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DPsy - Lecture 3 - Prenatal - Student

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14 views15 pages

DPsy - Lecture 3 - Prenatal - Student

Uploaded by

DaiKiYa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHDH2189

Developmental Psychology
Lecture 3: Prenatal development

Lecturer’s name

Recommended readings
Textbook, Chapter 4
Lesson plan

1. Fetal development

• The period of pregnancy

2. Impact of pregnancy

• Fetus affecting the mother

• Mother affecting the fetus

3. Required reading - Textbook, chapter 4

2
Fetal development

• Fertilization
• Only one sperm can fertilize an ovum
• Sperm carry genetic material necessary for
reproduction

• Twins
• Monozygotic twins/identical twins
o Always ______ sex and highly similar in
physical appearance
• Dizygotic twins/fraternal twins
o May be of different sexes

3
Pregnancy

• 38~40 weeks, divided into 3 trimesters (3-month for


each )

• First Trimester
• Germinal period
• Embryonic period
• Fetal period (it also lasts for 2nd and 3rd trimesters)

• Second Trimester

• Third Trimester
Video of pregnancy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEfnq4Q4bfk
4
5
Fitting the 3 periods into 3 trimesters

1st trimester (1-3 months) 2nd trimester (4-6 months) 3rd trimester (7-9 months+)
Geminal Embryonic Fetal period
period period
(0-2 weeks (3-8 weeks) (9 weeks to birth)
First Trimester (1-3 months)
1) The germinal period (weeks 1-2)
• Implantation: Zygote travels out of the fallopian tube and
implants in the uterine wall

2) The embryonic period (weeks 3-8) (胚胎期)


• Organogenesis: The groundwork for all body structures and
internal organs formed
• About 1 inch
• Placenta (胎盤)
• Sensitivity to teratogens (e.g., viruses/medicines/alcohol etc):
malformations in the fetus (胎兒)

3) The fetal period (weeks 9-38) – it lasts till birth


• The fetus grows to 3 inches in the 3rd month
• Changes in the sex organs (12th week)
• Sex hormones make male brain and female brain slightly
different (e.g., hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus) 7
Stages of prenatal development

Source: http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/323/flashcards/2116323/png/screen_shot_2013-09-11_at_123754_pm-1410DE34E5028E12524.png

8
Second Trimester (4-6 months)
• The fetus grows to 10 inches and increases to
around 2 pounds

• Quickening (approx. 17-20 weeks)


• Developing fetus has grown large enough that its
movements can be felt by the mother

• End of 6th month, sensory receptors of the fetus are


well established

9
Source: http://www.mamayurveda.com/blog/ayurvedic-overview-second-trimester
Third Trimester (7-9 months +)

• Fetus grows from 10 to 20 inches and increases from


2 to 7.5 pounds

• By 32 weeks, critical level of neurological maturation


is achieved

• At the end of the third trimester:


• The fetal brain produces hormones triggering the
birth process

10
Sex differences in
prenatal development

• Girls
• Slightly faster skeletal development (4-6 weeks
ahead)

• Boys
• Slightly heavier and longer at birth
• More muscle tissue, fewer fat
• Slightly more active before birth
• More X chromosome-related problems

11
Low birth weight
• Different types (a range)
• Low birth weight (LBW) (Below 2500 grams (5.5 pounds)
• Very low birth weight (VLBW)(Below 1,500 grams (3.3 pounds)
• Extremely low birth weight (ELBW)(Below 1,000 grams (2.2
pounds)

• Causes
• born before _________of gestation [=period of pregnancy]
(Preterm infant)
• Completed 38 weeks of gestation with unexpected low birth
weight (Small-for-date infant, i.e. lighter than usual)

• Consequences
• lower levels of responsiveness at birth and in the early months
of life
• suffer from respiratory distress syndrome due to poorly
developed lung 12
Impact of pregnancy

(1) The impact of the fetus on the pregnant woman


• Pregnancy alters a woman’s body image and sense of
well-being
• Changes in roles and social status
• E.g., fewer responsibilities in workplace, or may be
viewed as an annoyance (e.g. frequent absenteeism)
• E.g., being treated with great concern and care in
family
• E.g., change of social roles in the family, e.g.
mother/father → grandmother/grandfather;
sisters/brothers → aunts/uncles
• Any differences across cultures?
13
Impact of pregnancy

(1) The impact of the fetus on the pregnant woman


• Changes in emotional state
• Anxiety and depression; or excitement and
hopefulness
• Physical changes become a source of stress
o E.g., nausea, being tired, indigestion, worrying
the health and care of the new baby
• Prenatal depression and postpartum depression

14
Impact of pregnancy

(2) The impact of the pregnant woman on the fetus


• Factors affecting the fetus
• Poverty
• ______________
• Drug use
o Nicotine
o Alcohol
o Caffeine
• …(more details
in your textbook)

15

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