Research-based Semestral Output for PSY 203 Developmental Psychology

Emerging
and Early
Adulthood
Illness Encountered Through Developmental
Stages of Human Beings: A Literature Review

BSND 2103 GROUP 5

EMERGING AND EARLY ADULTHOOD

INTRODUCTION

FULL DISCUSSION ABOUT THE TOPIC

ILLNESS ENCOUNTERED

DISCUSSION ON THE NUTRITIONAL

REQUIREMENT
 INTRODUCTION
Emerging adulthood is a developmental stage that typically
spans from about ages 18 to 29, characterized by a period of
exploration and transition. It is a time when individuals are
no longer adolescents but have not fully taken on the
responsibilities of adulthood. During emerging adulthood,
individuals often engage in higher education, vocational
training, and various forms of self-discovery. They grapple
with questions related to career choices, relationships, and
personal values
 physical development and
cognitive development

Early adulthood is characterized as the peak of physical health and

fitness. Individuals gain the capacity for strong relationships due to a
defined sense of self.
Cognitive growth fosters career development, enabling individuals to
operate at their mental peak. Thinking becomes more flexible and
pragmatic.
 the transition from
adolescence to adulthood

Transitional age are young people who are entering

adolescence or early adulthood. New responsibilities
frequently involve moving away from home, becoming self-
sufficient, creating an identity, and learning how to manage
relationships that are more complicated.
Transitioning into adulthood is a time-consuming process.
 physical development

Early adulthood brings with it physical changes such as

achieving full height and weight, gaining muscle, and
experiencing a little increase in body fat.
Physiological functioning of early adults peaks as well, with
greater bone density, muscular strength, agility, and response
time.
 SEXUALITY DEVELOPMENT

Sexual development is the physical changes that occur during

puberty. This phase involves exploring ones’s sexual identity,
preferences, and relationship.
Sexual development is one’s culture and family norms,
development, function of the behavior, frequency and
participation, environment, effect on others, and ease of
redirection.
 cOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Adults gain experience and understand that possibilities

don't always become realities. They base decisions on
practicality and adapt to reality, making adaptive choices.
Individuals often develop greater self-awareness,
independence, and the capacity to handle complex
situations.
 CAREERS AND WORK

Individuals typically explore various career options, pursue

higher education or vocational training, and start establishing
themselves in thier chosen field.
Transitioning from entry-level positions to more specialized
roles, gaining professional expercience, and seeking
opportunities for advancement.
 sTABILITY AND CHANGE FROM
CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD

Stability denotes that characteristics of the personality that

exist from birth persist throughout life.
The impact of early experiences on subsequent development
and implies that early experiences have a major influence on
the characteristics and actions of an adult's personality.
 Socioemotional
development in Early
Adulthood

Stability and Change

Attraction, Love, and Marriage and the
from Childhood to Adult lifestyle
Close Relationships Family
Adulthood

Gender,
Relationships, and
Self-development
 Attraction, Love, and Close
Relationships
Interest, desire, or affinity that is characterized as emotional, romantic, sexual,
physical, or artistic in nature is called attraction. Attraction is often mislabeled as
exclusively romantic. However, a wide range of emotions can be classified as attraction,
including curiosity, admiration for someone's looks, and sexual desires.

Affection toward another individual. A sense of tenderness. Sensitivity to their

responses. Experiencing pleasure due to another individual

characterized by relatively high levels of trust, love, knowledge, commitment, and

intimacy

Psychologist Robert Sternberg's theory describes types of love based on three

different scales: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
 Adult lifestyle
Generally speaking, adulthood is the stage of human development during which both men's and
women's physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth slow down and reach their peak.

people who have never been married, as well as people who are
separated or divorced or widowed

Marriage is the process by which two people make their

relationship public, official, and permanent.

The psychological divorce—the process of mental separation and

the development of your independence

To remarry is to get married again, after already having been

married at least once
 Marriage and the Family
Honesty, trust, respect, and open communication are essential components of
healthy partnerships, and they need work and compromise from both parties.

Parenting is a process of raising, promoting, and supporting the physical,

emotional, social, and cognitive development of a child to adulthood and
across the lifespan.
Guilt is a common reaction to divorce, particularly if one spouse started the
divorce or if the marriage contained children. It's also common to experience
feelings of melancholy, anxiety, fear, anger, and depression at this time. If
these bad feelings are ignored for an extended period of time, they may have
detrimental effects.
 Gender, Relationships, and Self-
development
The pattern of behavior, personality traits, and attitudes that define masculinity or
femininity in a particular culture

any association between persons, amounting to mutual familiarity, mutual

awareness of one another's

Communication is an interpersonal interaction in which individuals exchange

emotionally meaningful messages

The gradual movement of one's capabilities, traits, features and qualities to

gain maturity
 Illness
Encountered
during the Period
and its Causes
 high blood pressure (hypertension)
is a common condition that affects the body’s arteries. It’s also
called hypertension. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood
pushing against the wall of your arteries. Arteries carry blood
from your heart to other parts of your body. Your blood pressure
normally rises and falls throughout the day. If you have high blood
pressure, the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is
consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood.

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)

is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of
androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in
small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the
numerous small cyst (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries.
However, some women with this disorder do not have cysts, while some
women without the disorder do develop cysts. It is a common condition
that affects your hormones. It causes irregular menstrual periods,
excess hair growth, acne and infertility.
DEPRESSION
is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of
sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive
disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel,
think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and
physical problems. It can also cause difficulty with
thinking, memory, eating and sleeping.
COLORECTAL CANCER
is a disease in which cells in the colon or rectum
grow out of control. Sometimes it is called colon
cancer, for short. The colon is the large intestine or
large bowel. The rectum is the passageway that
connects the colon to the anus. Sometimes abnormal
growths, called polyps, form in the colon or rectum.
Over time, some polyps may turn into cancer.
FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
affects the way the body processes cholesterol. As a result,
people with familial hypercholesterolemia have a higher risk
of heart disease and a greater risk of early heart attack. The
genetic changes that cause familial hypercholesterolemia
are inherited. The condition is present from birth, but
symptoms may not appear until adulthood.
DIABETES
is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas
does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot
effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone
that regulates blood glucose. With diabetes, your body
doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it as well as it
should. When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop
responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your
bloodstream.
 Appendicitis
is a thin tube that is joined to the large intestine. It sits in the
lower right part of your belly (abdomen). When you are a
young child, your appendix is a working part of your immune
system, which helps your body to fight disease. When you are
older, your appendix stops doing this and other parts of your
body keep helping to fight infection. The appendix can get
infected. If not treated it can burst (rupture).
LUPUS
occurs when the immune system, which normally helps
protect the body from infection and disease, attacks its own
tissues. This attack causes inflammation, and in some cases
permanent tissue damage, which can be widespread –
affecting the skin, joints, heart, lung, kidneys, circulating
blood cells, and brain. Anyone can get lupus; however, women
get the disease about nine times more often than men.
 WOUNDS
a break in the continuity of any bodily tissue due to
violence, where violence is understood to encompass any
action of external agency, including, for example, surgery.
Within this general definition many subdivisions are
possible, taking into account and grouping together the
various forms of violence or tissue damage.
INJURIES
is any damage or harm to your body caused by an accident, hit,
fall, weapon, and more. Every year, millions of people injure
themselves in the United States. These injuries can be minor or
major/life-threatening. Injuries can happen both indoors and
outdoors, at work, during sports play, or while driving a car.
Pain and discomfort associated with injuries can
compromise your quality of life, mobility, and function.
Different injuries affect your body differently.
Recommendation
 Recommendation
Optimal dietary intake during early adulthood is crucial for
overall health and illness prevention. A well-balanced diet
rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and
healthy fats can help prevent diseases and maintain a
healthy body. Nutrients like antioxidants, omega-3 fatty
acids, and vitamin D play specialized roles in preventing or
treating disorders. Dietary changes, such as weight loss,
reduced sodium intake, and alcohol moderation, can help
avoid hypertension at a lower cost than current
pharmaceutical therapies.
 Recommendation

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

diet, which includes potassium, magnesium, and
calcium, is often recommended. Maintaining a healthy
weight with a balanced diet and regular physical activity
is also essential. Stress management and lifestyle
changes, such as regular physical activity and limiting
alcohol use, can help lower blood pressure levels.
 Recommendation
Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are
crucial for early adulthood, including vitamin C, calcium,
vitamin D, and antioxidants. A well-balanced diet with
nutrient-dense meals supports optimal functioning.
Dietary patterns like the DASH diet, which emphasizes
fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, can
improve cardiovascular health. Maintaining a healthy
weight and regular physical activity is essential for
preventing health problems like hypertension and type 2
diabetes.
 Recommendation
Preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) requires a well-
balanced diet with essential vitamins and minerals. Preventing
STIs involves safe sex, regular medical check-ups, and open
communication about sexual health. PCOS management requires a
solid dietary foundation, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
lean proteins, healthy fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. Maintaining
portion control, hydration, and regular physical activity can
enhance insulin sensitivity and weight management. Seeking
personalized guidance from healthcare professionals or registered
dietitians is essential for effective PCOS management.
 Recommendation
A healthy diet is essential for preventing diseases in
adulthood, including a variety of fruits and vegetables,
whole grains, lean proteins, dairy, and healthy fats.
Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for mental well-being,
with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, complex
carbohydrates, and lean proteins supporting mood
regulation. Vitamins, minerals, and adequate hydration are
also essential. Regular physical activity, sleep, and seeking
professional help are also crucial for mental health.
 Recommendation
To reduce the likelihood of colorectal cancer, adopt a
health-conscious lifestyle with fiber, calcium, vitamin D,
folate, and moderation in meat consumption. Supplement
these dietary choices with lifestyle practices like exercise,
maintaining a healthy weight, and abstaining from tobacco
and excessive alcohol. Consult healthcare professionals for
personalized advice tailored to individual health needs.
 Recommendation
To reduce the likelihood of colorectal cancer, adopt a
health-conscious lifestyle with fiber, calcium, vitamin D,
folate, and moderation in meat consumption. Supplement
these dietary choices with lifestyle practices like exercise,
maintaining a healthy weight, and abstaining from tobacco
and excessive alcohol. Consult healthcare professionals for
personalized advice tailored to individual health needs.
 Recommendation: Summary
Proper nutrition is essential during the phase of emerging and early
adulthood, a stage characterized by significant physical and cognitive
development. This life period, extending from late teens to the mid-30s,
necessitates a well-balanced diet to support the finalization of bone density,
muscle mass, and optimal brain function. Given the prevalence of active
lifestyles in this age range, nutrition becomes crucial for meeting the energy
requirements associated with educational, professional, and social pursuits.
Furthermore, adopting healthy eating habits during this time lays the
groundwork for sustained well-being and reduces the likelihood of chronic
diseases. To sum up, nutrition plays a crucial role in shaping physical,
cognitive, and overall health throughout the pivotal stage of emerging and
early adulthood.
Thank you!