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L25 Medieval History by Mahipal Sir - The Sikhs

Medieval

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Vaisakh FSz
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230 views36 pages

L25 Medieval History by Mahipal Sir - The Sikhs

Medieval

Uploaded by

Vaisakh FSz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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©DrMahipalRathore

ABOUT ME

Dr. MAHIPAL SINGH RATHORE

I teach History, Polity and


Current Affairs for UPSC CSE
8 Years of teaching Experience.
Mentor for UPSC aspirants
Follow me on @mahipalsir

For PDF and Lecture Updates,


Join Telegram channel
Pathfinder

Dr. Mahipal Rathore Sir


©DrMahipalRathore
6

MAHIPAL

©DrMahipalRathore
Sikh Gurus
1. Guru Nanak Dev -1469 to 1539

 Guru Nanak Dev, first of the 10 gurus,


founded the Sikh faith, introducing the
concept of one God.

©DrMahipalRathore
 He started the institution of Guru Ka Langar.

 Langar is the term in the Sikh religion refers to the common


kitchen where food is served to everyone without any
discrimination.

 He emphasized the equality of women and rejected the path of


renunciation and he rejected the authority of the Vedas.

 He was the contemporary of Mughal emperors - Babur,


Humayun.

 Started a commune at Kartarpur.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
2. Guru Angad Dev - Guru from 1539 to 1552

 Invented and introduced the Gurmukhi script


(written form of Punjabi language).

 He compiled the writings of Nanak Dev in


Guru Granth Sahib in Gurmukhi Script.

 Popularized and expanded the institution of


Guru ka Langar which was started by Guru
Nanak Dev.

©DrMahipalRathore
3. Guru Amardas Sahib – (1552 to 1574)

 Guru Amardas introduced the Anand


Karaj marriage ceremony for the Sikhs,
replacing the Hindu form.

 He established Manji & Piri system of


religious missions for men and women
respectively.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
3. Guru Amardas Sahib – (1552 to 1574)

 He strengthened the tradition of Guru Ka Langar.

 He also completely abolished amongst the Sikhs, the


custom of Sati and purdah system.

 He was the contemporary of Mughal emperor - Akbar.

©DrMahipalRathore
4. Guru Ram Das - 1574 to 1581
 GuruRam Das, fourth of the 10 gurus,
founded the city of Amritsar. (Ramdaspur)

A pool or sarovar was built in the middle of


the city.

 Hestarted the construction of the famous


Harmandar sahab Gurudwara (Golden
Temple) at Amritsar in 1581

 A MuslimSufi, Mian Mir was called to lay the


cornerstone of the Harmandir Sahib.
©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
Completed 1589

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
1809 – The Harimandir sahab or Darbar Sahib was rebuilt by
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, with marble, copper and gold foil on the
dome of the sanctum (1830); because it had been damaged by
Mughal and Afghan attacks in 18th century.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
5. Guru Arjun Dev 1581 to 1606
 He completed construction of Sri Darbar
Sahib in Amritsar.

 He compiled the Adi Granth, the scriptures


of the Sikhs. Installed it inside the newly
built Harimandir sahab.

 He founded the town of Tarn Taran Sahib

©DrMahipalRathore
 Guru Arjun Dev became the first great
martyr in Sikh history when
Emperor Jahangir ordered his execution.

Reason –
1. Increasing followers of the ‘new’ religion
2. Arjun Dev had blessed Khurau in the civil
war

 Thus, he was hailed as Shaheedan-de-


Sartaj (The crown of martyrs).

©DrMahipalRathore
6. Guru Har Gobind Sahib - Guru from 1606 to 1644

 He was the son of Guru Arjan Dev and was known


as a "soldier saint”.

 He organised a small army and became the first


Guru to take up arms to defend the faith.

 He waged wars against Mughal rulers Jahangir and


Shah Jahan.

©DrMahipalRathore
7. Guru Har Rai Sahib - Guru from 1644
to 1661

 Though he was a man of peace, he never


disbanded the armed sikh warriors who were
earlier maintained by Guru Har Gobind.

 Hegave shelter to Dara Shikoh, when he fled from


Aurangazeb.

 Hecautiously avoided conflict with Emperor


Aurangzeb and devoted his efforts to missionary
work.

©DrMahipalRathore
8. Guru Har Krishan Sahib - 1661 to 1664

 Guru Har Krishan was the youngest of the


Gurus.

 He was installed as Guru at the age of five.

 He was contemporary of Aurangazeb and


summoned to Delhi by him under framed
charges of anti-Islamic blasphemy.

 He died of Small pox at the age of 8.


©DrMahipalRathore
1783 – Gurudwara
Bangla Sahib was
built at the Delhi
bungalow of Raja
Jai Singh I of
Amer, where Guru
Har Krishan
stayed earlier.

©DrMahipalRathore
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib - 1665 to 1675

 Son of 6th Guru – Hargovind.

 He established the town of Anandpur Sahib.

 He opposed the forced conversion of the Hindu


Kashmiri Pandits by Mughal ruler Aurangazeb.

 Consequently, he was beheaded for this.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
Takht Shri Keshgarh Sahib ji/ Gurudwara Anandpur Sahib

©DrMahipalRathore
10. Guru Gobind Singh Sahib
1675 to 1708

 He became Guru after the martyrdom of


his father Guru Tegh Bahadur.

 Hecreated the Khalsa panth in 1699,


changing the Sikhs into a saint-soldier
order for protecting themselves.

 Last Sikh Guru in human form.

 Hepassed the Guruship of the Sikhs to


the Guru Granth Sahib.
©DrMahipalRathore
Shri Hemkund
Sahib of Chamoli,
Uttarakhand is
dedicated to Guru
Gobind Singh.

©DrMahipalRathore
Takht Shri Harmandir Sahib ji/
Takht Shri Patna Sahib was also
built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
to commemorate the
birthplace of Guru Gobind
Singh ji.

©DrMahipalRathore
Takhat Sachkhand
(Nanded,
Maharashtra) is
built where Guru
Gobind Singh ji
died.

Built by Nizam
Nasir ud Daulah (4th
Asaf Jah) on the
request of his
friend Maharaja
Ranjit Singh.

©DrMahipalRathore
11. Guru Granth Sahib
 Guru Granth Sahib (also known as the Adi
Granth) is the scripture of the Sikhs.

 The Granth was written in Gurmukhi script


and it contains the actual words and verses
as uttered by the Sikh Gurus.

 Itis considered the Supreme Spiritual


Authority and Head of the Sikh religion,
rather than any living person.

©DrMahipalRathore
Panj Takht
The five takhts are special
Gurudwaras that are the seat of
authority in Sikhism.

The first and the most important was


established by Guru Hargobind in
1609, 'Akal Takht' (the Throne of the
Timeless God) and is just opposite the
gate of Harmandir Sahib – The Golden
Temple, Amritsar.

©DrMahipalRathore
• Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is situated in the village of
Talwandi Sabo near Bathinda.

• Guru Gobind Singh stayed here for about a year and


compiled the final edition of Guru Granth Sahib also known
as the Damdama Sahib Bir in 1705.

©DrMahipalRathore
The Sikh Misls
• Guru Gobind Singh died in 1708.

• Banda Bahadur then led Sikh struggle against Mughals till 1716.

1713 to 1799 – Misls.

12 Sikh misl (kingdoms) formed in Punjab region.

Acted like a confederacy.

Fought against Afghans(Abdali) and Mughals.


©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
1799 – Ranjit Singh of Sukarchakia Misl
defeated all other misls and united Sikhs
under his empire.

1799 to 1849 – Sikh Empire.

©DrMahipalRathore
Telegram Link:

For PDFs Download


Telegram Channel : Dr. Mahipal Rathore Sir

©DrMahipalRathore

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