PAPER INTERMEDIATED WRITING

ABOUT: ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT

Lecturer : Jusmin H.J. Wahid.,S.Pd.,M.Pd.BI.

Arranged By:

Fani Ode Ardi

FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF NORTH MALUKU

2023
 PREAFACE

First of all, the writer would like to thanks the grace of Allah SWT. For the grace so
that the outhor can complete this paper on time. In this paper I will discuss
“ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT”.

The purpose of the writer is to fulfill the duties of the lecture,”Mr.JUSMIN H.J.
WAHID S.Pd.,M.Pd.,BI. As the subject. In the prepation of this paper , I hope there are
criticisms, suggestion and input.

The writer realizes that this paper is far from perfect therefore, constructive are
expected, the author also hopes that this paper is useful for anyone.

Ternate , 20 Mei 2023

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ....................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................ii

CHAPTHER I DISCUSSION
A. What is Argumentative Text .......................................................................1
a. How is an Structure Argumentative Text.......................................1
b. How to write and Argumentative Teks in Teaching .......................1
c. How to write argumentative text in english ..................................3
d. How to Write an Argumentative Essay Outline…………………..4

CHAPTHER II CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion ......................................................................................9

REFERENCES

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 CHAPTHER I
DISCUSSION

A. DEFENITION ARGUMENTATIVE
What is an argumentative text?

An argumentative text is one of the most common types of text and is characterised by trying
to persuade the reader of an idea by providing arguments. Writing such a text is a common task
in language-learning, and is widely used as an assessment tool in official exams. Normally,
specific guidelines have to be followed, although these may change according to the context.
The general features of an argumentative text are:
a. It champions a specific position.
b. It offers data and arguments to defend that position.
c. It takes opposing arguments into account, and discusses these.
d. It can deal with a wide variety of topics.

a. How is an argumentative text structured?

The aim of an argumentative text is to put forward a viewpoint clearly and simply, supported
by data and a logical conclusion to back it up. To do this, follow the structure below:

Introduction: briefly explain the subject matter dealt with in the text and provide the
necessary background, so the reader can understand your position. The introduction presents the
thesis, which is the main idea argued for in the text.

Body of the argument: this usually consists of three or more paragraphs where the reasoning
and data that support your point of view are outlined. Each paragraph should focus on a different
idea and should begin by clearly establishing the theme you wish to develop. The opposing
arguments that you'll be refuting should be included here along with your own, although the
order will depend on the approach you take.

Conclusion: this last paragraph should focus on the final argumentation underpinning the
thesis, synthesising the most important arguments as developed in the preceding paragraphs.
Here, you should avoid including new ideas, and instead highlight the fundamental points in
favour of your argument.
b. how to write and argumentative teks in teaching
a. Topic Choice
When teaching a persuasive essay, you should make sure your students are clear on its purpose
– to persuade or convince the reader that the position the writer takes is correct.
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 This differs from other types of essays where the goal is to present information or show
how something is similar to or different from something else. The persuasive essay is all about
changing someone’s mind.
Some topics are better suited to this type of essay, topics that can be logically argued with
facts, examples, expert opinions or logical reasoning. Still, they must be a topic on which
someone can take an opposing viewpoint. Some writers may be tempted to choose a matter of
preference or faith, but these do not make good topics for the argument essay since it is highly
unlikely the writer will be able to alter the beliefs of the reader, so encourage your students to
stay away from issues of faith or preference, like ‘heaven is or isn’t real’ (since they cannot
prove it,) and to gravitate toward questions they can support, such as ‘students should be able to
choose their own college courses’.

b. The Opposition
Though making assumptions is usually a bad idea, your students should start the argument
essay with some assumptions about their readers. Since convincing the reader is the primary
purpose of the essay, your students need to think about the person for whom they are writing,
their audience. Knowing the audience can make the difference between a tolerable and a
compelling essay. Your students should assume that the writer disagrees with the positions they
are taking on their topic but they should not assume that the reader unintelligent. There would be
no purpose to writing this type of essay if the reader already agreed with the writer’s position,
but if the writer treats the reader as though he is less intelligent, the piece will have a
condescending and offensive tone throughout. It is also important that your students think about
why the reader holds the opposite point of view. This will be very important when it comes to
writing the refutation.

c. The Arguments
To prepare to write the persuasive essay, challenge your students to make two lists. One list
should be reasons that they hold their opinion (or the pro side of the argument), and the other list
should be reasons that the opposition holds their opinion about the issue (or the con side of the
argument). If you are teaching a simple argument essay, the list of pros should be longer than the
list of cons. If this is not the case, you may need to encourage your student to change to the other
side of the argument.
Your students can start with any style introduction that seems most effective, but the body of the
essay should be rather straightforward. The writer should choose between two and four of the
most convincing arguments and write one paragraph about each. It is very important that he
supports his opinion with objective proof – facts, statistics, typical examples, and opinions of
established experts – and not just statements of his own beliefs and opinions. Without this type
of support, the argument will not be convincing. If you are teaching advanced students, this
might be a natural place to look at logical fallacies and how to avoid them in this type of essay.
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Once the body paragraphs are written, have your students arrange their arguments in order –
weakest to strongest – and end with the most compelling of the arguments.

d. The Refutation
In this type of essay, just as important as arguing your points is arguing against the points of
the opposition. When writing this type of essay, your students should not only show why they are
right but also why the opposition is wrong. This part of the essay is called the refutation.
Looking at the list of the reasons against their arguments, tell your students to choose the
strongest point the opposite site might present. Then challenge them to think about why this
argument is invalid. A strong refutation will address the argument and prove it is not logical,
there is a better answer, or it is not true.
Your students should spend one paragraph on the refutation, and it should come after the
arguments in favor of their positions on the topic.
c. How to write an argumentative text in English

a.Introduction

The introduction should be concise. This is not the time to develop in-depth arguments or
contrast different points of view. The main purpose here is to establish a state of play (a
summary of the current situation), which helps us to understand the text without entering into too
much detail, while also clarifying the subject matter and stance to be taken. Key features of this
opening paragraph are:
a. Precision
b. Brevity
c. Effectiveness
In the introduction, you should provoke a reaction from the reader, whether this be to predispose
them towards your argument, generate interest, or anything else. There are many ways to
generate interest in the reader, from opening your text with a question and its answer (at the start
or end) to beginning with a specific fact and outlining the reasons why it is important. There is a
wide range of tools that can be useful to achieve the desired effect. It is also highly
recommendable to use short, concise sentences when you still haven't mastered the language.
b. First paragraph of the body
The first paragraph sets out the opinion that you're going to try to refute. Although there are
other ways to organise an argumentative text, this is one of the most common.
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It's important to focus only on the issues that will be discussed in the text itself and not to leave
any loose
ends,since the purpose of these opposing arguments is to spark a dialogue with matters or ideas
you intend to develop.
One common approach to outline these ideas is to use conjunctions of opposition such
as although or even though. The key to this first paragraph is to present the arguments in order of
priority (and bearing in mind how they relate to one another) to later discuss them in the same
order.
c.The second and subsequent paragraphs
The second paragraph is where arguments presented in the first are refuted. If the paragraph is
too long or you need new arguments or ideas for your discussion, you can separate it into as
many paragraphs as you need.

Here, the important thing is to present the arguments and data that you will use to support your
opinion.

Any paragraphs following this one should also include arguments in favour, without the need to
contrast them with others. Look for new ideas to include in support of your stance, and continue
the discussion in the third and successive paragraphs. Remember to always follow a logical
order, maintaining the order of ideas set out previously, connecting them to themes to one
another and opening new paragraphs for each change of idea.

d. Conclusion and closing

Here, you will need to make another major impact like the one in the introduction. Although this
time you can write a little more, try to reach your reader emotionally and highlight the most
important points developed in the main body of your text. This is not the place to include new
ideas. Instead, focus on summarising and creating the desired effect on the reader, so that your
argument is better established and the main points stand out above others.

Following a structure is the first step to writing a sound argumentative text, an essential practice
in the process of learning any new language such as English. With this aim in mind, and to help
people progress, overcome the challenges posed by the fourth industrial revolution and grow in
an inclusive and sustainable way, Banco Santander is committed to three key concepts to boost
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d. How to Write an Argumentative Essay Outline

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that uses logical evidence and empirical data
to convince readers of a particular position on a topic.
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Of course, drafting an argumentative essay outline can be just as daunting as actually
writing one. Choosing topics is one thing, but organizing your thesis, research, reasoning, and
conclusion is a whole other endeavor—and that’s all before beginning the first draft!
 So in this quick guide, we explain how to make an effective argumentative essay outline,
covering all three major formats: Classical (Aristotelian), Rogerian, and Toulmin. We’ll also
include argumentative essay outline examples and templates to help you understand what works.

a. How is an argumentative essay structured?

An argumentative essay uses facts, data, and logical reasoning to substantiate a specific
stance on any given topic. They are typically structured to “build an argument,” with a
clear thesis statement, unambiguous conclusion, and as much evidential support as needed.
While all seven types of essays follow the same introduction-body-conclusion structure,
argumentative essays tend to be more complex to fit all the necessary components of a
convincing argument. For example, you may want to dissect opposing points of view to
strengthen your own argument, but where would you put that section? Before your argument?
After? Intermingled throughout the essay with each new piece of evidence?

There’s no one right way to structure an argumentative essay; it depends on your topic,
opposing viewpoints, and the readers, among other things. In fact, to accommodate different
types of argumentative essay styles, three methods have emerged as the go-to formats: Classical
(Aristotelian), Rogerian, and Toulmin, explained below.

b. How to create an argumentative essay outline

Knowing how to write an outline is just half the battle. Because an argumentative essay
outline requires extra structure and organization, it often requires more extensive planning than
the standard essay outline. After all, the goal is to present the best argument for your topic, so
you need to make sure each section is in the optimal place.
Classical (Aristotelian)
Rogerian
When to use it: both sides make valid arguments; your readers are sympathetic to the
opposing positionThe Rogerian format gives ample respect to opposing stances, making it a great
“middle-ground” approach for representing both sides. This method is ideal if your thesis is a
compromise between conflicting positions or an attempt to unify them.
Likewise, this format is best if you’re writing for readers who are already biased toward an
opposing position, such as if you’re arguing against societal norms.

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methodical and detailed nature, it works best for breaking down a complicated thesis into
digestible portions. .

Let’s look at the details in this argumentative essay outline example for the Classical or
Aristotelian format.
 a. Introduction
a.Open with a hook, something to keep the reader interested enough to read
until the conclusion (known as exordium)
b. Give any background information or context necessary to
understand the topic (known as narratio)
c.Provide a thesis statement explaining your stance and why you feel that
way (known as proposito and partitio)
b. First reason

a. Start with the least controversial reason to support your argument, explaining your point
clearly as an overview

a. First evidential support of your reason (known as confirmatio)

b. Second evidential support of your reason, then third, and so on

c. Summarize your first reason again and tie it together with evidential support Second
reason, etc.

a. Continue to list your reasons in the same format as the first. List your reasons from least
to most controversial
b. First opposing point of view

Explain the reasoning of the opposing side. Point out their defenses and evidence—what
would they say if they were writing the essay?

a. Point out weaknesses and inconsistencies in their argument

b. Refute their points with evidential support (known as refutatio)
c. Reinforce your position as the more reasonable position

A. Second opposing point of view, etc.

Continue to present and refute opposing points of view in the same format as the first

d. Conclusion

a.Reiterate your position and thesis statement, drawing on your strongest

evidential support and rebuttals of opposing points (known as peroratio)
b. Wrap everything up with a thought-provoking ending or call to
action (a suggestion you want the reader to take)

e. Rogerian argumentative essay outline template

 Of all formats, Rogerian gives the most attention to opposing arguments. Its goal is to
create a middle ground between two arguments, pointing out the validity of each and finding a
way to unify them as one. If positions on a particular topic are too polarized or unable to coexist,
this format won’t work.

Let’s take a closer look at the Rogerian argumentative essay outline example below and notice
the concessions for opposing points of view.
A. Introduction
a. State the problem that needs to be solved and any context necessary for understanding
it
b. Explain the ideal solutions from your position as well as the ideal solutions from
opposing positions (and point out any overlap)
c. Make your thesis statement

B. Summarize the opposing position

Summarize the opposition’s point of view respectfully; consider their defense and reasoning
a. Present evidential support for the opposing position
b. Comment on or refute their support
Follow the same format for additional opposing points of view
C. Validate the opposing position
A. Show that you understand and/or sympathize with the opposing position
a. Explain the context and reasoning behind your opposition’s perspective
b. Elaborate on the evidence and data from opposing positions
B. Affirm the areas in which you agree with the opposition

The argumentative essay outline example below shows the recommended order in which to put
these elements:

A. Introduction

a. Open with a hook, if you can, to garner interest

b. Explain the topic and its necessary context
c. Make your thesis statement

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c. How is an argumentative essay structured?
Argumentative essays typically include an explanation of the writer’s position (thesis), evidence
supporting that thesis, opposing points of view, and rebuttals against that opposition. The order
in which these sections are presented, however, depends on the format.

d. What are some common ways to organize an argumentative essay outline?

The most straightforward approach to an argumentative essay outline is to first present your
position, including the evidence and reasoning to back it up, and then address the opposing
points of view. However, the more complex the topic, the more layers must be added to the
outline.

CHAPTHER II
CONCLUSION

A. CONCLUSION

An argumentative essay aims to prove one side of a debatable topic. Argumentative essays
are used in academia, as well as in research. This type of essay focuses on researching a topic
and evaluating claims associated with the topic. The author will work to prove their point using
sound evidence throughout the body paragraphs.

The last paragraph of the argumentative essay is the conclusion paragraph.

The conclusion paragraph is essential, as it wraps up the entire essay and the viewpoint that the
author has chosen to prove. The conclusion is the author's lasting impression on the reader. It is
an essential component of the argumentative essay

The final paragraph of an essay that signals to the reader the closure of the argument.
When beginning the conclusion, it is essential to link the paragraph back to the introduction, and
the thesis statement.

REFERENCES

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examples.html#:~:text=The structure. html#:
https://busyteacher.org/9359-how-to-teach-argumentative-essay-writing.html

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-good-argumentative-essay

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/argumentative-essay-outline/#:~:text=point%20of
%20view.-,How%20is%20an%20argumentative%20essay%20structured%3F,however%2C
%20dep

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