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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

CHAPTER VIII
VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS
KEY POINTS:
 William Farr (1807– 1883) was a British Epidemiologist, regarded as one of the
founders of Medical Statistics.

 William Farr (1807– 1883) is known as “the father of Modern Vital Statistics and
surveillance.”

 Demography is a term, generally, concerned with human population and it is also

concerned with the social implications of periodical variations.

 Vital Statistics is a branch of Demography, which is the science applied to the

analysis and interpretation of numerical facts regarding vital events occurring in
human population such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, migration etc.

 According to –Arthur Newsholm vital statistics is “The whole study of mankind by

heredity or environment in so far as the results of their study can be arithmetically
stated” .

 According to –Benjamin “Vital Statistics are conventional numerical records of

marriages, births, sickness and deaths by which the health and growth of a
community may be studied”.

 Vital Statistics is the science of numbers applied to the life history of communities
or regions.

 Vital Statistics are quantitative measurements on live births, deaths, foetal deaths,
infant deaths, fertility and so on.

 Civil Registration System is the most common method of collecting information on

vital events.

 Census presents a comprehensive profile of the country’s population.;

 Mortality refers to the deaths, which occur in the population/community/region due

to sickness, accidents, etc.
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

 Specific Death Rate (SDR) can be calculated exclusively for a section of the
population.

 The death rates, calculated for persons belonging to different gender, is called as
gender specific death rate.

 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as the number of infant deaths per thousand
live births in a period or children die before they attain age of one year.

 Child mortality is the death of a child before the child’s fifth birth day, measured as
the under 5 child mortality rate (U5MR).

 A Life Table is a presentation of summary of the mortality experiences of a

community during a given period in the form of a table.

 Cohort is a group of individuals who born at the same time and experienced
the same mortality conditions

 Fertility refers to births occurring to the women who are at child bearing age.

 A woman at child bearing age is defined as the age of the female who can give birth
to a child.

 Fertility rates are the quantitative characteristics, which are used to measure the
rate of growth of the population due to births during a specified period, usually a
year.

 Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of a region or a community relates the number of live births
to size of the population of the region or the community.

 General Fertility Rate (GFR) of a region or a community relates the number of live
births to the number of women in the reproductive age.

 Crude Rate of Natural Increase = CBR – CDR

 Official statistics are the statistical information published by government agencies

or other public bodies, which are collected and compiled on various aspects for
administrative purposes.

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

 An Official Statistical System was established in India by Col. Sykes during 1847
with a Department of Statistics in India House.

 The first Census Report of India was published in 1848.

 The second Census Report was published in 1881 and since then Census was
conducted every 10 years.

 The Central Statistics Office is responsible for coordination of statistical activities in

the country, and evolving and maintaining statistical standards.

 The year 2013 was observed as the International Year of Statistics.

 The first Economic Census was conducted in 1977.

 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), headed by a Director General, is responsible for
conduct of national level large scale sample surveys in diverse fields, which has four
divisions.
 An Official Statistical System was established in India by Col. Sykes during 1847
with a Department of Statistics in India House. The first Census Report of India was
published in 1848.
Abbreviations:

 LSHTM - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

 ISI – Indian Statistical Institute

 CDR - Crude Death Rate

 SDR - Specific Death Rate

 ASDR - Age specific death rates

 IMR - Infant Mortality Rate

 CMR - Child Mortality Rate

 U5MR - under 5 child mortality rate

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

 CBR - Crude Birth Rate

 GFR - General Fertility Rate

 SFR - Specific Fertility Rate

 ASFR - Age specific fertility rates

 NSO - National Statistical Office

 MoS&PI - Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

 NSC - National Statistical Commission

 CSO - Central Statistics Office

 NSSO - National Sample Survey Office

 ISS - Indian Statistical Service

Examples:

Example 8.1
There were 15,000 persons living in a village during a period and the
number of persons dead during the same period was 98. Evaluate the CDR.
Solution: D = 98 ; P = 15000
D
CDR of the village = X 1000
P

98 98
= X 1000 = = 6.53 Per thousand
15000 15
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

CDR = 6.53 Per Thousand

Example 8.2
People living in a town are grouped according to their age into five groups. The number of
persons lived during a calendar year and the number of deaths recorded during the same
period are as follows:
Age group (in years 0-10 10-30 30-50 50-70 70 and above

No. of persons 5000 10000 15000 10000 2000

No. of deaths 125 30 30 200 1000

Calculate the crude death rate of the town.

Solution: D = 125 +30 + 30 + 200 + 1000 = 1385

P = 5000 + 10000 + 15000 + 10000 +2000 = 42000
D
CDR of the village = X 1000
P

1385 1385
= X 1000 = = 32.98 Per thousand
42000 42

CDR = 32.98 Per Thousand

Example 8.3
Number of deaths recorded in various age groups in two areas ,viz. Area I and
Area II and the population size in each age group are given in the following table:

Age group (in Area I Area II

years
Population No of Deaths Population No of Deaths

0 – 10 3000 55 7500 300

10 – 25 4500 30 6000 50
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

25 – 45 6000 40 8000 40

45 and over 1000 15 2000 64

Find the crude death rates and age specific death rates of Area I and Area II.
Solution:

D(x,n)
ASDR(x,n) =
P(x,n)
Age Area I Area II

group P(x,n) D(x,n) ASDR(x,n)(per P(x,n) D(x,n) ASDR(x,n)(per

(x) thousand) thousand)

0 – 10 3000 55 55 7500 300 300

x 1000 = 18.33 x 1000 = 40.00
3000 7500

10 – 25 4500 30 30 6000 50 50
x 1000 = 6.67 x 1000 = 8.33
4500 6000

25 – 45 6000 40 40 8000 40 40
x 1000 = 6.67 x 1000 = 5.00
6000 8000

45 and 1000 15 15 2000 64 64

x 1000 = 15.00 x 1000 = 32.00
over 1000 2000

Total 14500 140 23500 454

Example 8.4

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

The following are the information about the number of persons who are affected by
Diabetes and Lung Cancer and the number of persons died due to each cause of death
during a calendar year in two different districts:
Cause of death District A District B
No of persons No of persons
Affected Died Affected Died
Diabetics 20000 325 22000 400
Lung cancer 19500 300 21225 380

Find the Illness specific death rates for the two districts. Also, compare health
conditions of both the districts with reference to these two causes of death. Assume
that a person affected by Diabetes is not affected by Lung Cancer and vice-versa.
Solution:
The SDR due to the two causes of death are calculated as follows:
SDR of District A;
DDiabetics 325 325
SDRDiabetics = = x 1000 = = 16.25
PDiabetics 20000 20

SDRDiabetics = 16.25 per thousand

DLung cancer 300 3000

SDRLung cancer = = x 1000 = = 15.38
PLung cancer 19500 195

SDRLung cancer = 15.38 per thousand

SDR of District B;
DDiabetics 400 400
SDRDiabetics = = x 1000 = = 18.18
PDiabetics 22000 22

SDRDiabetics = 18.18 per thousand

DLung cancer 380

SDRLung cancer = = x 1000 = 17.90
PLung cancer 21225

SDRLung cancer = 17.90 per thousand

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

In both the districts, death rates are more due to Diabetes in comparison with Lung
Cancer. Among the two districts, District B has relatively more death rate due to both
Diabetes and Lung Cancer.

Example 8.5
The number of live births recorded and the number of infants died in a town
during a given period are respectively 400 and 25. Calculate, from these information, the
infant mortality rate of the town for the period.
Solution:
The IMR of the town is given by

25
IMR = X 1000
400

IMR = 62.50 per thousand.

Example 8.6
A Life Table was constructed for a cohort. The following is a section of the table,
wherein some of the entries are not available. Find the estimates of missing values and
complete the Life Table.
Age in l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)
years

40 10645 - - - - 193820 -
41 10543 169 - - - - -
Solution:
The Life Table can be completed using the relationship among missing terms and
other terms.
The number of persons who die before reaching age 40 years is calculated as
d(40) = l(40) – l(41)
= 10645 – 10543 = 102
Values of q(x) are estimated as Therefore, d(40) = 102.

d(40)
Q(40) =
l(40)
102
= = 0.0095
10645

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

d(41)
Q(41) =
l(41)
169
= = 0.0160
10543

Values of p(x) are estimated from the corresponding values of q(x) as

p(40) = 1 – q(40)
= 1 – 0.0095
= 0.9905
p(41) = 1 – q(41)
= 1 – 0.0160
= 0.9840
Values of L(x) are estimated using its relationship with l(x) and d(x) as follows:

l(40)+ l(41)
L(40) =
2
10645+ 10543
= = 10594
2
1
L(41) = l(41) - d(41)
2
1
= 10543 - (169) = 10543 – 84.5 = 10458.5= 10459 (approximately)
2
L(41 = 10549
T(41) = T(40) – L(40)

T(41) = 193820 – 10594

= 1,83,226.
The life expectancy of the cohort at the age x = 40 and 41 years can be estimated using
the relationship

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

40 10, 645 102 0.9905 0.0095 10,594 1, 93, 820 18.20

41 10, 543 169 0.9840 0.0160 10,459 1,83,226 17.37

Example 8.7

The following is a part of the Life Table constructed for a population, where the
contents are incomplete. Evaluate the missing values using the given data and
complete the Life Table.

l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

83 3560 - - 0.16 - -
84 - 508 - 0.17 - 11975
Solution:
Values of the missing entries can be estimated from the given data applying the
respective formulae as follows:

The number of persons who die before reaching age of 83 years is calculated as

d (83) = l(83) × q(83)

= 3560 × 0.16

= 569.6 = 570

The value of the survivorship function l(x) at x = 84 years is estimated as

l(84) = l(83) – d(83)

= 3560 – 570

= 2990

Values of p(x) are estimated from the corresponding values of q(x) as

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

p(83) = 1 – q(83)

= 1 – 0.16 = 0.84

p(84) = 1 – q(84)

= 1 – 0.17 = 0.83

l(83)+ l(84) 3560+ 2990

L(83) = =
2 2

L(83) = 3275

1 508
L(84) = l(84) - d(84) = 2990 – ( )
2 2

L(84) = 2736.

T(84) = T(83) – L(83)

T(83) = L(83) + T(84)
T(83) = 3,275 + 11975 = 15,250

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

83 3560 570 0.84 0.16 3275 15250 4.28

84 2990 508 0.83 0.17 2736 11975 4.01
Example 8.8

A part of the Life Table of a population is given hereunder with incomplete

information. Find those information from the given data and complete the Life Table.

Age (in l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

years)

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

72 4412 - - - - - -
73 3724 - - - - - -
74 3201 642 - - - 26567 -
Solution:
d(72) = l(72) – l(73)
= 4412 – 3724
d(72)= 688
d(73) = l(73) – l(74)
= 3724 – 3201
d(73) = 523.
d(72) 688
q(72) = = = 0.1559
l(72) 4412

q(72) = 0.1559

d(73) 523
q(73) = = = 0.1404
l(73) 3724

q(73) = 0.1404

d(74) 642
q(74) = = = 0.2006
l(74) 3201

q(74) = 0.2006

p(72) = 1 – q(72)
= 1 – 0.1559 = 0.8441

P(72) = 0.8441

p(73) = 1 – q(73)
= 1 – 0.1404 = 0.8596
p(74) = 1 – q(74)
= 1 – 0.2006 = 0.7994.

l(72)+ l(73) 4412+ 3724 8136

L(72) = = =
2 2 2

L(72) = 4068
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

l(73)+ l(74) 3724+ 3201 6925

L(73) = = =
2 2 2
L(73) = 3462.5=3463

1 642
L(74) = l(74) - d(74) = 3201 – ( )=3201-321
2 2

L(74) = 2880

T(73) = L(73) + T(74)

T(73) = 3463 + 26567 = 30030

T(72) = L(72) + T(73)

T(72) = 4068 + 30030 = 34098

T(X)
e0(x) =
l(x)

34098
e0(72) = = 7.73
4412

30030
e0(73) = = 8.06
3724

26567
e0(74) = = 8.30
3201

The completed Life Table is as follows:

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

72 4412 688 0.8441 0.1559 4,068 34,098 7.73

73 3724 523 0.8596 0.1404 3,463 30,030 8.06
74 3201 642 0.7994 0.2006 2,880 26,567 8.30

Example 8.9
Find the missing values in the following Life Table:
Age (in years) l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x )

4 95,000 500 - - - 48,50,30 -

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

0
5 - 400 - - - - -
Solution:Value of the survivorship function l(x) at x = 5 years can be estimated as

l(5) = l(4) – d(4) = 95000 – 500 = 94500

Values of q(x) are estimated as

d(4) 500
q(4) = = = 0.005
l(4) 95000

g(4) = 0.005

d(5) 400
q(5) = = = 0.004
l(5) 95000

g(5) = 0.004
Values of p(x) are estimated from the corresponding values of q(x) as
p(4) = 1 – q(4)
= 1 – 0.005 = 0.995
p(5) = 1 – q(5)
= 1 – 0.004 = 0.996

Values of L(x) are estimated using its relationship with l(x) and d(x) as follows:

l(4)+ l(5) 95000+ 94500 189500

L(4) = = =
2 2 2

L(4) = 94750
1 400
L(5) = l(5) - d(5) = 94500 – ( ) = 94500 – 200 = 94300
2 2

L(5) = 94300

The value of T(5) is estimated from the given value of T(4) and the
estimate of L(4) as
T(5) = T(4) – L(4)
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

T(5) = 4850300 – 94750 = 47,55,550.

The life expectancy of the cohort at the age x = 4 and 5 years is estimated
using the relationship

T(X)
e0(x) =
l(x)

4850300
e0(4) = = 51.06
95000

4755550
e0(5) = = 50.32
94500

The completed Life Table is as follows:

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

4 95,000 500 0.995 0.005 94,750 48,50,30 51.06

0
5 94,500 400 0.996 0.004 94,300 47,55,55 50.32
0
Example 8.10
The number of children born in a city during a period was 15,628 and the
total population of the city in that period was 80,00,000. Find the crude birth rate
of the city.
Solution:
The Crude Birth Rate can be calculated using the formula
Bi
CBR = X 100
Pi
The CBR of the city is
15628
CBR = X 100 = 1.95
8000000
Hence the crude birth rate of the city is 1.95 per thousand.
Example 8.11
People living in a town are grouped according to their age into nine groups.
Details about the number of live birts are also grouped according to the age
group of women. These information are presented in the following table:

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Age Less 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-49 49 and
Group than 15 above
(in
years)
No. of 20,000 15,00 19,00 21,000 25,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 35,000
Person 0 0
s
No. of 0 30 200 1,000 1500 800 500 100 0
Live
Births
Calculate crude birth rate of the town.
Solution:
The total number of persons in the town during the specified period can be
calculated from the given information as
Pt = 1,89,000 and the total number of live births as

Bt = 4,130.
Hence, the Crude Birth Rate of the town is
4130
CBR = X 1000 = 21.85
189000
crude birth rate of the town is 21.85 per thousand.

Example 8.12
Women, at child bearing age, of a district are grouped into seven age
groups. The number of women lived during a calendar year in the district and the
number of live births recorded during the same period are as follows:

Age Group (in years) 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-49
No. of Persons 20,000 22,00 28,000 32,00 29,000 24,000 8,000
0 0
No. of Live Births 50 1500 1700 2,000 1800 500 80

Calculate the general fertility rate of the district.

Solution:
Total number of persons = 20000+22000+28000+32000+29000+24000+8000 = 163000
Total number of live births = 50 + 1500 + 1700 + 2000 + 1800 + 500 + 80 = 7630
Hence the fertility rate of the district is

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Number of live births

GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age
7630 7630
= X 1000 = = 46.81
163000 163
GFR = 46.81 per thousand

Example 8.13
The female population, at reproductive age, of a country is grouped into six
age groups. The number of women in each group and the number of live births
given by them are given the following table.
Age Group (in years) No. of Women No. of Live Births
15-20 1,16,610 10,668
20-25 1,13,810 17,183
25-30 1,03,130 12,722
30-35 93,500 7,283
35-40 74,120 3,656
40-45 62,900 1,340

Total number of Women = 116610 + 113810 + 103130 + 93500 + 74120 + 62900 =

564070
Total number of live births = 10668 + 17183 + 12722 + 7283 + 3656 + 1340 = 52852
Hence the fertility rate of the district is

Number of live births

GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age
52852 52852
= X 1000 = x 100 = 93.69
564070 56407
GFR = 93.69 per thousand
Age Specific Fertility Rate = ASFR(x,x+n) )

The ASFRs are calculated from the given information and are presented in the
following table:
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Age Group ASFR

15-20 10668
x 1000 = 91.48
116610
20-25 17183
x 1000 = 150.98
113810

25-30 12722
x 1000 = 123.36
103130

30-35 7283
x 1000 = 77.89
93500

35-40 3656
x 1000 = 49.33
74120

40-45 1340
x 1000 = 21.30
62900

The women at the age of 40-45 years have reproduced less number of live
births.

Example 8.14
The following is the data regarding the size of female population in a country at
reproductive age and the live births during a period.

Age Group (yrs) Female Population No. of Live Births

15–20 2,16,410 20,468

20–25 2,13,610 26,983

25–30 2,02,930 22,522

30–35 1,93,300 17,083

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

35–40 1,73,920 13,456

40–45 1,62,870 11,140

Calculate the general fertility rate and the age specific fertility rates of the
country.

Solution:

Total number of Female population = 216410 + 213610 + 202930 + 193300+ 173920 +

162870 = 1163040
Total number of live births = 20468 + 26983 + 22522 + 17083 + 13456 + 11140 =
111652
Hence the fertility rate of the district is

Number of live births

GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age
111652 1116520
= X 1000 = = 96.00
11630400 116304
GFR = 96.00 per thousand
Age Specific Fertility Rate = ASFR(x,x+n) )

The ASFRs are calculated from the given information and are presented in the
following table:

Age Group ASFR

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

15-20 20468
x 1000 = 94.58
216410
20-25 26983
x 1000 = 126.32
213610

25-30 22522
x 1000 = 110.98
202930

30-35 17083
x 1000 = 88.38
193300

35-40 13456
x 1000 = 77.37
173920

40-45 11140
x 1000 = 68.40
162870

The women at the age of 40-45 years have reproduced less number
of live births.
EXERCISE 8
I. Choose the best answer.
1. One of the branches of Demography is
(a) Economic Statistics (b) Vital Statistics
(c) Official Statistics (d) Agricultural
Statistics
2. When there is no proper system of recording births and deaths, Vital
Statistics are collected through
(a) Registration Method (b) Census Method
(c) Survey Method (d) Analytical Method
3. Compulsory registration of births and deaths was implemented in India,
during the year
(a) 1947 (b) 1951 (c) 1969 (d) 1970
4. Rates of vital events are usually measured as
(a) per ten lakh (b) per ten thousand
(c) per thousand (d) per hundred
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5.Death of a child before the child’s fifth birth day is measured by

(a) crude death rate (b) specific death rate
(c) infant mortality rate (d) child mortality rate
6.Death rates due to different kinds of diseases can be calculated using
(a) crude death rate (b) infant mortality rate
(c) specific death rate (d) vital index
7.History of a cohort can be understood from
(a) mortality rates (b) life table
(c) fertility rates (d) population growth
8.Total number of women at child bearing age group is used to calculate
(a) crude birth rate (b) general fertility rate
(c) age specific fertility rate (d) population growth
9.Population growth can be measured using
(a) crude birth rate, specific death rate
(b) general fertility rate, infant mortality rate
(c) specific fertility rate, specific death rate
(d) crude birth rate, crude death rate
10.Vital Index measures
(a) birth-death ratio (b) rate of vital event
(c) infant mortality rate (d) general fertility rate
11.The first census Report of India was published in
(a) 1858 (b) 1848 (c) 1948 (d) 1958
12.Department of Statistics in India House was established in India by Col.
Sykes during
(a) 1847 (b) 1947 (c) 1857 (d) 1887
13.The first Honorary Statistical Advisor to Government of India is
(a) P.C. Mahalanobias (b) Col. Sykes
(c) C. Rangarajan (d) Dr. Francis Buchanan
14.Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation was formed on
(a) October 2, 1959 (b) October 15, 1999
(c) November 13, 1969 (d) November 15, 1999
15.Secretary to MoS&PI and Head of NSO is
(a) Chairman, Planning Commission (b) Director, NSSTA
(c) Chief Statistician of India (d) CEO, NITI Aayog
16.National Statistical Commission was formed on
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(a) January 12, 2006 (b) April 12, 2006

(c) June 12, 2006 (d) July 12, 2006
17.Celebration of National Statistics Day is one of the responsibilities of
______ Division of CSO.
(a) Coordination and Publications (b) Training
(c) Social Statistics (d) Economic Statistics
18.Collection of primary data for the surveys undertaken by NSSO is one of
the responsibilities of _______ Division.
(a) Survey Design and Research (b) Field Operations
(c) Data Processing (d)Coordination and
Publications
19.NSSO publishes the bi-annual journal
(a) Sarvekshana (b) Sankhya (c) Pramana (d)
Yojana
20.“Hand Book of Indian Economy” is published periodically by
(a) State Bank of India (b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) NSO (d) Ministry of Economics
II. Give very short answer to the following questions.
21.What is Registration method?
Answer :

In registration method, occurrence of the vital events such as births,

deaths, marriages, migration etc., are registered. Many countries adopt this
system. Registration is done with the Authorities appointed by the respective
government
22.Define rate of vital event.
Answer:

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23.Mention the purpose of Analytical method in collecting Vital Statistics.

Answer:
Population estimates of any vital event at a given time can be obtained
without ad hoc surveys applying analytical methods which use mathematical
formulae.
24.What is meant by mortality?
Answer|:
Mortality refers to the deaths, which occur in the
population/community/region due to sickness, accidents, etc.
25.What is known as fertility?
Answer :
Fertility refers to births occurring to the women who are at child bearing age.
A woman at child bearing age is defined as the age of the female who can give
birth to a child. In other words, it is the reproductive age of woman.
26.What is cohort?
Answer:
Cohort is a group of individuals who born at the same time and
experienced the same mortality conditions.
27.What is called radix of Life Table?
Answer :
l(0) is called radix of the Life Table or cohort, which is conventionally taken as
1,00,000.
28. How will you calculate expectation of life?
Answer :

It gives the average number of years a person of age x years is expected to

survive under the existing mortality conditions.
29. Write down the formula to compute crude death rate.
Answer :

The formula used to calculate this mortality rate for a given period is

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D: Number of deaths in the population or community during the given

period, and
P: Number of persons in the population or community during the given
period.

30. What is the formula used to compute infant mortality rate?

Answer :
The following formula is used to calculate infant mortality rate

DInfant
IMR = x 1000 where
PInfant

DInfant denotes the number of deaths of infants in a population during a

period, and
PInfant denotes the number of live births in the population during the period.
31.Define crude birth rate.
Answer:
Crude birth rate =
No.of live births in the population during the given period
x 1000
Total number of persons in the population during the given period
32.What is specific fertility rate? .
Answer :

33. Write down the formula to compute general fertility rate.

Answer:

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

34. Define vital index.

Answer:

35.Specify the difference between crude birth rate and general fertility rate.
Answer :

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of a region or a community relates the number of live
births to size of the population of the region or the community
General Fertility Rate (GFR) of a region or a community relates the number of live
births to the number of women in the reproductive age.
36.What are known as Official Statistics?
Answer:
Official statistics are the statistical information published by government
agencies or other public bodies, which are collected and compiled on various
aspects for administrative purposes.
37.What were the Official Statistics collected by East India Company?
Answer:
In British India, a statistical survey was conducted, in the year 1807 by
Dr.Francis Buchanan, Governor-in-Council of East India Company. Information
were collected regarding topographical account of each district, conditions of the
inhabitants, their religion and customs, details of fisheries, mines and forests,
farm sizes, vegetables grown, commerce, list of useful plants and seeds.
38.What were the earlier attempts made in India before British rule for
collection of Official Statistics?

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Answer:
Statistical data collection and compilation began in India during 321-298
BC and are documented in Kautilya’s Arthasastra. Later, during the Moghul’s
period, the details of Official Statistics can be found in Ain-i-Akbari written by
Abul Fazal in Emperor Akbar’s rule during 1590 AD. It contains Official Statistics
of various characteristics including land classification, crop yields, measurement
system, revenue etc.
39.What are the wings of MoS & PI?
Answer:
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoS&PI), a
ministry with independent charge in the Government of India, was formed on
October 15, 1999 with two wings, viz., National Statistical Office (NSO) and
Programme Implementation.

40. What are the divisions of CSO?

Answer :
The CSO has five main divisions.
(i) National Accounts Division
(ii) Social Statistics Division
(iii) Economic Statistics Division
(iv) Training Division
(v) Coordination and Publications Division
41.List the divisions of NSSO:
NSSO has four divisions:
(i) Survey Design and Research Division
(ii) Field Operations Division
(iii) Data Processing Division
(iv) Coordination and Publications Division
42. Which Ministries of Government of India have separate statistical divisions?

Some Ministries in Government of India, like Agriculture, Water Resources,

Health, Finance, Commerce, Labour, and Industrial Development have separate
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statistical divisions, while most others have nucleus cells.

III. Give short answer to the following questions.
43.Write down the definitions of Vital Statistics.
Answer:
“The whole study of mankind by heredity or environment in so far as the results
of their study can be arithmetically stated”
–Arthur Newsholme

“Vital Statistics are conventional numerical records of marriages, births, sickness

and deaths by which the health and growth of a community may be studied”.
–Benjamin
44. Write a brief note on Census Method of collecting Vital Statistics.
Answer:

 Census presents a comprehensive profile of the country’s population.

 Census is conducted in most countries at intervals of ten years.
 The complete enumeration method normally covers data regarding age,
sex, marital status, educational level, occupation, religion and other factors
needed for computing Vital Statistics.
45.What are various information collected under Sample Registration System?
Answer:
Sample Registration System is adopted at both national and state levels in
India to collect the following information:
National Level
(a) Infant mortality
(b) Age specific mortality rates in rural areas
(c) Sampling variability of vital rates
State Level
(a) Differences in birth rates with respect to education, religion, parity
(b) Sex ratio
(a) Seasonality in birth and death rates

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46.If the number of deaths occurred is 980 in a town consisting of 1,50,000

persons during a period, quantify the death rate of the town using suitable
formula.
Answer:
D: Number of deaths in the population = 980
P: Number of persons in the population 150000

980 98
= x 1000 = = 6.53
150000 15
Death rate of the town= 6.53
47. Population size of a Hamlet in a hill station during a calendar year was
55,000 and the number of deaths recorded in the Hamlet during the same
year was 185. What is the crude death rate of the village?
Solution: D = 185
P = 55000
D
CDR of the village = X 1000
P

185 185
= X 1000 = = 3.36
55000 55
CDR = 3.36

48.The number of women at reproductive age in a district is 70,000. Also, the

number of live births and infant deaths registered in the district are respectively
10,000 and 70. Which mortality rate you will calculate? What is its value?

Solution:
The IMR of the town is given by

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

70
IMR = X 1000 = 7.00
10000

IMR = 7.00.

49. A Primary Health Centre located in a village has a record of 135 live births
during a year. The number of deaths recorded in the village was 300. Among
them, 5 are new born babies of age less than a year. Measure the infant
mortality rate of the village.

Solution:
The IMR of the town is given by

5 5000
IMR = X 1000 = = 37.037
135 135
IMR = 37.04

50.What is specific death rate? What are its uses?

Answer:
Specific Death Rate (SDR) can be calculated exclusively for a section of the
population. The SDR can be calculated for a group of persons, who are
distinguished by age or gender or occupational class or marital status.
Uses:
The SDR can also be used to compare the death rates due to different kinds
of seasonal diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, swine flu.

The SDR helps to measure the death rates for different sections/segments of
the population unlike CDR.
51. List various uses of Life Table.
Answer:

Uses of Life Table

 Actuaries compute rate of premiums for persons of different age groups
using Life Table.
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 It helps to assess the accuracy of census figures, death and birth

registrations.
 It helps to evaluate the impact of family planning on population growth.
 It enables to assess the increase in the life span due to new scientific
inventions, sophisticated medical treatments and improved living conditions.
 Estimates of migration can be made from Life Table.
52.What are the assumptions made in the construction of Life Table?
Answer:

Assumptions of Life Table

The following assumptions are made while constructing a Life Table.

(i) There is no effect of immigration and emigration on the cohort. It means that
the reduction in the number of the initial cohorts is merely due to deaths.
(ii) The size of cohort begins with a convenient figure, it is conventionally
1,00,000.
(iii) Deaths are uniformly distributed over each age interval.

53.Population size of a District during a calendar year was 1,25,526. Also, the
number of live births registered in the district during the same period was 987.
Compute appropriate vital rate using this information.
Answer:

Rate of a vital event =

Number of occurrences of the event during the pe ified period
x 1000
Size of the population osed to the risk of the event
987 987000
= x 1000 = = 7.862
125526 125526
Appropriate vital rate = 7.862 per thousand
54. The number of women at child bearing age in a tribal village during a year
was 2275 and the number of new born babies of age less than a year in the
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same village was 23. How will you quantify the birth rate of the village? Find its
value.
Solution:
The Crude Birth Rate can be calculated using the formula
Bi
CBR = X 1000
Pi
The CBR of the city is
23
CBR = X 1000 = 10.109
2275
Hence the crude birth rate of the village is 10.11 per thousand.
55.Write a brief note on specific fertility rate.
Specific Fertility Rate (SFR) is defined as

SFR can be calculated separately for various age groups of females who
are at child bearing age such as 15-20, 20-25, and so on. The SFR computed with
respect to different reproductive age of women is known as the Age Specific
Fertility Rate (ASFR).

IV. Give detailed answer to the following questions

56. What are the importance of Vital Statistics?
Answer:

 Vital Statistics are quantitative measurements on live births, deaths, foetal

deaths, infant deaths, fertility and so on.

 Vital Statistics are essential for conducting demographic studies on

human community during specific time period.
 Vital Statistics play an important role in the development of a country
especially in heath care.

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 They are of great use in planning and evaluation of socio-economic and

public health development of a country.
 They help to identify factors relating to fluctuations in mortality and fertility
rates.
 Maternal and infant mortality are important indications of nation’s health,
thereby influencing the government to develop policies, funding of
programs to maintain quality of health care. Timely documentation of
births and deaths is essential to maintain high quality indices.
 They are also of great use for comparison of health indicators at national
and international levels.
 They are useful in medical and demographical, actuarial studies and
research.
 They are of great use to the government to assess the impact of various
family welfare programmes implemented in a country.
57.Calculate crude death rate of a population living in a town from the following
data:

Age Group (in years) 0-10 10-20 20-40 40-60 60 and

above

No. of Persons 6500 12,000 24,000 20,000 8,000

No. of Deaths 25 37 30 90 100

Solution:
D = 25 + 37 + 30 + 90 + 100 = 282
P = 6500 + 12000 + 24000 + 20000 + 8000 = 70500
D
CDR of the village = X 1000
P

282
= X 1000 = 0.004 x 1000 = 4.00 Per thousand
70500
CDR = 4.00 Per Thousand

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58.The number of deaths registered in a district with respect to age during a

year and the population size in each age group are given below. Calculate the
crude death rate of the district for the period

Age Group (in years) Below 15 15-25 25-40 40-65 65 and

above

No. of Persons 40,000 88,000 90,000 60,800 23,000

No. of Deaths 40 62 100 78 20

Solution:
D = 40 + 62 + 100 + 78 + 20 = 300
P = 40000 + 88000 + 90000+ 60800 + 23000 = 301800
D
CDR of the district = X 1000
P

300
= X 1000 = 0.00099 x 1000 = 0.99 Per
301800
thousand
CDR Of the district = 0.99

59.The population of a District during a Census year was grouped into 8 age groups.
The data regarding the number of deaths and the population size for each age group
are given hereunder.
Age Group (in 0-5 5-15 15-25 25-40 40-50 50-60 60-65 65 and
years) above

No. of Persons 42,34 1904 93,578 30,724 28,874 62,087 28,473 37,693
(in '000) 5 6
No. of Deaths 900 798 512 186 174 213 475 883

Calculate the age specific death rates of the District.

Solution:
Age Group(in No of No of D(x,n) D(x,n)
x 1000
years) persons Deaths P(x,n) P(x,n)
(in ‘000) D (x,n)
P(x,n)
0–5 42345 900 0.02125 21.25

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5 – 15 19046 798 0.04190 41.90

15 – 25 93578 512 0.00547 5.47
25 – 40 30724 186 0.00605 6.05
40 – 50 28874 174 0.00603 6.03
50 – 60 62087 213 0.00343 3.43
60 – 65 28473 475 0.01668 16.68
65 and above 37693 883 0.02343 23.43

Age Group 0-5 5-15 15-25 25-40 40-50 50-60 60-65 65 and above

ASDR 21.25 41.90 5.47 6.05 6.03 3.43 16.68 23.43

60.Calculate the specific death rates for each age group of a population, whose size
and the number of deaths are given in the following table:
Age Group (in years) Below 10 10-20 20-40 40-60 60 and
above
No. of Persons 36,000 28,000 62,000 52,000 18,000
No. of Deaths 682 204 576 878 725

Solution:
Age Group(in No of persons (in No of Deaths D(x,n) D(x,n)
x
years) ‘000) P(x,n) D(x,n) P(x,n) P(x,n)
1000
0 – 10 36000 682 0.01894 18.94
10 – 20 28000 204 0.00729 7.29
20 – 40 62000 576 0.00929 9.29
40 – 60 52000 878 0.01688 16.88
60 and above 18000 725 0.04028 40.28

Age Group (in years) 0 -10 10 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 and

above

ASDR 18.94 7.29 9.29 16.88 4028

61.What are the different components and their formulae of Life Table?
Answer :
A Life Table is a presentation of summary of the mortality experiences of a
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community during a given period in the form of a table. The Life Table exhibits
the number of persons living and dying at each age, on the basis of the
experience of a cohort. It also gives the probability of dying and living separately.
The Life Table tells the life history of a cohort.

Cohort is a group of individuals who born at the same time and

experienced the same mortality conditions.

Construction of Life Table begins with a cohort population. The following

are the standard set of components of a Life Table:

(i) Age (x)

(ii) Survivorship function
(iii) Number of deaths in the age interval (x, x+1)
(iv) Probability for a person surviving at the age x to die before x+1 years
(v) Probability for a person aged x years to survive upto x+1 years
(vi) Number of persons lived in aggregate in the age interval (x,x+1)
(vii) Number of years lived by the cohort at and above the age x years
(viii) Expectation of life.
These components are described below with their respective notations and
formula required to compute each of them.

(i) x : Age, in years

(ii) l(x): Number of survivors at the exact age of x years.

l(0) is called radix of the Life Table or cohort, which is conventionally taken as
1,00,000.

(iii) d(x): Number of persons among l(x) persons who die before reaching the age
x years

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(vi)L(x): Number of persons lived in aggregate in the age interval (x,x+1)

(vii) T(x): Number of years lived by the cohort at and above the age x

i.e., T(x) = L(x)+L(x+1)+L(x+2)+ ...

62.Find the missing entries in the following Life Table.

Age (in l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0 ( x )

years)

25 75818

26 75445 2722331

27 75039 0.009

Solution:
d(25) = l(25) – l(26)
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= 75818 - 75445
d(25)= 373
d(26) = l(26) – l(27)
= 75445 - 75039
d(26) = 406
d(27) = l(27) x q(27) = 75039 x 0.009 = 675.351

d(27) = 675
d(25) 373
q(25) = = = 0.0049
l(25) 75818

q(25) = 0.0049

d(26) 406
q(26) = = = 0.0054
l(26) 75445

q(26) = 0.0054

q(27) = 0.0090

p(25) = 1 – q(25)
= 1 – 0.0049 = 0.9951

P(25) = 0.9956

p(26) = 1 – q(26)
= 1 – 0.0054 = 0.9946
P(26) = 0.9946
p(27) = 1 – q(27)
= 1 – 0.009 = 0.991

P(27) = 0.991

l(25)+ l(26) 75818+75445 151263

L(25) = = = = 75631 .5
2 2 2

L(25) = 75632

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l(26)+ l(27) 75445+ 75039 150484

L(26) = = = = 75242
2 2 2
L(26) = 75242

1 675
L(27) = l(27) - d(27) = 75039 – ( )=75039 – 337.5 = 74701.5
2 2

L(27) = 74702

T(25) = L(25) + T(26)

T(25) = 75632 + 2722331 = 2797963

T(X)
e0(x) =
l(x)

2797963
e0(25) = = 36.90
75818

2722331
e0(26) = = 36.08
75445

2647089
e0(27) = = 35.28
75039

The completed Life Table is as follows:

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

25 75818 373 0.9951 0.0049 75632 2797963 36.90

26 75445 406 0.9946 0.0054 75242 2722331 36.08

27 75039 675 0.9910 0.0090 74702 2647089 35.28

63.There are missing entries in some of the columns in the following Life Table.
Find the values of the missing entries.

Age (in l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

years)

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42 64711 1513333

43 63787

44 62821 62310

Solution:
d(42) = l(42) – l(43)
= 64711 - 63787
d(42)= 924
d(43) = l(43) – l(44)
= 63787 - 62821
d(43) = 966
d(44) = 2 l(44) - 2L(44) = 2(62821) - 2(62310) = 125642 – 124620 = 1022

d(44) = 1022

d(42) 924
q(42) = = = 0.0143
l(42) 64711

q(42) = 0.0143

d(43) 966
q(43) = = = 0.0151
l(43) 63787

q(43) = 0.0151

d(44) 1022
q(44) = = = 0.0163
l(44) 62821

q(44) = 0.0163

p(42) = 1 – q(42)

= 1 – 0.0143 = 0.9857

P(42) = 0.9857

p(43) = 1 – q(43)
= 1 – 0.0151 = 0.9849
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

P(43) = 0.9849

p(44) = 1 – q(44)
= 1 – 0.0163 = 0.9837

P(44) = 0.9837

l(42)+ l(43) 64711+63787 128498

L(42) = = = = 64249
2 2 2

L(42) = 64249

l(43)+ l(44) 63787 + 62821 126608

L(43) = = = = 63304
2 2 2
L(43) = 63304

1 1022
L(44) = l(44) - d(44) = 62821 – ( ) = 62821 – 511 = 62310
2 2

L(44) = 62310

T(43) = T(42) – L(42) = 1513333 – 64249 = 1449084

T(43) = 1449084

T(44) = T(43) – L(43) = 1449084 – 63304 = 1385780

T(43) = 1385780

T(X)
e0(x) =
l(x)

1513333
e0(42) = = 23.386
64711

1449084
e0(43) = = 22.718
63787

1385780
e0(44) = = 22.059
62821

V.D.VIJAYALAKSHMI,M.Sc.,PGDCA.,M.Ed., GHSS VIJAYAPURAM, TIRUPPUR #9952431162

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

The completed Life Table is as follows:

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

42 64711 924 0.9857 0.0143 64249 1513333 23.39

43 63787 966 0.9849 0.0151 63304 1449084 22.72

44 62821 1022 0.9837 0.0163 62310 1385780 22.06

64.The following is a section of a Life Table with some missing entries. Complete
the Life Table.
Age (in l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)
years)

36 69818

37 69032

38 68212 850 1779254

Solution:
d(36) = l(36) – l(37)
= 69818 – 69032 = 786
d(36)= 786
d(37) = l(37) – l(38)
= 69032 – 68212 = 820
d(37) = 820
d(36) 786
q(36) = = = 0.01126
l(36) 69818

q(36) = 0.0113

d(37) 820
q(37) = = = 0.01188
l(37) 69032

q(37) =0.0119

d(38) 850
q(38) = = = 0.01246
l(38) 68212
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

q(38) = 0.0125

p(36) = 1 – q(36)

= 1 – 0.0113 = 0.9887

P(36) = 0.9887

p(37) = 1 – q(37) = 1 – 0.0119 = 0.9881

P(37) = 0.9881

p(38) = 1 – q(38) = 1 – 0.0125 = 0.9875

P(38) = 0.9875

l(36)+ l(37) 69818+69032 138850

L(36) = = = = 69425
2 2 2

L(36) = 69425

l(37)+ l(38) 69032+ 68212 137244

L(37) = = = = 68622
2 2 2
L(37) = 68622

1 850
L(38) = l(38) - d(38) = 68212 – ( ) = 68212 – 425 = 67787
2 2

L(44) = 62310

T(37) = T(38) + L(37) = 1779254 + 68622 = 1847876

T(37) = 1847876

T(36) = T(37) + L(36) = 1847876 + 69425 = 1917301

T(36) = 1917301

T(X)
e0(x) =
l(x)

1917301
e0(36) = = 27.46
69818

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

1847876
e0(37) = = 26.768 = 26.77
69032

1779254
e0(38) = = 26.08
68212

The completed Life Table is as follows:

x l(x) d(x) p(x) q(x) L(x) T(x) e0(x)

36 69818 786 0.9887 0.0113 69425 1917301 27.46

37 69032 820 0.9881 0.0119 68622 1847876 26.77

38 68212 850 0.9875 0.0125 67787 1779254 26.08

65.Calculate crude birth rate from the following data:

Age Group (in years) 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-40 40-49

No. of Perosns 16,000 18,000 14,000 15,000 28,000

No. of Live Births 25 30 38 28 14

Solution:
Pt = 16000 + 18000 + 14000 + 15000 + 28000 = 91000
Bt = 25 + 30 + 38 + 28 + 14 = 135
Hence, the Crude Birth Rate of the town is
135
CBR = X 1000 = 0.00148 x 1000 = 1.4835
91000
crude birth rate of the is 1.48 .

66.The women population at reproductive age in a State are grouped and the
population size in each group are given hereunder. The number of live births
given by the women in each group are also presented. Find the general fertility
rate of the State. Also, calculate the age specific fertility rate for each group .

Age Group (in 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-49
years)

No. of Women 2,12,724 1,89,237 2,45,367 1,32,109 1,29,645 90,708 34,975

No. of Live Births 20,209 23,655 37,787 12,815 9,723 4,898 874
V.D.VIJAYALAKSHMI,M.Sc.,PGDCA.,M.Ed., GHSS VIJAYAPURAM, TIRUPPUR #9952431162
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Solution:
Total number of women population = 212724 + 189237 + 245367 + 132109 + 129645
+90708 + 34975 = 1034765
Total number of live births = 20209 + 23655 + 37787 +12815 + 9723 +4898 + 874 =
109961
Hence the fertility rate of the district is

Number of live births

GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age
109961
= X 1000 = 0.1063 x 1000 = 106.266
1034765
GFR = 106.27

Age Specific Fertility Rate = ASFR(x,x+n) )

The ASFRs are calculated from the given information and are presented in the
following table:
Age Group ASFR

15-20 20209
x 1000 = 95.00
212724
20-25 23655
x 1000 = 125
189237

25-30 37787
x 1000 = 154.00
245367

30-35 12815
x 1000 = 97.00
132109

35-40 9723
x 1000 = 75.00
129545
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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

40-45 4898
x 1000 = 54.00
90708

45-49 874
x 1000 = 24.99
34975

The women at the age of 40-45 years have reproduced less number
of live births.
67. The number of live births occurred in a District during a calendar year are
classified according to the age of mother. The female population size at child
bearing age are also given.
Age Group (in years) 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-49

No. of Women 4,729 6,236 8,034 9,408 5,907 4,657 2,975

No. of Live Births 356 845 970 1,878 856 608 452

Calculate the general fertility rate of the District. Also, calculate the specific fertility rates for
each of the reproductive age group.
Solution:
Total number of women population = 4729 +6236 +8034 + 9408 +5907 + 4657 + 2975 =
41946
Total number of live births = 356 + 845 + 970 + 1878 + 856 + 608 + 452 = 5965

Number of live births

GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age
5965
= X 1000 = 0.14221 x 1000 = 142.21
41946
GFR = 142.21
Age Specific Fertility Rate = ASFR(x,x+n) )

The ASFRs calculation table:

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Age Group ASFR

15-20 356
x 1000 = 75.28
4729
20-25 845
x 1000 = 135.50
6236

25-30 970
x 1000 = 120.74
8034

30-35 1878
x 1000 = 199.62
9408

35-40 856
x 1000 = 145.06
5907

40-45 608
x 1000 = 130.56
4657

45-49 452
x 1000 = 151.93
2975

The women at the age of 15-20 years have reproduced less number of live
births.
68.The following are the information registered about the number of live births
and the female population size in a town during a calendar year.
Age Group (in years) 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-49

No. of Women 1,276 3,253 5,628 7,345 6,901 4,253 3,957

No. of Live Births 218 361 693 1,305 1,031 634 390

Calculate from these information the general fertility rate of the town and the age
specific family rates for the year.
Solution:
Total no of women population = 1276 + 3253 + 5628 + 7345 + 6901 + 4253 + 3957 =
32613
Total number of live births = 218+361+693+1305+1031+634+390 = 4632
Number of live births
GFR = X 1000
Number of women at child bearing age

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12 STATISTICS EM CHAPTER 8 VITAL STATISTICS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS

4632
= X 1000 = 0.1420 x 1000 = 142.03
32613
GFR = 142.03
Age Specific Fertility Rate = ASFR(x,x+n) )

The ASFRs calculation table:

Age Group ASFR

15-20 218
x 1000 = 170.85
1276
20-25 361
x 1000 = 110.97
3253

25-30 693
x 1000 = 123.13
5628

30-35 1305
x 1000 = 177.67
7345

35-40 1031
x 1000 = 149.40
6901

40-45 634
x 1000 = 149.07
4253

45-49 390
x 1000 = 98.56
3957

The women at the age of 45 - 49 years have reproduced less number of live
births.

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