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Unit 18

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48 views

Unit 18

Uploaded by

nuralkalide
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 18

Learning aim: Investigate chemical thermodynamics in order to understand.

spontaneous reactions

Enthalpy & Entropy

In this investigation, the objective is to demonstrate the accurate measuring of enthalpy and
entropy changes. This investigation also requires calculations to be taken in kilojoules per mole
based on the results measured in temperature. I will be talking about 4 different practical
investigations: Dissolving anhydrous sodium carbonate in water, Dissolving ammonium
chloride in water, Combustion of an alcohol (ethanol), Reacting hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide.

1. Compare your enthalpy value to the literature values.

Reaction 1: Dissolving anhydrous sodium carbonate in water.

The literature value was around 25ºC.The enthalpy value after doing the reaction increased
slightly to 26-27 ºC.

Reaction 2: Dissolving ammonium chloride in water.

The literature value of water was also around 25 ºC. The enthalpy value after doing the
reaction increased slightly to 26-27 ºC.

Reaction 3: Combustion of an alcohol (ethanol).

The literal weight of the spirit was around 626.04g. The enthalpy value after doing the
reaction decreased by -3.81g after burning the spirit for 30 seconds.

Reaction 4: Reacting hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.

The literal value was around 28 ºC. The enthalpy value increased by 11 ºC after doing the
experiment.

2. The reason why the literature value is lower than the enthalpy change was because the
reaction was exothermic as the reaction created heat that heated up the water. The third
reaction exerted heat which caused the level of alcohol to decrease due to evaporation
from heat the water also heated up quite a bit from the flame. Errors could have been
made while measuring the temperature as glass thermometers can also measure the
temperature from the container instead of the actual water. Experiment 1 and 2 were
very similar however experiment 3 and 4 was the most different from them all.
3. The reaction may not become complete because the thermometer is improperly placed,
the solution may not be properly mixed and finally not enough readings. In the 3rd
experiment all the energy from the spirit burner burning would not completely go to the
water because some of the energy can be lost in the room. The glass thermometer had
read the temperature of the beaker that had the water inside because it was directly
over the flame.

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