Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

An Improved Online Genotype Registration System

Sa’idu Sani1 Abdulhafiz Nasir 2
Department of Computer Studies Department of Computer Studies
College of Science and Technology Federal Polytechnic, Daura
Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic
P.M.B. 2052, Katsina, Nigeria

Abstract:- The genotype registration system aids in the Usually, the system provides recommendations for the
patient's understanding of his genotype's future trends and physician to review. From there, he selects pertinent data and
behavior, enabling management to make informed eliminates inaccurate recommendations.
decisions. The purpose of the design is to provide rapid
access to and retrieval of patient data from hospital data A doctor often uses the patient's clinical history, physical
warehouses, hence reducing the amount of time lost on examination, visual evaluation of medical imaging, and
such data retrieval. The data mining tool was also made to laboratory test results to make a diagnosis. In certain
find hidden patterns that support managerial decision- instances, confirming the diagnosis might be more challenging
making. The analysis of the current system, which served since it calls for specific training, experience, or even the use
as a blueprint for the design of the suggested system, was of interventional techniques (such biopsies). The ability to
conducted using structured system analysis and design interpret medical images (such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, and so
methodology. A data warehouse for patient information forth) is typically restricted to radiologists. This is because
was created using the PHP programming language and human search patterns are not systematic, structure noise can
mySQL, allowing for the retrieval of said information as obscure normal anatomical background in images, and
needed. complex disease states often necessitate the integration of
large volumes of clinical and image data. It is anticipated that
I. INTRODUCTION computer-aided diagnosis, or CAD, will improve doctors'
diagnostic skills and shorten the time needed for an accurate
Medical diagnosis, which is sometimes just referred to as diagnosis. CAD is defined as a diagnosis made by a physician
"diagnosis," describes both the process of trying to identify a who uses the results of a computerized analysis of medical
potential illness or ailment and the conclusion that is made as data as a ―second opinion‖ in detecting lesions, assessing
a result of this procedure. When used in a diagnostic method, a disease severity, and making diagnostic decisions. The doctor
diagnosis can be seen of as an attempt to divide a person's makes the ultimate diagnosis in cases of CAD. Donabedian
health into discrete groups so that judgments concerning (2020).
prognosis and treatment can be made. A diagnostic judgment
is therefore frequently explained in terms of a disease or other Modern Therapeutic Decision Support (TDS) systems,
situations. Wilson (2020). which use sophisticated simulation techniques and available
patient data to improve and individualize patient care,
Clarification of the etiology—that is, the source and including food, medication, or radiation treatment, are made
origin of the disease or condition of interest—is not always possible by recent advancements in hardware and software.
required in the processes of the medical diagnostic system. Bulato (2019).
Such clarification can help to improve the course of treatment,
provide more details about the prognosis, or stop the illness or  Problems
condition from recurring in the future. Interactive computer Physicians' primary responsibilities are genotyping and
programs known as clinical decision support systems (or treating patients. Sometimes a diagnosis is made incorrectly,
CDSS) are made to help healthcare professionals make which results in a genotype result that the patient can change,
decisions. These professionals include doctors, physical a prescription for a medication, and further health issues for
therapists, optometrists, dentists, pediatricians, nurse the patient. Prior to the start of treatment, a significant amount
practitioners, and physical assistants. In order to analyze of time is seen to be dedicated to conducting physical
patient data more effectively than either people or software examinations and interviews with patients. These issues will
could do on their own, the doctor works with the software, be resolved by the clinical decision support system (CDSS),
combining their expertise with the program. Donabedian which will efficiently provide high-quality genotyping in real-
(2020). time.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

 Research Objective studies showed the potential advantages of employing online

The purpose of this research was to develop an improved genotype registration systems.
genotype management system that will act as a gateway for
applications to obtain genotype results. The following goals (Hudson 2017) states that a growing number of
are what the project is attempting to accomplish: repeatable relationships with complex illness features are
 Examine the specifications of the suggested system. being found using genome-wide scans of nucleotide variation
 To create and design the framework. in human individuals. Together, the majority of the variations
 Assess and test the system. found have negligible effects and contribute very little to the
total genetic variance. It takes extremely large sample sizes to
The creation of computer-based systems that assist find and confirm findings. In this case, even minor sources of
clinical genetic diagnostic or treatment decisions based on systematic or random error have the potential to skew results
unique patient data has been made possible by this research. or mask important effects.
Clinical decision support (CDS) systems use mathematical
modeling tools and medical data processing techniques to Increasingly more genetic markers are becoming
codify and strategically manage biomedical knowledge to available for use in parentage assignment and relatedness
address issues in clinical practice. Its significance is further assessments thanks to molecular technology (Bertrand, 2020).
demonstrated by its capacity to: Support genotype diagnosis We introduce Kinship, a tool that uses single-locus
and simulate the likelihood of different diseases developing or codominant genetic markers to test for any non-inbred
the effectiveness of different treatment approaches. Minimize pedigree relationship between pairs of people using likelihood
the possibility of negative drug responses, prescription errors, approaches. Kinship computes probability ratios for each pair
and hazardous drug interactions. Allow physicians to notify of hypotheses as well as the likelihood that every pair of
the appropriate authorities about bad medication reactions. individuals in a data set is linked by a certain pedigree
Encourage and improved patient care by strengthening the hypothesis. Additionally, a simulation routine is used by the
relationship between pharmacists and doctors. program to give its output statistical significance.

II. RELEVANT LITERATURES To summarize, extant research indicates that online

genotype registration systems have the potential to serve as
There have been several studies and publications on the useful instruments for enhancing the efficacy and precision of
design and implementation of online genotype registration genotype data administration, as well as to promote
systems. cooperation and resource exchange among diverse
stakeholders. To completely comprehend the difficulties and
A web-based genotype registration system for the constraints of these systems, however, and to determine the
management of genetic resources in plant breeding programs optimal approaches for their development and application,
is presented by Park, J. etal,. (2019) The system was created more study is necessary. Warren, (2016)
with the help of PHP and MySQL, and it was intended to
make it simple for users to upload and download genotype III. METHODOLOGY
data in different formats, as well as search and browse it.
According to the authors, the system successfully increased At the early stage of the research , secondary source of
the accuracy and efficiency of genotype data handling and data is best option as it allows one to dig into the pool of
gave researchers and plant breeders a helpful tool. information available (both online and offline) in order to have
a 3600 view of the related literatures from the broader down to
Liu, (2017) study, which details the creation and the narrower perspectives.
application of a cloud-based genotype registration system for
livestock breeding, is another such. Breeders, researchers, and The primary source of data is found handy later in the
regulatory bodies are among the several stakeholders who can implementation stage of the research, as it provides the
share and manage genetic data thanks to the system's design. opportunity to collect the data necessary for the proposed
The system, according to the authors, was able to increase the application.
precision and effectiveness of genotype data management and
offered a helpful forum for cooperation amongst various In this research, both the two methods are applied due
stakeholders. the nature of the research and the data required.

(Chitkara2018), which details the creation of a mobile- The improved system were tested using PHP
based genotype registration system for smallholder farmers in Development Environment, HTML MySQL and CSS as the
South Korea, and (Bartnager2016), which offers a genotype development tools.
registration system for smallholder farmers in China. In order
to better manage and use genetic resources in agriculture, both

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Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

The paper “An Improved Genotype Registration” System The main goal of the new system is to create an
built on PHP, HTML CSS and MYSQL technology provides interactive website for users; another unique feature of the
an interface to the users so that they can easily provide the suggested system is its user-friendliness. The benefit of the
necessary information required. suggested system is a decrease in stress because it will grant
the Administrator authorization to register, traverse the
The online genotype registration system's architectural website, and access it. Other officials will also be able to use
design and implementation identify subsystems and provide a the newly created system to browse the website and find out
framework for subsystem communication and control. The what services are offered.
design is offered because employing fine components
improves main ability and using large-grain components
improves performance.

Fig 1: Structure of the Proposed System

IV. RESULT ANALYSIS The operating system or device that the software will run
on determines which programming language should be used.
The final stage of software development, known as the Several programming languages must be used while
implementation phase, is when a system or piece of software developing web applications, some for the system's
is actually put into use. Using a selected programming functionality and others for the interface design. As previously
language, the software is actually coded during this step. The mentioned, Microsoft Access and Visual Basic were utilized
design document, which was also a direct translation of the to create the system.
user demands and the system need into a developer-friendly
document, is the only source from which the coding or This application is made up of multiple pages, each of
implementation can be done. which serves a certain purpose. The many modules and pages
of the system are depicted in the following Figures. A
synopsis of each figure's components and functions appears
before it.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

Fig 2: Home Page

The above is the home page where admin, doctor and customer can login to the system.

Fig 3:Login Page

This page represents the login page which is generally the main page and it may also serve as a landing page to attract user.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

Fig 4: Doctor’s Page

This figure shows where doctor can add customer genotype result from the system

Fig 5:User Page

This figure shows the user page describes where user can print his genotype result registered from the system.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, MAY – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2397

Fig 6: Database

This figure shows the records of customers who [4]. Park, J. W., Lee, J. S., Suh, K. S., Chung, J. W., Seong,
registered their genotype online using the system. J., Kim, D. Y., ... & Ryu, J. S. (2019). 2018 Korean Liver
Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea
V. CONCLUSION practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular
carcinoma. Gut and liver, 13(3), 227-299.
It has been discovered that genotype systems are highly [5]. Liu, Q., Ness, K. K., Baassiri, M., Eissa, H., Yeo, F., ...
helpful in the technologically driven world of today. When an & Robison, L. L. (2017). The cumulative burden of
expert's knowledge is retrieved and preserved, it can be surviving childhood cancer: an initial report from the St
utilized to take their place in the event of their death. Genetic Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE). The
systems has enormous benefits for the medical profession. Lancet, 390(10112), 2569-2582.
Realizing that while medical specialists cannot meet the needs [6]. Bertrand, M. (2020, May). Gender in the twenty-first
of every member of the public, their expertise can be century. In AEA Papers and proceedings (Vol. 110, pp.
duplicated and applied in dire situations. 1-24). 2014 Broadway, Suite 305, Nashville, TN 37203:
American Economic Association.
Since requirements evolve along with business, the [7]. Chitkara.M, Khandelwal.N, Chaporka. A: (2018). Project
system has been designed to be flexible enough to adapt to Report on “Hospital Management System”
new needs as they arise. However, it is adaptable to any health [8]. Bhartnager S.C., Ramania K.V. (2016), Computer and
organization. This is due` to the undeniable fact that a Information Management. Prentice Hall.
computerized health management system would improve the [9]. Hudson, D. L. (2017). Medical Expert Systems. Wiley
efficiency and precision of the patient records that the Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering
healthcare company maintains. [10]. Warren, J. I., McLaughlin, M., Bardsley, J., Eich, J.,
Esche, C. A., Kropkowski, L., & Risch, S. (2016). The
FUTURE WORK strengths and challenges of implementing EBP in
healthcare systems. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based
The new system can be uses to only register genotype, Nursing, 13(1), 15-24.
several diseases exist nowadays, however the system can be
extended to carry out examination on the patients.

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