GEOMETRICAL DRAWING

INTRODUCTION
Architectural Learning
• What is Architecture
• How do you learn Designing

• Information
• Knowledge
• Wisdom
SYLLABUS
2014 Syllabus
2021 Syllabus
• MODULE 1 • MODULE 1
• Scale • Triangles, quadrilaterals, trapezoids, regular polygons.
• Conics • Tangent, curves.
• Spirals • Conic sections, spirals, helix,
• Helix • Involutes, cycloids trochoids,
• Plain scale, diagonal scale
• MODULE 2
• Points & Lines • MODULE 2
• Planes • Projection of solids, sections of solid prisms, pyramids,
cylinders cones, spheres
• Solids • Development of surfaces of solids
• MODULE 3 • Intersection of surfaces
• Intersection of solids • MODULE 3
• Sections of solids • Isometric, axonometric and Oblique views
• Development of surfaces • Perspective, one-point, two-point, and 3 point
• MODULE 4 • MODULE 4
• Isometric drawing • Sciography, Shadow of lines, planes, and simple solids
due to near and distant sources.
• Perspective drawing
• Application of sciography on pictorial view
What to expected in class
• Go through your topics notes before you come to
• GOOGLE CLASSROOM your class
• Each one of you should post class notes
• NOTES immediately after the google classroom
• CLASS RECORDINGS • Do your assignments honestly and post on time
• WORKED OUT EXAMPLES • Assignments at least 1 per each topic
• ASSIGNEMENTS
• EXAMINATIONS / TEST PAPERS
University Examinations
• 4 Hour Exam • CORRECTNESS
• ANNOTATION
• DIMENSIONS
• 8 short note question (5 marks each) • NOTES
• All compulsory
• 2 questions each from each module • CLARITY
• 8 x 5 = 40 marks • LINE WEIGHT
• Expects sketches where necessary • NEATNESS

• 8 Drawings
• 2 each from each module. You have to answer one out of
these two
• 4 x 15 = 60 marks
Drawing requirement
• Sample • CORRECTNESS
• Draw projections of line ‘AB’, where point ‘A’ is ‘da’ units • ANNOTATION
in front of Vertical Plane (VP) and ‘ha’ units above
Horizontal Plane (HP); while point ‘B’ is ‘db’ units in front • DIMENSIONS
of Vertical Plane (VP) and ‘hb’ units above Horizontal • NOTES
Plane.
• Question No : 1 • CLARITY
• Note: in this case, ‘da’ = ‘db’ • LINE WEIGHT
b’ • NEATNESS

a’ θ VP
ha

y
x
da (db)

b
a HP
projection of line
 Perpendicular
Bisector
A perpendicular bisector can be defined as a
line segment which intersects another line
perpendicularly and divides it into two equal
parts.
.

Basic geometric constructions

01
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Line bisector
• Given a line segment AB ; Construct the line bisector.

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Line bisector
• Given a line segment AB ; Construct the line bisector.

• Draw two arcs with

center A and B; and
with same radius bigger
than half the length of
AB

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Line bisector
• Given a line segment AB ; Construct the line bisector.

• Draw two arcs with

center A and B; and
with same radius bigger
than half the length of
AB

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Line bisector
• Given a line segment AB ; Construct the line bisector.

• Draw two arcs with

center A and B; and
with same radius bigger
than half the length of
AB
• Join the arc intersection
A O B with a line
• The line intersect the
segment AB at O
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Line bisector
• Given a line segment AB ; Construct the line bisector.

• Draw two arcs with

center A and B; and
with same radius bigger
than half the length of
AB
• Join the arc intersection
90 o
A O B with a line
• The line intersect the
segment AB at O
• The line insect 90th with
AB and hence it is a
perpendicular bisector
of AB
 Perpendicular to a
given line at a given
point on it

02
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular through a given point O on a line.

O
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular through a given point O on a line.

• Draw a circle with center O which

intersects the line at two points A
&B

A O B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular through a given point O on a line.
•
• Draw a circle with center O which
intersects the line at two points A
&B

• Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
A B than half the length of AB
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular through a given point O on a line.

• Draw a circle with center O which

intersects the line at two points A
&B

• Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
A B than half the length of AB
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular through a given point O on a line.

• Draw a circle with center O which

intersects the line at two points A
&B

• Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
90 o
A O B than half the length of AB

• Join the arc intersection with a

line which will passing through the
point O and will be perpendicular
to Line AB
 Perpendicular to a
given line from a
given point outside
of it

03
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular to a line and passing through a given point O outside
of the line.

O
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular to a line and passing through a given point O outside
of the line.
• Draw a circle with center O which
intersects the line at two points A
&B

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular to a line and passing through a given point O outside
of the line.
• Draw a circle with center O which
intersects the line at two points A
&B

O • Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
A B than half the length of AB
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular to a line and passing through a given point O outside
of the line.
• Draw a circle with center O which
intersects the line at two points A
&B

O • Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
A B than half the length of AB
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Perpendicular to a Line
• Construct a perpendicular to a line and passing through a given point O outside
of the line.
• Draw a circle with center O which
intersects the line at two points A
&B

O • Draw two arcs with center A and

B; and with same radius bigger
90 o
A B than half the length of AB

• Join the arc intersection with a

line which will passing through the
point O and will be perpendicular
to Line AB
 Angle bisector

θ/2
θ/2

04
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Angle bisector
• Given a two lines creating and angle θ ; Construct the line bisecting the angle θ.
A

θ
O B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Angle bisector
• Given a two lines creating and angle θ ; Construct the line bisecting the angle θ.
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
intersects the lines OA & OB at C
C & D respectively

θ
O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Angle bisector
• Given a two lines creating and angle θ ; Construct the line bisecting the angle θ.
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
intersects the lines OA & OB at C
C & D respectively
E
• Draw two arcs with center C and
D; and with same radius and
intersects at point E
θ
O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Angle bisector
• Given a two lines creating and angle θ ; Construct the line bisecting the angle θ.
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
intersects the lines OA & OB at C
C & D respectively
E
• Draw two arcs with center C and
D; and with same radius and
intersects at point E

• Draw the line connecting O and E

which will be bisecting the angle θ
O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Angle bisector
• Given a two lines creating and angle θ ; Construct the line bisecting the angle θ.
A

C
E

θ/2
θ/2
O B
D
 60o & 30o angle

30o
30o

05
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 60 0 Angle
• Construct a line 60 0 with a given line

O B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 60 0 Angle
• Construct a line 60 0 with a given line

• Draw a circle with center O and

with any radius “r” intersecting
the lines OB at D

O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 60 0 Angle
• Construct a line 60 0 with a given line

• Draw a circle with center O and

with any radius “r” intersecting
C the lines OB at D

• Draw an arc with center D and

with same radius “r” and
intersecting circle at C

O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 60 0 Angle
• Construct a line 60 0 with a given line
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
with any radius “r” intersecting
C the lines OB at D

• Draw line OA passing through the

points O and C

60o • <AOB = 600

O B
D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 30 0 Angle
• Construct a line 30 0 with a given line
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
with any radius “r” intersecting
C the lines OB at D
E
• Draw line OA passing through the
points O and C

60o • ∠ AOB = 600

• Furthermore, to create 30o angle,

O B create two more circles of same
D radius with centers C and D
intersecting at point E
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 30 0 Angle
• Construct a line 30 0 with a given line
A
• Draw a circle with center O and
with any radius “r” intersecting
C the lines OB at D
E
• Draw line OA passing through the
points O and C

30o • ∠ AOB = 600

30o
• Furthermore, to create 30o angle,
O B create two more circles of same
D radius with centers C and D
intersecting at point E

• Line OE will bisect ∠ A0B

Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Equilateral triangle
• Construct a line 30 0 with a given line
A
• Joining O, C and B will form an
equilateral triangle.
C
E

O B
D
 45o angle

45o

06
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 45 0 Angle
• Construct a line 45 0 with a given line

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 45 0 Angle
• Construct a line 45 0 with a given line

• Draw a perpendicular to AB
passing through a point O

90 o
A O B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 45 0 Angle
• Construct a line 45 0 with a given line

• Draw a perpendicular to AB
passing through a point O
C
• Draw an arc with radius OA and
intersecting the perpendicular line
at C
90 o
A O B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• 45 0 Angle
• Construct a line 45 0 with a given line

• Draw a perpendicular to AB
passing through a point O
C
• Draw an arc with radius OA and
intersecting the perpendicular line
at C
45o 90 o
A B
• The line AC will create an angle of
O 45o with AB
 Congruent Angles
Congruent angles are angles with exactly same
measure.
θ

Basic geometric constructions

07
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Congruent Angles
• Match the given angle

A θ B

Q
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Congruent Angles • Draw an arc with center A intersecting the lines AB
and AC at D and E respectively
• Match the given angle

E P

A θ B
D

Q
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Congruent Angles • Draw an arc with center A intersecting the lines AB
and AC at D and E respectively
• Match the given angle • Draw another angle with same radius with P as
center intersecting the line PQ at S

E P

A θ B
D S

Q
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Congruent Angles • Draw an arc with center A intersecting the lines AB
and AC at D and E respectively
• Match the given angle • Draw another arc with same radius with P as center
intersecting the line PQ at S
• Draw an arc with center S and radius DE intersect
the arc at T
C

E P
T

A θ B
D S

Q
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Congruent Angles • Draw an arc with center A intersecting the lines AB
and AC at D and E respectively
• Match the given angle • Draw another arc with same radius with P as center
intersecting the line PQ at S
• Draw an arc with center S and radius DE intersect
the arc at T
• Connect the points P and T to construct the
C
matching angle θ
E P
T
θ

A θ B
D S

Q
 Line Parallel to a
given line

08
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines • Draw a line passing through the given
point P and intersect the given line (at
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point A) at any angle

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines • Draw a line passing through the given
point P and intersect the given line (at
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point A) at any angle
• Draw an arc with A as center and with
any radius (r) , and intersecting the lines
at points B and C

C A
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines • Draw a line passing through the given
point P and intersect the given line (at
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point A) at any angle
• Draw an arc with A as center and with
any radius (r) , and intersecting the lines
Q at points B and C
• Draw a circle with the same radius r
and with center point P, intersecting the
line at Q as indicated in the figure.
P

C A
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines • Draw a line passing through the given
point P and intersect the given line (at
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point A) at any angle
• Draw an arc with A as center and with
any radius (r) , and intersecting the lines
Q at points B and C
• Draw a circle with the same radius r
and with center point P, intersecting the
line at Q as indicated in the figure.
R P • Draw and arc with Q as center and with
a radius equal to BC, intersecting the
circle at R
B
• In fact, we created vertices of two
congruent triangles PQR and ABC

C A
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines • Draw a line passing through the given
point P and intersect the given line (at
• Line parallel to a given line through a given point A) at any angle
• Draw an arc with A as center and with
any radius (r) , and intersecting the lines
Q at points B and C
• Draw a circle with the same radius r
and with center point P, intersecting the
line at Q as indicated in the figure.
R P • Draw and arc with Q as center and with
a radius equal to BC, intersecting the
circle at R
B
• In fact, we created vertices of two
congruent triangles PQR and ABC
• Join the points P and R, the line PR is
C A parallel to the given line.
 Dividing a line segment
into equal parts
Basic Proportionality theorem by Thales
Any two equiangular triangles, the ratio of any two
corresponding sides is always the same. If two triangles are
similar to each other then,

i) Corresponding angles of both the triangles are equal

ii) Corresponding sides of both the triangles are in
proportion to each other

Basic geometric constructions

09
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
line with center A.

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)

A B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
• Draw two arcs with radius BC and AC and
with A and B respectively.
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
• Draw two arcs with radius BC and AC and
with A and B respectively.
• Let D be the intersecting point of the arcs.
Connect D with A and B.
• [AC==BD & BC==AD]

D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
• Draw two arcs with radius BC and AC and
with A and B respectively.
• Let D be the intersecting point of the arcs.
Connect D with A and B.
• [AC=BD & BC=AD]
• Divide the line BD into 7 equal parts
D marking arc of ‘r’ unit radius as indicated.
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
• Draw two arcs with radius BC and AC and
with A and B respectively.
• Let D be the intersecting point of the arcs.
Connect D with A and B.
• [AC=BD & BC=AD]
• Divide the line BD into 7 equal parts
D marking arc of ‘r’ unit radius as indicated.
• Connect the intersection points of arc and
lines as indicated
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Points and Lines How to divide a given line AB into 7 equal
parts
• Dividing a given line into N equal parts • Draw a line passing through A and at any
angle . Mark an arc with any radius (r) on the
C line with center A.
• Mark six more arcs with same radius ( r) on
the line as indicated. (7 equal division of ‘r’
units each)
• Connect the intersection of last arc and line
A B with the point B forming line BC as
indicated
• Draw two arcs with radius BC and AC and
with A and B respectively.
• Let D be the intersecting point of the arcs.
Connect D with A and B.
• [AC=BD & BC=AD]
• Divide the line BD into 7 equal parts
D marking arc of ‘r’ unit radius as indicated.
• Connect the intersection points of arc and
lines as indicated
 Centre of a Circle

10
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Finding the Center of a given circle
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Finding the Center of a given circle
• Draw a chord AB connecting any two points
B

A
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Finding the Center of a given circle
• Draw a chord AB connecting any two points
B
C • Construct a perpendicular bisector of chord AB
intersecting the circle at C and D

D
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Finding the Center of a given circle
• Draw a chord AB connecting any two points
B
C • Construct a perpendicular bisector of chord AB
intersecting the circle at C and D (Diameter)

• Construct a perpendicular bisector of CD with

midpoint O
A O

D
 Tangents to a Circle
The tangent to a circle is a straight line which
touches the circle at a single point. The point
where the tangent touches a circle is known as
the point of tangency or the point of contact.

Basic geometric constructions

11
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Constructing tangents to a circle from a given point
• Let O be the center of the circle and P be the given
point

O P
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Constructing tangents to a circle from a given point
• Let O be the center of the circle and P be the given • Draw a line connecting O and P
point

O P
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Constructing tangents to a circle from a given point
• Draw a line connecting O and P

• Construct a perpendicular bisection of

line OP

• Mark the midpoint M

O M P
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Constructing tangents to a circle from a given point
• Draw a line connecting O and P

T1 • Construct a perpendicular bisection

of line OP

• Mark the midpoint M

• Draw an arch with Center M and

O M P radius OM

• March the intersecting points of the

arc with the circle as T1 and T2
T2
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Constructing tangents to a circle from a given point
• Draw a line connecting O and P

T1 • Construct a perpendicular bisection

of line OP

• Mark the midpoint M

• Draw an arch with Center M and

O M P radius OM

• March the intersecting points of the

arc with the circle as T1 and T2
T2 • Lines connecting Point P with T1 and
T2 are tangent to the circle.
 Inscribed Circles of
Triangles
Given a triangle, an inscribed circle is the
largest circle contained within the triangle. The
inscribed circle will touch each of the three
sides of the triangle in exactly one point. The
center of the circle inscribed in a triangle is the
incenter of the triangle, the point where the
angle bisectors of the triangle meet.

Basic geometric constructions

12
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
C

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

• Mark the intersection of the bisectors as O

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

• Mark the intersection of the bisectors as O

• Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing

O
through point O

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

• Mark the intersection of the bisectors as O

• Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing

O
through point O

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
P
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

• Mark the intersection of the bisectors as O

• Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing

O
through point O

• Mark the intersecting point of the

perpendicular and Line AC as P

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle A
• Circle inscribed in a given triangle
P
C
• Construct angle bisectors of ∠ A and ∠B

• Mark the intersection of the bisectors as O

• Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing

O
through point O

• Mark the intersecting point of the

perpendicular and Line AC as P

• Construct the inscribed circle with center O

and radius OP

B
 Circumscribed
Circles of Triangles
Given a triangle, the circumscribed circle is the
circle that passes through all three vertices of
the triangle. The center of the circumscribed
circle is the circumcenter of the triangle, the
point where the perpendicular bisectors of the
sides meet.

Basic geometric constructions

13
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Circle circumscribed on a given triangle
A

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Circle circumscribed on a given triangle
• Construct perpendicular bisectors line AB A

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Circle circumscribed on a given triangle
• Construct perpendicular bisectors line AB A
• Construct perpendicular bisectors line BC

• Mark intersecting point of the perpendicular C

lines as O
O

B
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Circle
• Circle circumscribed on a given triangle
• Construct perpendicular bisectors line AB A
• Construct perpendicular bisectors line BC

• Mark intersecting point of the perpendicular C

lines as O
O
• Draw the circle with center O and radius
OA. The circle will be passing through other
vertices ( B and C ) of the triangle as well

B
 Regular pentagon
inscribed in a circle

14
Basic geometric constructions
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center O

O
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a pentagon in a given circle with center O
A • Draw a line passing through the
center and mark intersecting point
A and F

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center O
A • Draw a line passing through the
center and mark intersecting point
A and F

• Draw the perpendicular bisector

of AF passing through O and mark
the point G intersecting the circle.
O
G

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a pentagon in a given circle with center O
A • Draw a line passing through the
center and mark intersecting point
A and F

• Draw the perpendicular bisector

of AF passing through O and mark
the point G intersecting the circle.
O
H • Draw the perpendicular bisector
G
of OG and mark midpoint H.

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center O
A • Draw a line passing through the
center and mark intersecting point
A and F

• Draw the perpendicular bisector

of AF passing through O and mark
the point G intersecting the circle.
O
H • Draw the perpendicular bisector
G
of OG and mark midpoint H. Draw
a circle with H as center and HO
as radius

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center O
A • Draw a line passing through the
center and mark intersecting point
A and F

• Draw the perpendicular bisector

J of AF passing through O and mark
the point G intersecting the circle.
O
H • Draw the perpendicular bisector
G
of OG and mark midpoint H. Draw
a circle with H as center and HO
as radius

• Draw a line connecting F and H.

Extend the line to intersect the
F circle (with center H) at J
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center
• ODraw a line connecting F and H.
Extend the line to intersect the
A circle (with center H) at J

• Construct an arc with center F

and radius FJ intersecting the
given circle at B and E.
E J B
O
H G

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center
• ODraw a line connecting F and H.
Extend the line to intersect the
A circle (with center H) at J

• Construct an arc with center F

and radius FJ intersecting the
given circle at B and E.
E J B
O
H G

F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center
• ODraw a line connecting F and H.
Extend the line to intersect the
A circle (with center H) at J

• Construct an arc with center F

and radius FJ intersecting the
given circle at B and E.
E J B
• Construct an arc with center E
O and radius EA intersecting the
H given circle at D
G

D
F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center
• ODraw a line connecting F and H.
Extend the line to intersect the
A circle (with center H) at J

• Construct an arc with center F

and radius FJ intersecting the
given circle at B and E.
E J B
• Construct an arc with center E
O and radius EA intersecting the
H given circle at D
G
• Construct an arc with center B
and radius BA intersecting the
given circle at C

D C
F
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center
• ODraw a line connecting F and H.
Extend the line to intersect the
A circle (with center H) at J

• Construct an arc with center F

and radius FJ intersecting the
given circle at B and E.
E J B
• Construct an arc with center E
O and radius EA intersecting the
H given circle at D
G
• Construct an arc with center B
and radius BA intersecting the
given circle at C

D C • Join points ABCDE to form the

F regular pentagon
Prerequisites – understanding basic geometric Constructions
• Pentagon
• Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle with center O
A

E J B
O
H G

D C
F
George Jacob P