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TD - Heat Dissipation

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16 views19 pages

TD - Heat Dissipation

Uploaded by

Subhradeep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEAT DISSIPATION OF

TRANSFORMER
HEAT TRANSFER
• The losses appear as heat and therefore the temperature of every affected part of the machine rises above
the ambient medium which is normally the surrounding air. The heated parts of an electrical machine
dissipate heat into their surroundings by conduction, and convection assisted by radiation.
NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING
THERMAL STATE IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES
COOLING
Cooling of transformer
oThe coolant used in transformers are air and oil.
oTransformers using air as coolant are called Dry type transformers while
otransformers which use oil as coolant are called Oil immersed transformers.
❖Methods of Cooling of Transformers: the choice of cooling method
depends upon the size, type of application and the type of conditions of
installation sites.
▪ The symbols designated these methods depend upon medium of cooling
used and type of circulation employed.
Medium:- Air-A, Gas-G, Oil-O, Water-W, Solid insulation-S
Circulation:- Natural-N, Forced-F
COOLING SYSTEM
• Cooling of Dry-type transformer
Air Natural (AN), Air Blast (AB)
Cooling of oil immersed transformer
Oil Natural (ON)
Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)
Oil Natural Water Forced (ONWF)
Forced Circulation of Oil (OF)
i. Oil Forced Air Natural (OFAN)
ii. Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)
iii. Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)
DESIGN OF TANK WITH TUBES
• Because of the losses in the transformer core and coil, the temperature of
the core and coil increases.
• In small capacity transformers the surrounding air will cool the
transformer effectively and keeps the temperature rise well with in the
permissible limits.
• As the capacity of the transformer increases, the losses and the
temperature rise increases. In order to keep the temperature rise with in
limits, air may have to be blown over the transformer.
• This is not advisable as the atmospheric air containing moisture, oil
particles etc., may affect the insulation.
• To overcome the problem of atmospheric hazards, the transformer is
placed in a steel tank filled with oil.
• The oil conducts the heat from core and coil to the tank walls. From the
tank walls the heat goes dissipated to surrounding atmosphere due to
radiation and convection.
NUMBER & DIMENSIONS OF TUBES

• If the temperature rise of the tank wall is beyond a permissible value


of about 50 degree centigrade, then cooling tubes are to be added to
reduce the temperature rise.
• With the tubes connected to the tank, dissipation due to radiation
from a part of the tank surface screened by the tubes is zero. So there
is no change in surface as far as dissipation of heat due to radiation is
concerned. Because the oil when get heated up moves up and cold oil
down, circulation of oil in the tubes will be more. Obviously, this
circulation of oil increases the heat dissipation and convection from
the tubes increase by about 35%.

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