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Daily Report-04

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Shahid Niaz Apu 200051258
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46 views5 pages

Daily Report-04

Uploaded by

Shahid Niaz Apu 200051258
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DAILY REPORT - 04

TOPIC – DWASA & THEIR WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

 NAME – SHAHID NIAZ APU


 ID- 200051258
 DATE OF SUBMISSION – 08 JUNE, 2024
 ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,GAZIPUR,DHAKA,
BANGLADESH
Introduction
Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is responsible for providing potable water and
managing sewage services in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. This report outlines the treatment
processes employed by DWASA to ensure the delivery of safe and clean drinking water to its residents.
History of Dhaka WASA.

History

The history of the Dhaka city goes back more than 400 years. At the Beginning of the 16th century, the
Mughals, in fact the first, established Dhaka city, and it was then 10 Sq. km in size. Under British rule it
grew to 22 Sq. km and kept expanding during the Pakistan period to 50 Sq. km. Now it is 350-465 Sq. km
in area, and this rapid growth is main challenge for Dhaka WASA. Dhaka city’s current population of 12.5
million people is expected to expand to 21 million by 2025 and to live in an area of about 1,000 Sq. km.
Dhaka lies on the banks of the Buriganga River in central Bangladesh. The expansion of Dhaka city was
mainly in and around the river Buriganga. The canals within the mega city Dhaka and the rivers
surrounding the city were acting as natural drainage system, water reservoir, and the river route. These
canals were Begunbari khal, Segunbagicha khal, Kallayanpur khal, Dholai khal etc. The surrounding rivers
are the Buriganga, the Shitolakhya, the Balu, the Turag, and the Dhaleshari. Since 1953 development of
the Dhaka city was guided by The Town Improvement Act, 1953. In 1959, a master plan was developed
showing an area 320 Sq. km having 0.575 million people, and is called first master plan of the mega city
Dhaka. After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, migration of people to Dhaka city from urban and
rural areas were very high. At the same time the demand for housing, water, electricity, and gas
increased tremendously. In this situation the town improvement plans of 1959 failed to meet the
demand and felt for another master plan. On this background another master plan was developed in
1996, and is called 2nd master plan of Dhaka city. In this plan, the estimated area was 590 Sq. km and
population was estimated 10 million. But the current population of Dhaka City is 12.5 million, which is
2.5 million more than the estimated plan. Actually, the potable drinking water supply was started in
Dhaka City in the year 1874, and that year Nabab Khaja Abdul Ghani established a water treatment plan
in Chadnighat near the bank of the river Buriganga. After that period the piped water was supplied to
city people in the limited way and also sanitation system. After British rule, the then Pakistan
government established Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) for rehabilitation of damaged
water, drainage, and sanitation system for rural and urban people. Dhaka WASA was established in the
year 1963 as an independent organization, under the East Pakistan ordinance XIX. In 1989, the drainage
system of Dhaka city also handed over to Dhaka WASA from DPHE. Again in the year 1990, Water,
Drainage, and Sewerage services of Narayangonj city handed over to Dhaka WASA. Based on the
tremendous geographical expansion and population growth over the last two decades, Dhaka WASA’s
activities have been reorganized by Dhaka WASA Act, 1996. According to this Act, Dhaka WASA is
operating as a semi-autonomous organization under a Board, and the line ministry is the Ministry of
Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (LGRD&C). Ever since its creation in 1963,
Dhaka WASA has been continuously expanding its service domain and upgrading its level of services to
keep pace with the growing demand

Function of Dhaka WASA


Currently Dhaka WASA is functioning with newly approved “Table of Organization & Equipment (TO&E)”
and guided by a Board. The Dhaka WASA Board consists of 13 members including Chairman, and it is
made for formulating policy and providing overall guidelines. A Managing Director and four Deputy
Managing Directors including Chief Engineer & Commercial Manager head the executive management of
Dhaka WASA. The managing director is the chief executive of the organization, and the top-level
positions of the organization were reorganized by the WASA Act, 1996. The organizational structure of
Dhaka WASA is divided into four wings along with the Office of the Chief Executive (Managing Director),
and they are Administration, Finance, Operation & Maintenance, and Research, Planning, &
Development. According to current organogram total manpower in Dhaka WASA is 4,431. But as of June
2011 the number of manpower reduces to 3,294. The present organogram based on service
requirement and considering the geographic expansion of the City was approved in 2009. The current
water supply staff position and its hierarchy at the utility are reflected into the present organogram.
Actually all services (Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage System) of Dhaka WASA is correlated, and
the ratio of manpower engaged in two main streams are Water Supply System (87.6% of total
manpower) and Sewerage System (13.4% of total manpower).

Service Area
The service area of Dhaka WASA covers more than 360 square km with a population of about 12.5
million. At present the service area of Dhaka WASA extended to Mirpur and Uttara in the North and to
Narayanganj in the South. 2010 For better operation, maintenance, and customer care, the total service
area of Dhaka WASA is divided into 11 geographic zones, which includes 10 in Dhaka City and 1 in
Narayanganj. There is an office for each zone, and this office carries out the responsibilities of
engineering, maintenance, and operation as well as revenue activities. So that the respected consumers
can obtain all possible services and counseling from one place.

Mission and Main Responsibilities


The mission of Dhaka WASA is to provide safe and sufficient water for drinking, industrial and
commercial use, to ensure sanitation and good hygienic condition through proper disposal of domestic
and other sewerage, and to ensure efficient storm-water drainage system in Dhaka city.
The main responsibilities of Dhaka WASA are:
a) construction, operation, improvement, and maintenance of the necessary infrastructures for
collecting, treating, preserving, and supplying potable water to the public, industries, and commercial
concerns;
b) construction, operation, improvement, and maintenance of the necessary infrastructures for
collecting, treating, and disposing domestic sewerage and other sewerage; and
c) construction, operation, improvement, and maintenance of the necessary infrastructures for storm
water drainage facilities of the City.

Water Sources
DWASA sources its water from both surface and groundwater.
The main sources include:

 Surface Water: Rivers such as the Sitalakhya, Balu, and Buriganga.


 Groundwater: Deep tube wells spread across the city.
Water Treatment Process
 Intake and Screening
Surface Water: Water is drawn from rivers and directed through intake structures equipped with
screens to remove large debris and aquatic life.
Groundwater: Extracted through deep tube wells and usually requires less initial screening.
 Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulation: Chemicals like alum are added to the water to destabilize suspended particles.
Flocculation: Slow mixing allows the formation of larger particles (flocs) which can be easily removed.
 Sedimentation
Water flows into sedimentation tanks where gravity helps settle the heavy flocs at the bottom, leaving
cleaner water on top.
 Filtration
The clarified water passes through sand and gravel filters to remove remaining suspended particles and
some microorganisms.
 Disinfection
 Chlorination: Chlorine or chlorine compounds are added to kill harmful bacteria and viruses.
Alternative Methods: In some facilities, ultraviolet (UV) light or ozonation is used to ensure microbial
safety.
 pH Adjustment
Chemicals are added to adjust the pH of water to prevent corrosion in the distribution system and to
make it safe for consumption.
 Fluoridation
Fluoride may be added to improve dental health, though this step depends on the specific policies and
needs of the community.

Sewage Treatment Process


 Preliminary Treatment
Screening: Large solids and debris are removed.
Grit Removal: Sand, gravel, and other heavy particles are settled out.
 Primary Treatment
Sedimentation: Suspended solids settle as sludge, while the lighter materials form scum on the surface.
 Secondary Treatment
 Biological Treatment: Microorganisms decompose organic matter in the wastewater.
Activated Sludge Process: Aeration tanks where air is pumped in to support aerobic bacteria that digest
the organic pollutants.
Trickling Filters: Wastewater is sprayed over a bed of stones or plastic media where microorganisms
grow and consume the pollutants.
 Tertiary Treatment
Advanced Filtration: Additional filtration to remove any remaining particles.
Nutrient Removal: Processes to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, which can cause eutrophication in
water bodies.
Disinfection
Similar to water treatment, chlorine or UV light is used to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms.
Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Sludge from primary and secondary treatment is thickened, digested anaerobically, and dewatered
before being safely disposed of or reused as fertilizer.

Quality Control and Monitoring

DWASA employs rigorous quality control measures to ensure water safety and compliance with national
and international standards. Regular sampling and laboratory testing are conducted to monitor physical,
chemical, and microbiological parameters.

Challenges and Improvements


Challenges:
 Rapid urbanization leading to increased water demand.
 Pollution of surface water sources.
 Aging infrastructure and leakage issues.
Improvements:
 Development of new treatment plants.
 Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure.
 Implementation of advanced treatment technologies.
 Community awareness and involvement in water conservation.

Conclusion

DWASA plays a crucial role in providing clean and safe water to Dhaka's residents. Continuous
improvements and addressing the challenges through innovative solutions are essential for sustainable
water management in the growing city.

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