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Estimation of Chloride

How to estimate chloride

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

203 views

Estimation of Chloride

How to estimate chloride

Uploaded by

kavyavashini

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ESTIMATION OF CHLORIDE

Aim
To estimate the amount of chloride ion present in the water sample by Argentometric method
(Mohr’s method)

Introduction
Chloride in the form of chloride (Cl -) ion is one of the major inorganic anions in water and
wastewater. The chloride concentration is higher in wastewater than in raw water because
sodium chloride is a common article of diet and passes unchanged through the digestive
system (Average estimate of excretion: 6 g of chlorides/person/day; additional chloride
burden due to human consumption on wastewater: 15 mg/L). Along the sea coast chloride
may be present in high concentration because of leakage of salt water into the sewage system.
It also may be increased by industrial process.

In potable water, the salty taste produced by chloride concentration is variable and depends
on the chemical composition of water. Some waters containing 250 mg/L Cl - may have a
detectable salty taste if sodium cation is present. On the other hand, the typical salty taste may
be absent in waters containing as much as 1000 mg/L when the predominant cations are
calcium and magnesium. In addition, a high chloride contents may harm metallic pipes and
structures as well as growing plants. The measured chloride ions can be used to know salinity
of different water sources. For brackish water (or sea water or industrial brine solution), it is
an important parameter and indicates the extent of desalting of apparatus required. It also
interferes with COD determination and thus it requires a correction to be made on the basis of
amount present or else a complexing agent, such as HgSO4 can be added.

Principle
Natural water contains chloride ions in the form of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2, and MgCl2. The
concentration of chloride ions more than 250 ppm is not desirable for drinking purposes. This
determination is based on precipitation titration.
When AgNO3solutionis added to the water sample, in presence of K 2CrO4, the chlorides
present in it are precipitated first as AgCl
When all the Cl ions are removed, AgNO3added from the burette will react with K 2CrO4 to
give a reddish brown colour due to silver chromate (Ag2CrO4). This is the end point

Apparatus required:
Burette, conical flask, pipette, measuring cylinder

Reagents required:
Standard Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (0.025 N):
(To be preserved in bottles covered with black paper / cloth)
Dissolve 4.247 g silver nitrate (AgNO3) in distilled water and make up to 1000 ml in a
volumetric flask. Standardize it against 0.0282 N sodium chloride solution. (1.00 ml
of exactly 0.0282 N AgNO3  1.0 ml Cl)
Standard sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (0.025 N):
Dissolve 1.461 g of sodium chloride in chloride-free water in a 1 liter volumetric
flask and dilute to the mark with distilled water.
Potassium chromate indicator solution:
Dissolve 5 g of potassium chromate in 20 ml of distilled water. Add silver nitrate
solution drop-wise until slight red precipitate is formed. Allow to stand for 12 hours.
Filter and dilute the filtrate to 100 ml.

Procedure:
Standardization of silver nitrate
i. Pipette out 10 ml of standard sodium chloride solution in a conical flask and add 2-4
drops of K2CrO4 indicator.
ii. Titrate with silver nitrate solution.
iii. The endpoint is the appearance of red colored precipitate of Ag2CrO4.
iv. Repeat the titration till you get two concordant readings