Concept and Application of Logarithm

Formula for exponents:

1. eg,
2. eg,
3. ( ) eg, ( )
4.
5.

6. √
7. √
8. √ √ is pronounced as nth root of a.
explanation of formula-4:

explanation of formula-5:

Concept of Logarithm:
If , then the exponent (x) is called the a based logarithm of n
for example, if , then 2 based logarithm of 8 is equal to 3. We write it as

NB: The results of an exponential term will never be zero/negative. It’s always
positive.
For example,

√
√
So, logarithm is defined only for positive numbers.
That means, there’s no log for zero/negative numbers.
, but ( )
Page – 71
1.

Page – 72 (Brain Storm)

Let,
Initial Principal
Compound capital,
( )

rate of interest,
duration,
We know,
( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
( )
or, ( )

or,

years
Ans: 3 years
 Page – 80 (Exercise)
1. (i) √ √ √
= √ √ √
= ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 √ 1
= , ( ) -
=
=
=

(ii).

= 0 1
= , -
=
=
=

2. L.H.S. . / . / . /
=( ) ( ) ( )
= ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

=
=
=

= R.H.S
3. (ii) ( )
Expressing the equality in log we get,

Now,

or,
or,
 Few problems for practice related to exponent
Simplify the following problems:
1. 2. ( ) ( )
3. ( ) 4. , * ( ) + -
Prove that,

1. 2. . / . / . /

3. . / . / . / 4.

5. . / . / . /

Few problems for practice related to logarithm

Simplify the following problems:
1.

2.
√ √
3.
Find the value of:
1. √ 2. 3. (√ ) (√ ) 4. √
Find the value of x when,
1. 2. 3.
Show that,
1.
2. If , then show that, . / ( )
3. If ( ) ( ) ( ), then show
that,
4. √ √ √

5. . /
( ) √
6. If , then show that,
1.
L. H . S.

( )

## Show that,
L.H.S
( )

= R. H. S
2. If , then show that, . / ( )
Given,

or, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
or, √ [Taking square root on both sides.]
or, √ [Dividing both sides by 3]
or, . / √ [Taking log on both sides.]

or, . / ( )

or, . / ( )
or, . / ( )
3. If ( ) ( ) ( ), then show
that,
Given, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
[By Invertendo]

or, 0 1 ………….(i)
Again, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )

or, ………………(ii)
and ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )
or, ( )

or, …………………(iii)
Now adding (i), (ii) and (iii) we get,

or, ( )
or,
or, (Showed)
4. √ √ √
L.H.S √ √ √

√ (√ ) √ (√ ) √ (√ )
√ √ √ √ √ √
( √ √ √ √ √ √ )
( √ √ √ √ ) , -
, -

= R. H. S
5. . /

L. H. S. . /

( )
2 ( )3

. /
( )
( )
( )

= R. H. S
 ( ) √
6. If , then show that,
Given,
( )

or, ( )
or, ( )
or, [Omitting from both sides.]
or, ………………(i)
Comparing this equation with quadratic equation we get,

We know for
√

Therefore from (i) we get,

( ) √( ) ( )

√
or,
√
or,
√ √

Since argument of logarithm is always a positive number,

√
so is not acceptable
√
Therefore (Proved)