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Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

Investigatory project on law of conservation of linear momentum with images elaborated

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Parvez Alam
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108 views7 pages

Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

Investigatory project on law of conservation of linear momentum with images elaborated

Uploaded by

Parvez Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ASAD


ULLAH KHAN OF CLASS XI-A OF ST.
ANTHONY SR. SEC. SCHOOL HAS
SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED AND
SUBMITTED THE INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICS UNDER THR GUIDANCE OF
MRS AMSHA J.C DURING THE YEAR
2023 – 2024 IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE PHYSICS
EXAMINATION BY CBSE.

PRINCIPAL SUBJECT TEACHER

SCHOOL STAMP
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

THE LINEAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE IS DEFINED AS THE


PRODUCT OF THE MASS OF THE PARTICLE TIMES THE VELOCITY OF
THAT PARTICLE. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE IS A
PROPERTY EXHIBITED BY ANY PARTICLE WHERE THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF
MOMENTUM NEVER CHANGES. LINEAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE IS A
VECTOR QUANTITY AND IS DENOTED BY (P).

CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM

ACCORDING TO THE CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM


IF THE NET EXTERNAL FORCE ACTING ON A SYSTEM OF BODIES IS
ZERO, THEN THE MOMENTUM OF THE SYSTEM REMAINS CONSTANT.

WE HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT THE MOMENTUM OF THE SYSTEM IS


CONSERVED AND NOT THAT OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES. THE
MOMENTUM OF THE INDIVIDUAL BODIES IN THE SYSTEM MIGHT
INCREASE OR DECREASE ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION, BUT THE
MOMENTUM OF THE SYSTEM WILL ALWAYS BE CONSERVED, AS
LONG AS THERE IS NO EXTERNAL NET FORCE ACTING ON IT.
CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM FORMULA

THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM STATES THAT IF


TWO OBJECTS COLLIDE, THEN THE TOTAL MOMENTUM BEFORE AND
AFTER THE COLLISION WILL BE THE SAME IF THERE IS NO EXTERNAL
FORCE ACTING ON THE COLLIDING OBJECTS.

THE CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM FORMULA


MATHEMATICALLY EXPRESSES THAT THE MOMENTUM OF THE
SYSTEM REMAINS CONSTANT WHEN THE NET EXTERNAL FORCE IS
ZERO.

INITIAL MOMENTUM = FINAL MOMENTUM

PI = PF
Linear momentum is mathematically expressed as :

HERE BELOW, WE WILL DERIVE THE FORMULA FOR THE


LINEAR MOMENTUM OF A SYSTEM OF PARTICLE
AS MENTIONED ABOVE, THE LINEAR MOMENTUM OF THE
PARTICLE IS:

P = MV

FURTHER, ACCORDING TO NEWTON’S 2ND LAW FOR A SINGLE PARTICLE, IT


FOLLOWS:

F = DP/DT
WHERE,
F = FORCE OF THE PARTICLE.
FOR “N” NUMBER OF PARTICLES, THE TOTAL LINEAR MOMENTUM
DEPICTS AS,

P=P1+P2+....+PN

INDIVIDUAL MOMENTUM IS WRITTEN AS:


M1V1+M2V2+....+MNVN

NOW, THE VELOCITY OF THE CENTER OF MASS IS GIVEN BY:


V=∑MIVI/M
MV=∑MIVI

IF WE COMPARE THE ABOVE TWO EQUATIONS, WE GET,


P = MV --------(I)
THUS, IT CAN BE SAID THAT THE TOTAL LINEAR MOMENTUM OF A
SYSTEM EQUALS THE PRODUCT OF THE VELOCITY OF THE CENTER OF
MASS AND THE TOTAL MASS OF THE SYSTEM.

AFTER DIFFERENTIATION OF EQUATION (I), WE GET


DP/DT = MDV/DT = MA

WHERE,
DV/DT IS THE ACCELERATION OF THE CENTER OF MASS,

MA IS THE FORCE EXTERNAL.

MV=∑MIVI

THEREFORE,
DP/DT=FEXT ------(II)

EQUATION (II) SHOWS NEWTON’S 2ND LAW TO BE A SYSTEM


OF PARTICLES WHERE THE EXTERNAL FORCE ACTING OVER THE
SYSTEM IS ZERO.

SO, WHEN
FEXT=0 ---------------(III)
THEN,
DP/DT = 0

THE ABOVE EQUATION SHOWS THAT P = CONSTANT.

SO, WHEN THE FORCE ACTING ON THE SYSTEM IS ZERO,


THEN THE TOTAL LINEAR MOMENTUM OF THE SYSTEM IS
EITHER CONSERVED OR REMAINS CONSTANT.
HERE, WE HAVE PROVED THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
LINEAR MOMENTUM OF A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES.

Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum

LET US CONSIDER EQUATION (III), FROM ABOVE, WHERE THE


FEXT=0

HERE, NO EXTERNAL FORCE ACTS ON THE ISOLATED SYSTEM.


UNDER THAT CASE, THE RATE OF CHANGE OF TOTAL
MOMENTUM DOESN’T CHANGE. THIS MEANS THE QUANTITY IS
SAID TO BE CONSTANT.

THE ABOVE EXPLANATION IS THE CORRECT DERIVATION FOR


THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM.

WE CAN SAY THAT NO MATTER THE CHARACTERISTIC OR


PROPERTY OF THE INTERACTION THAT GOES WITH ANY
SYSTEM, THE TOTAL MOMENTUM WILL REMAIN AS IT IS.
NOW, LET’S COME ACROSS SOME EXAMPLES TO HAVE A
BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT .

APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM


• WE NEED TO CONSIDER THE OBJECT THAT IS
INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEM.

• THE BODIES THAT ARE IN RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM,


DO IDENTIFY THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL
FORCES.
• VERIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM’S ISOLATED
POSITION.

• IT SHOULD BE ENSURED THAT THE INITIAL


MOMENTUM EQUALS TO THAT OF THE FINAL
MOMENTUM.

HERE, THE MOMENTUM IS A VECTOR QUANTITY.

Application for Conservation of Linear Momentum

SOME OF THE MOST IDENTIFIED APPLICATIONS OF


CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM ARE:
• THE LAUNCHING OF ROCKETS - THE ROCKET FUEL
BURNS & PUSHES THE EXHAUST GAS IN THE
DOWNWARD DIRECTION. BECAUSE OF THIS, THE
ROCKET GETS PUSHED IN AN UPWARD DIRECTION.

• MOTORBOATS - IT PUSHES THE WATER BACKWARD


AND GETS PUSHED FORWARD SO AS TO CONSERVE
THE MOMENTUM.

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