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Final Practice Problems

The document contains 20 practice problems about topology and metric spaces. The problems cover topics like topological spaces, metric spaces, continuity, compactness, connectedness, and more. Solutions or proofs are required for questions that check properties or relationships between concepts.

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13 views

Final Practice Problems

The document contains 20 practice problems about topology and metric spaces. The problems cover topics like topological spaces, metric spaces, continuity, compactness, connectedness, and more. Solutions or proofs are required for questions that check properties or relationships between concepts.

Uploaded by

noelcaimoy45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I NTRODUCTION TO TOPOLOGY, M ATH 141,

P RACTICE P ROBLEMS
Problem 1.
Give an example of a non-metrizable topological space. Explain.
Problem 2.
Introduce a topology on N by declaring that open sets are ∅, N, and all
sets that can be represented as unions of (infinite) arithmetic progressions.
Check that this is indeed a topological space, and prove that any finite set
is closed. Is it true that any closed set is finite?
Problem 3.
Let (X, d) be a metric space. Find out (i.e. prove or give a counterexample)
whether it is TRUE or FALSE that for any subsets A, B ⊂ X one has

a) int (A ∪ B) = int A ∪ int B

b) int (A ∩ B) = int A ∩ int B

c) A ∪ B = A ∪ B

d) A ∩ B = A ∩ B

e) A\B = A\B

f) A\B = A\int (B)

g) int A = int (A)

h) int (int A) = int A

i) int (int A) = int A

j) int (A) = A
k) A\int (A) = (X\A)\(int (X\A))

Problem 4.
Let X = {a, b} be a two-point set. Check that T = {∅, X, {a}} is a topology
on X. Is (X, T ) a Hausdorff topological space?
Problem 5.
Which of the following metric spaces are complete? Bounded? Totally
bounded?

a) X = R, d(x, y) = |x − y|

b) X = Q, d(x, y) = |x − y|

c) X = R+ = {x ∈ R | x > 0}, d(x, y) = | log x − log y|

πy
d) X = (−1, 1), d(x, y) = | tan( πx
2 ) − tan( 2 )|

e) X = Z, d(m, n) = |n − m|

f) X = N, d(m, n) = | m1 − n1 |

Problem 6.
TRUE or FALSE:

a) closed subset of a compact metric space is compact;

b) compact subset of a metric space is closed;

c) one-point subset of any metric space is compact;

d) one-point subset of any topological space is compact;

e) any finite subset of a topological space is closed.


Problem 7.
Let (X, d) and (Y, ρ) be metric spaces, and f : X → Y be a uniformly con-
tinuous function. Which of the following statements is correct? Explain.

a) If (X, d) is bounded, then f (X) is bounded.

b) If (X, d) is totally bounded, then f (X) is totally bounded.


Problem 8.
Let X be the normed linear space of continuous real valued functions on
[0, 1], with the norm kf k = maxx∈[0,1] |f (x)|. Let g : [0, 1] → R be defined by

0, if x ∈ [1, 1/2);
g(x) =
1, if x ∈ [1/2, 1].
Show that the linear map T : X → X, f 7→ gf, is continuous, and find its
norm.
Problem 9.
Prove that a linear operator from a normed linear space X into a normed
linear space Y is bounded if and only if it maps bounded sets onto bounded
sets.
Problem 10.
Suppose that a linear operator T : X → Y from a normed linear space X
into a normed linear space Y is bounded and invertible. Is it true that the
inverse T −1 : Y → X also must be bounded? Prove or give a counterex-
ample.
Problem 11.
Suppose that X is an infinite set equipped with the cofinite topology.

(1) Let A ⊂ X be a finite set. Compute Ā.

(2) Let A ⊂ X be an infinite set. Compute Ā.


Problem 12.
(1) Let X be a non-empty set equipped with the discrete topology. Show
that X is compact if and only if X is finite.

(2) Let X be a topological space, and let Y and Z be compact subsets of X.


Show that Y ∪ Z is compact.
Problem 13.
Suppose that X is a topological space and that A, B are connected subsets
of X such that A ∩ B̄ 6= ∅. Show that A ∪ B is connected.
Problem 14.
Is it true that every bounded metric space must be separable? Prove or
give a counterexample.
Problem 15.
Consider the map f : [1, +∞) → [1, +∞), f (x) = x + x1 . Show that
|f (x) − f (y)| < |x − y|
for all x 6= y. Does f have any fixed points? Why does not it contradict to
the Contraction Mapping Principle?
Problem 16.
Suppose X is a metric space, A, B ⊂ X, and functions f : A → R and
g : B → R are continuous and agree on A ∩ B (i.e. if x ∈ A ∩ B, then
f (x) = g(x)). Prove that the function h : A ∪ B → R,

f (x), if x ∈ A;
h(x) =
g(x), if x ∈ B,
is continuous on A ∪ B.
Problem 17.
Let X, Y be metric spaces. Which of the following statements is correct?
Explain.

1) A continuous function f : X → Y maps Cauchy sequences into Cauchy


sequences.

2) A uniformly continuous function f : X → Y maps Cauchy sequences


into Cauchy sequences.
Problem 18.
Suppose that {Un }n∈N , Un ⊂ R, is a countable collection of pairwise disjoint
open intervals.

∞
1) Is it true that ∂(∪∞
n=1 Un ) = ∪n=1 (∂Un )?

2) Is it true that ∂(∪∞


n=1 Un ) is countable?

Problem 19.
Which of the following collections of subsets of R2 form a base of a topol-
ogy (not necessarily of standard topology) on R2 ?

1) Collection of all open discs.

2) Collection of all open squares.

3) Collection of all open triangles.

4) Collection of all open half-planes.

5) Collection of all open sectors between some rays coming from the origin.

6) Collection of all open discs of radius one.

7) Collection of all one-point sets.

8) Collection of all sets whose complement is a finite union of lines.


Problem 20.
Let (X, d) and (Y, ρ) be metric spaces. Which of the following define a
metric in X × Y ?

a) dX×Y ((x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 )) = d(x1 , x2 ) + ρ(y1 , y2 )

b) dX×Y ((x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 )) = d(x1 , x2 )2 + ρ(y1 , y2 )2


p p
c) dX×Y ((x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 )) = d(x1 , x2 ) + ρ(y1 , y2 )
p
d) dX×Y ((x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 )) = d(x1 , x2 ) + ρ(y1 , y2 )

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