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MA201 Tut.5

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23 views1 page

MA201 Tut.5

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designography02
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Gautam Buddha University

Engineering Mathematics-III (MA-201)


Second semester (2017-2018)

Tutorial Sheet-5(Part-1)

Change of Independent variable, Variation of Parameters


d2 y dy
Homegeneous LDE of order-2 : 2
+ P (x) + Q(x)y = 0 (*)
dx dx
Q. 1 Suppose that Q(x) > 0 differentiable for all x in some interval I. Show that the equation (*) can
be transformed
Z p into a linear DE with constants coefficients by changing independent variable x to z via the
map z = Qdx provided
dQ
+ 2P Q
dx
= constant.
Q3/2
Q. 2 Find the general solutions of following homogeneous linear differential equations by changing indepen-
dent variable:
d2 y 1 dy
(c) 2
− + 4x2 y = 0
2
d y dy dx x dx
(a) x 2 + (x2 − 1) + x3 y = 0
dx dx d2 y dy
(d) x 2 − − 4x3 y = 0
 2
d y dy
 dx dx
(b) e2x + +y =0
dx2 dx d2 y dy
(e) 9x2 2 + 3x + 10y = 0
dx dx
Q.3 Suppose that y1 is a solution of equation (*), then the general solution can be written as
Z − R P (x)dx
e
y = c1 y1 + c2 y1 z, provided z = dx exists.
y12
[ Hint: Show y1 z is a solution of equation (*) and w(y1 , y1 z) ̸= 0.]

Q.4 Find the general solutions of following differential equations:


(a) x2 y ′′ − 2x(1 + x)y ′ + 2(1 + x)y = 0
(b) x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − y = 0 if y1 = x is a solution.
1
(c) Verify that y1 = x−1/2 sin x is a solution of x2 y ′′ + xy ′ + (x2 − )y = 0 (Bessel’s equation). Hence
4
find the general solution.
(d) (x − 1)y ′′ − xy ′ + y = 0 if y1 = x is a solution.
dy
(f) xy 2 + y 3 = x cos x (Bernoulli equation, see tutorial sheet 4, Q3c.)
dx
Q. 5 Use variation of parameters to find the general solutions of the following linear differential equations:
(a) y ′′ − y ′ − 6y = e−x
(b) (x2 − 1)y ′′ − 2xy ′ + 2y = (x2 − 1)2 (e) xy ′′ − (1 + x)y ′ + y = x2 e2x
(c) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ + 2y = xe−x (f) cos x y ′′ +sin x y ′ −2 cos3 x y = 2 cos3 x. [Hint:
do by change in independent variable]
(d) Show that a particular solution obtained by us-
ing variation of parameters on y ′′ + ky = f (x) (g) y ′′ − cot x y ′ − sin2 x y = sin2 x.[Hint: do by
is change in independent variable]
1 x
Z
yp = sin k(x − t)f (t) dt.
k 0

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