, a leaf katydid uses its shape
and color to look like a plant. ❖

goby fish leaf katydid

Where is the goby A leaf katydid is hiding .

fish in this photo? Can you find it?

match look like Before You Continue

1. Confirm Prediction What did you learn about
animals and insects on pages 102–103?
Was your prediction correct?
2. Make Inferences How does camouflage help
a leaf katydid to survive ?

102 Unit 2 103

 1
PART

Respond and Extend Grammar and Spelling

Compare Genres Action and Helping Verbs

How are “Twilight Hunt” and “Hide and Seek” the An action verb tells what someone or something does.
same? How are they different? Sometimes a helping verb works with an action verb.
Realistic Fiction Science Article

Forests
Grammar Rules Action and Helping Verbs
In a forest, trees give shelter and food. Here,
a mantis uses its shape to hide in leaves.
For Action Verbs
A mantis
is on this
plant. Can
you find it? • Use -s at the end of an action A Screech Owl hunts.
verb if the subject is he, she, or it. She hunts.
• Do not use -s for I, you, we, or The mother owls hunt.
they. They hunt.
praying mantis
All of a sudden, it is nowhere to
be found.
For Action Verbs with Helping Verbs
• A helping verb comes before A Katydid can vanish.
All of a sudden Just then;
Suddenly
nowhere to be found gone
shelter safe places to live Before You Continue
1. Make Inferences How does camouflage
help animals and insects stay safe ?
the main verb. Katydids can vanish.
2. Predict Look at the headings at the top of

A tree frog might jump.

pages 102–103. What do you think you
will learn on those pages?

101
88

80-95_SE66813_G2U2_C1_F.indd 88 21/01/19 11:11 AM

99-103_SE66813_G2U2_C1_PS.indd 101 14/02/19 11:28 AM
Tree frogs might jump.
tells about things gives facts about
that could really living things
happen Read Action and Helping Verbs
Read these sentences. Find the action and helping verbs.

Lizards can scuttle up the rock.

The Great Horned Owl does not see the Screech Owl.
Talk Together

What does it take to survive ? Draw a picture of an animal in Write Action and Helping Verbs
its habitat . Then tell the class how the animal survives there. Write two sentences that describe what the Screech
Use Key Words as labels. Owl does. Use action and helping verbs. Share your
sentences with a partner.
104 Unit 2 105
 2 Words
PART

Language Focus to Know Science Vocabulary

in
the
Explain use Key Words
Listen and chant. Look at the photos.

Sea Creatures and Chant

Their Features
The firefly squid is tiny but bright.
Its tentacles light up the sea. water
It uses blue light to catch its prey,
But it just looks pretty to me!
A hammerhead shark is twenty feet long. food What do shelter to stay safe
It has teeth in its mouth to tear food. animals
It eats lots of prey, like shy stingray. need?
hammerhead
That hammerhead’s one scary dude. shark

firefly squid to catch prey features that help

them adapt to
their habitat
to hide from
stingray predators

Talk Together

Look at the picture of the giraffe. What features does

a giraffe use to survive?
106 Unit 2 107
 2
PART
PART

Thinking Map Academic Vocabulary

Compare More Key Words

A group is made up of things that are alike. You can use
groups to compare things, or tell how they go together.
attack attract message
verb verb noun
Comparison Chart

Features Creatures
has tentacles

Some animals The light from a You can send a

has sharp teeth attack other bulb will attract message for a
animals to say, moths to it. friend to read.
“Go away!”
recognize seem Talk Together
verb verb
has fins
Make a Vocabulary
Example Chart for
each Key Word.
Then compare
Write ways to Put like things your chart with a
group animals together. partner’s.
here. It’s easy to The game seems Word Definition Example

recognize people hard, but it is

message words sent e-mail
to someone

Talk Together that you know. really easy to else

play.
Choose picture cards of these and other animals. Find ways
that animals are alike. Group them in a comparison chart.
108 Unit 2 109
 2 Language Frames
PART

Reading Strategy
I read .
Talk Together I know .

Learn to Make Inferences Read Maryam’s oral report. Read the

And so .

Look at the two photos. Read the text. Then think of sample inference. Then use Language
what you know about animal adaptations. Put your Frames to tell a partner about your inferences.
ideas together to figure something out, or make an
inference. Oral Report

Tropical Fish
Many people choose tropical fish as pets. Before
buying any fish, you need to find out which fish Sample Inference
make the best pets. “I read that betta fish
attack other fish.
Betta fish are a popular choice. They seem pretty
I know that people
and cheerful. But male bettas are not cheerful at usually keep fish
all! They attack all other fish. Bettas send out a together in aquariums.
When it is in danger, the puffer fish gets big. clear message : “We need space!” And so I know that pet
owners should not put
Pet owners are also attracted to angelfish. You betta fish with other
may recognize them because of their long stripes. fish.”
These shy fish are not like bettas. Wild angelfish
You can make inferences about things you read. use their stripes to hide in long plants. Big fish
cannot catch them. It is a special feature that helps the
little fish survive.
How to Make Inferences

1. Look for details in the text. I read .

2. Think about what you I know .

already know.

Angelfish Betta
3. Put your ideas together. And so .
What else can you
figure out? = A good place to make an inference

110 Unit 2 111

 2
PART

Phonics Focus

Trigraphs: thr, shr, squ Talk Together

Listen and read. Find the words with the trigraphs.

Over to You

throw shrub squid An Interesting Ocean Animal

Squid are in the same family as snails. Their
Work with a
features include a squishy body, eight arms, and
Listen and Learn partner.
two long tentacles. They use their tentacles to catch
prey. Squid throw their tentacles out to catch their Take turns. Say
Listen for the sound of the trigraphs at the beginning a word with thr,
food. Then they use their arms to pull the food into
of the picture words. Choose the word with the same their mouths. They eat fish, other squid, and shrimp. shr, or squ. Your
trigraph that best finishes the sentence. Giant squid can be more than 12 meters long. partner points to
the word.
1. We planted in 2. There are balls. Giant squid live deep in the ocean. It’s very dark
there. They have eyes the size of large dinner plates.
our garden. This helps them see in the deep, dark water.
Squid can defend themselves against predators. The squid
squirts a dark liquid, like ink. This makes them hard to see.
Then they can slip away. They can also push water out of their
bodies. This moves them backward away from the predator.
three truck trust
snack squash skate

3. We had for dinner. 4. I have a spool of .

Practice reading words with trigraphs by reading

slice ship shrimp thread this trunk “An Interesting Ocean Animal” with a partner.

112 Unit 2 113

 NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC
EXCLUSIVE

Read a Science Article

Genre
A science article gives information. This one
tells how some living things survive.

Text Features
Look for headings. They tell what the parts
of the article are about.

heading Lights That Help Mushrooms

Mushrooms have spores. A spore
is like a seed. The mushrooms
spit their spores into the air. The
wind carries the spores to new
places where they grow into new
Living Lights
by Dr. Dennis Desjardin
mushrooms. Professor of Biology, San Francisco State University

114 Unit 2 115

 Set a Purpose
Find out how some living things
use light to survive.
The mushrooms were
bioluminescent.
Lights at My Feet
They could make light.
I was in a forest in Brazil. Strange
I am a scientist. I study
lights were all around my feet. They
mushrooms. I wanted to
looked like stars on the ground.
learn more about them and
They were mushrooms!
other living lights. Turn the
pages to see what I learned.

Here I am studying
mushrooms.

These mushrooms
look different during
the day than they do
at night.
Bioluminescent
mushrooms
These mushrooms
glow in the dark.

glow shine scientist person who learns about plants Before You Continue
and animals
1. Use Text Features Point to the heading.
What does it tell you?
2. Make Inferences What do you think
Dr. Desjardin wants to learn about this
kind of mushroom?

116 Unit 2 117

 Lights That Help Mushrooms
Mushrooms have spores. A spore
is like a seed. The mushrooms
spit their spores into the air. The
wind carries the spores to new
places where they grow into new
mushrooms.

Sometimes insects carry spores to

new places. Light attracts insects.
When they land on the glowing
mushrooms, some spores might
stick to them. When the insects
leave, so do the spores!

This mushroom grows on the

sides of trees. It is from Australia.

a seed the part of a plant Before You Continue

that makes a new plant
1. Identify Details Why do some insects like
bioluminescent mushrooms?
2. Make Inferences What would happen
to the mushrooms without the wind or
insects?

118 Unit 2 119

 Lights That Invite Insects
Some animals make light, too. A Then the glowworm shines its light.
glowworm makes sticky threads, Other insects fly to the light and
like a spider web. It hangs the get stuck in the threads. Then the
threads from the tops of caves. The glowworm eats the insects.
threads make a sticky trap.

Look closer at the

glowworms’ light!

cave

A dark cave is a good place for a glowworm’s trap.

glowworm a kind of insect that makes light Glowworms light up this Before You Continue
sticky threads thin strings that hold on to things cave. They look like stars. 1. Topic What is the main topic, or idea, of
spider web trap a spider makes pages 120–121?
caves large holes in or above the ground 2. Compare How are glowworms and
bioluminescent mushrooms alike?

120 Unit 2 121

 Lights That Send Messages
One kind of beetle called a firefly Sometimes a firefly flashes its light
uses light to talk to other fireflies. to warn of danger. But most of the
The light in its tail blinks on and off. time, fireflies are just trying to find
each other.

A male firefly flashes a light. A

female firefly flashes back to
answer. They keep flashing until they
find each other.

A firefly uses its light

to send a message to
other fireflies.

Flashing lights help fireflies male boy Before You Continue

flashes shines
find other fireflies. 1. Details How do fireflies send messages
female girl to each other?
2. Compare How is a glowworm like a
firefly? How is it different?

122 Unit 2 123

 Lights in the Sea
Many living lights live in the deep Ocean predators often
sea. An anglerfish has a rod on its look up to the surface.
head. The end of the rod glows. They know a dark shape
It attracts small fish. When a fish may be food .
swims to the light—SNAP! The
anglerfish eats it.

rod

This shark looks for dark

shapes in the water.

This anglerfish uses its light to rod long, thin body part surface top of the water Before You Continue
catch fish. 1. Use Text Features Look at the heading.
What is this part of the article about?
2. Predict How might light help some ocean
animals hide from predators ?

124 Unit 2 125

 Lights That Hide Animals
The anglerfish’s light attracts Many animals are bioluminescent.
prey . Other ocean animals use To me, that’s exciting.
light to escape or hide from
There are many questions left to
predators.
answer. Trying to find the answers
Bioluminescent animals are will be a great adventure. ❖
hard to see in the bright
water. So the predator
moves on.

This comb jelly makes

light to scare predators.
Some squids are bioluminescent.

Pinecone fish can also make light.

Some jellyfish are hard to escape get away that’s exciting that is very interesting Before You Continue
see in bright water. moves on leaves great adventure very fun thing to do 1. Explain How does light help ocean
animals escape from some predators ?
2. Details Name three ways some animals
use light to survive in their environments.

126 Unit 2 127

 2
PART

Think and Respond Reread and Summarize

Talk About It Compare

1. What did you learn from the science article? How do different animals use light in “Living Lights”?
Give an example. Comparison Chart

I learned .
How It Uses Light Animal
2. Explain how the anglerfish attracts its prey . to attract prey glowworm
The anglerfish . anglerfish
to send messages
3. Why do some living things use light to attract
insects? Give two reasons from the article.
Some living things want insects for . Others . Now use your comparison chart. Some animals use light to .
Tell a partner about the animals These animals include: .
in “Living Lights.”

Write About It Fluency

Animals use light in many different ways. Think of Practice reading with the correct phrasing. Rate
an animal that uses light. What does the animal use your reading.
light to do? Write a sentence.

use light to .

128 Unit 2 129

 2
PART

Word Work Making Connections Find out ways living things

stand out to survive.
Genre Poems often use words to create pictures
Use Context Clues in your mind. Some poems use rhythm, words that
repeat, or words that rhyme, or have the same
When you read a new word, look at all the words
ending sound.
around it. These context clues can help you figure out

Clever Creatures
the meaning of the new word.

written and illustrated by Douglas Florian

The Firefly
A bright light can attract bugs at night.
On August nights
The bugs want to go near the light.
The firefly lights
Fireflies use
context clues
Blink light to send
messages , such
The words “want to go near” give clues about what ON and OFF as “Come here!”
or “Look out!”
attract means.
Amongst the trees
But have no need
Try It Together
For batteries.
Read these sentences. Look for context clues that
tell what the word prey means.

Small fish can be prey

Clever Creatures Smart Animals Before You Continue
for large fish. The large Amongst Around 1. Details How do fireflies send messages ?
fish try to hunt and eat batteries things that store electricity 2. Poetry Point to and say two words in the
them. poem that rhyme. What picture do you
see in your mind?

130 Unit 2 131

 The Io Moth The Diamondback
The Io moth
Rattlesnake
Has mammoth eyes Fork in front
That are not real— Rattle behind.
They’re a disguise The lump in the middle?
To ward off birds Don’t pay any mind.
And other creatures,
Like garter snakes Scales up high, The sound of the snake’s
rattle tells other animals
And science teachers. Scales down low. to stay away.
The lump in the middle?
You don’t want to know.

Diamonds above,
Diamonds below.
The lump in the middle?
The Io moth’s wings look
A rabbit too slow. ❖
like eyes. These markings
scare away predators .

mammoth very large Don’t pay any mind. Do not think about it. Before You Continue
They’re a disguise They are Scales Hard skin 1. Make Inferences Why do the Io moth’s
markings that help the moth look markings scare predators away?
like something else
2. Clarify What part of the snake is the
ward off scare away “fork in front?”

132 Unit 2 133

 2
PART

Respond and Extend Grammar and Spelling

Compare Genres Verbs be and have

How are “Living Lights” and “Clever Creatures” Forms of the verbs be and have can be used as
different? How are they the same? helping verbs and as main verbs.
Comparison Chart
Grammar Rules Forms of be and have
“Living “Clever
be have
Text Features Lights” Creatures”
Both selections
• For yourself, use am have
is about animals ✔ ✔ have this feature.
• When you talk to one or more are have
includes words Only one
✔ people, use
that rhyme selection has
• For one other person or thing, use is has
has facts this feature.
• For yourself and others, use are have
has photographs
• For other people and things, use are have
has illustrations

You can write a subject and a form of be or have in a

short way. I am = I’m she is = she’s is not = isn’t

Read Forms of be and have

Read these sentences. Find forms of be and have.

Mushrooms have spores. A spore is like a seed.

Talk Together Many animals are bioluminescent. Others aren’t.

What does it take to survive? Talk with a partner. Ask your Write Forms of be and have
partner to name an animal or insect. Then use Key Words
Write two sentences about a plant or animal that
to tell your partner about features it uses to survive.
makes light. Use forms of be and have.
134 Unit 2 135
 Writing Project

Write Like a Scientist Prewrite

1. Choose a Topic Talk with a partner. Think of interesting
Write an Article
animals to write about. Choose two animals that fit into a
Write an article that compares how two animals survive.
group because of how they protect themselves.
Add your article to a class science magazine.
My favorite animal sounds interesting.
Study a Model is . Tell me why you like it.
An article gives facts about a topic. Read Kate’s article
about what porcupines and sea urchins do to survive.
2. Get Organized Porcupines and sea urchins fit into a group.
They are both animals with spikes. Use a comparison chart
Bristly Beasts to show how your animals fit into a group.
by Kate Petrie Comparison Chart
The topic Do you know that some animals use
sentence tells spikes to protect themselves? Both
the main porcupines and sea urchins use spikes Animals with Spikes Porcupines and Sea Urchins
idea of the
to protect themselves.
article. How they use spikes • move spikes toward other animals
The porcupine has sharp quills on its The article
compares
• scare away the animals
tail . When a hungry coyote comes by,
two animals.
the porcupine turns and slaps it in the
The text What the spikes are • sharp
face with its tail . The quills stick. The gives facts like • can stick in other animals
coyote leaves in a hurry! and details
for each
In the oceans, sea urchins also use animal.
spikes. The spikes cover their bodies .
When anything touches the urchin,
Draft
it moves its spikes in that direction . Use your comparison chart to write a draft.
Even hungry animals back off!
• Write a topic sentence that tells your main idea.
• Turn your details into sentences that explain how each
animal protects itself.

136 Unit 2 137

 Writing Project, continued

Use an
apostrophe for
Revise Edit and Proofread contractions
with not, such as
1. Read, Retell, Respond Read your draft aloud to a Work with a partner to edit and proofread didn’t, haven’t,
partner. Your partner retells what you wrote about. your article. Pay special attention to action and weren’t.

Next, talk about ways to make your writing better. and helping verbs. did + not = didn’t

The first animal I don’t understand how . Present

survives by .
On Your Own Make a final copy of your article.
Read it to a friend.
2. Make Changes Think about your partner’s ideas. Use
revision marks to make your changes.
Presentation Tips
• Make sure your topic sentence clearly tells your
main idea. If you are the speaker… If you are the listener…

Did you know that some animals use spikes to protect themselves? Pronounce all important Take notes about what
Animals have to protect themselves. words clearly. you hear.
Pause after each Compare what you
• Add plenty of facts and details to develop the important detail. hear to what you
main idea. already know.
hungry turns and with its tail
When a coyote comes by, the porcupine slaps it in the face.
With a Group Make a science
magazine that has all of your articles. H o w A n im
a ls
Include a picture of each animal. S u r v ive
Use a computer to design a cover
for your magazine.

138 Unit 2 139

 Unit

2 Wrap-Up

Share Your Ideas

Choose one of these ways to share your ideas
about the Big Question.

? Do It! Talk About It!

Big
Question
What does it take
to survive? Play Animal Concentration Make a Riddle
Write ways animals survive Choose an animal from
on one set of cards. Write one of the selections. Tell
the names of different your partner a riddle about
Talk Together
animals and insects on it. See if your partner can
In this unit, you found lots of answers to the Big Question. another set of cards. Mix guess the animal.
Now, use your concept map to discuss the Big Question with the cards and turn them I am bright and hang
over. Match the animals to in caves. What am I? A glowworm!
the class.
the ways they survive.
Concept Map

Write It! Do It!

hide
Write a Scientific Log Make a Nature Show

What do Pretend you are a Pretend to make a

living things scientist. You are studying TV show. It is about
do to survive? an animal from one of amazing animals and
the selections. Draw the how they survive. Choose
animal. Describe what it the animals. Then plan
does to survive. the show and work with
October 12 classmates to present it.
Today, I studied the
amazing Io moth.
140 Unit 2 141