10Be

MATRIX
Matrices & Determinants Review
1. Diagonal matrix- Square matrix having all elements except its
principal diagonal elements zero.
2 0 07
Eg. A = 0 5 0
0 0 3

2. Scalar matrix - Diagonal matrix with all diagonal elements same.

3. Unit matrix/ldentity matrix - Diagonal matrix having all principal
diagonal elements unity.
2k
4. IfA= then
kA=3 4 3k 4k
5. Product of two matrices A & B of order axb & cxd exists if b =c and
the order of matrix AB will be axd.
6. Transpose of matrix:
Matrix obtained by interchanging rows & columns of a given matrix,
denoted by A' or A.
(A)=A
(AB)'=B'A
|A|= |A'|
7 Determinant:

#A-().det A=|A|= =ad-b.

A square matrix with determinant = 0 is called singular matrix.

a11 a12 a13
If A= az1 az2 a23 then,
a31 a32 a33

az2 az3 a21 az3 a21 az2

det A= a11 a32 a33 -a12| +a13| a1
ag1 ag3 a32
8. Inverse of a matrix: if
If A be a non-singular matrix ie. |A| 0, then other matrix B
such that AB=BA=|, where I is the unit matrix of same order,
then the matrix B is inverse of A or vice versa.
i.e. A'=B
Inverse doesn't exist for singular matrix.
Inverse is possible for square matrix only.
(Ay' =A
(AB)=Ag'
IMA=(Jthen:

)
|A|= ad-bc #0
1
: A'A(Adjoint ofA)=

IfA=(b
c d
then:

AdjointofA =( )
a

9. Important relations on matrices:

A+B=B+A
A-B=A+(-8)
A+0 =0+A=A; O is the null matrix.
AB BA
A(B+C)= AB+AC
Al = IA= A; l is the identity/unit matrix.

PracticeQuestions:
1. The inverse of diagonal matrix is:
a. Diagonal matrix b. Scalar matrix
C. Unit matrix d. Null matrix
2. Ifa 2 x3 matrix is multiplied with is 3 x 3 matrix result will be:
a. 2 x3 matrix b 3x3matrix
C. 2x2 matrix d. 3 x 2 matrix

3. If the rows or columns of determinant are interchanged, then the

determinant:
a. Has same sign b Change its sign
C. Has altered value d. None
 F

I=0 1a
Unit matrix b. Skew matrix
C. Both d. None
0
5. A= 1 4 0 A is an example of
-3 -1 -2
a. Scalar matrix b Rectangular matrix
C. Lower triangular matrix d. Null matrix
6. The co-ordinates of vertices of image of unit square translated by

mati :a. (1,1), (3,6), (4,1), (2,2)

b. (0,0), (4,1), (6,3), (2,2)
C. (0,1), (4,1), (6,2), (2,3)
d. (0,0), (2,1), (3,6), (2,2)

7. Which 2 x 2 matrix transforms unit square o o 1

0 35 2
parallelogram o 1 2 1

a. b

f1 3
C.
L2 1
d.
-1.
Fiadsay I}-]
8.

a b.
[3]
C. d.

9. The inverse

a. 2] b.

C. d.
10.I#A- y Jare inverse to each other, the
value of x is:

C.
1

3
b.
d.
2
4

11.f , 9,thenx=?
a. 1
b.2
C. 3 d. 4

12. Compute the value of of *-1 -x*1 |.

X+1 x+x+1 :
a. 0 b. -2
C. 1 d. 2

13. IfA =|
5 1find |3A-51]=?
a. 40 b. 30
C. 75 d. 100
14. Which of the following is true for matrices?
a. AB = BA b. (A'y'=(A
C. AB'=A'B d. all one false
1
15. #A=( i)the valueof A' - 2A-5lequalto:

a
(;)
C. (0)
b.

d.
() )
16. The matrix of order 2 x 2 for a, = i is:

a.
liJ b.

C.

[) d. [
17. The inverse of which matrix doesn't exist?

a. b.
L1
d.
 18. The matrix having determinant 0 is called:
a. Non-singular matrix b. Singular matrix
c. Adjoint of a matrix d. Identity matrix

19. The determinant of 4 5 6

L7 8 9J
b. 1

C. d. 8

20. Which of the following is false?

a. If two rows of determinant are identical, its value is zero
b. If one row is added to other, the value of determinant changes
C. If any column is multiplied by constantk value of determinant
is also multiplied by k.
d All are true
3 0
21. If| itimes Aisequal to1-A the matrix of A will be:

1 0
a. b.
L 4 1

C. d.

22. For what values of x & y are the matrices

2
& 5y -3 inverse toeachother?
a. (5,3) b. (6,4)
C. (3,5) d. (3,1)
23. Which matrix represents rotation about origin by negative quarter
turn?

a b.

c. d.
 24. The additive inverse of
2 -6
2

a. b. -4
9
6 -2
6 -4 -2 4
C. d.
4 -4 -
JL 10 5 the valueof x & ywillbe:
a. 5,-3 b. 2, - 8
C. 8, 2 d. 3,5
1 0
26. The matrix 0 1 0 |is a type of:
Lo o 1
a Diagonal matrix b. Scalar matrix
C. Identity matrix d. All
27. If A is a singular matrix, then:

A'=
A adj A
adj A
Ib.
(AJ41
C. A'- AL d. None
Afadj A]
bc
28. The value of determinant of 1 ac |is:
L1 c ab
(b- a)(c - b) (a -c) b. (a -b) (b-c) (c- a)
C. (a c) (b- c) (b - a) d. (a - b) (c - d) (c - a)
29. The order of matrix [a bc d] is:
4x1 b. 1x4
C 1x1 d. x4
Answers
1.a 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.c 6.b 7.a 8.d 9.a 10.c
|11.c 12.b 13.c 14.b 15.c 16.b 17.b 18.b |19.a 20.b
|21.c 22.d 23.a |24.a 25.b |26.b 27.d 28.b 29.b
 Chapter22:Matrices

(1) Sum and difference of matrix (A and B) favourable condition is

order of A = order of B
(2) Multiplication of matrices:
Number of columns of A = Number of rows of B
(Q) P is a matrix of orderm *n, Q is a matrix of order n x p; The PQ is a matrix of order .....?
Solution: PQ= Pmgw
= m Xp .. P
(3) Transpose of a matrix:
If A = (a)mxn is a matrix
Then AT = (a)nm

E.g.

Properties
(A)T = A
(A + B)T = AT + BT
(AB)T = BT. AT
(4 Inverse of a matrix:
adj of A
A-1 =
|A|
E.G.: A- »ad,ofA -1)
Properties
A.Al=I= A-'. A
(AB)-! = B-1. A-1
(5) Singular matrix:
Forsingular matrix |A| =0
i.e. for singular matrix A-l doesnot exit.

Questions:

(1) IA- (6) theAS=?

(a) 5A (b) 10A (c) 16A (d) 32A
(2) For which of the following inverse doesnot exist.

)o)
(3) KA-)and B-C.Find A+2B.

(4)
()
Find thę inverse
(d) none

G)
 e
(5) If AB =C exists; then which of the following order of matrices is correct?
(a) Az3, Bss Cs (6) As-z, Bax, Caa
(c) Ass, Ba, Css
neno (d) A«2, B2x, Cu3

ti
(6) Iftwo
matrices
A -( and B-)are equa,
Findy?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5
it (d)2
a singular matrix then find the value of k?

(a) 10 (d) 5

(8) I#A- ), then find the value of A.

(d) none

Solutions:

(1-) A-G-aD -a
AS= (21)5= 32. I5 = 32 1I= 16 x (21) = 16 A

Remember:A= 2n-!,A
(2-d) Inverse doesn't exist if determinant =0 so,

; -4-4-0
(3-a)
A+2B -)()
-(6:3)- )
(4) A-62»|A| -2*2-3x1=1
.. A"A-(Adj A)

(5-d)A igB
G)-G) tee****e*******.snd
=G3

(6-a) A=B

o,
or, y9-59
Comparing both sides, we get

() 2x = 4→ x=2aiby
(ii) x+y=5→y=3
(7-a) For singular matrix, Determinant = 0
Solved examples:

1. IfA -[63 thenA=

[/3 -2/3
1

Ans: (a)
Sol":
JA|=3 x 1-0x (-2) = 3

A'- adj.
A)- - 2/3
2. If A is a matrix of order 2 x 3 and B is a matrix of order 3 x 2 then AB
is of order.
(a)2x3 (b) 2 x 2 (c) 3 x 3 (d) 3 x 2
Ans : (b)
Hint:
Required order = 2 x 2
2 34
3. If A: - 2 3 then A=
4 1 0J

[2 -1 41 3 2 1]
(a) 3 2 1 2 -1 4
4 3 L4 3 0J
2 3 4
(c)| 4 3 0 and
(d) none
L2 -1 4J
Ans : (a)
Sol":
Transpose is a matrix obtained by interchanging it's rows and columns.
 fi 2 3
4. The deterrinant of A = 3 4 5 iS
4 5 6

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3

Ans : (a)
So":
|A|= 1 (4 x6-5x5)-2(3 x6-4x 5) +3 (3 x5-4 x 4)
=1 (24- 25) - 2(-2) +3 (-1) EE

=-1+4 -3
5. I :en d-b
equz
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Ans : (a)
Sol":
Here, a =0, b= 1, c=2, d =3 .:. d -b =3 - 1 =2

Shortcut-tricks
1. IfA is a square matrix then,
() A+A', AA', A'Aaresymmetricmatrices.
(i) A - A' is skew - symmetric matrix.

Objective Questions:

(5 2

1. IfA =3. 2 -7| thentransposeof A (- A) is

-1 0

3 1 5 2 1

(a) 0 2 -1 3
-2 -7 0 -2 -7 -1J
r3 2 -7
(d) none of these
() L1 -1 0
2. TA- hen adjoiatof A(adj.A)is

39)
e ) a()
3. If A andB- andAB A +B thenthevalueof z
is

(a) e)
4.
IfA-2ad B- i ten (A+B)'isequal
(a) A'+ B? (b) A' + 2AB + B²
(c) AB (d) none of these
Is

S. IfA then A + B is equal to:

o[] fi 3 27
(d) none of these

6. If[l x 1]| 2 51 =0 then the value ofx is

L 1s3 2 J
(a) 2 (b)- 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

7. IfA 4 2 then A'-SA- 14lis

oJ

o[1]
 1

8 If A = 5,B=[31-2] then(AB)'isequalto
7

(a) A'B' b) B'A'

c)(AB)Y d) none of these
6
9.
IX+Y= andX -Y- -1] then X is equal to

10. Thesimplified fofm of cosb-sin

cos cos0
sin0 ] +sin sin -cos
i
cos0 sin
is

a [?]
11.
[]
ItA-
2
then (A + A)+ (A-A) isequal to

(a)3 -1 J

(d) none of these

12. IfA- cos20sin20]

-sin20 cos20 then A' is equal to

cos40 sin40 1 cos40 sin40

(a) -sin40 cos40 J (b)sin40 cos40
(c(c)) cos40 -sin40 (d) none of these
sin40 cos40 J
13. IfA-o 0. then
inverse
ofA= (A) is

)
(a)
o()
(d) none of these

14. then (AB) is equal to

(a)A B (b) B'A (c) (BA)! (d) AB

4
15. IHA- ndB - thenthevalue of 2A - 3B is:
-s
a.
15 4 c.
8
-6 15] -6
16. IfA = then the matrix 6A - A' is:

17. IfA= and (AB|=5, the value of x.

a. 2 b. 3 C. -1: d. 1

18. Ifinversematrix A =
thevalue of matrixA.

a
1
b. [2 1]
|1.5 -0.5| at 1.5 0.5 |

2
C
|-0.5 -1.5
 IfA =
5 -7 -16 -6
hematrix X.
19. and AX =
-2 3 7 2

d.
-2 3 -2) 3
l-2

e
cos25° sin25°
20. Evaluate of: is:
sin 65° cos65°
a. -1 b. 1 c. 0 d. 2

Answer Sheet:
Q.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans: c d b b b b a C

Q.N. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans: b a b b b C a b
 Matrix
mxn will be a unit matrix if each element is 1
m=nand eachelement is 1
m=n and each principal diagonal element is 1
m =n each principal diagonal element and remaining elements zero
1. Null matrix of 3rd order is
00 [! 0 0 fo 0 0 fo 1 0
0 1 0
000 0 0 0 01 0

a.
0 0 1 b. |0 0 0
C.
0 0
0 d.
o 1 0
2. Unit matrix is

0I o
.!
fo 0 1 0
0
0
b. d.

3. the value of x and y is.

a. x=2, y = 1 b. X=2, y=«1
C. d. x*.y
4. ,A+ B will be
Row matrix b. scalar matrix
c. column matrix d. Null matrix
5. Number of elements in 3 x 4 matrix is
a. 3 b. 4 C 7 d. 12
-1
6. IfA = L0 -J then A will be

a. b. C d

7.

.
.
a.
3

li2 2 4
2 4]then4Awillbe,

2 4J li2 s 16) d. None

0

8. 1FA -l 2andB= , theorderofABwillbe

a. 3 x3 b. 1 x1 C. 1x3 d. 3 x1

9. , then AB will be,

a. C.

10. A is a row matrix, then A' will be

a. Row matrix b. Column matrix c. Unit matrix d. None of the above

11.
MAsL4
IfA=
5
6 and A + B= 0 then B is

12.
, L246 s 6
a.

The adjoin of a null matrix (square) is

a. Null matrix b. Unit matrix c. Diagonal matrix d. Row matrix
 Set
13. e adjoin of a unit matrix is
a. Unit matrix b. Row matrix C. column matrix d. Null matrix
14. The adjoin of a scalar matrix is
a. Diagonal matrix b. Scalar matrix c. Triangular matrix d. Null matrix
15. Which matrix is a square matrix
2 x 3 b. 3 x 2 C. 3 x3 d. 1 x3