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Monthly Progressive Test

Class: XII
Subject: PCMB

Solution
Physics
1. A
Quantization of Charge
2. C
Volume charge density
3. B
ke²/ r² = kqe/(r/2)² =>> (e/q) = 4
4. A
F = eE = 1.6 × 10⁵/10¹⁹ = 16/10¹⁵N
due North
5. C
as E || = 2p/r³ and E^= p/r³
6. D
U = (½)CV² = (½)(CV)V = (½) QV
  = Q²/2C
7. B
C = AÎ0/(d – t) and t = d/2
  = AÎ0/(d/2) = 2AÎ0/d = 2C0
8. D
V = k [(q/r) – (q/r)]
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9. A
micro farad
10. C
For dipole: E proportional to (1/r³), as E = –(dv/dr), so V proportional to(1/r²)
11. D
as 12C/(C + 12) = 3
12. A
F = (surface charge density/2Î0)Q
  = (½)(surface charge density/Î0).Q
  = (½) QE
13. C
potential is scalar but as E = –dv/dr
as well E is vector quantity, therefore dv/dr is vector quantity.
14. D
As work done is zero to move charge on equipotential surface
15. A
C = C0 + C0 + C0 = 3C0
16. A
As E = kq/x²
17. B
Refer the formula
E = kqx/{√(x² + r²)}³
18. C
as E = kq/r² and V = kq/r, so E = V/r
or 30 = 15/r =>> r = 0.5 m
19. C
Common potential = (C1V1+C2 . V2)/(C1 + C2) = (CV + 2CV)/2C
         = (3/2)V

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20. C
As capacitor is disconnected from battery, which is source of supply of charge to
capacitor, so charge remains same.
21. D
as |p| = (q)(2l), direction of dipole is from – q to + q
22. C
in order to attain minimum potential energy, F(net) = qE – qE = 0
23. A
E= lim F/(+ Q0)
+Q0 →0
24. A
R² = p² + p² + 2p² cos120°
gives R = p
25. B
U = –pE cosf where f = 90°,
gives U = 0

Chemistry
26. D
The correct equation of Galvanic cell is Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ® ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
So, blue colour of CuSO4 gradually gets faded. Zinc electrode gets corroded and
concentration of ZnSO4 increases gradually
27. B
More the negative value of Eo , more is the capacity to release electron(s) and
( M n + /M )
its more positive value suggests less capacity to release electron(s) by the metal.
28. B
When a cell is formed then the voltage of the cell does not depend on the mass of the
electrodes. It depends on the concentration of the electrolytes. If concentration of
cathode chamber electrolyte is higher than that in anode chamber.

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29. C
+ +
A | A || B | B
 
∴ Ecell = Eo + − Eo +  = [0.45 − (−1.35)] = +1.80 volt
 (B /B) ( A /A ) 
\ (10.Ecell) = 18
30. D
The Ecell value does not depend on the number of electron(s) transferred and it depends
on the values of Eocathode and Eoanode .
31. A
Metallic conduction is associated only with electron transfer from one end to other
without facing either oxidation or reduction of the conductor.
32. C
Salt bridge is used in Daniel cell and it minimizes the liquid - liquid junction potential
value. The salt bridge acts as an electrical contact between two half cell.
33. A
Due to higher ionic character of CuSO4, the rate of electricity conduction is higher than
CCl4.
34. A
Platinum is weak metal and it does not react with either electrolytes or products.
35. B
When temperature is changed then concentration of the electrolytes change sharply.
So, temperature remains constant.
36. C
Ohm’s law is associated with voltage, current and resistance and hence it is associated
with all types electrical processes.
37. B
 + 2−
H2SO4  2H + SO4
2H+ + 2e− →
 H2
+
now, H will accept electron(s) from those elements which have negative value of
E o n+ as they are strong reducing agents. Hence, metal A and metal C can release
(M /M )
H2 gas from dilute H2SO4.
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38. C
 
∴ Ecell = Eo 2+ − Eo +  = [−0.76 − (−2.7)] = +1.94 volt
 (Zn /Zn) ( Na /Na ) 
39. C
If salt bridge is removed then the circuit ends. Hence, neither electron nor current flow
in the system
40. D
Electron releasing capacity
41. C
i1.C1 = C2
C 0.01
∴ i1 = 2 = = 2.5
C1 0.004
 2 Na+ + SO24−    (n = 3)
Na 2SO4 →
i −1
a=
 
n −1
2.5 −1
∴ a=
3 −1
\ a = 0.75
\ 75% dissociated
42. A
E
−RTa
k = A.e
So, activation energy is associated only with reaction rate constant, not with the
equilibrium constant.
43. A
Rate = k.[A].[B]
When volume of the vessel becomes one forth then concentration becomes 4 times.
(rate)1 = k.[4A].[4B]
  
\ (rate)1 = 16k.[A].[B]
\ (rate)1 = 16.(rate)

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44. C
Catalyst can change the reaction rate constant value but cannot change the equilibrium
constant of a reaction.
45. C
Strong solute - solvent attractive interaction is generated when sugar is added to water.
Hence, higher temperature is needed for breaking the solute - solvent interaction. Thus
boiling point increases.
46. C
Glass does not react with the electrolyte. Hence, the reaction can occur spontaneously.
47. A
More the negative value of Eo n+ means the ion is not a good electron acceptor i.e.
( M /M )
oxidising agent.
Now, more the positive value suggests good electron accepting ion.
48. B
More the positive value of E°, more is electron accepting capacity. Now, E° value of
dichromate is less positive than that of chlorine. So, K2Cr2O7 cannot oxidise HCl into
Cl2.
49. C
50. C
Standard reduction potential does not depend on the mass of the system. So, it is
an intensive property while resistance depends on mass of the system hence it is an
extensive property.

Mathematics
51. B
The given function is continuous ∀ x Î R
\ It is continuous at x = 0.
sin(p + 1) x + sin x
Now, lim
x →0− x
sin(p + 1) x sin x
  = lim ×(p + 1) + lim
x →0 − (p + 1) x x →0− x
  = p + 1 + 1 = p + 2
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x + x2 − x
 
lim
x →0+ x 3/2
1 + x −1
= lim
x →0+ x
1 1
= lim =
x →0+ 1+ x +1 2
f (0) = q
 
1 −3 1
\ p +2= =q ⇒ p = and q =
2 2 2

52. C
 −7 
f ( x ) = [ x ], x ∈  , 100
 2 
This function is discontinuous for all integral values of x.

 −7 
Number of integers in the interval  , 100 = 103
2
\ The number of discontinuities = 103
53. C
p
tan x is undefined for x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ I
2
p
\ The points of discontinuity of tan x are x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ I
2
54. B
1 − cos lx
f (x) = , x ≠0
x sin x
1
   = , x = 0
2
1 − cos lx l sin lx
lim = lim
x →0 x sin x x →0 sin x + x cos x
l 2 cos lx
      = lim
x →0 cos x + cos x − x sin x

l2
      =
2

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1
f ( 0) =
2
l2 1
∴ = ⇒ l = ±1
2 2
55. D
x− | x |
f (x) =
x
\ f (x) = 0, x > 0
    = 2 ; x < 0
Let x = c > 0 \ lim f ( x ) = lim 0 = 0
x →c x →c
         f (c) = 0
\ f (x) is continuous ∀ c > 0
Let x = c < 0 \ lim f ( x ) = lim 2 = 2
x →c x →c
         f (c) = 2
\ f (x) is continuous ∀ c < 0
Let x = c = 0 lim f ( x ) = lim 0 = 0
x →0+ x →0+
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 = 2
x →0− x →0−
  f (0) is not defined.
\ f (x) is not continuous at x = 0
\ f (x) is continuous ∀x except x = 0

56. C
f (x) = x ; x is rational
   = 1 – x ; x is irrational
Case 1 : When x Î Q
1
    lim1 f ( x ) = lim1 x =
x→ 2 x→ 2 2

Case 2: When x Î Q , lim f ( x ) = lim 1 − x = 1 − 1 = 1

x→ 1 x→ 1 2 2
2 2

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1 1
    f  2  = 2
1
\ f(x) is continuous at x =
2
57. B
1 + px − 1 − px
f (x) = , −1 ≤ x < 0
x
2x +1
   = , 0≤ x ≤1
x −2
The given function is continuous in [–1, 1].
\ It is continuous at x = 0.
2x +1 1
lim f ( x ) = lim =−
x →0+ x →0+ x − 2 2
1 + px − 1 − px
lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0− x →0− x
2p
     = lim
x →0− 1 + px + 1 − px
    = p
1
f (0) =−
2
1
∴ p =−
2
58. B
log(1 + ax ) − log(1 − bx )
lim
x →0 x

log(1 + ax ) log(1 − bx )
= lim ×a + lim ×b
x →0 ax x →0 −bx
=a+b
f (0) = K \ K=a+b
59. C
1
f ( x ) = | x | cos + 15 x 3 ; x ≠ 0
x
  = K      ; x = 0

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1
lim f ( x ) = lim x cos + 15 x 3
x →0+ x →0+ x
     = 0
1
lim f ( x ) = lim − x cos + 15 x 3
x →0− x →0− x

     = 0
f (0) = K
\ K=0
60. A
f (x) = x + 2 ; x < 0
2
   = – x – 2, 0 £ x < 1
   = x    ,   x ³ 1
\ g(x) = |f (x)| = – x – 2 ; x<–2
      = x + 2    ; –2£x<0
2
      = x + 2    ;   0 £ x < 1
      = x    ;   x ³ 1
lim g ( x ) = lim − x − 2 = 2 − 2 = 0
x →−2− x →−2−
lim g ( x ) = lim x + 2 =−2 + 2 = 0
x →−2+ x →−2+

   g (–2) = –2 + 2 = 0
\ g(x) is continuous at x = – 2
lim g ( x ) = lim x + 2 = 2
x →0+ x →0+

lim g ( x ) = lim x + 2 = 2
x →0− x →0−
  g(0) = 2
\ g(x) is continuous at x = 0
lim g ( x ) = lim x 2 + 2 = 3
x →1− x →1−
lim g ( x ) = lim x = 1
x →1+ x →1+

  g(1) = 1
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\ g(x) is not continuous at x = 1
\ number of points of discontinuity = 1
61. B
Given, f (0) = k
¥
lim f ( x ) = lim (cos x )1/sin x   [1 form]
x →0 x →0
1
logcos xlim
    = e x →0 x
sin
0
    = e = 1
For f (x) to be continuous at x = 0, k = 1.
62. C
(27 − 2 x )1/3 − (27)1/3
(−2 x )
(27 − 2 x )1/3 − (27)1/3 (27 − 2 x ) − 27
lim f ( x ) = lim = lim
x →0 x →0 3[3 − (243 + 5 x )1/5 ] x →0  (243 + 5 x )1/5 − (243)1/5 
−3  .5 x 
 243 + 5 x − 243 
1 −2/3
2 3 (27) 2 5 1
     = = . . .81 = 2
1
15 (243)−4/5 15 3 9
5
63. D
Let k is integer
2 2
f (k) = 0, f (k – 0) = (k – 1) – (k – 1) = 2 – 2k
2 2
f (k + 0) = k – (k ) = 0
If f (x) is continuous at x = k, then 2 – 2k = 0 Þ k = 1

64. A
Case-1: When x = a Î Q
lim f ( x ) = lim 5 x = 5a
x →a x →a
Case-2: When x = a Î R – Q
lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 + 6 = a 2 + 6
x →a x →a
2
f (x) is continuous when 5a = a + 6 Þ a = 2, 3

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65. D
Since, f (x) is continuous at x = 0
∴ lim f ( x ) = f (0)
x →0

−e x + 2 x
⇒ lim = f ( 0)
x →0 x

−e x + 2 x log 2
⇒ lim = f (0)    [by L ‘Hospital’s rule]
x →0 1
Þ f (0) = – 1 + log2
66. A
Reflexive but not symmetric
67. A
  3   p 1 p
sin−1 cossin−1  = sin−1 cos  = sin−1   =
 
 2   3  2 6

68. A
0 1
A= 
1 0
0 1
 0 1 1 0
A2 =     =  
1 0
1 0 0 1
 1 0  1 0  1 0
A 4 = A2 × A2 =     =  
0 1 0 1 0 1

69. B
a 0 0 
 
A =  0 a 0  ∴ | adj A | = | A |3−1 = | A |2
 
0 0 a
  6
           = a
70. A
y
1 2 x  
A=   , B = x
3 −1 2  
1
 

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y
1 2 x  
AB =   x
3 −1 2  
1
 
 y + 2x + x 6 
  =   =  
 3 y − x + 2  8
Þ 3x + y = 6 and 3y – x = 6
\ 3x + y = 3y – x
Þ 4x = 2y
Þ 2x = y
71. D
x2
f (x) = 2x , g (x) = +1
2
x2
g (x) +1
∴ = 2 which can be discontinuous function.
f (x) 2x
72. C
4− x2 4− x2
f (x) =
  =
4x − x3 x (4 − x 2 )
\ Points of discontinuity are 0, 2, –2.
73. A
1
lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 sin   = 0
x →0 x →0 x
\ f (0) = 0 if f (x) is continuous at x = 0
74. C
lim f ( x ) = lim sin x + n = n + 1
+ +
x → p2 x → p2 p
lim f ( x ) = lim mx + 1 = m + 1
p− p− 2
x→ 2 x→ 2

p p
  f   = m + 1
2 2
p
∴ n +1 = m +1
2
p
⇒ n =m
2
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75. B
4 + x −2
f (x) =
  ; x ≠0
x
x 1
 lim f ( x ) = lim =
x →0 x →0 x ( 4 + x + 2) 4
1
∴ f ( 0) =
4
Biology
76. D
Flocs significantly increase the BOD of the sewage
Flocs decrease the BOD
77. D
H2O
78. D
All of the above
79. D
To make plants resistant to insects
The plants produce a toxin that kills insects
80. A
Azotobacter
81. A
A-Sludge tank, B – Gas holder, C- Slurry
82. A
Dung + water
83. C
Integrated Pest Management
84. B
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Its an yeast used commercially in bakeries and breweries
85. A
Phosphate
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86. B
Viola
87. D
They turn to seed coats
88. A
GIFT
89. C
Middle piece
90. B
Cryptorchidism
91. A
Sporopollenin
Due to absence of sporopollenin, the pollen grain germinates as a pollen tube through
the germ pores.
92. B
Arctic Tundra
93. D
All of the above
94. C
Pericarp
95. C
Both A and B
96. A
Haploid
It is formed by meiosis 1 in oogenesis
97. D
Parturition
98. C
72
99. D
MTP
100. A
GIFT

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