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Experiment 2

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Mark Aromin
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38 views10 pages

Experiment 2

Uploaded by

Mark Aromin
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OBJECTIVES:

To study the I-V characteristics of an SCR and determine the break over
voltage, holding current, on resistance and latching current of the device.

DISCUSSION:
An SCR is a semiconductor electronic device of the thyristor family. It has 4
layers of semiconductor material (2 P- type and 2 N – type) formed in a P-N-P-N
sequence. This is the reason why SCRs are also called PNPN devices. An SCR has
three terminals, Anode (A), Cathode (K), and Gate (G).

The SCR is considered as a rectifier, so it is similar in operation to the rectifier


diode. Like the diode, the SCR is a unilateral device. This means that it can only
conduct current in one direction. When an SCR is in the ON-state, the resistance
between the anode and cathode terminals is very low. Thus, in the ON-state the SCR
behaves as a closed switch. When the SCR is in the OFF state, the resistance between
the anode and cathode terminals is very high. Thus, in the OFF state the SCR behaves
as an open switch. Once a suitable signal is applied to the gate, the SCR turns ON.
Once the SCR is turned ON, it stays ON even though the triggering signal applied to
the gate terminal is no longer present. The SCR can be turned OFF again by cutting of
the supply of the entire circuit or by shorting the anode and cathode so that the current
through the SCR is bypassed.

MATERIALS:
SCR 2N3669/ 2N1595 Voltmeter Ammeter
Resistors Power Supplies
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE:

PROCEDURE:
Finding the Forward Break over Voltage

1. Build the circuit shown in Figure 1-2


2. Set a convenient value for the gate current I G1 (0-2 mA) by adjusting gate

voltage VGG and gate resistor RG.


3. Gradually increase your anode-cathode voltage VAA from 0 to 100 volts

with a step of 2 volts, take note of the corresponding values of V AK and IA


in Table 1-1. Also, note down the approximate values of V AK and IA at the
instant the SCR fires and after firing.
4. The point at which the SCR fires and start conducting corresponds to the

value of the forward break over voltage VBO.


5. Calculate the value of on state resistance using the formula:

6. Sketch the VAK vs IA curve as accurately as possible up to the forward break


over voltage.

Finding the Holding Current

7. Ensure that the SCR is in the state of conduction.


8. Switch off the gate voltage VGG permanently.
9. Start reducing the anode-cathode voltage VAA in steps while simultaneously

checking the state of the SCR. If the SCR switches off, note down the anode
current IA just before it drops to zero which corresponds to your holding
current IH.
10. Indicate the value of the holding current IH to the sketched curve.
11. Repeat the above procedures for IG2 and IG3.
TABLES:
IG1 =………... mA IG2 =………... mA IG3 =…......mA

RON1 =…….... Ω RON2 =……… Ω RON3 =…. .Ω

Table 1-1

VAK IA (mA) VAK IA (mA) VAK IA (mA)


(Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
PLOT:
QUESTIONS:

1. What is a forward break over voltage?

The minimal forward voltage at which an SCR begins to conduct is known as


the forward break over voltage. While the SCR is in the forward bias condition, it
will not conduct up to a specified forward voltage value. Up to this certain voltage,
it restricts current.

2. What is a reverse break over voltage?

It is the highest reverse voltage (cathode positive w.r.t. anode) that can be
utilized to operate an SCR without causing it to conduct in the opposite direction.

4. Why should the gate signal be removed after turning on?

Gate drive is not necessary once the thyristor is turned on, as conduction will
continue on its own. However, to assure refiring in the event of a suspension of
conduction, the gate is forced beyond that operational point up to its potential
conduction period. Gate drive is kept going during any potential conduction phase
in DC drive controllers, as it is the hard drive of the gate. The only justification for
eliminating gate drive is to lessen date dissciption and the subsequent increase in
SCR device temperature.

5. What are the advantages of using an SCR?

· Large voltage, current, and power can be accommodated by it.


·The silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) trigger circuit is direct. It is simple to turn on
the SCR.
·Fuse protection for the SCR is possible.
·It can manage AC power.
·It is easy to manage. ·It is affordable.
6. What are the disadvantages of using an SCR?

·Negative gate current is not possible.


·It must be switched on every cycle in an AC circuit.
·At higher frequencies, it is ineffective.
·As a unidirectional device, the SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) can only regulate
power in DC power during the positive half cycle of the AC supply. As a result,
only DC power is controlled by the SCR.

7. Differentiate holding current and latching current?

The primary distinction between the latching and holding currents of SCR is
that the latching current is related with turn on process while holding current is
related with turn off process of SCR.
OBSERVATION:
CONCLUSION:

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