International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, Vol.

-3, Issue-4, August 2013

ISSN No.: 2250-0758
Pages: 43-47
www.ijemr.net

HAWT for Power Generation

Sowmya Thyagarajan1, Ankit Bhalla2
1,2
Amity Institute of Space Science and Technology, INDIA.

(We would like to thank Mr. Nishant Madangopal for helping with few modifications in the design of the proposed model.)

ABSTRACT generator. The blades are placed a considerable distance in

A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy front of the tower and are sometimes tilted forward into the
from the wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy wind to a small extent. Some models operate at constant
is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind speed,but more energy can be collected by variable-speed
generator or windcharger. Today's wind turbinesare turbines which use a solid-state power converter to
manufactured in a range of vertical and horizontal axis types.
Wind turbines are basically used for various applications. It is
interface to the transmission system.
considered to be the most efficient and clean energy in this
present scenario. In this paper a novel model of wind turbine has
been proposed for auxiliary power generation in ship. This
turbine remains as a good extra source of power in the ships.
Basically, a design of Horizontal axis wind turbine has been
given in this paper.

Keywords: Vertical, Horizontal axis wind turbine, Power

generation

I. INTRODUCTION
Wind turbines are designed to exploit the wind energy
that exists at alocation. Aerodynamic modelling is used to
determine the optimum tower height, control systems,
number of blades and blade shape. Wind turbines convert
wind energy to electricity for distribution. Conventional
horizontal axis turbines can be divided into three
components. The rotor component, which is approximately Picture Depicting Upwind and Downwind turbine
20% of the wind turbine cost, includes the blades for
converting wind energy to low speed rotational energy. All turbines are equipped with protective features
The generator component, which is approximately 34% of to avoid damage at high wind speeds, by feathering the
the wind turbine cost, includes the electrical generator, the blades into the wind which ceases their rotation,
control electronics, and most likely a gearbox (e.g. supplemented by brakes. Downwind machines have been
planetary gearbox, adjustable-speed drive or continuously built, despite the problem of turbulence (mast wake),
variable transmission) component for converting the low because they don't need an additional mechanism for
speed incoming rotation to high speed rotation. Horizontal- keeping them in line with the wind, and because in high
axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft winds the blades can be allowed to bend which reduces
andelectrical generator at the top of a tower, and must be their swept area and thus their
pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a Wind resistance. Since cyclical (that is repetitive)
simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a turbulence may lead to fatigue failures, most HAWTs are
wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a of upwind design.In this paper a design of upwind
gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine has been provided. A cost
quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical effective model has been given here.
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 blade meets the head wind of its own movement. The fast
acceleration, near the wind turbine’s operational rotational
speed places great demands on the electrical cut-in system
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE that must capture and engage the wind turbine without
TURBINE MODEL PROPOSED releasing excessive peak electrical loads to the grid.

A block diagram has been given here for better

understanding of the model proposed. The proposed model
has been designed with two rotors, each rotor possessing 3
blades. Each rotor has separate brake discs, in order to
safeguard the rotors during turbulence. Both the rotorsare
connected to the same Gearbox and Generator.
Low speed shaft and High speed shaft are connected
to the Gearbox and Generator respectively. Finally the
total Nacelle is placed on the tower. A yaw drive and a
yaw motor are also set up, which is located inside the
tower. Then the power generated is stored in the storage
unit.

The proposed model is designed in such a way

that it could be used in any oceanic conditions. In this
model Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine has been designed
especially an upwind turbine is given. Two rotors has been
used here, each rotor is fitted with 3 blades, Totally 6
blades. In this design the rotors are kept opposite to each
other, facing in different directions.

IV. INTERNAL STRUCTURE

The following diagram depicts the internal structure of
the model proposed.This diagram also depicts the basic
idea behind the project.

III. MODEL DESCRIPTION

The three bladed rotors is the most important and most
visible part of thewind turbine. It is through the rotorthat
the energy of the wind is transformed into mechanical
energy that turnsthe main shaft of the wind turbine. Lift is
primary due to the physical phenomena known as
Bernoulli’s Law. This physical law states that when the
speed of an air flow over a surface is increased the
pressure will then drop. The wind turbinewill start to rotate
very slowly at first, but as it gathers speed it begins to
accelerate faster and faster. The change from slow to fast
acceleration is a sign that the blade’s aerodynamic shape
comes into play, and that the lift greatly increases when the

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 Here in this diagram Double rotor mechanism is
clearly depicted. Here both the rotor shaft is attached to
separate Gearboxes, Which in turn is connected to the
Generator. This whole setup is set inside the Nacelle
mounted on the tower.

Due to double rotor mechanism power generated

will increase. This model was generated specially for the
turbine that could be installed in ships for power
generation. A pitch system can be used to control the speed
of at different conditions. VI. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Few specifications of the proposed model have been
V. AIR FOIL specified here in this section.
Total Rotors = 2
In the proposed model each Rotor diameter of 17m is
Each Rotor Diameter = 17metre.
chosen, so as per the requirements S-821 air foil is chosen.
Blade Length =5-10metre (Here 8 metre is chosen)

Hub Height [9] =

= 2.7936(17) ^0.7663 = 25-30 metres (approx.) =
30metre can be taken here.

Generator = Geared Drive, High Speed, three stage, wound

rotor reduction.
t/c = 0.240.
Clmax= 1.4.
Cdmin= 0.014.
Cmo= 0.15.

Rotor swept area = = 226.865 (Each Rotor)

Tip Speed Ratio = 5.

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 The following mass calculations are done VII. CONCLUSION
according to the formulas [2] derived by National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). With rapid development of wind power
Mass of few components that are used in this technologies and significant growth of wind power
model have been calculated and given here. All the mass capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine
calculations are in Kg’s and all the length calculations are concepts have been developed. Wind Energy is the major
in metres. source of power for the upcoming generation where fossil
fuels are fast depleting. Millions of ships waste tons
Blade Mass= offossil fuels per year. Hence the model proposed in this
= 0.1452*(8.5) ^ 2.9158 = 74.46. paper can be a wide replacement for it, and can act as a
Hub Mass= very good auxiliary power supply.

= (0.954*74.46) + 5680.3 = 5751.33.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TotalPitchBearingMass (TPBM)
= Setting an endeavour may not always be an easy task,
= (1295*446.76) + 491.31= 579045.51 obstacles are bound to come in its way and when this
happens, help is welcome and needless to say without help
TotalPitchSystemMass= of those People who helped me in this project, this
= (579,045.51*1.328) +555=769527.43 endeavour would not have been successful. We would like
to convey my special thanks to my parents for their moral
Spinner, Nosecone = ( = support and ethical values they imposed on us without
(18.5*(17+17))–520.5= 108.5 whom we couldn’t have reached this height.

LowSpeedShaftMass=
=0.0142*(17+17) ^2.888= 376.0100 REFERENCES
Bearing Mass =
[1] J.L.Tangler, D.M.Somers,‘NREL
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[2] L. Fingersh, M. Hand, and A. Laxson, ‘Wind Turbine
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[4] http://airfoiltools.com/airfoil/naca4digit
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change owing to the variable wind speed prevailing in the Seminar,Norway.2012.
Ocean.

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