UNIT 7 Numbers Up

to 10,000
Multiplication and Division of Whole
Numbers up to 10,000

Learning outcomes
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:
Multiply whole numbers up to 10,000 by one digit number.
Divide whole numbers up to 10,000 by one digit number.

7.1 Multiplying numbers up to 1000 by one digit numbers

Activity 7.1
1. List all multiples of 1000 up to 10,000.
2. Multiply the following
a) 3x10 b) 5x100 c) 14x100
d) 200x10 e) 2000x5 f) 400x6
g) 4,500x3

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Remember the multiples of 10 and 100. To multiply a number by 10 or
100
Multiply the number by the first digits of the multiple of 10 or 100, write
the same number of zeros at the end of the answer as there are in 10 or
100.
Look at the following
2 ×10=20 12 ×100=1200

110 is a multiple of 10 because it ends in one 0 digit. 110 = 11 × 10.

Note: To multiply a number by 1000 or multiples 1000:

 Multiply the number by the first digits of the multiple of 1000,
 write three zeros at the end of the product.
Example 1. Multiply the following
a) 4000 × 2 b) 5000 ×3 c) 6000 × 4 d) 8000 ×5
Solution
a) 4000 × 2
First multiply 4 by 2 ( 4x2=8) then add the three zeros at the end.
4000 × 2=8000

b) 5000 ×3
First multiply 5by 3 ( 5x3=15) then add the three zeros at the end.
5000 ×3=15,000

c) 6000 × 4
First we multiply 6 by 4 ( 6x4=24) then add the three zeros at the end.
6000 × 4=24000

d) 8000 ×5
First we multiply 8 by 5 ( 8x5=40) then we add the three zeros at the end of
40. Now it will become 8000 ×5=40,000

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Exercise 7A
Multiply the following
a) 2000 ×3 b) 4000 × 3 c) 1000 ×8 d) 7000 ×6
e) 2000 ×5 b) 6000 ×2 c) 9000 ×5 d) 5000 ×7

7.2 Dividing Multiples of 10 and 100 by one digit numbers

Activity 7.2
Divide the following
a) 20 ÷ 2 b) 560 ÷ 7 c) 5500 ÷ 5 d) 36 , 00 ÷ 9

Example 1. Divide the following

a) 200 ÷ 10 b) 6300 ÷ 7 c) 250 ÷ 5 d) 18, 00 ÷ 9
Solution
a) 200 ÷ 10, when a multiple of 10 or 100 is divided by 10. We remove the zero in
the unit place and write the answer.

b) 6300 ÷ 7 when we have divide 63 by 7 , the result is 9, then we add the two
zeros next to 9.

6300 ÷ 7=900

c) 250 ÷ 5
we know that 25 ÷ 5=5, the we add zero next to 5.
250 ÷ 5=50

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d) 18, 00 ÷ 9.
In a similar way, we know that 18 ÷ 9=2, the we add two zeros next to 2.
1800 ÷ 9=200 .

Exercise 7B
1. Calculate the following
a) 500 ÷ 10 b) 4900 ÷ 7 c) 9500 ÷ 5 d) 7200 ÷ 9
e) 360 ÷ 6 f) 6000 ÷ 6 g) 9000÷ 5 h) 4500 ÷ 9

2. Match the following divisions with their results of division( quotient)

Column A Column B
_____1. 300 ÷ 10 A) 60

_____2.2000 ÷ 5 B) 400
_____3. 1400 ÷ 7 C) 30
_____4. 8000 ÷ 8 d) 200
_____5.240 ÷ 4 e) 1000
f) 4000
7.3 Multiplying whole numbers up to 10,000
Activity 7.3
Find the product of the following

a)231 ×8 b) 2000 ×3 c) 650 × 9 d) 3250 ×2

Example 1 Find the product in each of the following

a)1 831× 2 b) 2300 ×3 c) 650 × 9 d) 3250 × 4

Solution

a)1 831× 2 Let use a table with place values to multiply easily.

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 Number 1000 place 100 place 10 place 1 Sum
place

1831 1 8 3 1

Multiplicatio 1000x2=2000 800x2=1600 30x2=30 1x2=2

n

When we add these results we get1 831× 2=3632

b) 2300 ×3 using the following table it can be done as:

Number 1000 place 100 place 10 place 1 place Sum

2300 2 3 0 0

Multiplicatio 2000x3=6000 300x3=900 0x3=0 0x3=0

n

c) 650 × 9

Number 1000 place 100 place 10 place 1 place Sum

650 0 6 5 0

Multiplication 0x9=0 600x9=5400 50x9=450 0x9=0

d) 3250 × 4

Number 1000 place 100 place 10 place 1 place Sum

3250 3 2 5 0

Multiplication 3000x3=9000 200x3=600 50x3=150 0x3=0

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Example 2. Use carrying method to multiply the following problems
where necessary.

a)1 846 ×2 b) 31700 ×3

Solution

a) 1 846 ×2

b) 317 ×3

Exercise 7C

1. Multiply the following using place values in a table.

a) 2350 ×2 b) 4970 × 3 c) 900 ×7 d) 1982 ×6

2. Multiply the following

7.4 Dividing Whole Numbers Up to 10,000 by one digit and by 10.

Activity 7,4
Divide the following

a) 450 ÷ 5 b) 6500 ÷ 10 c) 144 ÷ 6 d) 3244 ÷ 4

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 Note: In the division D ÷ d=q

D is dividend
d is divisor
q is quotient
If D is not multiple of d, then the division will have
remainder which is less than b.( denoted by r)

When whole number with zero on its unit place is divided by 10, then we
remove the last zero of the divisor.

If the ones place of the dividend is not zero,

the unit digit will be the remainder.

The quotient is the number formed by taking the digits except the unit
digit.

Example 1 Find the quotient

a) 450 ÷ 10 b) 2600 ÷ 10 c) 895 ÷ 10 d) 2478 ÷ 10

Solution

a) 450 ÷ 10 we remove one zero from 450 and put the quotient as 45.

b) 2600 ÷ 10 Similarly, we remove one zero from 2600 and put the quotient as
260.

c) 895 ÷ 10 in this case 895 does not end with zero, 5 <10, and 895= 890 + 5

890 ÷ 10=89 Now we do the whole division as

895 ÷ 10=89 ,remainder =5

We can also do it as follows.

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d) 2478 ÷ 10 Here the last digit is less than 10. 8 is remainder and 247 is
quotient. Which is 2478 ÷ 10=247 , remainder=8

EXERCISE 7D
1. Calculate

a) 710 ÷ 10 b) 5700 ÷ 10 c) 256 ÷ 10 d) 9614 ÷ 10

2. Fill in the missing in the table. The first one is done for you.

Dividend(D) Divisor(d) Quotient(q) Remainder(r)

125 10 12 5

457 10

3203 10

5656 10

1112 10

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 Activity 7.4B
Calculate the following

a) 123 ÷ 2 b) 1658 ÷ 4 c) 4789 ÷ 8 d) 2500 ÷ 7

Example Calculate and fine q and r.

a) 786 ÷ 2 b) 1352 ÷5 c) 7,680 ÷ 8 d) 9834 ÷ 4

Solution

a) 786 ÷ 2 division starts from left and goes to the right. Using ling division ,
2 goes in to 7 , 3 times with remainder 1.

Next 8 gets down to make 18, 2 goes in to 18 , 9 times. Finally 6 gets down, 2
goes in to 6, 3 times with no remainder.

Therefore, 786 ÷ 2=293

b) 1352 ÷5 Using ling division , 5 goes in to 13 , 2 times with remainder 3. 5

comes down and divide 35 by 5, it is 7 times Finally 2 gets down 5 goes in to 2
zero times with remainder 2.

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c) 7,680 ÷ 8 In a similar way using long division

d) 9834 ÷ 4 In a similar way, it is done as

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 Note: Division Process can be written as D=d × q+r It is
called division algorithm
The division of 7 by 2 is written as 7=2× 3+1

Example

1. Write the following divisions in the form of division algorithm.

a) 56 ÷ 5 b) 230 ÷ 7 c) 88 ÷ 10 d) 451 ÷ 3

Solution

division Quotient Remainder Division algorithm

(q) (r)

a) 56 ÷ 5 11 1 56=11×5+1

b) 230 ÷ 7 32 6 230=32× 7+6

c) 88 ÷ 10 8 8 88=8 ×10+8

d) 451 ÷ 3 150 1 451=150 ×3+1

2. Find q and r and check your answer.

Solution

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 EXERCISE 7E

1. Calculate and find q and r using long division.

a) 722 ÷3 b) 2100 ÷ 9 c) 5,950 ÷ 7 d) 9,999 ÷ 6

2. Write the following divisions in the form of division algorithm.

a) 32 ÷3 b) 410 ÷ 4 c) 112÷ 9 d) 2000 ÷ 3

3. Find q and r and check your answer.

a) 954 ÷ 5 b) 7440 ÷ 9 c) 550 ÷ 2 d) 7,855 ÷ 8

4. Calculate the following.

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 UNIT SUMMARY

To multiply a number by 10 or 100

Multiply the number by the first digits of the multiple of 10 or 100, write
the same number of zeros at the end of the answer as there are in 10 or
100.
To multiply a number by 1000 or multiples 1000:
 Multiply the number by the first digits of the multiple of 1000,
 write three zeros at the end of the product.

In the division D ÷ d=q

D is dividend
d is divisor
q is quotient
If D is not multiple of d, then the division will have remainder
which is less than b.( denoted by r)
The division Process D=d × q+r is called division algorithm

If the ones place of the dividend is not zero,

the unit digit will be the remainder.

The quotient is the number formed by taking the digits except the unit
digit.
Illustrative steps on division

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 REVIEW EXERCISE

I. Write true or false

_____ 1) 2000 is a multiple of 1000.

_____ 2) When 2340 is divided by 1, the remainder is 4.

_____ 3) 2100 ÷ 9=233 Remainder =3

_____ 4) 781=6 × 130+1

_____ 5) 206 × 8=1608

II. Complete each box in the long division method.

1)

2) What is the quotient when 453 is divided by 10?

A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4

3) The value of 12 ×1000=¿ ¿

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 A) 10002 B) 1200 C) 12020 D)12000

3) 1800 ÷ 3=¿ ¿

A) 600 B) 60 C) 400 D)150

4) In the division824 ÷ 5, the remainder is ______

A) 1 B) 4 C) 2 D)3

5) Which division algorithm is correct?

A) 84=10 ×7+ 8 C) 369=5× 73+3

B) 456=3 ×115 +1 D) 1560=2× 780+1

6. Calculate and find q and r using long division.

a) 713 ÷ 3 b) 500 ÷ 8 c) 2,480 ÷ 7 d) 9,999 ÷ 7

7. Write the following divisions in the form of division algorithm.

a) 52 ÷3 b) 580 ÷ 4 c) 322 ÷ 6 d) 471 ÷ 2

8. Find q and r and check your answer.

a) 224 ÷ 5 b) 5640 ÷ 9 c) 140 ÷ 4 d) 8,8511÷ 7

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