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Supply Side Management

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Simandhar Baid
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78 views

Supply Side Management

Uploaded by

Simandhar Baid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUPPLY SIDE MANAGEMENT

Supply side management:


• Supply-side management (SSM) refers to actions taken to ensure the
generation, transmission and distribution of energy are conducted
efficiently.
• This has become especially important with the deregulation of the
electricity industry in many countries, where the efficient use of
available energy sources becomes essential to remain competitive.
• Utility companies may look at means of modifying their load profile
to allow their least efficient generating equipment to be used as little
as possible.

• Why it is necessary?
– To Ensure sustained availability of reliable energy
– To Meet increasing electricity demand
– To reduce environmental impact of energy production and supply
*Important point-There is balance between supply & demand side.
Supply side management relates to the process of procuring, generating, and distributing energy in
the most efficient manner possible.
Supply side measures
Simplified electricity supply chain
• Resources and resource preparation
1.Clean coal technology
2.Fuel substitution
• Power generation and energy conversion
1.Proper maintenance
2. Data and performance monitoring
3. Combustion control
4.Upgradation of generation unit
• Transmission and distribution
1.Transmission lines
2. Data monitoring and control
3. Load aggregation
4. Facts
Up gradation of generation units
• Upgrading generating units can improve reliability,
increase output and reduce environmental impacts
from electricity generation.
• Typical improvements are the installation of new
and improved burners, extra flue gas heat recovery,
additional heat recovery from hot blow down water,
as well as modernization of instruments and
combustion control systems.
• For very old power plants, it may be justified to
replace the old equipment completely with a new
generation plant designed and built to the best
modern efficiency standards.
• There are a large number of possible measures to
adopt to raise the operating efficiency of an existing
power plant.
• Implementation depends on the type of plant, the
technology currently used, the level of maintenance,
and many such factors that are site-specific.
• It is therefore impossible to estimate the potential
improvements without a careful analysis of the
actual plant and the costs involved.
• However, it is possible to make very rough
estimates of the typical range of figures that might
be encountered in practice.
Load aggregation
• Electric load aggregation is the process by which individual
energy users band together in an group to secure more
competitive prices that they might otherwise receive
working independently.
• Benefits-
• 1. Increased Buying Power-Through load aggregation,
companies can enhance their purchasing power by taking
advantage of load diversity among multiple facilities as a
means of improving the overall load factor of the group.
• 2.Improved Load Factor-Load factor is the ratio of
electricity consumption to peak demand (expressed as a
percentage) for each billing period.
• A high load factor means power usage is relatively
constant and it is beneficial to utility because the billing is
done on basis of maximum demand.
FACTS (Flexible alternating
current transmission system)
devices
• This offers ways of attaining an increase of power
transmission capacity at optimum conditions, i.e. at
maximum availability, minimum transmission losses, and
minimum environmental impact. Plus, of course, at minimum
investment cost and time expenditure.

• Important devices power transmission involving FACTS and


Power Quality devices:
• SVC (Static Var Compensators),
• Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) and Statcom.
• PST (Phase-shifting Transformers),
• IPC (Interphase Power Controllers),
• UPFC (Universal Power Flow Controllers),
• and DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorers).
power
Bus 2 Bus 1 Bus 2
Ar Ar
ea ea
1 2

Bus power
receiving end Sending end receiving end
Sending end

Figure 3 Two-area power system with series Figure 4 Two-area power system with shunt
FACTS device FACTS device
Facts are available in
• Shunt compensator
1. Shunt capacitive compensator- for PF
improvement of line.
2. Shunt inductive compensator-for charging
the transmission line or used when there is
very low load at receiving end.
 The Static VAR(variable reactive)
Compensator (SVC) is one of the
shunt connected FACTS devices,
which is based on power
electronics.
 It helps in :
1.voltage regulation,
2. reactive power control and
improving the transient stability of the
system.
 The voltage regulation by SVC is
done, by controlling the amount of Figure 5 SVC
reactive power injected into or structure

absorbed from the power system.


Types of common SVCs are
• Thyristor –controlled reactor(TCR)
• Thyristor –switched reactor(TSR)
• Thyristor –controlled capacitor (TCC)
• Thyristor –switched capacitor (TSC)
• Mechanically switched capacitor/
reactor(MSC/MSR)
• Series compensator-used for insertion of
reactive power element in transmission lines.
• 1. fixed series capacitors(FSC)
• 2.thyristor controlled series compensation
• A. thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC)
• B. thyristor controlled series reactor(TCSR)
• C. thyristor switched series capacitor(TSSC)
• D. thyristor switched series reactor(TSSR)
SSM Constraints and Challenges
• Need of comprehensive information
• Balance between supplier and consumer
• Short term approach
• First cost decision making
• Lack of technical expertise

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