VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 0

VOLUME
3

SECTORAL
STUDIES

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

2019-2028
MUNICIPALITY OF SAN FERNANDO
PROVINCE
VOLUME OFSTUDIES
3 - SECTORAL BUKIDNONCLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 1
 VOLUME 3
SECTORAL STUDIES

1. DEMOGRAPHY PAGE NO.

1.1. Historical Growth of Population 10

1.2. Population by Barangay 10
1.3. Population by Urban and Rural Barangay, Household Number
and Average Household Size 10
1.4. Population Density by Barangay 11
1.5. Population by Age Group and Sex 12
1.6. Population Composition by Working-age and Dependent-age 13
1.7. Population by Highest Grade Completed 14
1.8. Literacy of Population 14
1.9. Labor Force Population by Employment Status and Sex 15
1.10. Population by Mother Tounge by Sex 15
1.11. Household Population by Religious Affiliation 16
1.12. Demographic Projections 17

2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Geographic Location 23

2.2 Political Jurisdiction 23
2.3 Land Area and Classification 23
2.4 Topography 29
2.5 Slopes 32
2.6 Waters 32
2.7 Geological Formation and Characteristic of Soil 40
2.8 Land Cover 43
2.9 Mineral Resources 45
2.10 Climate 45
2.11 Erosion 47
2.12 Geohazard and Risk Assessment 49

3. SPECIAL STUDIES

3.1 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) 55

3.2 Ecosystem and Biodiversity 99
3.3 Ancestral Domain and Cultural Heritage 131

4. SOCIAL SECTOR

3.1 Major Sector Goal 153

3.2 Major Sector SWOT Matrix 153
3.3 Sub-Sector Studies
3.3.1 Housing 155
3.3.2 Health 162
3.3.3 Education 191
3.3.4 Protective Services 208
3.3.5 Sports and Recreation 218
3.3.6 Social Welfare 224

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5. ECONOMIC SECTOR

4.1 Major Sector Goal 233

4.2 Major Sector SWOT Matrix 233

4.3 Sub-Sector Studies

4.3.1 Industry 236
4.3.2 Trade and Commerce 244
4.3.3 Agriculture 255
4.3.4 Forestry 266
4.3.5 Tourism 273

6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

5.1 Major Sector Goal 285
5.2 Major Sector SWOT Matrix 285
5.3 Sub-Sector Studies
5.3.1 Transportation 287
5.3.2 Power 294
5.3.3 Water 297
5.3.4 Communication 302
5.3.5 Solid Waste Management 306

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Historical Growth of Population 10

Table 3.2 Population by Barangay 11
Table 3.3 Population Density by Barangay 12
Table 3.4 Population by Age Group 13
Table 3.5 Population by Highest Grade Completed 14
Table 3.6 Literacy of the Household Population 10 Years old
and Over by Age Group and Sex 15
Table 3.7 Labor Force Population by Employment Status and Sex 15
Table 3.8 Population by Mother Tounge by Sex 16
Table 3.9 Household Population by Religious Affiliation 16
Table 3.10 Projected Population by Barangay 18
Table 3.11 Projected Population by Age Group 19
Table 3.12 Projected School Population, Labor Force and
Dependent Population 20
Table 3.13 Projected Number of Household by Barangay 20
Table 3.14 Projected Household Population 21
Table 3.15 Land Area by Barangay 27
Table 3.16 Land Classification by Barangay 29
Table 3.17 Slope Classification 32
Table 3.18 List of Rivers and Creeks by Barangay 33
Table 3.19 Geologic Formation and Soil Characteristics 41
Table 3.20 Land Cover 43
Table 3.21 Climate Data 45
Table 3.22 Level of Erosion 47
Table 3.23 Hazard Susceptibility 49
Table 3.24 Hazards identified in the Barangays in the Social Sector 51
Table 3.25 Hazards Identified in the Barangyas in the Economic Sector 51
Table 3.26 Hazards Identified in the Barangays in the Economic Sector
(Agriculture-Crops and Livestock) 52
Table 3.27 Hazards Identified in the barangays in Environment Sector 52

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Table 3.28 Hazards Identified in the Barangays in Infrastructure Sector 53
Table 3.29 CLIRAM of the Projected Seasonal Change in the Total Rainfall
(in millimeters) in the Mid-21st Century (2036-2065) 56
Table 3.30 CLIRAM Projected Temperature (⁰C), 2036-2065 57
Table 3.31 Projected Frequency of Extreme Events, 2020-2050 58
Table 3.32 Disaster Historical Events and Hazards Recorded 59
Table 3.33 Flood Susceptibility, Likelihood of Occurrence, and Description
By Barangay 60
Table 3.34 Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility, Likelihood of Occurrence,
and Description by Barangay 61
Table 3.35 Summary of Actual and Susceptibility hazards by Barangay 62
Table 3.36 List of Hindering and Facilitating in the Implementation of
ADSDPP for the Past 12 Years 133
Table 3.37 Housing Situation for the Last 3 Censal Years 156
Table 3.38 Number of Household by Barangay 156
Table 3.39 Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Building 157
Table 3.40 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials
of the Outer Wall and Roof 158
Table 3.41 Occupied Housing Units and Lots by Tenure Status
for the Last Three Censal Years 158
Table 3.42 Inventory of Residential Subdivisions 159
Table 3.43 List of RHU Personnel 163
Table 3.44 Health Financing Comparison (LGU Budget for Health) 163
Table 3.45 Vital Health Statistics 164
Table 3.46 Crude Birth Rate 164
Table 3.47 Infant Mortality Rate 165
Table 3.48 Leading Causes of Infant Mortality 165
Table 3.49 Comparison of Maternal and Infant Deaths 166
Table 3.50 Two Leading Causes of Maternal Death 166
Table 3.51 Number of Women Avail the Prenatal Care 167
Table 3.52 Number of Women Avail Post-Partum Care 168
Table 3.53 Comparison between Live Births and Child Mortality Rate 168
Table 3.54 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 171
Table 3.55 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity 174
Table 3.56 Five-Year Average of 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity 174
Table 3.57 Ten Leading Cause of Mortality 175
Table 3.58 Five-Year Average of Leading Causes of Mortality 175
Table 3.59 Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Data 176
Table 3.60 Exclusive Breastfeeding 178
Table 3.61 Data on Malnutrition 179
Table 3.62 Cases of Newborn Screening 180
Table 3.63 Number of Health Service Provider (HSP) by Barangay 181
Table 3.64 Number of Safe Water Facilities 182
Table 3.65 Sanitary Toilet Facilities 184
Table 3.66 Food Establishment 184
Table 3.67 Disposal Facilities 185
Table 3.68 Number of Smokers by Age 186
Table 3.69 Number of Smokers by Gender 186
Table 3.70 Literacy of the Household Population 10 years old and over
by Age, Group and Sex 191
Table 3.71 School-age Population 192
Table 3.72 IP and PWD Children Classification 194
Table 3.73 Inventory of Elementary Schools 195
Table 3.74 Elementary Enrollment Data 197

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Table 3.75 List of Secondary Secondary Schools 198
Table 3.76 Historical Data on Enrollment 198
Table 3.77 Secondary Enrollment Data 198
Table 3.78 Projected School-Age Population 202
Table 3.79 Projected School-Age Population 202
Table 3.80 Police Protective Services Data 209
Table 3.81 List of Crime Incidence for the last 3 Years 210
Table 3.82 Number of Children below 18 Years Old in Conflict with Law
, for the Past Three Years 211
Table 3.83 Total Number of BPATs by Barangay 211
Table 3.84 Number of Existing Military Camps 212
Table 3.85 Fire Protective Services 213
Table 3.86 Fire Incidence for the Last 3 years 214
Table 3.87 Projected Number of Policemen, Firemen and Firetruck 214
Table 3.88 List of Sports Events (Boys and Girls) 219
Table 3.89 Recreational Facilities/ Hot Spots 220
Table 3.90 Type of Clientele and Number of Population Served 224
Table 3.91 Number of 4Ps and IPs Beneficiaries 225
Table 3.92 Day Care Facility and Clientele 225
Table 3.93 Inventory of Existing Industrial Establishment 237
Table 3.94 Inventory of Existing Cottage Industries 238
Table 3.95 Inventory of Commercial Areas 244
Table 3.96 Business Permits Granted for the Past 5 Years 250
Table 3.97 Agrarian Reform by Type of Area and Number of Farmer
Beneficiaries 255
Table 3.98 Area devoted to Agricultural Production 258
Table 3.99 Major Agricultural Commodities 258
Table 3.100 Irrigation Facilities by Area Covered and Location 259
Table 3.101 Existing Number of Agro-Industrial Establishment by
Type and Area (Ha) 260
Table 3.102 Status on Basic Food Items 261
Table 3.103 List of Registered Integrated Social Forestry (ISF)/
Community Based Forestry Management (CBFM) 266
Table 3.104 Program/Projects Implemented 267
Table 3.105 Classified Forest Lands 267
Table 3.106 Developmental Programs/ Projects in Forest Lands 269
Table 3.107 Inventory of Tourism Spots/Attractions 274
Table 3.108 Tourist Consolidated Data Summary 278
Table 3.109 Potential Culture Preservation (Including Festivals) 279
Table 3.110 Road Network by Classification and Type of pavement 287
Table 3.111 Inventory of Bridges by Type 288
Table 3.112 Distance from the Urban Core by Barangay 291
Table 3.113 Projected Urban – Urbanizing Areas Road Requirements 292
Table 3.114 Number of Household Served by Electricity for the Past Three
Years 295
Table 3.115 Newly Constructed Level II Potable Water System
(Gravity Driven) 297
Table 3.116 Number of Households Served by Level I Water System 299
Table 3.117 Projected per Capita Water Requirements 300
Table 3.118 Type and location of Communication Facilities 302
Table 3.119 Current and Projected Volume of Mails Received and Dispatched 303
Table 3.120 Current and Projected Waste Generation 306
Table 3.121 Quantity of Waste Disposed by Sector 308
Table 3.122 Quantity and Composition of Waste Disposed by Sector 308

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 CLIRAM of the Projected Seasonal Change in the Total 57

st
Temperature (⁰C) in the Mid-21 Century
Figure 3.2 CLIRAM Projected Temperature (⁰C), 2036-2065 58
Figure 3.3 Population (Residential) Flood Exposure Map 64
Figure 3.4 Urban Use Flood Exposure Map 64
Figure 3.5 Population (Residential) Flood Risk Map 66
Figure 3.6 Urban Use Flood Risk Map 66
Figure 3.7 Critical Facilities Flood Exposure Map 67
Figure 3.8 Critical Facilities Flood Risk Map 67
Figure 3.9 Lifeline Flood Exposure Map (Roads and Bridges) 69
Figure 3.10 Lifeline Flood Risk Map (Roads and Bridges) 69
Figure 3.11 Natural Bases Resources Agricultural Areas Flood Exposure
Map 72
Figure 3.12 Natural Bases Resources Agricultural Areas Flood Risk Map 72
Figure 3.13 Natural Bases Resources Forest Flood Exposure Map 73
Figure 3.14 Population (Residential) Landslide Exposure Map 73
Figure 3.15 Urban Use Landslide Exposure Map 75
Figure 3.16 Population (Residential) Landslide Exposure Map 75
Figure 3.17 Population (Residential) Landslide Risk Map 77
Figure 3.18 Urban Use Landslide Risk Map 77
Figure 3.19 Critical Facilities Landslide Exposure Map 78
Figure 3.20 Critical Facilities Landslide Risk Map 78
Figure 3.21 Lifeline Landslide Exposure Map 80
Figure 3.22 Lifeline Landslide Risk Map (Roads and Bridges) 80
Figure 3.23 Natural Bases Resources Agricultural Areas Landslide Exposure
Map 81
Figure 3.24 Natural Bases Resources Agricultural Areas Landslide Risk Map 81
Figure 3.25 Natural Basses Resources Forest Landslide Exposure Map 83
Figure 3.26 Natural Bases Resources Forest Landslide Risk Map 83
Figure 3.27 Impact Chain Diagram (Forest) 84
Figure 3.28 Impact Chain Diagram (Agriculture) 85
Figure 3.29 Impact Chain Diagram (Urban) 86
Figure 3.30 Species Composition of Vertebrates in Mt. Malimumu 100
Figure 3.31 Diversity Indices of Vertebrates Using Simpsons Index 100
Figure 3.32 Diversity Indices Using Shannon Diversity Index 101
Figure 3.33 Refraction Plot 101
Figure 3.34 Conservation Status of Vertebrates 102
Figure 3.35 Ecological Status of Vertebrates 102
Figure 3.36 Threatened and Endemic Species of Vertebrates in Mt. Malimumu 103
Figure 3.37 Philippine Endemic Bird and Critically Endangered 103
Figure 3.38 Philippine Endemic Bird Species 104
Figure 3.39 Endemic/Vulnerable Amphibians 104
Figure 3.40 Endemic Reptiles 105
Figure 3.41 Endemic/Vulnerable Mammals 105
Figure 3.42 Species Richness of Invertebrates in Mt. Malimumu 106
Figure 3.43 Ecological Status of Invertebrates in Mt. Malimumu 106
Figure 3.44 Threatened Invertebrates of Mt. Malimumu 107
Figure 3.45 Endemic Lepidoptera 107
Figure 3.46 Endemic Phasmatodea 108
Figure 3.47 Summary (Fauna) 108
Figure 3.48 Species and Composition 109
Figure 3.49 Species Importance Value (Trees and Shrubs) 109
Figure 3.50 Species Importance value 9Ferns and Lycophytes) 110

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 6

Figure 3.51 Sample of Tree Profile 110
Figure 3.52 Diversity Indices 111
Figure 3.53 Conservation Status of Flora 111
Figure 3.54 Percentage of Plant Endemism 112
Figure 3.55 Some Threatened Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Trees and
Shrubs 112
Figure 3.56 Some Threatened Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Ferns and
Lycophytes 113
Figure 3.57 Some Threatened Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Other
Flowering Plants 113
Figure 3.58 New Distribution Records 114
Figure 3.59 Conclusion (Flora) 114
Figure 3.60 Aquatic Plant Species Composition 115
Figure 3.61 Aquatic Tree Profile 115
Figure 3.62 Some Threatened and Endemic Species of Ferns and
Lycophytes 116
Figure 3.63 Some Threatened, Endemic and Rare Trees, Shrubs and
Flowering 116
Plants
Figure 3.64 Native and Endemic Species of Fish in Nabangkal River 117
Figure 3.65 Introduced and Invasive Species of Fish in Nabangkal River 117
Figure 3.66 Physico-chemical Parameters of Nabangkal River 118
Figure 3.67 Conclusions (Aquatic Species) 119
Figure 3.68 Image of the Peak of Mt. Malimumu and the Native Residence 119
Figure 3.69 Map of barangay Magkalungay, San Fernando, Bukidnon 119
Figure 3.70 Interview Protocol 120
Figure 3.71 Socio-Demographic Profile 120
Figure 3.72 Key informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion 121
Figure 3.73 interview Results (Natural Resource utilization) 121
Figure 3.74 Interview Results (Natural Resource Conservation and
Management) 124
Figure 3.75 Interview Results (Reasons for Continuous Farming and
Extraction of Forest Resources) 127
Figure 3.76 Conclusion on Indigenous Knowledge System on Natural
Resource Utilization, Conservation, and Management in
Mt. Malimumu 129
Figure 3.77 Crude Birth Rate 164
Figure 3.78 Infant Mortality Rate 165
Figure 3.79 Facility Based Delivery 169
Figure 3.80 Skilled Birth Attendant 170
Figure 3.81 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 171
Figure 3.82 Percentage of Teenage Pregnancy 172
Figure 3.83 Fertility Rate 172
Figure 3.84 Exclusive Breastfeeding 178
Figure 3.85 Malnutrition 179
Figure 3.86 Water Supply Facilities 182
Figure 3.87 Water Supply Facilities per Barangay 183
Figure 3.88 Toilet Facilities 183
Figure 3.89 Toilet Facilities per Barangay 184

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LIST OF MAPS

Map 1 Bukidnon Map 24

Map 2 Municipal Map 25
Map 3 Vicinity Map 26
Map 4 Land Classification Map 28
Map 5 Topographic Map 30
Map 6 Slope Map 31
Map 7 Watershed Map 37
Map 8 Sub-watershed Map 38
Map 9 Surface Drainage Map 39
Map 10 Geologic Map 42
Map 11 Land Cover Map 44
Map 12 Mineral Map 46
Map 13 Erosion Map 48
Map 14 Hazard Map 50
Map 17 Tenurial Map 268

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 1

DEMOGRAPHY

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1. DEMOGRAPHY
1.1 HISTORICAL GROWTH OF POPULATION

The 1st censal year conducted for the municipality was in 1970 with only 6,698 head counts.
Ten years later, the average annual growth rate was recorded with 5.97% or an increase of the
population to 23,083. Table 3.1 displays the ascending number of the populace although the
municipality experienced an irregular trend of the average annual growth rate from 3.38% in 1995,
1.51% in 2007 to 2.15% in 2015. This is due to several factors concerning economic conditions,
cultural orientations and error in enumerations.

Table 3.1
Historical Growth of Population
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
1970-2015

Year Population Growth Rate

1970 6,698
1975 17,270 20.86%
1980 23,083 5.97%
1990 29,052 2.33%
1995 34,299 3.38%
2000 40,165 3.21%
2007 44,595 1.51%
2010 50,207 4.03%
2015 56,138 2.15%
Source: Philipine Statistics Authority (PSA) (formerly National Statistics Office)

1.2 POPULATION BY BARANGAY

The official count released by the Philippine Statistics Authority, PSA (formerly National
Statistics Office, NSO) in 2015 for the 24 Barangays is 56,138 populace as shown in Table 3.2.

Halapitan, the urban barangay as well as the center of all activities and services got the
highest percentage of the population with 18.21% or 10,221 head counts among the twenty four
(24) barangays. The urban/urbanizing barangays of Kalagangan, Little Baguio and Namnam are
the 2nd to 4th preferences of the populace for residency with 5,569, 4,862, and 3,807 headcounts
respectively. The rural barangays of Bulalang, Cabuling and Cayaga are the least populated
barangays counting to 669, 836, and 910 headcounts respectively.

1.3 POPULATION BY URBAN AND RURAL BARANGAY, HOUSEHOLD

NUMBER AND AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

In 2015, the level of urbanization or the percentage of population residing in urban area in
San Fernando was recorded at 10.21%. This means that the total of 10,221 person resided in
Barangay Halapitan is classified as urban. However, there are seven barangays namely:
Candelaria, Kalagangan, Little Baguio, Mabuhay, Nacabuklad, Namnam and Sacramento Valley,
considered in the urbanizing core due to some urban activities and characterizations that are
expanded on these areas.

In Census 2015, as shown in Table 3.2, the Municipality had a total of 12,394 households
with an average household size of 4.52. Consistent with the number of population, the
urban/urbanizing barangays of Halapitan, Kalagangan, and Little Baguio ranked also as the top 3
highest barangays with the most number of households. The factors of the people’s preferences to
reside in these areas are a.) Nearness to their working places, b.) Easy access to services and
facilities and c.) Better opportunities. Barangay Halapitan had 2,257 households, Kalagangan had
1,230 while Little Baguio had 1,073 households. The least number of household is barangay
Bulalang with only 148 or 1.19% of the total household number. This hinterland barangay has a
narrow, earthly and high terrain road that can only be reached through motorcycle ride.

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Table 3.2
Population by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Barangay Number of Percent to Household Household

Population Total (%) Population Number
Urban
1. Halapitan 10,221 10.21 10,192 2,257
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 910 1.62 907 201
2.Kalagangan 5,569 9.92 5,553 1,230
3.Little Baguio 4,862 8.66 4,848 1,073
4.Mabuhay 3,083 5.49 3,074 681
5.Nacabuklad 1,250 2.23 1,247 276
6.Namnam 3,807 6.78 3,796 840
7.Sacramento Valley 1,870 3.33 1,865 413
Sub-total 21,351 38.03 21,290 4,714
Rural
1. Bonacao 1,989 3.54 1,983 439
2. Bulalang 669 1.19 667 148
3. Cabuling 836 1.49 834 185
4. Cayaga 1,292 2.30 1,288 285
5. Dao 1,989 3.54 1,983 439
6. Durian 970 1.73 967 214
7. Iglugsad 1,622 2.89 1,617 358
8. Kawayan 1,778 3.17 1,773 393
9. Kibongcog 1,935 3.45 1,930 427
10. Magkalungay 2,533 4.51 2,526 559
11. Malayanan 1,246 2.22 1,243 275
12. Matupe 2,121 3.78 2,115 468
13. Palacpacan 1,412 2.52 1,408 312
14. San Jose 973 1.73 970 215
15. Sto. Domingo 1,529 2.72 1,525 338
16. Tugop 1,672 2.98 1,667 369
Sub-total 24,566 43.76 24,499 5,423
Total 56,138 100 55,981 12,394

Percentage 100% 99.72%

Average Household Size 4.52

Number of Population belong to Institutional Household 157 (0.28%)

Source: PSA, Population Census (POPCEN) 2015

It is noted also in Table 3.2 that 99.72% of population are considered in the household
population while the rest percentage of 0.28% or 157 populace belong to institutional population
which constituted that part of the total population who have their own families or households
elsewhere and whose usual place of residence were collective or institutional living quarters such
as boarding houses, hospitals, doctor and nurse’s quarters, convents, military camps, and
construction camps.

1.4 POPULATION DENSITY BY BARANGAY

The gross population density of the municipality as shown in Table 3.3 is about one person
per hectare. Barangay Halapitan, the only urban area, has a population density of two persons per
hectare or two times higher than the gross population density of the municipality.

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Table 3.3
Population Density by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Barangay Area (in Rank Population Rank Population Density Rank

hectare)
Urban
1. Halapitan 6,162.10 4 10,221 1 1.66 2 person per hectare 4
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 2,956.67 11 1,292 16 0.31 1 person per 2 hectares 18
2.Kalagangan 5,162.50 6 5,569 2 1.08 1 person per hectare 5
3.Little Baguio 2,847.50 12 4,862 3 1.71 2 person per hectare 3
4.Mabuhay 765.73 24 3,083 5 4.03 4 person per hectare 1
5.Nacabuklad 6,514.17 3 1,250 17 0.19 1 person per 5 hectares 21
6.Namnam 4,057.50 7 3,807 4 0.94 1 person per hectare 6
7.Sacramento 2,321.67 17 1,870 10 0.81 8
Valley
Sub-total 24,625.74 21,733
Rural
1. Bonacao 1510.83 23 1,989 8 1.32 1 person per hectare 17
2. Bulalang 2125.00 18 669 23 0.31 1 person per 3 hectares 18
3. Cabuling 2769.17 14 836 22 0.30 1 person per 3 hectares 19
4. Cayaga 6899.17 2 1,292 16 0.19 1 person per 5 hectares 21
5. Dao 5612.50 5 1,989 8 0.35 1 person per 3 hectares 16
6. Durian 2458.33 16 970 20 0.39 1 person per 3 hectares 14
7. Iglugsad 3389.17 9 1,622 13 0.48 1 person per 2 hectares 12
8. Kawayan 4000.82 8 1,778 11 0.44 1 person per 2 hectares 13
9. Kibongcog 7049.17 1 1,935 9 0.27 1 person per 4 hectares 20
10. Magkalungay 1436.67 22 2,533 6 1.76 2 person per hectare 2
11. Malayanan 1625.83 21 1,246 18 0.77 1 person per hectare 9
12. Matupe 3131.67 10 2,121 7 0.68 1 person per hectare 10
13. Palacpacan 2792.50 13 1,412 15 0.51 1 person per 2 hectares 11
14. San Jose 2628.33 15 973 19 0.37 1 person per 3 hectares 15
15. Sto. Domingo 1873.33 20 1,529 14 0.82 1 person per hectare 7
16. Tugop 2071.67 19 1,672 12 0.81 1 person per hectare 8

Sub-total 51,374.16 24,566

Total 82,162 56,138 Municipal 1 person per hectare
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

Seven barangays belong to urbanizing core with a population density of one person per
hectare. Population density outside the urban core is one person per two (2) hectares which is lower
than the overall average.

Among the barangays, densest concentration of population is attributed to the lowest

territorial area of the municipality, the Barangay Mabuhay at four persons per hectare. It is notable
that lowest densities figured at 2nd and 3rd larger territorial areas in the municipality, Cayaga and
Nacabuklad at one person per five hectares.

1.5 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX

Dominantly populated by the young generation, age group 5-9 taken the lead with 13.62%
as shown in Table 3.4. Following closely are age groups 10-14 and 1-4 with 12.21% and 11.53%,
respectively. It is close to a perfect pyramid figure with a heavy bottom to a very lean top with the
population gradually decreasing from ages 5-9 to 80 and above or from as high as 13.62% to 0.49%
at the top. Male population in all ages had higher number than female noting an average percentage
of 52.35% or a population of 29,391.

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Table 3.4
Population by Age Group
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Age Group Population Percent to Male Female

Census 2015 Total (%)
Under 1 1,662 2.96 845 817
1-4 6,474 11.53 3,383 3,091
5-9 7,647 13.62 3,946 3,701
10-14 6,853 12.21 3,578 3,275
15-19 5,569 9.92 2,899 2,670
20-24 4,821 8.59 2,496 2,325
25-29 4,318 7.69 2,323 1,995
30-34 3,598 6.41 1,890 1,708
35-39 3,273 5.83 1,787 1,486
40-44 2,913 5.19 1,531 1,382
45-49 2,459 4.38 1,280 1,179
50-54 1,998 3.56 1,059 939
55-59 1,490 2.65 785 705
60-64 1,120 2.0 605 515
65-69 789 1.41 412 377
70-74 550 0.98 279 271
75-79 330 0.59 166 164
80 and over 274 0.49 127 147
All Ages 56,138 100% 29,391 26,747
Percentage to Total 52.35% 47.65%

0-4 years 8,136 14.49 4,228 3,908

5 years and over 48,002 85.51 25,163 22,839
Young Dependents 22,636 40.32 11,752 10,884
(0-14years)
Labor force 33,502 59.68 17,639 15,863
(15 years old and over)
Working age 31,559 56.22 16,655 14,904
(15-64 years)
School age 24,890 44.34 12,919 11,971
(5-24 years)
18 years and over 30,034 53.50 15,823 14,211
60 years and over 3,063 5.46 1,589 1,474
Old Dependents 1,943 3.46 984 959
(65 years and over)
Total Dependent-Age 24,579 43.78 12,736 11,843
Age Dependency Ratio 77.88%
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

1.6 POPULATION COMPOSITION BY WORKING-AGE AND DEPENDENT- AGE

The population below 15 years old is considered young dependents while population 65
years old and over is the old dependents. Table 3.4 shows that there are 22,636 young dependents
while their old counterparts are only 1,943 dependents reflected to the total of 24,579 dependents
or 43.78% of the total number of all ages. Ages 15 years old and over are considered in the labor
force population having a counterpart of 33,502 or 59.68% of the total population in 2015. Of this
number, 31,559 of the population is considered in the working-age (15-64 years old).

The municipality’s picture of the age dependency ratio which is the result of the total number
of dependents over the total number of population in the working-age is 77.88% or 77 dependents
for every 100 working-age.

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1.7 POPULATION BY HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED

There is a total of 48,002 population belongs to the age group of 5 years and over
considered to be identified with highest grade completed during the Population Census 2015
wherein males dominated the number with average percentage of 52.42%. Out of this total, there
are 6,784 or 14.13% identified with no grade completed as presented in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5
Population by Highest Grade Completed
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Highest Grade/Year Completed Male Female Both Sexes Percent to

Total (%)
No grade completed 3,462 3,322 6,784 14.13
Preschool 927 850 1,777 3.70
Special education - - -
Elementary 13,929 10,981 24,910 51.89
1st to 4th grade 8,846 6,650 15,496 32.28
5th to 6th grade 2,267 1,790 4,057 8.45
Graduate 2,816 2,541 5,357 11.16
High School 5,572 5,834 11,406 23.76
Undergraduate 3,012 3,166 6,178 12.87
Graduate 2,560 2,668 5,228 1.89
Postsecondary 66 176 242 0.50
Undergraduate 7 5 12 0.02
Graduate 59 171 230 0.48
College undergraduate 722 882 1,604 3.34
Baccalaureate/ college graduate 468 765 1,233 2.57
Post baccalaureate 11 17 28 0.06
Not stated 6 12 18 0.04
TOTAL 25,163 22,839 48,002 100
Percentage to Total 52.42% 47.58%
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

However, dominant population had taken elementary level comprising a number of 24,910
or 51.89% wherein 11.16% are graduates of this level. The common factor that affects the situation
is the unavailability of higher level of education. Only six barangays offer high school level namely:
Halapitan, Little Baguio, Kalagangan, Namnam, Sto. Domingo and Durian.

There are only 1,233 college graduates or 2.57% of the total age group whose majority of
the courses completed was elementary education for the reason that the only tertiary school
operated in Barangay Halapitan offered only few courses like education, criminology and secretarial
administration up to second year level only and have the option to continue completing the course
at Valencia City of the same main college campus.

For the desire of gaining higher standard of education, mostly high school graduates take
college courses at nearby tertiary schools from neighbouring cities and municipalities like Valencia,
Malaybalay and Maramag, Bukidnon

1.8 LITERACY OF POPULATION

The latest PSA data on literacy of the household population, 10 years old and over, was in
year 2015. As reflected on Table 3.6, illiterate population is 6,374 or 15.86% of the specified ages
mentioned below. The remaining 84.14% are considered literate.

From the records, both male and female took advantage of the equal opportunities for basic
education as justified by the recorded 52.53% literate males and 47.47% literate females.

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Table 3.6
Literacy of the Household Population 10 years old and over by Age Group and Sex
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Age Group Total Population Literate Illiterate

Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female
Sexes Sexes Sexes
10-14 6,846 3,575 3,271 6,195 3,191 3,004 651 384 267
15-19 5,541 2,883 2,658 4,992 2,571 2,421 549 312 237
20-24 4,779 2,463 2,316 4,191 2,126 2,065 588 337 251
25-29 4,301 2,308 1,993 3,735 2,000 1,735 566 308 258
30-34 3,586 1,878 1,708 2,984 1,579 1,405 602 299 303
35-39 3,258 1,772 1,486 2,599 1,450 1,149 659 322 337
40-44 2,905 1,526 1,379 2,251 1,199 1,052 654 327 327
45-49 2,452 1,273 1,179 1,948 1,035 913 504 238 266
50-54 1,986 1,049 937 1,543 833 710 443 216 227
55-59 1,484 782 702 1,142 593 549 342 189 153
60-64 1,119 605 514 889 499 390 230 106 124
65 yr old & 1,941 984 957 1,355 693 662 586 291 295
over
Total 40,198 21,098 19,100 33,824 17,769 16,055 6,374 3,329 3,045
Percent to 100% 52.49% 47.51% 84.14% 52.53% 47.47% 15.86% 52.28 47.72%
Total
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

1.9 LABOR FORCE POPULATION BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND SEX

As reflected in Table 3.7, there are 23,277 or 69.48% of the total age group identified as
employed individuals wherein male population doubled the female counts. Most of these employed
individuals are working as laborers in the agricultural and construction industry wherein preferred
workers are males. Out of the total unemployed population, female individuals dominated the
average percentage whose status are mostly plain housewives.

Table 3.7
Labor Force Population by Employment Status and Sex
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Population Employment Status

Ages in the Labor Census Male Female Employed Unemployed
Force 2015 Male Female Total Male Female Total
15-19 5,569 2,899 2,670 1,534 830 2,364 1,365 1,840 3,205
20-24 4,821 2,496 2,325 2,205 997 3,202 291 1,328 1,619
25-29 4,318 2323 1,995 2,239 973 3,212 84 1,022 1,106
30-34 3,598 1,890 1,708 1,848 925 2,773 42 783 825
35-39 3,273 1,787 1,486 1,761 829 2,590 26 657 683
40-44 2,913 1,531 1,382 1,512 856 2,368 19 526 545
45-49 2,459 1,280 1,179 1,255 769 2,024 25 410 435
50-54 1,998 1,059 939 1,028 577 1,605 31 362 393
55-59 1,490 785 705 753 432 1,185 32 273 305
60-64 1,120 605 515 564 292 856 41 223 264
65 and over 1,943 984 959 721 377 1,098 263 582 845
Total 33,502 17,639 15,863 15,420 7,857 23,277 2,219 8,006 10,225
Percentage 47.35% 23.45% 69.48% 6.62% 23.90% 30.52%
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

1.10 POPULATION BY MOTHER TOUNGE BY SEX

There is no latest data gathered regarding population by mother tounge by sex so the
reference is considered in the data gathered in Censal Year 2000. There are 18,434 or 45.90% of
the 40,165 population in 2000 that speak Cebuano in the entire locality. In-migration and
intermarriages are clear indication of the presence of some dialects spoken like the Hiligaynon-
Ilongo, the Matigsalog, the Manobo, Boholano and some dialects from other provinces countryside

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as reflected in Table 3.8. Sex composition is 106 males for every 100 females or a little over males
in a ratio of 1 male for every 1 female.
Table 3.8
Population by Mother Tounge by Sex
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2000

Number of Population
Mother Tounge Both Sexes Percent to Total Male Female
Cebuano 18,434 45.90% 9,522 8,912
Hiligaynon-Illongo 5,518 13.74% 2,901 2,617
Matigsalog 4,387 10.92% 2,194 2,193
Manobo 3,493 8.70% 1,766 1,727
Boholano 2,546 6.34% 1,337 1,209
Tigwahanon 2,038 5.07% 1,016 1,022
Bisaya 1,598 3.98% 821 777
Karay-a 753 1.87% 404 349
Bukidnon 259 0.64% 129 130
Waray 110 0.27% 61 49
Ilocano 104 0.25% 53 51
Others 925 2.30% 495 430
Total 40,165 100% 20,699 19,466
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2000

1.11 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION

The same also with the population by religious affiliation, the data was gathered from the
census year 2000. The Roman Catholic dominated the municipality with 51.51% of the household
population practising the said religion. Following at par are the Seventh Day Adventist with 13.09%
and the Evangelicals with 6.33%. Other religious affiliation of the remaining 29.07 percent
household population is shown on Table 3.9.

Table 3.9
Household Population by Religious Affiliation
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2000

Religious Affiliation and Municipality Both Percent to Male Female

Sexes Total
Roman Catholic 20,687 51.51% 10,760 9,927
Aglipayan 368 0.92% 186 182
Islam 50 0.12% 27 23
Iglesia ni Cristo 207 0.52% 110 97
United Church of Christ in the Philippines 985 2.45% 521 464
Lutheran Church in the Philippines 2 0.005% 2 -
Philippine Episcopal Church 32 0.08% 17 15
Iglesia Evangelista Methodista en Las Filipinas 51 0.13% 26 25
United Methodist Church 9 0.02% 6 3
Other Methodist 33 0.08% 18 15
Salvation Army, Philippines 1 0.002% - 1
Convention of the Philippine Baptist Church 1,029 2.56% 545 484
Other Protestant 342 0.85% 171 171
Buddhist 3 0.007% 1 2
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints 86 0.21% 40 46
Jehovah’s Witness 196 0.49% 96 100
Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association 58 0.14% 31 27
Seventh Day Adventist 5,256 13.09% 2,681 2,575
Evangelist 2,541 6.33% 1,305 1,236
Bible Baptist 416 1.04% 212 204
Southern Baptist 464 1.16% 241 223
Association of Baptist Churches in Luzon, Visayas and 3 0.007% 1 2
Mindanao
Association of Fundamental Baptist Church in the Philippines 470 1.17% 240 230
International Baptist Missionary Fellowship - - - -
Missionary Baptist Churches of the Philippines 5 0.01% 4 1
Other Baptist 1,107 2.76% 540 567
Tribal Religious 803 2.0% 390 413
Others 4,382 10.91% 2,216 2,166
None 266 0.66% 142 124
Unknown 313 0.78% 170 143

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 TOTAL 40,165 100% 20,699 19,466
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2000
1.12 DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

The 10-year planning period is 2019-2028. All projections for demography and sectoral
requirements have to be consistent with the planning years. For demography, the projected
population at the end of the 5th year (2023), otherwise known as the medium term planning period
will be 66,552 as shown in Table 3.10.

In 2028, the 10th year of the planning period, the projected population will reach to 74,021.
Based on the average 2.15% annual growth rate from 2010-2015, the estimated population of the
municipality will double in 32 years reaching a projected population of 112,276.

Population by age group will maintain the trend, having age group 5-9 with the highest
count. This will still be followed by age groups 10-14 and 1-4 respectively. The head counts
gradually diminish towards old age as reflected in Tables 3.11 and 3.12.

The urban/urbanizing barangays as the center of planned developments, the seat of

government, the venue for commercial and institutional activities will remain the people’s choice for
residency. The number of households and household population will be increased in these areas
as shown in Tables 3.13 and 3.14.

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 Table 3.10
Projected Population by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Barangay Census 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2015
1. Bonacao 1,989 2,166 2,212 2,260 2,308 2,358 2,409 2,460 2,513 2,567 2,623
2. Bulalang 669 728 744 760 776 793 810 828 845 864 882
3. Cabuling 836 910 930 950 970 991 1,012 1,034 1,056 1,079 1,102
4. Cayaga 910 991 1,012 1,034 1,056 1,079 1,102 1,126 1,150 1,175 1,200
5. Candelaria 1,292 1,407 1,437 1,468 1,499 1,532 1,565 1,598 1,633 1,668 1,704
6. Dao 1,989 2,166 2,212 2,260 2,308 2,358 2,409 2,460 2,513 2,567 2,623
7. Durian 970 1,056 1,079 1,102 1,126 1,150 1,175 1,200 1,226 1,252 1,279
8. Halapitan 10,221 11,129 11,368 11,612 11,862 12,117 12,378 12,644 12,916 13,193 13,477
9. Iglugsad 1,622 1,766 1,804 1,843 1,882 1,923 1,964 2,006 2,050 2,094 2,139
10. Kalagangan 5,569 6,064 6,194 6,327 6,463 6,602 6,744 6,889 7,037 7,188 7,343
11. Kawayan 1,778 1,936 1,978 2,020 2,063 2,108 2,153 2,199 2,247 2,295 2,344
12. Kibongcog 1,935 2,107 2,152 2,198 2,246 2,294 2,343 2,394 2,445 2,498 2,551
13. Little Baguio 4,862 5,294 5,408 5,524 5,643 5,764 5,888 6,014 6,144 6,276 6,411
14. Mabuhay 3,083 3,357 3,429 3,503 3,578 3,655 3,734 3,814 3,896 3,980 4,065
15. Magkalungay 2,533 2,758 2,817 2,878 2,940 3,003 3,067 3,133 3,201 3,270 3,340
16. Malayanan 1,246 1,357 1,386 1,416 1,446 1,477 1,509 1,541 1,574 1,608 1,643
17. Matupe 2,121 2,309 2,359 2,410 2,462 2,514 2,569 2,624 2,680 2,738 2,797
18. Nacabuklad 1,250 1,361 1,390 1,420 1,451 1,482 1,514 1,546 1,580 1,614 1,648
19. Namnam 3,807 4,145 4,234 4,325 4,418 4,513 4,610 4,709 4,811 4,914 5,020
20. Palacpacan 1,412 1,537 1,570 1,604 1,639 1,674 1,710 1,747 1,784 1,823 1,862
21. Sacramento Valley 1,870 2,036 2,080 2,125 2,170 2,217 2,265 2,313 2,363 2,414 2,466
22. San Jose 973 1,059 1,082 1,105 1,129 1,154 1,178 1,204 1,230 1,256 1,283
23. Sto. Domingo 1,529 1,665 1,701 1,737 1,775 1,813 1,852 1,891 1,932 1,974 2,016
24. Tugop 1,672 1,820 1,960 1,900 1,940 1,982 2,025 2,068 2,113 2,158 2,205
Total 56,138 61,124 62,438 63,780 65,152 66,552 67,983 69,445 70,938 72,463 74,021
Source: Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO)

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Table 3.11
Projected Population by Age Group
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Percent
Age Census to Total 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Group 2015 (%)
Under 1 1,662 2.96 1,772 1,810 1,849 1,888 1,929 1,970 2,013 2,056 2,100 2,145 2,191
1-4 6,474 11.53 6,901 7,049 7,201 7,355 7,514 7,675 7,840 8,009 8,181 8,357 8,536
5-9 7,647 13.62 8,151 8,326 8,505 8,688 8,875 9,066 9,261 9,460 9,663 9,871 10,083
10-14 6,853 12.21 7,305 7,462 7,622 7,786 7,953 8,124 8,299 8,477 8,660 8,846 9,036
15-19 5,569 9.92 5,936 6,064 6,194 6,327 6,463 6,602 6,744 6,889 7,037 7,188 7,343
20-24 4,821 8.59 5,139 5,249 5,362 5,477 5,595 5,715 5,838 5,964 6,092 6,223 6,357
25-29 4,318 7.69 4,603 4,702 4,803 4,906 5,011 5,119 5,229 5,342 5,456 5,574 5,694
30-34 3,598 6.41 3,835 3,918 4,002 4,088 4,176 4,265 4,357 4,451 4,547 4,644 4,744
35-39 3,273 5.83 3,489 3,564 3,640 3,719 3,799 3,880 3,964 4,049 4,136 4,225 4,316
40-44 2,913 5.19 3,105 3,172 3,240 3,310 3,381 3,453 3,528 3,604 3,681 3,760 3,841
45-49 2,459 4.38 2,611 2,677 2,735 2,794 2,854 2,915 2,978 3,042 3,107 3,174 3,242
50-54 1,998 3.56 2,130 2,175 2,222 2,270 2,319 2,369 2,420 2,472 2,525 2,579 2,634
55-59 1,490 2.65 1,588 1,622 1,657 1,693 1,729 1,766 1,804 1,843 1,883 1,923 1,965
60-64 1,120 2.0 1,194 1,219 1,246 1,272 1,300 1,328 1,356 1,385 1,415 1,446 1,477
65-69 789 1.41 841 859 878 896 916 935 955 976 997 1,018 1,040
70-74 550 0.98 586 599 612 625 638 652 666 680 695 710 725
75-79 330 0.59 352 359 367 375 383 391 400 408 417 426 435
80 and over 274 0.49 292 298 305 311 318 325 332 339 346 354 361
All Ages 56,138 100% 59,837 61,124 62,438 63,780 65,152 66,552 67,983 69,445 70,938 72,463 74,021
0-4 years 8,136 14.49 8,672 8,859 9,049 9,244 9,442 9,645 9,853 10,065 10,281 10,502 10,728
5 years and 48,002 85.51 51,165 52,265 53,389 54,536 55,710 56,907 58,130 59,380 60,657 61,961 63,293
over
18 yearsand 30,034 53.50 32,013 32,702 33,405 34,122 34,857 35,606 36,371 37,153 37,952 38,768 39,601
over
60 years and 3,063 5.46 3,265 3,335 3,407 3,480 3,555 3,631 3,709 3,789 3,871 3,954 4,039
over
Source: MPDO

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Table 3.12
Projected School-age Population, Labor Force and Dependent Population
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

AGE GROUP Census 2015 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
All Ages 56,138 59,837 61,124 62,438 63,780 65,152 66,552 67,983 69,445 70,938 72,463 74,021
Young Dependents 22,636 24,128 24,646 25,176 25,717 26,271 26,835 27,412 28,002 28,604 29,219 29,847
(0-14years)
Working-age 31,559 33,638 34,362 35,101 35,855 36,626 37,413 38,218 39,040 39,879 40,736 41,612
(15-64 years)
Labor force (15 years old over 33,502 35,709 36,478 37,262 38,063 38,881 39,717 40,571 41,443 42,334 43,244 44,174
School age 24,890 26,530 27,101 27,683 28,278 28,887 29,507 30,142 30,790 31,452 32,128 32,819
(5-24 years)
Old Dependents 1,943 2,071 2,116 2,161 2,207 2,255 2,303 2,353 2,404 2,455 2,508 2,562
(65 years and over)
Dependent-Age 24,579 26,199 26,762 27,337 27,925 28,526 29,139 29,765 30,405 31,059 31,727 32,409

Table 3.13
Projected Household Population
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Year Number of Household Population

Census 2015 55,981
Current 2018 59,670
Projected
2019 60,953
2020 62,263
2021 63,602
2022 64,969
2023 66,366
2024 67,793
2025 69,251
2026 70,740
2027 72,261
2028 73,814
Source: MPDO

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Table 3.14
Projected Number of Household by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Barangay 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

Urban
1. Halapitan 2,405 2,457 2,510 2,564 2,619 2,675 2,733 2,791 2,851 2,913 2,975
Urbanizing
1. Candelaria 214 219 223 228 233 238 243 249 254 259 265
2. Kalagangan 1,311 1,339 1,367 1,397 1,427 1,458 1,489 1,521 1,554 1,587 1,621
3. Little Baguio 1,144 1,169 1,194 1,220 1,246 1,273 1,300 1,328 1,356 1,386 1,415
4. Mabuhay 726 741 757 773 790 807 824 842 860 879 897
5. Nacabuklad 294 300 307 314 320 327 334 341 349 356 364
6. Namnam 896 915 935 955 975 996 1,018 1,040 1,062 1,085 1,108
7. Sacramento Valley 440 450 459 469 479 489 500 511 522 533 544
Rural
1. Bonacao 468 478 488 499 510 521 532 543 555 567 579
2. Bulalang 157 161 164 168 171 175 179 183 187 191 195
3. Cabuling 197 201 205 210 214 219 224 228 233 238 243
4. Cayaga 304 311 317 324 331 338 345 353 360 368 376
5. Dao 468 478 488 499 510 521 532 543 555 567 579
6. Durian 228 233 238 243 249 254 259 265 271 276 282
7. Iglugsad 382 390 398 407 416 425 434 443 453 462 472
8. Kawayan 418 427 437 446 456 465 475 486 496 507 518
9. Kibongcog 455 465 475 485 496 506 517 528 540 551 563
10. Magkalungay 596 609 622 635 649 663 677 692 707 722 737
11. Malayanan 293 300 306 313 319 326 333 340 348 355 363
12. Matupe 499 510 521 532 543 555 567 579 592 604 617
13. Palacpacan 332 339 347 354 362 370 378 386 394 402 411
14. San Jose 229 234 239 244 249 255 260 266 271 277 283
15. Sto. Domingo 360 368 375 384 392 400 409 418 427 436 445
16. Tugop 393 402 411 419 428 438 447 457 466 476 487
Total Number of Household 13,211 13,495 13,785 14,081 14,384 14,693 15,009 15,332 15,662 15,998 16,342
Total Population 61,124 62,438 63,780 65,152 66,552 67,983 69,445 70,938 72,463 74,021
Source: MPDO

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 2

PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 22

2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

The Municipality of San Fernando is located in the southeast most portion of the landlocked
Province of Bukidnon, one of the five provinces of Region X, in Northern Mindanao (see Map 1:
Bukidnon Map) and situated at point in the map (see Map 2: Municipal Map) with the following
coordinates: 7˚59’40’’ north latitude and the meridians 125˚17’ to 125˚26’40’’ east longitude.

2.2 POLITICAL JURISDICTION

San Fernando shares political boundaries with the following: Malaybalay City and the
Municipality of Cabanglasan on its Northern side, City of Davao and the Province of North Cotabato
on its southern side, the Province of Davao del Norte on its eastern side and on its western side,
the Municipality of Quezon and City of Valencia. (See Map 3: Vicinity Map).

The town proper of San Fernando – Barangay Halapitan, is approximately thirty one (31)
kilometers from the Poblacion through National Highway up to the City of Valencia and is
approximately sixty two (62) kilometers away from the City of Malaybalay – reckoned from the
Bukidnon Provincial Capitol. Travel time by Public Utility Transport (buses/jeepney) is about 2 hours
from San Fernando to Malaybalay City.

2.3 LAND AREA AND CLASSIFICATION

Comprising 24 barangays as shown in Table 3.15, San Fernando, a first class municipality,
has a total land area of 82,162 hectares which constitutes 7.83% of the total land area of the
Province of Bukidnon.

Barangay Halapitan is the only urban area of the municipality which covers 6,162.10
hectares or 7.50% of the total area. Seven (7) urbanizing barangays cover 24,625.74 hectares
(29.98%) and the remaining 92.50% (51,374.16 hectares) comprises the rural areas.

As shown in Map 4: Land Classification Map, the area of the municipality is approximately
at 82,162 hectares. A large part of this, constituting nearly 91% of the total land area has been
classified as Timberland/Forestal. The rest is Alienable and Disposable area.

Gathered from the same map, every barangay within the municipal jurisdiction have
timberland as part of its land area. In fact, even the Poblacion (Halapitan) itself comprises almost
¾ timberland and only ¼ alienable and disposable (A and D). Some area are even 100% officially
classified as timberland. Only barangay Mabuhay had almost ½ classified as A and D. Table 3.16
shows the details of Land Classification by Barangay as quantified from the Land Classification
Map.

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Map 1: Bukidnon Map

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 24

Map 2: Municipal Map

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 25

Map 3: Vicinity Map

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 26

Table 3.15
Land Area by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Barangay Area (in hectare) Percent Share to Total

Urban (1 Barangay)
Halapitan 6,162.10 7.50%
Sub-total 6,162.10 7.50%
Urbanizing (7 Barangays)
Candelaria 2,956.67 3.60%
Kalagangan 5,162.50 6.28%
Little Baguio 2,847.50 3.47%
Mabuhay 765.73 0.93%
Nacabuklad 6,514.17 7.93%
Namnam 4,057.50 4.94%
Sacramento Valley 2,321.67 2.83%
Sub-total 24,625.74 29.98%
Rural (16 Barangays)
Bonacao 1,510.83 1.84%
Bulalang 2,125.00 2.59%
Cabuling 2,769.17 3.37%
Cayaga 6,899.17 8.40%
Dao 5,612.50 6.83%
Durian 2,458.33 2.99%
Iglugsad 3,389.17 4.12%
Kawayan 4,000.82 4.87%
Kibongcog 7,049.17 8.58%
Magkalungay 1,436.67 1.75%
Malayanan 1,625.83 1.98%
Matupe 3,131.67 3.81%
Palacpacan 2,792.50 3.40%
San Jose 2,628.33 3.20%
Sto. Domingo 1,873.33 2.28%
Tugop 2,071.67 2.52%
Sub-total 51,374.16 64.06%

Total 82,162 100%

Source: Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO)

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Map 4: Land Classification Map

VOLUME 3 - SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 28

Table 3.16
Land Classification by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Percent to Timberland (in Percent to Total Area

Name of Barangay A and D Total A & D hectare) Total (in hectare)
Timberland
Urban (1 Barangay)
1. Halapitan 1,501.25 24.36 4,660.85 75.64 6,162.10
Urbanizing (7 Barangays)
1.Candelaria 451.25 15.26 2,505.42 84.74 2,956.67
2.Kalagangan 113.75 2.20 5,048.75 97.80 5,162.50
3.Little Baguio 1,051.25 36.92 1,796.25 63.08 2,847.50
4.Mabuhay 395.5 51.65 370.23 48.35 765.73
5.Nacabuklad 601.25 9.23 5,912.92 90.77 6,514.17
6.Namnam 530.50 13.07 3,527.00 86.93 4,057.50
7.Sacramento Valley 113.75 4.90 2,207.92 95.10 2,321.67
Sub-total 3,257.25 21,368.49 24,625.74
Rural (16 Barangays)
1. Bonacao - - 1,510.83 100 1,510.83
2. Bulalang - - 2,125.00 100 2,125.00
3. Cabuling 332.50 12.01 2,436.67 87.99 2,769.17
4. Cayaga - - 6,899.17 100 6,899.17
5. Dao - - 5,612.50 100 5,612.50
6. Durian 38.75 1.58 2,419.58 98.42 2,458.33
7. Iglugsad 407.50 12.02 2,981.67 87.98 3,389.17
8. Kawayan 670.50 16.76 3,330.32 83.24 4,000.82
9. Kibongcog - - 7,049.17 100 7,049.17
10. Magkalungay 180.50 12.56 1,256.17 87.44 1,436.67
11. Malayanan 71.67 4.41 1,554.16 95.59 1,625.83
12. Matupe 345.08 11.02 2,786.59 88.98 3,131.67
13. Palacpacan - - 2,792.50 100 2,792.50
14. San Jose - - 2,628.33 100 2,628.33
15. Sto. Domingo - - 1,873.33 100 1,873.33
16. Tugop 595.25 28.73 1,476.42 71.27 2,071.67
Sub-total 2,641.75 43,119.91 51,374.16
Total 7,400.25 9.01% 74,761.75 90.99% 82,162
Source: MPDO

2.4 TOPOGRAPHY

About 80% of the municipality’s area is mountainous. The topography of the municipality is
characterized by the rugged terrain of the land’s rolling areas and high crests. The Pantaron
Mountain Range (Central Cordillera of Mindanao) with an average elevation of 1,235 meters above
sea level, forms part of the natural border between the Municipality of San Fernando and the
Province of Davao del Norte in the east. There are four barangays which are part of this border
elevation namely; San Jose, Sto. Domingo, Bonacao and Namnam as shown in Map 5
(Topographic Map).

Aga Mountains between Valencia City and Municipality of Quezon in the western part of
the municipality has an average elevation of 1,287 meters above sea level which dominates wide
portion of Barangays Kibongcog, Bulalang and Dao and small portion of barangays Halapitan, Little
Baguio and Sacramento Valley. The Misagoksok Range at the southern portion is 1,004 meters
high which pass through the small portion of Barangays Kalagangan, Cayaga and Cabuling. Tugop
and Malayanan Mountains are lying at the northern portion of the town which has an elevation of
less than 1000 meters above sea level. The town proper has an average elevation of 580 meters
above sea level.

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Map 5: Topographic Map

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Map 6: Slope Map

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2.5 SLOPES

The municipality is predominantly very steep hills and mountains which comprises
65,626.78 hectares or 79.87% of the total land area as classified in Table 3.17 based on the Map
6 (Slope Map). Slope varies from 50% and over. Majority of this areas are forestal land. Portions
which are classified as rolling to hills are also part of the forestal land with slopes varies from 18%
to 30%. Existence of these elevations are minimal which are located in the southern portion of the
land.

Mostly alienable and disposable areas are classified as level to moderately sloping and
rolling which is 18% and below sloping but there are few parts in the northern portion of the
municipality which are classified as steep hills and mountains especially in the Barangay Malayanan
with slopes varies from 30% to 50% elevations.
Table 3.17
Slope Classification
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Slope Clasification Description Area (in hectare) Percentage to Total

(%)
0-18 Level to moderately sloping and rolling 11,337.30 13.80
18-30 Rolling to hills 1,259.70 1.53
30-50 Steep hills and mountains 3,938.22 4.79
50 and over Very steep hills and mountains 65,626.78 79.87
Total 82,162.00 100%
Source: MPDO

2.6 WATERS

The municipality has two major river systems identified as major watershed clusters: Upper
Pulangi and Salug River (see Map 7, Watershed Map). Upper Pulangi River Valley being part of
the longest and largest river in the province is divided into two sub-watersheds, the Pulangi River
and the Tigua River located at the northern portion of the land. Headwaters from the elevated terrain
of these valleys likely discharge into the Mindanao River in Cotabato City. On the other hand, the
Salug River is divided into four sub-watersheds: Matimbus River, Namnam River, Salug River and
Matupe River This River is a tributary of the Davao River that empty into the Davao Gulf in the
South. (See Map 8, Sub-watershed Map)

All barangays of the municipality has inland waters like rivers and creeks which are found
mostly in upper land area as shown in Map 9 (Surface Drainage Map) and detailed in Table 3.18
(List of Rivers and Creeks). It allocates a total length of 420.05 kilometers with corresponding area
of 575.47 hectares. Lakes are also considered as inland surfaces but mostly found in lowland.

The municipality has abundant water sources scattered in all barangays but not all of them
have been tapped to supply potable water to the people. These sources supply different levels of
water system (Level I, Level II, and Level III).

SUBTOTAL
CREEKS RIVERS
Length in Length in Area in Area in Length Length Area in Area in
km sqm. sqm. has. in km in m. sqm. has.
213.57 213,570 1,173,900 117.39 206.48 233,010 4,580,800 458.08

GrAND TOTAL
RIVERS AND CREEKS
Length in Length in Area in Area in
km sqm. sqm. has.
420.05 446,580 5,754,700 575.47

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Table 3.18
List of Rivers and Creeks by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

URBAN
HALAPITAN
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Alotangen Creek 0.13 130.00 650.00 0.065
2 Balongkot Creek 7.64 7,640.00 38,200.00 3.82
3 Creek 0.28 280.00 1,400.00 0.14
4 Creek 0.02 20.00 100.00 0.01
5 Creek 0.45 450.00 2,250.00 0.225
6 Creek 0.40 400.00 2,000.00 0.2
7 Creek 0.17 170.00 850.00 0.085
8 Creek 1.63 1,630.00 8,150.00 0.815
9 Gangob Creek 2.14 2,140.00 10,700.00 1.07
Total Creeks 12.86 12,860.00 64,300.00 6.43
1 kalagutay River 4.76 4,760.00 95,200.00 9.52
2 kalagutay River 0.94 940.00 18,800.00 1.88
3 Mawi-e River 6.78 6,780.00 135,600.00 13.56
4 Molinga River 1.27 1,270.00 25,400.00 2.54
5 Tigwa River 3.90 3,900.00 78,000.00 7.8
Total Rivers 17.65 17,650.00 353,000.00 35.3
URBANIZING
CANDELARIA
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km. Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has
1 Creek 0.37 370.00 1,850.00 0.04
2 Balongkot Creek 2.96 2,960.00 14,800.00 0.30
3 Creek 4.73 4,730.00 23,650.00 0.47
4 Creek 2.52 2,520.00 12,600.00 0.25
5 Creek 1.13 1,130.00 5,650.00 0.11
6 Creek 2.78 2,780.00 13,900.00 0.28
7 Creek 0.95 950.00 4,750.00 0.10
8 Creek 0.99 990.00 4,950.00 0.10
Tortal Creeks 16.43 16,430.00 82,150.00 1.64

1 Tigwa River 1.89 1,890.00 37,800.00 0.19

KALAGANGAN
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Cabuling Creek 1.92 1,920.00 9,600.00 0.96
2 Creek 1.3 1,300.00 6,500.00 0.65
3 Creek 2.64 2,640.00 13,200.00 1.32
4 Creek 1.72 1,720.00 8,600.00 0.86
5 Creek 1.6 1,600.00 8,000.00 0.80
Total Creeks 9.18 9,180.00 45,900.00 4.59
1 Digongan River 3.09 3,090.00 61,800.00 6.18
2 Kalagangan River 5.13 5,130.00 102,600.00 10.26
3 Lugawon River 0.06 60.00 1,200.00 0.12
4 Nilabasan River 6.86 6,860.00 137,200.00 13.72
5 Pailumon River 3.51 3,510.00 70,200.00 7.02
6 Salog River 4.07 4,070.00 81,400.00 8.14
Total Rivers 22.72 22,720.00 454,400.00 45.44
LITTLE BAGUIO
No. River & Creek Length in km. Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Mawi-i River 7.07 7,070.00 141,400.00 14.14
2 Saguing Creek 5.4 5,400.00 27,000.00 2.70
Total Rivers 12.47 12,470.00 168,400.00 16.84
MABUHAY
No. River & Creek Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 kalagutay River 4.86 4,860.00 97,200.00 9.72
2 Tigwa River 1.88 1,880.00 37,600.00 3.76
Total Rivers 6.74 6,740.00 134,800.00 13.48
NACABUKLAD
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has
1 Creek 1.97 1,970.00 9,850.00 0.99
2 Creek 2.55 2,550.00 12,750.00 1.28
3 Creek 1.2 1,200.00 6,000.00 0.60

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 4 CReek 7.1 7,100.00 35,500.00 3.55
5 Creek 4.42 4,420.00 22,100.00 2.21
6 Creek 1.49 1,490.00 7,450.00 0.75
7 Creek 1.56 1,560.00 7,800.00 0.78
8 Creek 1.36 1,360.00 6,800.00 0.68
9 Creek 0.94 940.00 4,700.00 0.47
10 Supon Creek 2.81 2,810.00 14,050.00 1.41
Total Creeks 25.4 25,400.00 127,000.00 12.70
1 Kulaman River 7.76 7,760.00 155,200.00 15.52
2 Molinga River 7.57 7,570.00 151,400.00 15.14
3 Pulangui River 3.26 3,260.00 65,200.00 6.52
4 Tigwa River 3.95 3,950.00 79,000.00 7.90
Total Rivers 22.54 22,540.00 450,800.00 45.08
NAMNAM
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Opes Creek 5.12 5,120.00 25,600.00 2.56

1 Namnam River 7.53 7,530.00 150,600.00 15.06

2 Balakayo River 5.59 5,590.00 111,800.00 11.18
3 Tigwa River 3.57 3,570.00 71,400.00 7.14
Total River 16.69 16,690.00 333,800.00 33.38
SACRAMENTO VALLEY
No. River & Creek Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Saguing Creek 1.32 1,320.00 6,600.00 0.66
RURAL
BONACAO
No. River & Creeks Length in km Length in m Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Namnam River 3.93 3,930.00 78,600.00 7.86
1 Creek 1.82 1,820.00 9,100.00 0.91
2 Creek 2.83 2,830.00 14,150.00 1.42
3 Creek 1.13 1,130.00 5,650.00 0.57
4 Creek 1.99 1,990.00 9,950.00 1.00
5 Creek 0.96 960.00 4,800.00 0.48
Total Creeks 8.73 8,730.00 43,650.00 4.37
BULALANG
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 1.64 1,640.00 8,200.00 0.82
2 Creek 0.47 470.00 2,350.00 0.24
3 Boloan Creek 0.76 760.00 3,800.00 0.38
4 Mitagiti Creek 2.34 2,340.00 11,700.00 1.17
5 Simsimon Creek 1.27 1,270.00 6,350.00 0.64
Total Creeks 6.48 6,480.00 32,400.00 3.24
1 Lugawon River 0.51 510.00 10,200.00 1.02
2 Nilabasan River 1.54 1,540.00 30,800.00 3.08
Total Rivers 2.05 2,050.00 41,000.00 4.10

CABULING
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km. Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 2.21 2,210.00 11,050.00 1.105
2 Creek 2.52 2,520.00 12,600.00 1.26
3 Creek 0.93 930.00 4,650.00 0.465
4 Creek 0.93 930.00 4,650.00 0.465
5 Creek 0.67 670.00 3,350.00 0.335
6 Cabuling Creek 2.58 2,580.00 12,900.00 1.29
7 Lubong Creek 1.88 1,880.00 9,400.00 0.94
Total Creeks 11.72 11,720.00 58,600.00 5.86
1 Digongan River 2.72 2,720.00 54,400.00 5.44
2 Kalagangan River 0.81 810.00 16,200.00 1.62
3 Kalagangan River 0.27 270.00 5,400.00 0.54
4 Kalagangan River 3.45 3,450.00 69,000.00 6.9
Total Rivers 7.25 7,250.00 145,000.00 14.5
CAYAGA
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 1.54 1,540.00 7,700.00 0.77
2 Creek 1.28 1,280.00 6,400.00 0.64
3 Creek 1.75 1,750.00 8,750.00 0.88
4 Creek 0.52 520.00 2,600.00 0.26
5 Creek 1.95 1,950.00 9,750.00 0.98
6 Creek 2.85 2,850.00 14,250.00 1.43

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 7 Creek 0.09 90.00 450.00 0.05
8 Creek 1.12 1,120.00 5,600.00 0.56
9 Creek 0.37 370.00 1,850.00 0.19
10 Malungon Creek 1.87 1,870.00 9,350.00 0.94
11 Simsimon Creek 6.06 6,060.00 30,300.00 3.03
Total Creeks 19.4 19,400.00 97,000.00 9.70
1 Kalagangan River 0.92 920.00 18,400.00 1.84
2 Lugawon River 9.67 9,670.00 193,400.00 19.34
3 Nilabasan River 14.44 14,440.00 288,800.00 28.88
4 Salog River 4.98 4,980.00 99,600.00 9.96
5 Total Rivers 30.01 30,010.00 600,200.00 60.02
DURIAN
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Cabuling Creek 1.56 1,560.00 7,800.00 0.78
2 Creek 0.61 610.00 3,050.00 0.31
3 Creek 0.29 290.00 1,450.00 0.15
4 Creek 0.06 60.00 300.00 0.03
5 Creek 2.59 2,590.00 12,950.00 1.30
6 Lubong Creek 3.38 3,380.00 16,900.00 1.69
Total Creeks 8.49 8,490.00 42,450.00 4.25
1 Digongan River 3.91 3,910.00 78,200.00 7.82
2 Salog River 3.58 3,580.00 71,600.00 7.16
Total Rivers 7.49 7,490.00 149,800.00 14.98
IGLUGSAD
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km. Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Tigwa River 5.86 5,860.00 29,300.00 2.93
2 Tigwa River 1.9 1,900.00 9,500.00 0.95
Total Rivers 7.76 7,760.00 38,800.00 3.88
KAWAYAN
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 0.26 260.00 1,300.00 0.13
2 Kawayan Maopya Creek 10.17 10,170.00 50,850.00 5.09
3 Kawayan Maraot Creek 5.17 5,170.00 25,850.00 2.59
Total Creeks 15.6 15,600.00 78,000.00 7.80

1 Tigwa River 4.41 30,940.00 618,800.00 61.88

KIBONGCOG
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km. Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Alotangen Creek 5.03 5,030.00 25,150.00 2.52
2 Creek 0.03 30.00 150.00 0.02
3 Creek 2.23 2,230.00 11,150.00 1.12
4 Salumayag Creek 2.35 2,350.00 11,750.00 1.18
Total Creeks 9.64 9,640.00 48,200.00 4.82
1 Nilabasan River 1.53 1,530.00 30,600.00 3.06
2 Tigwa River 4.57 4,570.00 91,400.00 9.14
3 Tigwa River 0.07 70.00 1,400.00 0.14
Total Rivers 6.17 6,170.00 123,400.00 12.34
MAGKALUNGAY
No. River & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 3.59 3,590.00 17,950.00 1.80
2 Creek 4.34 4,340.00 21,700.00 2.17
3 Opes Creek 1.18 1,180.00 5,900.00 0.59
Total Creeks 9.11 9,110.00 45,550.00 4.56
1 Tigwa River 1.84 1,840.00 36,800.00 3.68
MALAYANAN
No. River & Creek Length in km Length in sqm. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Pulangui River 3.51 3,510.00 105,300.00 10.53
MATUPE
NO. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Cabuling Creek 0.02 20.00 100.00 0.01
2 Creek 0.38 380.00 1,900.00 0.19
3 Creek 0.45 450.00 2,250.00 0.23
Total Creeks 0.85 850.00 4,250.00 0.43
1 Digongan River 0.02 20.00 400.00 0.04

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 2 Kalagangan River 3.13 3,130.00 62,600.00 6.26
3 Matupe River 7.36 7,360.00 147,200.00 14.72
4 Salog River 3.51 3,510.00 70,200.00 7.02
Total Rivers 14.02 14,020.00 280,400.00 28.04
PALACPACAN
No. River & Creeks Length in km length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Boloan Creek 4.89 4,890.00 24,450.00 2.45
2 Creek 0.28 280.00 1,400.00 0.14
3 Creek 0.21 210.00 1,050.00 0.11
4 Creek 0.99 990.00 4,950.00 0.50
5 Creek 0.67 670.00 3,350.00 0.34
6 Creek 1.01 1,010.00 5,050.00 0.51
7 Pusod Creek 6.72 6,720.00 33,600.00 3.36
Total Creeks 14.77 14,770.00 73,850.00 7.39
1 Matimbus River 7.08 7,080.00 141,600.00 14.16
SAN JOSE
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Camunoan Creek 3.57 3,570.00 17,850.00 1.79
2 Creek 0.15 150.00 750.00 0.08
3 Creek 0.43 430.00 2,150.00 0.22
4 Creek 0.18 180.00 900.00 0.09
5 Creek 1.36 1,360.00 6,800.00 0.68
6 Creek 0.42 420.00 2,100.00 0.21
7 Creek 1.32 1,320.00 6,600.00 0.66
8 Creek 0.91 910.00 4,550.00 0.46
9 Creek 0.68 680.00 3,400.00 0.34
10 Salangat Creek 5.15 5,150.00 25,750.00 2.58
11 Simsimon Creek 0.92 920.00 4,600.00 0.46
12 Umayam Creek 2.94 2,940.00 14,700.00 1.47
Total Creeka 18.03 18,030.00 90,150.00 9.02
1 Kalagangan River 1.46 1,460.00 29,200.00 2.92
2 Salog River 3.97 3,970.00 79,400.00 7.94
Total Rivers 5.43 5,430.00 108,600.00 10.86
STO. DOMINGO
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Creek 0.06 60.00 300.00 0.03
2 Creek 6.1 6,100.00 30,500.00 3.05
3 Creek 0.15 150.00 750.00 0.08
4 Creek 3.73 3,730.00 18,650.00 1.87
5 Creek 0.78 780.00 3,900.00 0.39
6 Pusod Creek 0.47 470.00 2,350.00 0.24
7 Salangat Creek 2.08 2,080.00 10,400.00 1.04
Total Creeks 13.37 13,370.00 66,850.00 6.69
1 Matimbus River 1.45 1,450.00 29,000.00 2.90
2 Salog River 1.91 1,910.00 38,200.00 3.82
TUGOP
No. Rivers & Creeks Length in km Length in m. Area in sqm. Area in has.
1 Pulangui River 8.29 8,290.00 248,700.00 24.87
2 Kulaman River 0.03 30.00 600.00 0.06
3 Tigwa River 0.22 220.00 4,400.00 0.44
Total Rivers 8.54 8,540.00 253,700.00 25.37

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Map 7: Watershed Map

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Map 8: Sub-watershed Map

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Map 9: Surface Drainage Map

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2.7 GEOLOGICAL FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL

The geologic formation of the land of San Fernando is dominated with oligocene soil
formation in the upper part of the municipality which comprises 42,336.51 hectares or approximately
51.53% of the total land area of the municipality. This area is a common vegetation type covered
by the expansion of grasslands and a regression of tropical broad leaf forests which are present in
20 barangays as enumerated in Table 3.19. The whole area of Barangay Malayanan is covered by
this soil characteristic as shown in Map 10 (Geologic Map).

The second largest cover of geologic soil formation which allocate 12,666.40 hectares or
15.42% of the total area is the upper miocene-pliocene formation or clay loam and red clay.
Sediments are present in some parts of this formation especially the red clay. This characteristics
is suitable for agriculture especially for crops such as paddy rice, corn, sugarcane and banana.
Barangays Cayaga and Bulalang and half part of Palacpacan are fortunate of this type of soil

Oligocene-miocene geologic formation covers 2,257.54 hectares of the municipality or

2.75% of the total wherein fossil soils are present. This kind of soil is not suitable for agriculture but
maybe an important resource for terrestrial environment and climatic reconstruction. This type of
soil is mostly present in barangay Sacramento Valley and few parts of other barangays as shown
in the same Map.

Neogene formation is very common in barangay Dao. Climate is cooled and dried which is
good for livestock production like goats, cattle and horses.

There are also barangays in the eastern boundary of the land which covered with
cretaceous paleogene formation or cemented in type which is obviously not suitable for agriculture
but a great resource for slope protection and sub-base layer reinforcing and protecting the subgrade
.There are few parts in the lowest elevation of the land that are covered by Holocene soils or the
recent formation that are characteriscally composed of very gravelly materials.

Among the six geologic soil formations mentioned above, there are areas of barangay
Matupe, Cabuling, Cayaga and Kalagangan fall on the undifferentiated covers due to some
components which do not represent a regular pattern.

Based on the data gathered, the remaining 16,195.44 hectares or 19.71% of the total land
area of the municipality belong to conflict area and not included in the characterization of soil
formation.

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Table 3.19
Geologic Formation and Soil Characteristic
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Upper Oligocene Cretaceous

Name of Barangay Oligocene Miocene – Neogene - Miocene - Recent Undifferent Conflict
Pliocene Paleogene iated Area
Urban
Halapitan
Urbanizing
Candelaria
Kalagangan
Little Baguio
Mabuhay
Nacabuklad
Namnam
Sacramento Valley
Rural
Bonacao
Bulalang
Cabuling
Cayaga
Dao
Durian
Iglugsad
Kawayan
Kibongcog
Magkalungay
Malayanan
Matupe
Palacpacan
San Jose
Sto. Domingo
Tugop
Area 42,336.51 12,666.40 1,458.79 2,257.74 2,450.09 2,876.92 1,920.20 16,195.44
82,162 hec
Percent to Total 51.53% 15.42% 1.78% 2.75% 2.98% 3.50% 2.34% 19.71%
Legend
Oligocene - Soil covered with grassland,
- regression of broad forest leaf
Upper Miocene – - Clay loam, Red clay,
Pliocene - sediments are present in some soil
- Suitable for agriculture especially for crops such as paddy, sugarcane and banana.

Neogene - climate is cooled and dried

- suitable for livestock production
Oligocene – Miocene - fossil soils are present
- Not suitable for agriculture but maybe an important resource for terrestrial environment and climatic
reconstruction.
Cretaceous - Cemented soil
Paleogene - Not suitable for agriculture but an important resource for slope protection and sub-base layer
reinforcing and protecting the subgrade
Recent - Soil is composed of very gravelly materials
Undifferentiated - No conformity in soil formation
Conflict Area - Not included in the characterization of soil formation
Source: MPDO, HLURB

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Map 10: Geologic Map

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2.8 LAND COVER

Based on Table 3.20, as quantified from Map 11 (Land Cover Map), the present land use
cover of the municipality is characteristically dominated with shrub land representing 16,014.66 or
around 19.49% of the total land area followed by mossy forest cover utilizes 13,465.19 hectares or
16.39% of the total land area. The third largest cover is other land with tree cover comprises
11,567.53 hectares or 14.08% allocation.

Agricultural land utilizes 12,949.16 hectares or 15.76% of the total area which is
predominated with rice and corn, as these crops cover most of the cultivated area. The rest areas
are covered with built-up, inland water, open/barren, and infrastructures.

The map, also shows the clear identification of categorized land covers. Both sides are
covered with forest and grasslands.

Table 3.20
Land Cover
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Category Area (in hectare) % to Total

Mossy Forest 13,465.19 16.39
Primary Forest 8,294.33 10.10
Secondary Forest 9,634.17 11.73
Plantation Forest 1,016.0 1.24
Pine Plantation 0.60 0.0007
Other Land with Tree Cover 11,567.53 14.08
Shrubland 16,014.66 19.49
Grassland 8,315.59 10.12
Pineapple 8.55 0.01
Rubber 1,200.47 1.46
Coconut 4.50 0.005
Coconut with other Tree 296.15 0.36
Cocunut with Sugarcane 140.32 0.17
Oil palm 14.28 0.02
Banana 215.45 0.26
Sugarcane 2,228.39 2.71
Corn 5,988.53 7.29
Rice 2,591.21 3.15
Cassava 14.92 .018
Built-up Areas 186.44 0.23
Agri-industrial Establishment 45.56 0.06
Road 174.31 0.21
River/Lake/Creek 744.85 0.91

Total 82,162.00 100%

Source: MPDO

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Map 11: Land Cover Map

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2.9 MINERAL RESOURCES

Although no extensive studies have been made to ascertain the volume and the quantity
of minerals available in the municipality, local dwellers and prospective developers claim that there
are metallic deposits of gold in Barangay Bulalang and Dao, specifically in Kagatan and KM12
Terminal Area or also known as Tagbiga with 81 hectares of the total land area as shown in Map
12 (Mineral Map). Kagatan occupies an area of 81 hectares of the total land area of the Municipality.
However, this portion of land has already surveyed by Region 10 Mines and Geosciences Bureau
(MGB) for the proposed project (Minahang Bayan) and to legalize this land for any mining
operations, particularly within Kagatan area. Moreover, local dwellers claim that there are non-
metallic deposits of dimension stones are found in Barangay Namnam, Kalagangan and
Magkalungay in the eastern portion of the municipality.

2.10 CLIMATE

Climate in the Philippines has been described in terms of rainfall distribution received in a
locality. Climate zones traditionally were classified from a rain-gauge network, using the Modified
Coronas Classification (MCC). With the use of average monthly distribution of rainfall at different
stations, four types of such rainfall distributions in the Philippines are defined. The southern part of
Bukidnon, where San Fernando is situated, falls under the fourth type of climate classification.

Characteristically, this type of climate has wet seasons but no dry seasons. Rainfall is more
or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Rain occurrence is frequently in the months of May
to November as shown in Table 3.21.

Rainfall distribution is likely to vary in this part of the province due to dominant presence of
adjoining hills and mountain ranges. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) also influences
long rainfalls and thunderstorms in the area.

Generally, temperature ranges from 21˚C to 30˚ with January being the coolest while April
being the hottest month of the year. Frequency of tropical cyclones are rare, ranging from zero to
ten percent annually.

Table 3.21
Climate Data
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average High ⁰C 27 27 28 30 29 28 28 28 29 28 28 28 28
⁰F 81 81 82 86 84 82 82 82 84 82 82 82 82
Average Low ⁰C 21 21 21 21 23 23 22 22 23 23 22 21 22
⁰F 70 70 70 70 73 73 72 72 73 73 72 70 72
Average Mm 118 73 66 74 175 261 271 281 267 258 164 93 2,101
Precipitation inches 4.6 2.9 2.6 2.9 6.9 10.3 10.7 11.1 10.5 10.2 6.5 3.7 82.9
Average Rainy Days 16.0 13.8 12.4 13.1 24.2 27.6 28.9 28.5 27.1 27.4 21.0 16.1 256.1
Source: Meteoblue

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Map 12: Mineral Map

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2.11 EROSION

Considering that a major portion of the municipality is highly elevated and rain occurrence is
more or less evenly distributed throughout the year, when it rains in the hilly areas, the soil gets washed
away towards the plain thus running water is the leading cause of soil erosion in San Fernando. It also
follows that those within this area covering 55,597.58 hectares or 67.67% of the total land area are
severely susceptible to erosion. This covers mostly areas of all barangays except barangay Durian and
other parts of barangays on the eastern and southern boundary portion due to conflict status of the
areas and are considered not identified in the level category. Activities which lead to soil erosion are
removal of vegetation, logging and ground disturbance like mining.

On the other hand, boundary areas on the northern portion and small part on the western
boundary are considered slight to moderately susceptible to erosion which shares the least portion of
the land as enumerated in Table 3.22 and as clearly categorized in the Map 13 (Erosion Map).

Out of the total land area, there is no susceptibility or no apparent erosion identified in 6,940.11
hectares or 8.45% of the total which distributed to barangays in the western portion of the municipality

Table 3.22
Level of Erosion
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Category Area (in hectare) Percentage to Total (%)

No apparent erosion 6,940.11 8.45%
Slight erosion 2,203.01 2.68%
Moderate erosion 1,225.78 1.49%
Severe erosion 55,597.58 67.67%
Not identified (Conflict Areas) 16,195.53 19.71%

Total 82,162.00 100%

Source: MPDO

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Map 13: Erosion Map

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2.12 GEO HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT

In terms of natural hazards, San Fernando is susceptible to flashflood, landslide, erosion, and
earthquake/ground shaking due to Davao Fault. On the other hand, manmade disasters include arm
conflict, tribal intervention, vehicular accident and fire.

Due to highly elevated local terrain condition of the municipality as mentioned a while ago, all
barangays of San Fernando are severely susceptible to erosion. In this case, it triggers landslide which
also high susceptible throughout the land area as identified in Table 3.23 based on the Map 14 (Hazard
Map). Areas passing through the lowest elevation portion identified low susceptibility while the small
coveries of moderate landslide susceptibility is scattered towards different barangays.

Majority of the barangays are prone to high flood susceptibility especially in the lowlands of
Pulangi and Tigua River Valleys in lowest elevation. Concern is focus on the small portion of barangay
Malayanan which is the only area that is identified as very high flood susceptibility.

Table 3.23
Hazard Susceptibility
Municipalit of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Geo Hazards

Name of Barangay Landslide Susceptibility Flood Susceptibility

Low Moderate High Moderate High Very High

Urban
1. Halapitan
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria
2.Kalagangan
3.Little Baguio
4.Mabuhay
5.Nacabuklad
6.Namnam
7.Sacramento Valley
Rural
1. Bonacao
2. Bulalang
3. Cabuling
4. Cayaga
5. Dao
6. Durian
7. Iglugsad
8. Kawayan
9. Kibongcog
10. Magkalungay
11. Malayanan
12. Matupe
13. Palacpacan
14. San Jose
15. Sto. Domingo
16. Tugop

Source: Municial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO)

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Map 14: Hazard Map

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 In recent strategic planning workshop conducted by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council after environmental scanning identified floods, erosion, landslide, ground shaking
due to fault line, arm conflict, fire and vehicular accident area as the priority hazard to be addressed.
The following tables are hazards identified in the barangays in different sectors such as social (Table
3.24), economic (3.25 and 3.26), environmental (3.27) and infrastructure (3.28).

Table 3.24
Hazards Identified in the Barangays in the Social Sector
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

SOCIAL SECTOR
Natural Hazards Manmade Disaster
Name of Barangay Flashflood Landslide Arm Conflict
Number of Population Number of Population Number of Population
Family Family Family
Urban
1. Halapitan
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 4 21 28 104
2.Kalagangan 31 161 13 56
3.Little Baguio 28 220 212 2,463
4.Mabuhay 28 114 39 171 62 292
5.Nacabuklad
6.Namnam 75 472 177 746 96 383
7.Sacramento Valley 495 1871 495 1,815
Rural
1. Bonacao 61 254 170 787
2. Bulalang
3. Cabuling 126 512 286 1,243
4. Cayaga 198 1147 226 1,253
5. Dao 203 1014 96 521 414 1,987
6. Durian
7. Iglugsad 72 296 28 95
8. Kawayan 359 1485 122 632 77 416
9. Kibongcog 2 10 10 34
10. Magkalungay 335 1461 432 1,870 271 1,095
11. Malayanan 1 5 1 6
12. Matupe
13. Palacpacan 7 50 28 127
14. San Jose 226 896 249 1,016 176 775
15. Sto. Domingo 11 54 39 201
16. Tugop 218 571 61 185
Total 2,480 10,614 2,542 12,566 1,266 5,735
Source: Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO)

Table 3.25
Hazards Identified in the Barangays in the Economic Sector
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

ECONOMIC SECTOR - AGRICULTURE

Irrigation Facility
Barangay Name of System Area likely to be # of farmers likely to
affected be affected
Bonacao Bonacao IA 150 168
Candelaria ISA 1,2,3 90 70
Halapitan NALA IA 200 180
Iglugsad Namlugsad IA 50 60
Little Baguio LIBAFA 60 50
Mabuhay MABUHAY IA 40 45
Nacabuklad NSWIPSAI 40 45
Source: MDRRMO

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 Table 3.26
Hazards Identified in the Barangays in the Economic Sector (Agriculture – Crops and Livestock)
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

ECONOMIC SECTOR (AGRICULTURE)

Crop Livestock
High Value Corn Rice Durian Cattle Swine Carabao Horse
Barangay Crops
# of # of # of Hec. # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of # of
hec. Farm Farme Hec. Far Hec Far Heads Far Heads Far Heads Far Heads Far
ers r mer . mer mer mer mer mer
Bonacao 50 25 65 55 28 30
Bulalang 4.35 46 33.4 96 17 9
Cabuling 6 24 47.55 64 6.85 8
Candelaria 3 2 14.55 11
Cayaga 4 19 48.53 71 53.5 32 1 1 1 1
Dao 26.5 43 226 133 3 3
Halapitan 68 40 43.25 28 2.5 7
Iglugsad 50 30 80 100 40 45
Kalagangan 85.02 275 501.3 495 13.75 8 8 5 5 2 4 4 1 1
Kawayan 2 1
Kibongcog 20 30 80 60
Little Baguio 30 30 2.5 2 1 1
Mabuhay 3.5 5 26.75 15
Malayanan 28 30 65 50 15 10
Magkalungay 4.3 6 14.5 17
Matupe 90 255 2 1
Nacabuklad 20.8 16 4.5 4
Namnam 1.95 4 15.3 14 3.25 3
Palacpacan 83.75 61 46.5 27 1 1
Sac. Valley 1 2 1.5 1
San Jose 40.5 38 42.13 50 11 4 1 1
Sto. Domingo 23.75 22 31.25 19 1 1 3 1
Tugop 54.15 30 5 2
TOTAL 418.82 641 1,557.96 1,626 310.15 238 3 3 11 8 9 4 4 4 4 3
Source: MDRRMO

Table 3.27
Hazards Identified in the Barangays in Environmental Sector
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

HAZARDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR

Flood
Barangay Exposed Facility/ Area/ Hazard Likelihood Degree of Adaptive Severity of Risk
Population (Susceptibility) Damage Capacity Consequence
Bonacao River medium medium low high medium medium
Cayaga River/ Creek medium medium low high medium medium
Dao River low low low medium low low
Halapitan River high high high high high high
Kalagangan River/ Creek High high high high high high
Magkalungay River medium low low high high high
Matupe River low low low low low low
Nacabuklad River medium medium low high low low
Palacpacan River low low low medium low low
San Jose River high high high high high high
Sto. Domingo River/Creek medium medium low medium medium medium
Tugop River medium medium low high low low
Landslide
Bulalang Forestland low low low low low low
Cayaga Forestland medium medium low low medium Medium
Dao Forestland medium medium medium low medium Medium
Halapitan Forestland low low low low low low
Kalagangan Forestland medium medium low low medium medium
Kibongcog Forestland medium medium low low medium Medium
Matupe Forestland medium Medium low low medium Medium
Nacabulad Forestland medium medium low low medium medium
Palacpacan Forestland medium medium low low medium medium
San Jose Forestland medium medium low low medium Medium
Sto Domingo Forestland high high high low high high
Source: MDRRMO

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 Table 3.28
Hazards Identified in the Barangays in Infrastructure Sector
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

HAZARDS IN INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

Flood
Barangay Name of Damaged Infra and Brief Hazard Likelihood Degree of Adaptive Severity of Risk
Description (Susceptibility) Damage Capacity Consequence
Bulalang Road/ Drainage low low low low low low
Cabuling Road/ Drainage/ Water System medium low low low low low
Candelaria ISA-II Dam high medium medium Low medium low
Dao Road/ Drainage low low low low low low
Durian Drainage/ Box Culvert/ Road medium low low low low low
Kalagangan Road/ Box Culvert medium low medium medium medium medium
Simsimon, Kalagangan School medium low medium medium medium medium
Pandayan, Elem. School low low medium medium medium medium
Sitio Stage low low medium medium medium medium
Church low low low medium medium medium
Magkalungay Riverbank high medium medium medium medium medium
Matupe Road/ Drainage medium medium low low low Low
Nacabuklad NSWIPS medium low medium low medium low
Palacpacan Road/ Drainage low low low low low low
Landslide
Bulalang Road high high high high high high
Cabuling Potable Water Supply/ Road high high high high high high
Cayaga Road low medium medium medium medium medium
Dao Road high high high high high high
Durian Road medium medium medium medium medium medium
Iglugsad Road medium medium medium medium medium medium
Kibongcog Road high high high high high high
Little Baguio Road high high high high high high
Matupe Road medium high high high high high
Palacpacan Road medium medium low low low low
Source: MDRRMO

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 3

SPECIAL
AREAS STUDY

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3. SPECIAL AREAS STUDY

3.1 CLIMATE DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT (CDRA)

Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office

Sitio Malantao, San Fernando, Bukidnon

3.1.1 Climate and Disaster Risk assessment (CDRA)

The Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) is the process of studying risks
and vulnerabilities of exposed elements namely, the people, urban areas, agriculture, forestry
and fishery production areas, critical point facilities, and lifeline infrastructure associated with
natural hazards and climate change. It seeks to establish risk and vulnerable areas by
analysing the hazard, exposure, vulnerability/sensitivity and adaptive capacities of the various
exposed elements. The CDRA identifies the priority decision areas that needs to be addressed
given the acceptable or tolerable levels of risks and allow the identification of various disaster
risk and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and spatial policy interventions.

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 3.1.2. Historical Climate Trends

The prevailing seasonal rainfall data of the Province of Bukidnon including the
Municipality of San Fernando as component municipality based on the CLIRAM Report from
PAGASA, the period of December to February has 329.7 mm which is the lowest rainfall
experienced in the locality for the past years from 1971-2000. Rainfall during March to May
period increased slightly to 335.6 mm. The period of June to August has the highest rainfall for
about 635.8 mm and eventually decreased slightly towards the period of September to
November of similar baseline data from 1971-2000. The rainfall data and patterns for each
period will signal to locality in terms of production time, water impoundment plan, water
resource supply to population and many others. (See Table 3.29 and Figure 3.1)

Table 3.29
CLIRAM of the Projected Seasonal Change in the Total Rainfall (in millimetres) in the mid-21st century (2036-2065)
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

PERIODS
RAINFALL
DJF MAM JJA SON

1971-2000 (Baseline) 329.7 335.6 653.8 559.5

RCP 4.5 Lower Bound (2036-2065) 267.4 265.0 475.4 329.8

RCP 4.5 Median (2036-2065) 319.2 331.0 547.4 411.2
RCP 4.5 Upper Bound (2036-2065) 386.8 378.5 736.5 516.0
RCP 8.5 Lower Bound (2036-2065) 269.1 287.0 525.9 434.1
RCP 8.5 Median (2036-2065) 305.3 313.1 625.1 498.6
RCP 8.5 Upper Bound (2036-2065) 414.4 353.6 765.0 616.0
Source: PAGASA, Climate Trends and Projected Climate Change, 2018

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a new set of scenarios
representing cumulative concentrations of green-house gases (GHG). The new set of climate
projections for the Philippines were based on the two most recent scenarios from the IPCC such
as Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 for the moderate level of GHG emissions and RCP
8.5 for high level of GHG emissions. Using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) as
reported by PAGASA, a moderate emission scenario is adopted for the purpose of this study which
is near to actual condition of the locality. The assumption of using the CLIRAM tool is based mainly
on the current local development of San Fernando which is mostly based on agriculture and agro-
forestry. Using RCP 4.5 median bound, the locality and the rest of the Province of Bukidnon will
have 319.2 mm of rainfall for the period of December to February. The period of March to May will
have 331 mm of rainfall. Periods June to August and September to November will have 547.4 and
411.2 mm of rainfall. A slight decrease of rain-fall will affect the locality for the coming years 2036
to 2065. The data will have implications towards the availability of water supply to support
agriculture, water supply to households. A diagram is presented below in order to have better
appreciate the projected data.

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Figure 3.1
CLIRAM of the Projected Seasonal Change in the Total Temperature (CELCIUS) in the mid-21st century (2036-2065)

Source: PAGASA, Climate Trends and Projected Climate Change, 2018

Table 3.30
CLIRAM Projected Temperature (˚C) 2036-2065
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
PERIOD
TEMPERATURE
DJF MAM JJA SON

1971-2000 (Baseline) 25.1 26.6 25.8 25.7

RCP 4.5 Lower Bound (2036-2065) 26.2 26.2 26.8 26.8

RCP 4.5 Median (2036-2065) 26.4 26.4 27.0 26.9
RCP 4.5 Upper Bound (2036-2065) 26.8 26.8 27.7 27.5
RCP 8.5 Lower Bound (2036-2065) 26.5 26.5 27.2 27.1
RCP 8.5 Median (2036-2065) 26.8 26.8 27.4 27.3
RCP 8.5 Upper Bound (2036-2065) 27.3 27.3 28.2 28.0

The baseline data of temperature of the locality is 25.1 ⁰C for the period of December to
February which can be considered as the lowest temperature for the whole year. Low
temperature is attributed to North-East Monson that affect the locality and the rest of the
country. The period of March to May has 26.6 ⁰C temperature which is considered as the
highest temperature level. The period of June to August has a pre-vailing temperature of 25.8
⁰C while the period of September to November has 25.7 ⁰C temperature.

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Figure 3.2: CLIRAM Projected Temperature (⁰C) 2036-2065

Using RCP 4.5 projected temperature for 2036-2065, the locality will experience a slight
increase in temperature variability for all identified periods. The locality will experience a
temperature of 26.4 ⁰C for the periods of December to February and March to May. June
to August will have a temperature of 27 ⁰C while September to November will have 26.9
⁰C. Increase in temperature will have impact to health condition of the people, drier days
ahead, decreased production for agriculture sector, and the probability of increase ghg
emissions which brought about by increased consumption of electric power. (See Table
3.2.)

3.1.3 Extreme Climate Events

Retaining the previous PAGASA report on climate change published 2011, we have
retained the projected extreme events for the locality and for the rest of Bukidnon Province.
It is projected that by year 2020 to 2050, the number of dry days with temperature greater
than 35 0C will soured to 477 days by 2020 and 1,441 by 2050. The data presented
suggested that there will be hotter days to experience in the coming years. The projected
number of dry days will abruptly decrease to 3,977 by 2020 and 4,461 by 2050. There will
be increased number of days with rainfall greater than 150 mm which can be experienced
9 times as compared from the current experience of 4 days as observed by PAGASA.
(See Table 3.31)

Table 3.31
Projected Frequency of Extreme Events, 2020-2050
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Extreme Events Observed Baseline (1971-

2020 2050
2000)
0
Number of Days with Tmax >35 C 26 477 1441
Number of Dry Days 6537 3977 4461
Number of Days with Rainfall >150mm 4 9 9

Source: PAGASA: Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011

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 3.1.4 Disaster Historical Events and Hazards Recorded

Table 3.32
Disaster Historical Events and Hazards Recorded
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Number of Affected Number of Houses

Number of Casualties Damage to Properties (PhP)
Persons Damaged
Hazard Events and Affected Source of
Private/
Description/Date Barangays Agriculture Institution Information
Dead Injured Missing Persons Families Totally Partially Infrastructure Commerc Total
(Has.) al
ial
Typhoon Vinta
All Barangays 4 7 1 17, 556 3,356 550 300 14,804,468.75 40,197,479.51 MDRRMO
Dec 21, 2017
Halapitan
Typhoon Pablo
Kawayan
Dec 2, 2012
Tugop
0 0 0 125 25 0 25 MSWDO
Nacabuklad
Candelaria
Malayanan
Typhoon Sendong
Dec.12, 2011
El Niño
Drought All Barangays 0 0 0 - 1000 0 0 MSWDO
Mar-May 2016
Heavy Rainfall
Halapitan 0 0 0 1,525 305 12 5 MSWDO
April 2007
Heavy Rainfall
Halapitan 0 0 0 1,014 200 2 12 MSWDO
1993

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3.1.5 Hazard Characterization

Table 3.33
Flood Susceptibility, Likelihood of Occurrence, and Description by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Likelihood
Flood
of Barangay Description
Susceptibility
Occurrence
6 Halapitan Areas with likely to experience flood
(Purok 1, Purok heights of greater than 2 meters and/or
5, Purok 7, flood duration of more than 3 days. These
6 Purok 9) include active river channels, abandoned
Tugop river channels, and areas along
(Alimpolos, riverbanks, which are immediately flooded
6 Purok 1 during heavy rains of several hours and
Very High
6 Nacabuklad are prone to flash floods. These are
6 Kalagangan considered critical geohazard areas and
6 Cayaga are not suitable for development. It is
6 San Jose recommended that these be declared as
6 Durian “No Habitation/No Build Zones” by the
6 Cabuling LGU, and that affected
Santo Domingo households/communities be relocated.
6 Bonacao (Purok Areas with likely to experience flood
4) heights of 1 meter up to 2 meters and/or
6 Dao flood duration of more than 3 days. Sites
6 Little Baguio including active river channels, abandoned
(Mawi-e) river channels, and areas along
6 Candelaria riverbanks, are immediately flooded during
6 Iglugsad heavy rains of several hours and are prone
High 6 Namnam to flash floods. These may be considered
6 Palacpacan not suitable for permanent habitation but
6 Kawayan may be developed for alternative uses
6 Mabuhay subject to the implementation of
appropriate mitigation measures after
conducting site-specific geotechnical
studies as deemed necessary by project
engineers and LGU building officials.
6 Magkalungay Areas with likely to experience flood
6 Kibongkog heights of 0.5 meter up to 1 meter and/or
flood duration of 1 to 3 days. These are
subject to widespread inundation during
Moderate
prolonged and extensive heavy rainfall or
extreme weather conditions. Fluvial
terraces, alluvial fans, and infilled valleys
are also moderately subjected to flooding.
6 Bulalang Areas with likely to experience flood
6 Matupe heights of less than 0.5 meter and/or flood
Low 6 Malayanan duration of less than 1 day. These include
6 Sacramento low hills and gentle slopes that have
Valley sparse to moderate drainage density.

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Table 3.34
Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility, Likelihood of occurrence and Description by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Landslide Likelihood of
Barangay Description
Susceptibility Occurrence
6 Dao (Purok 5) Areas with usually have steep to very
6 Kalagangan steep slopes that are underlain by weak
6 Bulalang materials, and have recent landslides,
6 Little Baguio escarpments, and tension cracks present.
6 Cayaga These could be aggravated by human-
6 Sacramento Valley initiated effects. These are considered as
Very High
6 Halapitan critical geohazard areas and are not
6 Bonacao suitable for development. Thus, it is
recommended that these be declared as
“No Habitation/No Build Zones” by the
LGU, and that affected
households/communities be relocated.
6 Matupe Areas with usually have steep to very
6 Magkalungay steep slopes that are underlain by weak
6 Mabuhay materials, with the presence of numerous
6 San Jose old/inactive landslides. These sites may
6 Santo Domingo be considered not suitable for permanent
High
6 Kibongkog habitation but may be developed for
alternative uses subject to the
implementation of appropriate mitigation
measures after performing site-specific
geotechnical studies.
6 Namnam Areas with moderately steep slopes
6 Palacpacan where soil creep and other indications of
6 Durian possible landslide occurrence are
Moderate
6 Cabuling present.
6 Candelaria
6 Nacabuklad
6 Iglugsad Areas with gently sloping areas with no
Low 6 Kawayan identified landslides.
6 Tugop
5 Halapitan(Salumayag) These are usually found at the base of
5 Little Baguio slopes with manifestations of mass
5 Kalagangan movement. These are considered as
5 Cayaga critical geohazard areas and may not be
5 Dao suitable for development. It is
Debris Flow recommended that permanent
habitation/development be avoided as
remobilization of debris from previous
landslide events may occur. In addition,
relocation of settlements along debris flow
paths is suggested.
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau

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Table 3.35
Summary of Actual and Susceptibility Hazards by Barangay
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Rain-Induced Earthquake-Induced
Flood
Barangay Landslide Landslide
Actual Map Actual Map Actual Map
Bonacao   
Bulalang   
Cabuling   
Candelaria   
Cayaga   
Dao   
Durian   
Halapitan   
Iglugsad   
Kalagangan   
Kawayan   
Kibongkog   
Little Baguio   
Mabuhay   
Magkalungay   
Malayanan   
Matupe   
Nacabuklad   
Namnam   
Palacpacan   
Sacramento Valley   
San Jose   
Sto. Domingo   
Tugop   

San Fernando is exposed to hydro-meteorological and geologic hazards due to its

geographical location and characteristics. The most frequent hazards occurring in this
municipality are rain-induced landslide and flooding. From The above Table (Table 3.35), the
hazard susceptibility of each barangay summarizes the hazards where San Fernando is
exposed to. Almost all barangays are susceptible to flooding. When the river overflow, the water
will sip to the lower areas and will result to flood damaging the crops and properties. Aside from
flooding, all barangays are determined to be susceptible to rain-induced landslide. San Fernando
also lies within the Davao river fault line which is susceptible to ground shaking.

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3.1.6 Flood

A. Population and Urban Use

A.1 Exposure

Population:
Total of 415.87 or 95.75% residential area are exposed to flood. There are 77.58 has or
18.66% are located in high flood exposure, 81.30 has or 19.55% are moderate and 256.99 has
or 61.80% are low.

Urban Use:
Urban uses are composed of different categories namely; Agri-industrial, commercial,
socialized housing, cemetery, park and recreation and slaughter. Based on Figure 3.4 (Urban
Use Flood Exposure Map), a total of 0.361 hectares is exposed to high and moderate flood
susceptibility as tabulated in Table 3.35 (List of Barangays Exposed to Flood Susceptibility). The
common areas in San Fernando which are affected by this hazard are allocated with agri-
industries and cemeteries. Brgy Namnam is the only area which is exposed to high flood
susceptibility in terms of agri-industrial use which allocated an area of 0.153 hectares and
Barangay Cayaga in terms of Cemetery use with an affected area of 0.103 hectares. Moderate
flood susceptibility occurs in two barangays namely; Agri-industries in Mabuhay and Kalagangan
and Cemetery in Kalagangan also. A total area of 0.105 hectares is affected by this susceptibility.
Several barangays not mentioned, are also exposed to flood but in low susceptibility only.

A.2 Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

Population:
The identified vulnerabilities for the population are most of the population is living along
rivers channels, living in makeshift houses using light materials.They have access to
infrastructure related mitigation measures where most of the big rivers in the municipality along
residential area have flood control dikes constructed by DPWH namely in Kalagangan river in
Brgy Kalagangan, Salug River in Brgy San Jose and Tigua River in Brgy Halapitan and another
for implementation along Namnam River in Brgy Bonacao.

Urban Use:
In terms of vulnerability assessment, as stated in Table 3.35 (List of Barangays Exposed
to Flood Susceptibility), generated from Figure 3.6 (Urban Use Flood Risk Map) the damage or
destruction is identified as low because most of the agri-industrial infrastructures are ricemill,
cornmill and agri-industrial support facilities like solar driers most likely made of concrete
pavements. Sensitivity is identified as very high due to visibility of flood level runways of Namnam
River of Brgy Namnam, the second largest river in Tigua Tributary and Mambuaya River of Brgy
Cayaga near the urban structures which identified as part of sub-watersheds in the municipality.
Barangay Kalagangan has a passage way of Simsimon River while and Mabuhay river to
barangay Mabuhay Vulnerability is described as low because agri-industries involved very few
number of population while cemeteries involved structures only. Adaptive capacity for this
hazard is high because construction of standard flood control system along the agri-industrial
facilities is prioritized to provide protection for the agricultural products. Cemetery is also
provided with drainage system to protect the structures from flooding hence, the facility can
generate income which needs regular care and maintenance. In the case of the new
construction, the barangays are conducting prohibition of additional building structures along
river easements.

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Figure 3.3: Population (Residential) Flood Exposure Map

Figure 3.4: Urban Use Flood Exposure Map

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 A.3 Risk Estimation

Population:

There are no high and moderate flood risk in the Municipality of San Fernando,
Bukidnon. However, low flood risk greatly affects to residential areas living along the rivers
with no flood control dike

Urban Use:

Possible occurrence of flood can result to a total cost of damage to about Php 34,000
only because most agri-industrial structure facilities are made of light materials like wood. Solar
drier pavements are only horizontal structure that can only be affected with slight damages like
cracks and slight separation of concrete debris which create holes than can be fixed with low
expenditure. On the other side, when these damages happen, high expenditure for renovation
will counterpart because industrial establishments must comply with the standard engineering
requirements and materials.

B. Critical Facilities

B.1 Exposure
There are critical point facilities which identified to be exposed to Flooding situated in
11 barangays (portion) namely Tugop, Namnam, Iglugsad, Candelaria, Sto. Domingo, Cayaga,
San Jose, Mabuhay, Kalagangan, Cabuling, Mabuhay.

B.2. Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

In terms of the vulnerability of the facilities, all of the 430 infrastructures are made of
concrete/semi-concrete and the communication towers are made of steel. All of which are in
serviceable condition and can readily be accessed in case of the occurrence of disasters.

Analysing the adaptive capacity of the infrastructures under the critical point facilities,
all facilities were identified not being constructed using hazard resistant design and not covered
by an insurance except government facilities in case of damages and other structural
breakage. All 24 barangays allot resources for disaster risk reduction management purposes.
It was determined that every barangay will reserve 5% of its annual budget for disaster risk
preparation and mitigation. The distribution of which is that 70% is allocated for use in
developing and conduct of disaster preparedness programs while the remaining 30% allotted
for disaster quick response.

Furthermore, it has been observed during the rounds in all 24 barangays that there are
infrastructures built with the help of other government agencies. KALAHI- CIDDS program
under the DSWD, has been reaching out with the construction of infrastructures such as
schools, concreting of barangay roads, multi-purpose halls and water system.

B. 3 Risk Estimation

For the risk analysis, the critical point facilities which are at risk to Flooding are located
in Barangay Tugop, Namnam, Iglugsad, Candelaria, Sto domingo, San Jose, Cayaga,
Kalagangan, Cabuling and Matupe.

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Figure 3.5: Population (Residential) Flood Risk Map

Figure 3.6: Urban Use Flood Risk Map

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Figure 3.7: Critical Facilities Flood Exposure Map

Figure 3.8: Critical Facilities Flood Risk Map

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 C. Lifeline Facilities

C.1 Exposure

A total length of 107,156.28 km (15.16%) of all the roads in Municipality of San

Fernando is susceptible to Flooding. The said length is composed of 37,300.013 km
national road, 10,354.42km provincial roads, and 57,924.20km municipal and barangay
roads. The value of all the roads exposed is estimated at Php. 717, 609,000M. Twelve
bridges and spillway were situated in 17 Barangays in the municipality are located on
areas susceptible to Flood. Nine of which are highly susceptible such as; Malayanan,
Sacramento Valley, Candelaria, Mabuhay, Kawayan, Magkalungay, Iglugsad, San Jose,
Bonacao, Cayaga, Kalagangan, Nacabuklad, Halapitan, Iglugsad/Kibongkog,
Candelaria, Tugop in total of 1,545.66m. While the Mawi-e Bridge are in remain for
moderately in total of 32.22m. The estimated value for all the bridges exposed is Php
12,773,602.00M. Figure 3.9 shows the roads and bridges exposed to Flood.

C.2 Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

Most of the roads (85.64%) in the municipality are with gravel surface. Bridges
are concretized, steel and constructed with composite structure and although most are
constructed a decade or more ago, they generally are in good condition since they are
regularly monitored and repaired when needed by DPWH for national and provincial
coverage.The lifeline facilities in the municipality, however, do not have adaptive
capacities for potential hazards like insurance. Not relying on DPWH, municipal funds
for road constructions, reconstructions, and repairs are also not enough.

C.3 Risk Estimation

The total length of the roads exposed to Landslide is 116057.688 KM (84.61%)

and bridges were had a total length of 4736.147 Km. However, most of the roads from
the said figure, with the total length of 49,573.343 KM, are located in areas with Moderate
susceptibility to Landslide and 66484.345KM is highly susceptible to Landslide. These
figures are composed of: 14036.371 km National Road, 7708.129 km Provincial Roads
and 44703.097 km Municipal and Barangay Roads. Estimated value for all the roads
exposed is Php 405,356,847.3M. Two bridges of municipality are highly susceptible to
Landslide are in total of 164.42meter which is located in Barangay, Nacabuklad,
Sacramento Valley and Malayanan. (See Figure 3.10 on next page)

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 Figure 3.9: Lifeline Flood Exposure Map (Roads and Bridges

Figure 3.10: Lifeline Flood Risk Map (Roads and Bridges)

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 D. Natural Resource-Based (Agriculture)

D.1 Exposure

The municipality of of San Fernando has a total land area of 19,314.29 ha. For a
more detailed analysis, agriculture lands are divided into rice fields which has an area of
3,523.50 ha and the rest are non-rice (corn, banana, cassava, and other cash crops). 704.7
hectar are expose to flood or equivalent to 20% of rice area are susceptible to flooding.
Most of the area exposed to low moderate and some are high flood flood susceptibility.
Also 12% area of flood susceptibility are from non-rice area. This covers 1,498.2 hectares
are susceptible to flooding.

The barangays with the largest exposed rice field areas to Flood include.
Nacabuklad, Candelaria, Mabuhay, Kawayan, Magkalungay, Namnam, Iglugsad, San
Jose, Cayaga, Sto. Domingo, Palacpacan Halapitan and Kalagangan. Also the barangay
that has a largest exposed corn field areas to Flood include Tugop, Halapitan, Mabuhay,
Namnam, kalagangan, Cabuling, Durian, and Matupe. 14 barangay are rice exposed to
flood susceptibility and 9 barangay are corn exposed to flood susceptibility.

D.2 Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

As a municipality relying on agriculture and fisheries for a living, the local

government unit recognizes the importance of interventions targeting agricultural
production areas as well as the farmers and their dependents. Among the current
agriculture programs and interventions in the municipality include: irrigation, farm-to-market
roads, Registry System for Basic Sector in Agriculture (RSBSA) profiling, crop insurance,
Farmers’ Field School (FFS), Climate Smart Farm Business School (CSFBS), Integrated
Learning and 4H (Head, Heart, Hands, and Health) Camp, Rural Improvement Club (RIC),
School on the air (SOA), distribution of seeds and fertilizer, and distribution of production
machineries and equipment. Also, the municipal agriculture office assisting farmers for loan
application through land bank and other financial institutions based on Registry System for
Basic Sector in Agriculture (RSBSA) profiling.

Irrigation supplies water to agricultural lands. The percentage of irrigation cover

determines the ability of the municipality to provide water when there is less precipitation.
Irrigation in the municipality covers 70% of rice fields. Irrigation facilities in the municipality
are provided by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA), Department of Agriculture
(DA), and LGU-San Fernando.

According to the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO), a total of 523 farmers applied
for crop insurance. The number of farmers that applied for crop insurance indicates how
many farmers will have the capacity to start again after a natural disaster since the losses
can easily be recouped with the help of insurance. Local government units offer good
opportunities to expand knowledge and hone technical skills of local farmers by providing
worthwhile seminars and trainings. The local government unit of San Fernando—alongside
other agencies—has conducted Farmers’ Field School and Climate Smart Farm business
School which enhances the knowledge of farmers about different farming practices.

Farmers’ Field School in San Fernando is about Hybrid and inbred rice as well as
corn production; it is attended by 30 farmers in every barangay and in different season.
Also, the municipal agriculture office of San Fernando Conducted training on Value Adding
and processing and record keeping to the RIC member as well as to the farmers’

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association. It adds to the adaptive capacity of the municipality to play a role in food
security. Also not just providing trainings and seminars, the Municipal Agriculture Office of
San Fernando has its municipal nursery complex just to showcase the technology in
farming because the mentality of most farmers is to see is to believe.

D.3 Risk Estimation

There are 14 rice producing barangay and 9 corn producing barangay are flood
exposed and risk susceptibility. The barangays with the largest exposed rice field areas to
Flood include. Nacabuklad, Candelaria, Mabuhay, Kawayan, Magkalungay, Namnam,
Iglugsad, San Jose, Cayaga, Sto. Domingo, Palacpacan Halapitan, Bonacao and
Kalagangan. Also the barangay that has a largest exposed corn field areas to Flood include
Tugop, Halapitan, Mabuhay, Kibongkog, Namnam, kalagangan, Cabuling, Durian, and
Matupe. This area is at low flood exposure susceptibility and low risk category. This natural
resource-based production areas at low exposure and risk to Flooding are partially upland
areas composed of corn, banana, and other crops also rice areas. (See figure 3.12 on next
page)

E. Natural Resource-Based (Forest)

E.1 Exposure

There is a total of 34,626.44 ha of natural resources-based on forest. Forestland

are divided into 3 different types of forest which are Mossy Forest, Primary Forest,
Secondary forest and Plantations (Falcata, Gmelina, Rubber tree, Mahogany, Mangium
and etc.).
Based on the map above, there is a total of 2,138 ha forestland flooding exposure. For the
detailed analysis, barangay Iglugsad has the highest expose with a total of 325 ha followed
by Halapitan with a total of 316 and barangay San Jose has a lowest flood exposure with
a total of 2 ha. In addition, based on the flood exposure map, a total 497 has exposed in
high susceptibility followed by moderate with a total of 1,065 ha and low susceptibility with
a total of 534 ha.

E.2 Risk Estimation

There is a total of 2,118.2 ha (2.6 %) of natural resources forest areas in which

forest areas are affected in flood risk. All of the affected area is under the low risk because
of the adaptive capacity and it highly adapt into hazard susceptibility specially the tree
species. In addition, low risk flooding areas are located in the following barangay’s;
Halapitan, Iglugsad, Kawayan, Nacabuklad, Little Baguio, Magkalungay, Namnam,
Cayaga, Candelaria, Kalagangan, Sto. Domingo, Kibongkog, Bonacao, Palacpacan and
San Jose.

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Figure 3.11: Natural Base Resources Agricultural Areas Flood Exposure Map

Figure 3.12: Natural Base Resources Agricultural Areas Flood Risk Map

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Figure 3.13: Natural Base Resources Forest Flood Exposure Map

Figure 3.14: Natural Base Resources Forest Flood Risk Map

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3.1.7 Landslide

A. Population/Urban Use

A.1 Exposure

Population:

Total of 415.87 has or 95.75% residential area are exposed to landslide. There are 77.58
has or 18.66% are located in high landslide exposure, 81.30 has or 19.55% are moderate
and 256.99 has or 61.80% are low.

Urban Use:

San Fernando has a total land area of 82,162 hectares and 80% of it is
mountainous but a little part of it which about 4.33 hectares is exposed to high and
moderate landslide susceptibility as noted in Table 3.35 (List of Barangay Exposed to
Landslide) generated from Figure 3.16 (Urban Use Landslide Exposure Map). All 24
barangays have areas which identified with percent slope of 50% and above range based
on the slope category of San Fernando. Land area which allocated with socialized
housing projects to 0.65 hectares at Barangay Kibongcog is affected with high
susceptibility of landsdlide while areas of a total of 0.94 hectares which allocated with
agri-industrial infrastructures in 5 barangays namely Nacabuklad, Sacramento Valley,
Iglugsad, Little Baguio and Namnam are also exposed to high landslide susceptibility.
Moderate susceptibility is present in Barangay Halapitan and Little Baguio which
allocated with commercial establishments and cemetery. Low occurrence of landslide is
present in other barangays.

A.2 Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

Population:

The identified vulnerabilities for the population are most of the population is living
in areas with no legal claim or timberland, some are living in makeshift houses, using light
materials; 71.1% of the population lives below poverty threshold; literacy and malnutrition
were common vulnerability in the municipality.

In terms of the adaptive capacity of the population, only of the population are
members of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s). Financial Assistance for
senior citizens, solo parents, and poor families and PWDs are also provided. Financial
Educational Assistance are given to deserving IP individuals for scholarship. For the IP’s,
Cash for work program from MSWDO exists in the Municipality which provides aid to
those living below the poverty threshold. In terms of the government’s capacity to
generate job. This program aims to develop entrepreneur skills, alongside generating
employment and skills development.

There are three socialized housing projects in the municipality located at Beverly
Hills, Little Baguio, Purok 5, Iglugsad and Sitio Nangka, Kibongkog, all of San Fernando,
Bukidnon.

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Figure 3.15: Population (Residential Landslide Exposure Map

Figure 3.16: Urban Use Landslide Exposure Map

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 Urban Use:
As stated in Table 2 (List of Barangays Exposed to Landslide Susceptibility),
generated from Figure 3.18 (Urban Use Landslide Risk Map), the damage or destruction
is identified as low because agri-industrial structures only involve rice mill, cornmill and
horizontal structure like solar drier pavements. Sensitivity is identified as very high due
to highly elevated areas and presence of denuded forest. Adaptation for this hazard is
somewhat high because there’s a lot of project and programs conducted and
implemented regarding reforestation to prevent suspected areas from forest denudation.
Illegal logging is also strictly prohibited and forestal lands are regularly monitored. Trees
especially rare types are geotagged by the MENRO foresters to control and prevent the
forest from illegal logging activities. In case of the socialized housing site and cemetery,
availability of alternative relocation site and new cemetery site is prioritized in the
development plan.

A.3 Risk Estimation

Population:

There are no high and moderate landslide risk in the Municipality of San
Fernando, Bukidnon. However, low landslide risk will affect 285 has of residential area
or an approximate 40,917 individuals in the whole municipality.

Urban Use:

A total possible cost of damage is about Php 88,000 as the result of the
occurrence of landslide. This minimal destruction includes damage of agri-industrial
facilities, commercial establishments, cemeteries and housing units.

B. Critical Facilities

B.1 Exposure

All barangays are exposed to Landslide, there are 20 critical point facilities which
are moderately susceptible. In total, 80% of the facilities are exposed to Landslide.

B.2 Risk Estimation

There are 48 (11%) critical point facilities which are at risk to Landslide. There
were no facilities identified to be at high risk to Landslide however, 60 were determined
to be at moderate risk. These are located in Halapitan, Iglugsad, Palacpacan,
Kalagangan, San Jose and Cabuling.

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Figure 3.17: Population (Residential) Landslide Risk Map

Figure 3.18: Urban Use Landslide Risk Map

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Figure 3.19: Critical Facilities Landslide Exposure Map

Figure 3.20: Critical Facilities Landslide Risk Map

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 C. Lifeline Facilities

C.1 Exposure

The total length of the roads exposed to Landslide is 116057.688 KM (84.61%) and
bridges were had a total length of 4736.147 Km. However, most of the roads from the said
figure, with the total length of 49,573.343 KM, are located in areas with Moderate
susceptibility to Landslide and 66484.345KM is highly susceptible to Landslide. These
figures are composed of: 14036.371 km National Road, 7708.129 km Provincial Roads and
44703.097 km Municipal and Barangay Roads. Estimated value for all the roads exposed
is Php 405,356,847.3M. Two bridges of municipality are highly susceptible to Landslide are
in total of 164.42m. which is located in Barangay, Nacabuklad, Sacramento Valley and
Malayanan.

C.2 Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

Most of the roads (85.64%) in the municipality are with gravel surface. Bridges are
concretized, steel and constructed with composite structure and although most are
constructed a decade or more ago, they generally are in good condition since they are
regularly monitored and repaired when needed by DPWH for national and provincial
coverage. The lifeline facilities in the municipality, however, do not have adaptive capacities
for potential hazards like insurance. Not relying on DPWH, municipal funds for road
constructions, reconstructions, and repairs are also not enough.

C.3 Risk Estimation

D. Natural Resource-Based (Agriculture)

D.1 Exposure

All 24 barangay area in the municipality of San Fernando, are landslide susceptible
but most of the area are from non-rice production or the upland areas because most of this
area are above 18% slope. Most areas are in low, moderate to high landslide
susceptibiliy.70% of the area are exposed to landslide. Most areas belongs to high
landslide susceptibility are from corn areas because most of the area are above 18% slope
and it cannot hold the soil tightly because corn belongs to a shallow rooted crops. Also
most areas belongs to low to moderate susceptibility are from banana, cacao rubber and
other crops, it is because this crops can hold the soil from run off and erosions.

D.2 Risk Estimation

All 24 barangay in the municipality are in landslide susceptibility. There are 70% of
the natural based resources production area belong to landslide risk susceptibility but it’s
in, low to moderate and some of it belong to high category. This includes barangay
Malayanan, tugop, Nacabuklad, Sacramento Valley, Little Baguio, Halapitan, Mabuhay,
Magkalungay, Namnam, Palacpacan, Iglugsad, Kibongkog, Dao, Bonacao, Candelaria,
Kawayan,Sto. Domingo, Bulalang, San Jose, Cayaga, Kalagangan, Cabuling Durian and
Matupe. However, this area is at mostly low to moderate and somehow high landslide risk
susceptibility. Most of this Natural Based production areas are from non-rice areas or the
upland areas like corn, Banana and other crops. (See figure 27 on next page)

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 Figure 3.21: Lifeline Landslide Exposure Map (Roads and Bridges)

Figure 3.22: Lifeline Landslide Risk Map (Roads and Bridges)

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Figure 3.23: Natural Base Resources Agricultural Areas Landslide Exposure Map

Figure 3.24: Natural Base Resources Agricultural Areas Landslide Risk Map

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 E. Natural Resource-Based (Forest)

E.1 Exposure

There is a total of 34,506.135 ha (42.5%) of Forestlands susceptible to Landslide.

About 29,676.603 ha (36.6%) of Forestland are exposed to high landslide susceptibility
while 4,472.144 (5.5%) are exposed to moderate landslide susceptibility and only 357.392
hectares (0.44%) are exposed to low landslide susceptibility (as shown in Figure above).
Almost all barangays of the Municipality are prone to landslide. This is due to the fact that
majority of the land of San Fernando is mountainous and steeper in terms of slopes. Highly
susceptibility areas are the following; Barangay Nacabuklad, Candelaria, Kawayan,
Magkalungay, Namnam, Bulalang, Dao, Cabuling, Kibongcog, Bonacao, Sto. Dominggo,
Kalagangan, Halapitan, San Jose and a small portion of land areas of Barangay Durian,
Matupe, Iglugsad, Palacpacan, Tugop, Malayanan, Little Baguio, Cayaga and
Sacramento Valley with the total of 2230 has. On the other hand, moderate landslide
susceptibility also affects a small portion of land in Barangay Nacabuklad, Candelaria,
Bulalang, Dao, Kibongcog, Palacpacan, Bonacao, San Jose, Sto. Domingo, Kalagangan,
Halapitan, Matupe, Iglugsad, Little Baguio, Cayaga and Sacramento Valley a total of
9752.2 has. Moreover, low landslide susceptibility occupies a small portion of land in
Barangay Nacabuklad, Candelaria, Magkalungay, Halapitan, Sto. Domingo, Namnam,
Palacpacan, Bonacao, Matupe, Iglugsad and Cayaga total of 22550.7 ha.

E.2 Risk Estimation

There is a total of 2,118.2 ha (2.6 %) of natural resources forest areas in which

forest areas are affected in flood risk. All of the affected area is under the low risk because
of the adaptive capacity and it highly adapt into hazard susceptibility specially the tree
species. In addition, low risk flooding areas are located in the following barangay’s;
Halapitan, Iglugsad, Kawayan, Nacabuklad, Little Baguio, Magkalungay, Namnam,
Cayaga, Candelaria, Kalagangan, Sto. Domingo, Kibongkog, Bonacao, Palacpacan and
San Jose.

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Figure 3.25: Natural Base Resources Forest Landslide Exposure Map

Figure 3.26: Natural Base Resources Forest Landslide Risk Map

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3.1.8 Climate Change Impact Chain Analysis

A. Increase in Temperature/ Increase in Rainfall

A.1 Forest Ecosystem

Figure 3.27: Impact Chain Diagram (Forest)

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 A.2 Agriculture Ecosystem

Figure 3.28: Impact Chain Diagram (Agriculture)

Decrease in

Temperature

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 A.3 Urban Ecosystem

Figure 3.29
Impact Chain Diagram (Urban)

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3.1.9 Major Decision Areas

A. Issue Matrix (Residential )

A B C D E
Decision Description Problems/ Impacts/ Policy Intervention
Areas Hazards Implications
Residential Areas Area located near the Area prone to river  Severe potential damages  Establishment of Early
(portion) at Barangay Tigua River flooding, potential area to residential houses due Warning System and
Candelaria, Kawayan, for scouring that may to floods formulation of flood
Iglugsad & Mabuhay cause damage to  Potential injuries and contingency plan to lessen
houses & properties casualties during floods injuries and casualties
 Construction of Flood during floods.
Control Dikes along the  Land Banking are
river & other mitigation encourage to prepare
measures to retain existing future relocation site
land uses.
 Future uncontrolled growth
of settlements may
increase exposure and
risks.
Residential Area located near the  Area are prone  Severe potential damages  Establishment of Early
Areas at Tigua River & to river flooding, to residential houses, Warning System and
Barangay Tugop Pulangui River potential area farms due to floods formulation of flood
for scouring that  Potential injuries and contingency plan to lessen
may cause casualties during floods injuries and casualties
damage to  Construction of Flood during floods.
houses & Control Dikes along the  Land Banking are
properties river & other mitigation encourage to prepare
 Area are prone measures to retain existing future relocation site
to flooding due land uses.
to its plain  Future uncontrolled growth
terrain of settlements may
increase exposure and
risks.

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 B. Issue Matrix (Urban Use)

A B C D E
Decision Areas Description Problems/ Impacts/ Implications Policy Interventions
Hazards
Agri-Industry  Increased surface run-of  Construction of standard
-Namnam -The location is near -Area is prone to high  Occurrence of flood drainage system
the visibility of flood susceptibility  Damage to agri-industrial  Construction of flood control
Namnam River facilities system
 Business temporary  Construction of dikes
-Mabuhay - The location is near -Area is exposed to shutdown  No build along the river
the visibility of moderate flood  Loss of income easements
Mabuhay River susceptibility  High expenditure for
renovation or new
-Kalagangan - The location is near -Area is exposed to construction
the visibility of moderate flood
Simsimon River susceptibility
Cemetery  Increased surface run-off  Construction of standard
-Cayaga -The location is near -Area is prone to high  Occurrence of flood drainage system
the visibility of flood susceptibility  Damage to structures  Construction of flood control
Mambuaya River  Loss of barangay income system
 Loss of funeral services  Construction of dikes
-Kalagangan -- The location is near -Area is exposed to  High expenditure of repair  No build along the river
the visibility of moderate flood and renovation or new easements
Simsimon River susceptibility construction  Availability of new cemetery
 Slippery pathways site
 Clogged drainage
Agri-industrial  Soil erosion  Construction of retaining
-Nacabuklad -these areas are -Areas are exposed to  Occurrence of landslide wall
-Sacramento Valley mountainous with a high landslide  Damage of land property  Riprapping
-Iglugsad maximum slope of susceptibility  Damage of infrastructure  Conduct of National
-Little Baguio 50% and above Greening Program
-Namnam range.

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  High expenditure for  Establishment of Brgy
- renovation Nursery for the
 Loss of livelihood reproduction of seedlings to
 Business temporary support regular conduct of
shutdown tree planting activities
 Loss of post-harvest
infrastructure and support
facilities
Socialized Housing -Area is mountainous Area is exposed to high  Soil erosion  Construction of retaining
-Brgy with a maximum susceptibility of  Occurrence of landslide wall
-Kibongcog slope range of 30- landslide  Damage of housing units  Rirapping
50%  Damage of land property  Concreting of roadways
 High expenditure for  Availability of alternative
renovation relocation site
 Slippery roadways
 Damage of drainage
system

Commercial Area is surrounded Area is exposed to  Soil erosion  Use of standard materials
-Halapitan with sloping land medium susceptibility  Occurrence of landslide for construction
-Little Baguio partitions with a  Damage of land property  Construction of retaining
-Sto Domingo sloping range of 30%-  Damage of structures walls
50% and 50% above.  Slippery pathways  Riprapping
 Damage of various  Availability of alternative
products location for new
 Business shutdown construction
 Loss of income  Reforestation
 Unemployment
 High expenditure for
renovation

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  Loss of post-harvest
infrastructure and support
facilities
Cemetery Area is located at high Area is prone to medium  Soil erosion  Availability of new cemetery
-Halapitan and sloping location susceptibility  Occurrence of landslide site
with a range of 18%-  Damage of structures  Riprapping
30% slope  Loss of municipal income  Construction of retaining
 Loss of funeral services wall
 Reforestation


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 C. Issue Matrix (Critical Facilities)

A B C D E
Decision Description Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
Sacramento Valley Areas are located at Areas are prone to -Future uncontrolled growth -Conduct of existing structural
(Covered Court, Health steep slope of landslide since there is of settlements may increase condition assessment
Center, Barangay Hall, Barangay a soil liquefaction exposure and risks -Ensure property insurance
Day Care Center,Elem. Sacramento Valley happen at present -Potential damages to -Impose implementation of
School,Iglesia Sa Dios facilities due to landslide hazard resistant structural
Church) design in the
Malayanan (Covered construction/rehabilitation of
Court, Barangay infrastructure
Hall,Health Center, -Provision of additional
Lupon Building, Elem. lifesaving facilities and early
School,Day Care warning system
Center) -Construction of additional
Little Baguio (Elem. Areas are located at evacuation centers for all
School) steep slope of barangays
Barangay -Additional health facilities and
Sacramento Valley supply in all barangay health
Halapitan (Ilian Elem. center
School,Santa Cruz -Improve all communication
Elem. School) services for all barangays
Magkalungay (Elem. -Relocate facilities in low-risk
School) areas
Iglugsad (Brgy Hall,
Covered Court, Health
Center, Day
Care Center, Elem
School)
Kibongkog (Brgy Hall,
Covered Court, Health
Center, Day Care
Center, Elem School)

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 D. Issue Matrix (Forest)

A B C D E
Decision Description Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
 Magkalungay Area located at mount  Illegal logging  Landslide  RA 7586-NIPAS law
 Cayaga Pantaron range, Deforestation/ Kaingin  Flood  RA 9147-Wildlife act.
 Dao Bulalang range, Dao  Disturbance of animals  PD 705-Revised
 Bulalang range and Kibongkog  Immigration of Animals  Forest law
 Kalagangan range Disturbance of animals
 Halapitan habitat
 Kawayan
 Bonacao

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 E. Issue Matrix (Agriculture)
A B C D E
Decision/ Description Problems/ Impact/ Policy
Areas Hazards Implication Interventions
Bonacao, Cabuling, 20 brgy Agricultural Flood Submerging and Reinforcement of greening
Candelaria areas exposed lodging of crops programs (i.e., reforestation)
Cayaga because it is Which result to -Promotion of sustainable farming
Durian susceptible to flooding declination of yield techniques (e.g. organic agriculture,
Halapitan low Income conservation agriculture, agroforestry,
Iglugsad poor food security risk-coping production systems)
Kalagangan -Strengthening of farmer
Kawayan associations and cooperatives
Kibongkog -Increase the number of farmers
Little Baguio applying for crop insurance
Mabuhay -Expansion of coverage of
Magkalungay insurance (i.e. include livestock and
Matupe aquaculture)
Nacabuklad -Provision of Flood-, salt-, drought-
Namnam tolerant, and upland rice varieties
Palacpacan -Establishment of multi-purpose drying
San Jose pavement
Sto. Domingo -Expansion of coverage of
Tugop insurance (i.e. include livestock and
aquaculture)
24 Barangays -Provision of water pump
-Establish rain water collection
All Barangays Affect the topography facilities
and quality of the soil - Provision of farm tools and
Landslide which result to equipment (e.g. tractors, harvester,
degradation of soil miller)
quality.

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 F. Issue Matrix (Lifeline)

Concreting the roads with gravel and trail surfaces is an effective intervention for more effective coping up with the hazards
that may occur in the municipality. Aside from the durability that the concretizing contributes, accessibility to the essential services
would be easier. Several proposals from the Municipal Planning and Development Office were submitted regarding concretization
of the unpaved roads. Also, during hazard events and rescue operations should be done, easy access to roads and more assured
and clearer rescue instructions from the Barangay Captains will be received if roads and streets would be named in a form of
resolution. Construction of bridges is also important, as there are some areas in the municipality which are not accessible in flood
events.

A B C D E
Decision Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Description
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
Mildly Severe
Footbridge is Danger
-Malayanan -Footbridge implication for damage Establishing Flood Control
and prone of Flood
-Sacramento Valley -Salolong Bridge of Base and Deck due
to flood
-Comawas-
BarangayTugop
-SDA Road
Severe implication for
-Sta. Cruz Road Road is prone for Flood Establishing Flood Control
damage of concrete
-San Isidro Road and Scouring & Ditching Tree Planting
pavement and Surface
-National Road- Along River
Gravel due to flood
Halapitan Kapalong-Davao
-Tourism Road
-Colon Road
-New Cemetery Road
Footbridge is Danger Severe implication for Establishing Flood Control
Nala Footbridge and prone of Flood damage of Base and and Tree Planting along
Deck due to flood river

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 A B C D E
Decision Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Description
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
Nacabuklad Brgy Road 4
-National Road
Kapalong-Davao
-Brgy Road 2
-Brgy Road 4
Mabuhay -Street Road 4
Severe implication for
-Street Road 3 Road is prone for Flood Establishing Flood Control &
damage of concrete
-Street Road 1 and Scouring Ditching Tree Planting Along
pavement and Surface
-Mabuhay Bridge River
Gravel due to flood
-Malambago-
Magkalungay Road
Magkalungay
-Magkalungay
Footbridge
Candelaria Road 2
Severe implication
Replace Bridge or
Candelaria Spillway is prone for Impact for damage of
Spillway Implement Bigger Triple
Flood and Scouring concrete slab and
Barrel Culvert
culvert
Severe implication for Establishing Flood Control &
-Brgy Road 3 Road is prone for flood damage of concrete Ditching Tree Planting Along
-Sitio Dam Road and scouring pavement and Surface River
Kawayan Gravel due to flood
Footbridge is Danger Severe implication for
Replace or alter into
Kawayan Footbridge and prone of Flood and damage of Deck slab
Concrete Bridge
Dilapidated result falling

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 A B C D E
Decision Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Description
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
-Iglugsad- Establishing Flood Control &
Severe implication for
Kibongcog Ditching Tree Planting Along
Road is prone for flood damage of concrete
Iglugsad -Street Road 1 River
and scouring pavement and Surface
-Street Road 2
Gravel due to flood
-Street Road 3
Severe implication Impact Replace Bridge or Implement
Spillway is prone for Flood
Kibongkog Spillway for damage of concrete Bigger Triple Barrel Box
and Scouring
slab and culvert Culvert
Bridge is Danger and Severe implication for Establishing Flood controls,
-Sumpitan Bridge
prone of Flood and Base damage of Deck slab Riprapping Sloping Area and
-Balakayo Bridge
Scouring result Construction of Gabions
-ARISP lll Road
-Namnam Road 5
Namnam -Namnam Road 1
-National Road-
-Kapalong Davao
-National Road-Kapalong
Davao
-Namnam - Laac Road
Establishing Flood Control &
-National Road-Kapalong Severe implication for
Ditching Tree Planting Along
Davao Road is prone for flood damage of concrete
River
-Street Road 1 and scouring pavement and Surface
Sto. Domingo Gravel due to flood
-Street Road 1
-Brgy Road 8
-Street Road 7
-National Road-Kapalong
Davao
San Jose
-Street Road 3
-Street Road 2
Palacpacan
Brgy Road
Dao

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 A B C D E
Decision Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Description
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
National Road-Kapalong
Davao
-Street Road 2
-Street Road 8
Cayaga
-Street Road 5
-Street Road 1
-Street Road 6
-Street Road 3 Severe implication for Establishing Flood Control &
-Street Road 1 Road is prone for flood damage of concrete Ditching Tree Planting Along
-Street Road 2 and scouring pavement and Surface River
-Street Road 5 Gravel due to flood
-Street Road 6
Kalagangan
-Street Road 7
-Sitio Road
-Street Road 19
-Street Road 20
National Road-Kapalong
Bonacao Davao
Bonacao Bridge
Bridge is Danger and Severe implication for Establishing Flood controls,
-Kalagangan Bridge
Kalagangan prone of Flood and Base damage of Deck slab Riprapping Sloping Area and
Baugan Bridge
Scouring result Construction of Gabions
Cayaga Cayaga Bridge
-Matupe National Road
-Street Road 4
Matupe -Street Road 2
-Street Road 3
-Street Road 1
Severe implication for
-Municipal Road Establishing Flood Control &
Road is prone for flood damage of concrete
-Street Road 1 Ditching Tree Planting Along
Cabuling and scouring pavement and Surface
-Street Road 2 River
Gravel due to flood
-School Road
-Street Road 1
-Street Road 2
Durian
-Street Road 5
-Street Road 6

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 -Street Road 4
-Street Road 3

A B C D E
Decision Problems/ Impacts/ Policy
Description
Area/s hazards Implications Interventions
Footbridge is Danger and Establishing Flood controls,
Severe implication for
Nala Footbridge prone of Flood and Base Riprapping Sloping Area and
damage of Deck slab result
Halapitan Scouring Construction of Gabions
-Nala Road 1
-Nala Road 2
Barangay Road 2
Nacabuklad Barangay Road 3
Comawas-Brgy. Tugop
Sitio Kaminungahan-Sitio
Kawayan
Dam Road
Kalagangan Municipal Road
Candelaria Rd 2 Severe implication for
Establishing Flood Control &
Candelaria Candelaria Rd 3 Road is prone for flood damage of concrete
Ditching Tree Planting Along
Candelaria Rd 4 and scouring pavement and Surface
River
Malambago, Magkalungay Gravel due to flood
Magkalungay
Road
Street Road 1
Matupe
Street Road 1
Cabuling Street Road 4
Tugop Tugop-Crossing Cabulohan
Sto.Domingo-Palacpacan
Sto. Domingo
Road
Cayaga Lugawon Road

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3.2 ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

A. Introduction

The research team of Central Mindanao University (CMU) had conducted

Biodiversity Study in selected Mountain Ecosystems of Mindanao for Conservation and
Sustainable Development. Thus, Barangay Magkalungay of the Municipality of San
Fernando is one of the biodiversity hot spots and conservation areas of Mindanao cited by
the said agency. The study is implemented with the collaborating agencies namely: 1.
University of Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), 2. National Museum of the Philippines (NMP),
and 3. Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DorSU) with the joint
support of Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Center for
Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM). It is funded and monitored
by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). The ongoing three-year
implementation duration was started last December 1, 2018 and will probably end on
November 30, 2021.

Barangay Magkalungay, with a land area of 1,436.67 hectares, has a forestal land
of about 1,246.17 hectares or 86.74% of barangay’s total land area. Approximately, 75%
of land cover is composed mostly of mossy and primary forests. Aside from that, the
barangay is also one of the twelve stewards of Registered Integrated Social Forestry/
Community-Based Forestry Management (ISF/CBFMA). The cited area has a varied
habitat types and landscapes which contribute to high degree of biological diversity that
deserves a concerted conservation effort.

B. Methods

The three sampling sites at Pantaron Range are Mt. Bungkasan, Mt. Nabagkesan
and Mt. Malimumu. The study focused on the fauna, flora and aquatic diversity using
different sampling techniques and related diversity indices. Biodiversity parameters such
as Shannon Diversity Index and Simpson Domnance index were computed for the various
sampling sites using bird-sampling data.

C. Results and Discussions

C.1. Fauna Report

There are four classes of vertebrate species involved in the fauna concentration
namely; amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In terms of species inventory, the
highest number of vertebrates which were recorded to occur in different types of vegetation
are bird species composed of 35 counts which represents 4.38% of the total number of
bird species in the Philippines followed by 17 (7.23%) reptiles, and 15 (8.57%) mammals.
The lowest number belongs to amphibians with 14 (13%) species. (See Figure 3.30)

Using Shannon (Figure 3.31) and Simpson (Figure 3.32) indices, out of 3 cited
sampling area, the highest diversity index belongs to Mt. Malimumu when identified
graphically using the rarefaction plot in shown in Figure 3.33.

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Figure 3.30: Species Composition of Vertebrates in Mt. Malimumu

Figure 3.31: Diversity Indices of Vertibrates using Simpsons Index.

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Figure 3.32: Diversity Indices using Shannon Diversity Index

Figure 3.33: Rarefaction Plot

Based on the results of the conservation status of vertebrates of Mt. Malimumu,

bird species are critically endangered and most vulnerable wherein studies concluded that
there are species discovered in the area which has been categorized as very likely to
become extinct. One of the most critically endangered species of birds in which the
Municipality of San Fernando abundant of this type of specie no other than Philippine
Eagle specie as shown in Figure 3.37. It has been declared as Philippine National Bird.
Protection of this specie will also conserve other endemic wildlife making it an umbrella
specie for the Philippines. They are also the most threatened vertebrate composed of 24

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species which represents 24.49 % of the total threatened birds in the Philippines as stated
in Figure 3.34.

Figure 3.34: Conservation Status of Vertebrates

Figure 3.35: Ecological Status of Vertebrates of Mt. Malimumu

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Figure 3.36: Threatened and Endemic Species of Vertebrates in Mt. Malimumu

As per ecological status of vertebrates, there are species which are confined and
can only be found and occur only within specific areas. Some evolve in that place, adapting
to the local environment and continuing to live within the confines of that environment and
others are originated somewhere else but has lost most of its earlier geographic range.
Out of the four classes studied by the team, birds ranked as the most endemic vertebrates
which composed of 26 species which represents 18.30% of the total endemic birds in the
Philippines as illustrated in Figure 3.35. There are 16 bird species belongs to Philippine
Endemic, 8 in Mindanao Endemic, 9 in Widespread Endemic and 2 in Island Endemic.
There are also other vertebrates like amphibians, mammals and reptiles which do have
endemic species but in few numbers only as listed in Figure 3.34. The following figures
are some of the noteworthy birds, frogs, reptiles and mammals which are vulnerable and
endemic nationwide as shown in Figure 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41.

Figure 3.37: Philippine Endemic Bird and Critically Endangered

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Figure 3.38: Philippine Endemic Bird Species

Figure 3.39: Endemic/Vulnerable Amphibians

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Figure 3.40: Endemic Reptiles

Figure 3.41Endemic/ Vulnerable Mammals

Mt. Malilmumu is also rich of invertebrate species or those that neither possess nor
develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord. There are 9 order categories of
invertebrates’ included in the study. The area is rich in Coleoptera or an order of insects
that includes beetles composed of 68 species, the largest of all orders. It also rich in
Lepidoptera, or an order of insects that includes butterfiles and moths composed of 64
species, one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world.
Other order form of invertebrates are listed in Figure 3.42 with its corresponding number
of species.

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Figure 3.42: Species Richness of Invertebrates in Mt. Malimumu.

Figure 3.43 shows the taxonomy enumeration of invertebrate species and its
corresponding ecological status of endemicity. As per result, there are 15 species which
identified as Philippine Endemic while 7 species belongs to Mindanao Endemic.

Figure 3.43 Ecological Status of Invertebrates in Mt. Malimumu

Lepidoptera order is also one of the two orders of insects which are identified as
threatened invertebrates in Mt. Malimumu and there are three (3) species of insects found
in Mt. Malimumu, two (2) are vulnerable and one (1) are least common. The other one is
the order Phasmatodea, also known as Phasmids, whose members are variously known
as stick insects, stick bugs, walking sticks, or bugsticks. Specific description of the two
orders are detailed in Figure 3.44.

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Figure 3.44: Threatened Invertebrates of Mt. Malimumu

The following are some of the noteworthy butterflies, moths and phasmids that are
found in Mt. Malimumu and identified as Philippine Endemic as shown in Figure 3.45 and
3.46.

Figure 3.45: Endemic Lepidoptera

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Figure 3.46: Endemic Phasmatodea

Figure 3.47 stated that out of 81 vertebrates, there are 45 threatened species
identified. Threatened species considered as critically endangered, endangered,
vulnerable or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction.
The study also concluded that out of this total, 41 species discovered are considered
Philippine Endemic while 15 species belongs to Mindanao Endemic.

On the other side, invertebrates has 214 total of species identified wherein 4
species are considered threatened species. Out of this total, there are 15 species
discovered to be included in the Philippine Endemic while 7 species are under Mindanao
Endemic category.

Figure 3.47: Fauna Summary

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C.2. Flora Report

Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the
provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being.

Plant and tree species diversity, richness, and similarity were studied in three
sampling sites of Pantaron Range. Species composition includes; a.) Trees and Shrubs,
b.) Ferns and Lycophytes and c.) Other Flowering Plants. Out of 380 total number of
species representing 3.82% of the total number of Philippine vascular flora, trees and
shrubs are the dominant species composed of 141 species under 83 genera and 47
families. It is followed by ferns and lycophytes composed of 131 species under 61 genera
and 27 families. Other details are listed in Figure 3.48.

Images of flora found in the area are shown in Figure 3.49 and Figure 3.50.
Different species of plant group are identified with their importance value.

Figure 3.48: Species and Composition

Figure 3.49: Species Importance Value (Trees and Shrubs)

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Figure 3.50: Species Importance Value (Ferns and Lycophytes)

As demonstrated in Figure 3.51, out of 10 types of species of tree profile, Shorea

Polysperma dominated in the area, one of the largest tree species in the said area. It is a
species of Rainforest Trees in the Family Dipterocarpaceae. It is commonly known as
Tanguile here in the Philippines. Shorea contorta is also belongs to the family of
Dipterocarpaceae. It is commonly known as White Lauan. Furthermore, the family of
Dipterocarpaceae is commonly known as timber wood producing because of its bole
straightness.

Figure 3.51: Sample of Tree Profile

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 The Shannon Diversity Index (H) was used to characterize the richness of flora
species in the area. The same with the fauna study, the three sampling sites are plotted
for flora diversity. Shannon Diversity Index (H) means that lower values indicate more
diversity while higher values indicate less diversity. Tree Group has highest diversity index
of 1.8 in Mt. Malimumu while Ferns and Lycophytes Group got highest diversity index of
1.7 in Mt. Malimumu. Graphical formation is illustrated in Figure 3.52.

Figure 3.52: Diversity Indices

Based on the results of the conservation status of plant groups, ferns and
lycophytes are critically endangered and most threatened which accounts to 19 species.
This is due to deforestation, unhealthy habitats, human exploitation and absence of
monitoring if those rare plant populations are still thriving. Results are illustrated in Figure
3.53.

Figure 3.53 : Conservation status of Flora

Endemic plants are special because they are found in only one location on the
planet, and nowhere else. They adapt and change within the very specific parameters of
that one location. These plants are perfectly adapted to thrive in the climate and soil type

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of the area. In terms of percentage of endemism, other flowering plant group got the
highest of 13.89% followed by Trees and Shrubs Groups with 10.64%. The least
endangered species belongs to Ferns and Lycophytes Group having 9.16% of endemism.
Figure 3.54 shows the differentials of plant endemism. Some threatend, rare, endangered
and noteworthy flora species of the three plant groups are shown in Figure 3.55, 3.56 and
3.57.

Figure 3.54; Percentage of Plant Endemism

Figure 3.55: Some Threatened, Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Trees and Shrubs

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Figure 3.56: Some Threatened, Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Ferns and
Lycophytes

Figure 3.57: Some Threatened, Endemic, Rare and Noteworthy Other Flowering
Plants

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 The implementation of the study had gain new distribution records of 4 plant
species. The team reported the fisrt occurrence of these species at Mt. Malimumu namely;
1.) Lecanopteris luzunensis Hennipman, a genus ferns in the family Polypodiaceae is
identified as endangered species, 2.) Pronephrium merrillii (Christ) Holttum, a genus ferns
in the family Thelypteridaceae, 3.) Lindsaea hamiguitanensis D.N. Karger & V.B. Amoroso
of genus ferns is identified as vulnerable specie and 4.) Amyema curranii (Merr.) Danser,
a flowering plants of family Loranthaceae Juss. The new distribution records of 4 species
are shown in Figure 3.58.

Figure 3.58: New Distribution Records

It has been concluded that out of 380 species of flora, trees and shrubs are the
dominant flora composed of 141 species followed by 131 ferns and lycophytes and 108
other flowering plants. Out of the said total, there are 34 threatened species while its
endemism is rated with 33.66% which represents 17% of the total Philippine Endemic
Species as shown in Figure 3.59. Considering the area of Mt. Malimumu, ferns and
lycophytes resulted to 1.7 diversity index while trees has 1.8 index.

Figure 3.59: Conlusion (Flora)

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C.3 Aquatic Report

Aquatic wildlife is an important source of food, medicine, energy, jobs, atmospheric

oxygen, buffers against new diseases, pests, and predators and protection against food
shortages and global climate change. Aquatic biodiversity is the rich and wonderful variety
of plants and animals that live in watery habitats. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to the
health of the environment and to the quality of human life. People depend on many aquatic
plants and animals and their ecological functions, for their survival.

During the realization of the field study, considering the aquatic wildlife condition
of the area , there’s a lot of plant species found such as ferns and lycophytes composed
of 50 species which dominates the place along aquatic zone of Nabangkal River. It is
followed by trees and shrubs with 21 species and understory plants having 18 species.
Details are listed in Figure 3.60. Tree Profile is illustrated in Figure 3.61.

Figure 3.60: Aquatic Plant Species Composition

Figure 3.61: Aquatic Tree Profile

The lethal combination of historical overfishing and habitat degradation is blamed

for the problems of many endangered and threatened aquatic species. Some of the
threatened and endemic species of fern, lycophytes, trees, shrubs and flowering plants

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found in the aquatic zone of Nabangkal River are shown in Figure 3.62 and Figure 3.63.
Some of these species are identified as vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered.

Figure 3.62: Some Threatened and Endemic Species of Ferns and Lycophytes

Figure 3.63: Some Threatened, Endemic and Rare Trees, Shrubs and Flowering
Plants

Nabangkal River is rich in aquatic animals such as fish which serves as the source
of food and income of native residents of Barangay Magkalungay. As per progress of the
study. The team discovered native two species of fish namely; 1. Puntius bantolanensis
and 2. Callogobius maculipinnis. Images of these endemic species are shown in Figure
3.64.

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Figure 3.64: Native and Endemic Species of Fish in Nabangkal River

Aside from those endemic species found in the locality, other common species are
maybe become critically endangered due to existence of introduced and invasive species
such as catfish and other variety. Although their spread can have beneficial aspect such
as being source of food and income, it adversely affect the invaded habitats and bioregions
causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. It could also cause harm to
human health, and other valued resources. These species acts as predators to native
aquatic animals. They have that characteristics that quickly spread even in the absence of
water and can live in muddy habitat and eat eggs of other species which in turn could
critically endanger native species. There are four introduced and invasive species
identified in the place shown in Figure 3.65.

Figure 3.65: Introduced and Invasive Species of Fish in Nabangkal River

There are tests conducted in Nabangkal River to identify the physico-chemical

parameters of stream. Water quality parameters include temperature, acidity, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity. The highest temperature identified in the said river is at downstream
scene having 22.53⁰C which pass the optimal temperature range of 5⁰C-25⁰C indicating
inhabitabitable water for fish and other organisms. The river had a measured pH ranging
from 7.84 to 8.17 in a range of locations wherein it is slightly more than the optimum pH of

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7.4 for Water River as shown in Figure 3.66. However, the water acidity is still sufficient to
support most river life with the possible exception of some organism that needs lower or
higher acidity.

Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liqud. It is the condition resulting from
suspended solids in the water, including silt, clays, wastes, sewage and plankton. In
Nabangkal River, the turbidity of water is ranging from 16.04 to 36.09 Nephelometer
Turbidity Units (NTU) as shown in Figure 3.66. High turbidity is located at downstream
wherein suspended particles is more present and invasive animals like catfish and other
species are likely to adapt.

Dissolved oxygen is considered to be one of the most important parameters of

water quality of river. It is the key test of water pollution. The higher the concentration of
dissolved oxygen, the better the quality. Water fish needs higher levels (4 to 15mg/L). The
amount of dissolve oxygen tested in Nabangkal River varies from 4.88 to 5.92 mg/L which
is an adequate supply for the survival of fish as shown in Figure 3.66. It indicates also that
the river is healthy due to oxygen produced by rooted aquatic plants and algae as a product
of photosynthesis.

Figure 3.66: Physico-chemical Parameters of Nabangkal River

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Figure 3.67: Conclusions (Aquatic Species)

D. indigenous Knowledge System on Natural Resource Utilization,

Conservation, and Management in Mt. Malimumu

Understanding the local condition of Indigenous People in Mt. Malimumu of

Barangay Magkalungay is also one of the goal for sustainable development through direct
connection to resource management and conservation. Thus, the team conducted
Indigenous Knowledge System on natural resources, utilization, conservation and
management in the area.

Figure 3.68 Image of the Peak of Mt. Malimumu and the Native Residence

Figure 3.69: Map of Barangay Magkalungay, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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 As an initial step, the team identify the location through mapping and interview
protocol as shown in Figure 3.69 and 3.70. The protocol includes courtesy call with the
Barangay Officials, Tribal Leaders/Elders, Bagani and Women’s President followed by the
presentation of Consent Letter, Capability Building for Research Collaborators and Local
Researchers and Signing of Consent Letter.

Figure 3.70 Interview Protocol

The team also conducted socio-demographic profiling of the key informants and
focus group participants who are mostly Manobo and Tigwahanon tribal groups. Most of
them are farmers and farm laborers. Other data are detailed in Figure 3.71. Evidences are
shown in Figure 3.72.

Figure 3.71: Socio-Demographic Profile

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Figure 3.72: Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion

Figure 3.73: Interview Results (Natural Resource Utilization)

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Figure 3.74: Interview Results (Natural Resource Conservation and Management)

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Figure 3.75: Interview Results (Reasons for Continuous Farming and Extraction of
Forest Resources)

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Figure 3.76: Conclusion on indigenous Knowledge System on Natural Resource
Utilization, Conservation, and Management in Mt. Malimumu

E. Policy Recommendations

E.1 (DENR and LGU)

1. Implementation of in situ and ex situ conservation measures for the threatened and
endemic species of plants and animals particularly the site endemic species such
as Nepenthes cabanae, N. malimumuensis, N. manobo and Ophioderma
subsessile for long term monitoring, (Refer to checklist of the threatened and
endemic plants and animals);
2. Protection of the forest habitat of the Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyii);
3. Participation in trainings on propagation protocols, spore culture and nursery
establishment for the economically-important plants including the endangered and
endemic ones;
4. Dissemination of the Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA)
materials like posting in strategic places to enhance understanding and awareness
of the biodiversity in the area.
5. Re-introduction of indigenous species of plants through Assisted Natural
Regeneration (ANR) to enhance the forest cover;
6. Integration of sustainable indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in the utilization of
forest and other natural resources by conducting cultural sensitivity trainings ,
among field staff/implementers, and supporting the declaration of Indigenous
Peoples’ Day and its regular celebration to recognize and revitalize the IKS on
forest and natural resources utilization and management;
7. Regular monitoring of the implementation of existing policies/laws on the utilization
of forest and other natural resources;

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 8. Provision of technical and financial support to the Community-Based Forest
Protection Unit (CBFU)
9. Provision of budget for sustainable livelihood of communities to limit extraction of
forest resources and selling of farm areas to “local capitalists”; and
10. Legislation of local ordinance declaring Mt. Malimumu as Local Conservation Area
(LCA).

E.2 LGU’s (Municipal & Barangay)

1. Integration of biodiversity data in the development of the comprehensive eco-

tourism plan;
2. Declaration of an “Indigenous Peoples’ Day” and allocation of budget for its regular
celebration, for the recognition and revitalization of IKS on forest and natural
resources utilization and management;
3. Allocation of budget for sustainable livelihood communities to limit the extraction of
forest resources and selling of farm areas to “local capitalists”;
4. Legislation of Barangay/Municipal ordinance declaring Mt. Malimumu as Local
Conservation Area (LCA)

E.3 Education/ HEI’s

1. Dissemination of the Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA)

materials like posting in strategic places to enhance understanding and awareness
of the biodiversity in the area.
2. Integration of the endemic and threatened species of plants and animals in the
learning materials for elementary and high school students.

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3.3 ANCESTRAL DOMAIN AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

A. Ancestral Domain Situation

Scope

As per report prepared by FEMMATRICS on July 30, 2018 with assistance

from ADF, PAFID and NCIP and based on the testimonies of IP leaders during the
3D mapping process, traditional ancestral domain claim comprises a total land area
of approximately 136,336,469 hectares. It covers around 30 barangays and 15
barangay portions in 5 municipalities and 2 city districts.

The NCIP approved land area of CADT, on the other hand, is only
102,324.82 hectares as indicated in the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
(CADT R10-KIT-0703-0011). This parcel of land covers 24 barangays and 12
barangay portions in 5 municipalities (Kitaotao, North Cotabato, Quezon, San
Fernando and Kibawe) and 1 city district (Marilog District Davao City). The said
area includes 4 barangays of the Municipality of San Fernando namely, Cabuling,

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 Durian, Matupe and portion of Kalagangan. Several portions of traditional claim,
however, appear to be excluded in ancestral domain title and digitized CADT map
includes portions of barangays Bulalang and Dao.

Terrain

Most (82.3%) of ancestral domain areas are characterized by very steep

slopes (50 degrees and above) and steep slopes (30-50 degrees). The eastern
side of ancestral domain is bounded by major river system, known as Salug or
Davao River. Tributaries of Davao River extend from Marilog District to the
Municipalities of San Fernando, Kitaotao and Quezon. Other water bodies, like
creeks and springs, can also be seen in different parts of the territory.

Current Land Use

During the rehabilitation of 3D map, different uses of land and natural

resources were identified. At present, most areas are comprised by brushland
(26.4%), secondary forest (25%), primary forest (18.3%), and grassland (10.5%).
Only 17.6% is used for agricultural production, and 1.6% for residential sites and
built-up areas.

Hazard Vulnerability

According to hazard vulnerability map, several areas in ancestral domain

are vulnerable to earthquakes due to the presence of around 10 fault lines beneath
the surface of the land, particularly in portions of Kitaotao, San Fernando, Marilog
and Arakan (excluded in approved areas).

Because of steep terrain, most areas are also prone to landslides,

especially when continuous rain and strong earthquakes occur. There is 44% of
the area is classified as high risk area, where active or recent landslides and
tension cracks can be found. Most of this can be located in San Fernando, Kitaotao,
Arakan and Kibawe.

Furthermore, areas near creeks and rivers are mostly prone to flooding.
There are also 3,996 hectares of ecologically fragile and erodible lands identified
in portions of Brgys Kalapaton, White Kilaman, Kisawa, East Dalurong, West
Dalurong and Kalagangan. Conversion of these lands will cause damage to
mangroves and fish sanctuaries.

Issues and Problems Encountered

One of the main problems is the denudation of land, forest and water
resources. While before, majority of the territories are forested areas, now only
18% can be classified as primary forest areas. This condition can be attributed
largely to the following: extensive commercial logging operations, and pasture land
establishment in the past; continued selling and leasing of land rights to migrants
and settlers; on-going illegal logging activities; slash and burn agriculture practices;
and extreme climate related hazards.

Another problem is inadequate capacity and resources to transform vast

idle lands (grasslands and brushlands) into productive areas. Presently, production
areas only comprise 18% of the territory and mostly planted with corn. If this
scenario continues, it will affect the well-being of the succeeding generations since

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 they will have less economic resources and they will be more vulnerable to natural
disasters.

Goal Achievement

Based on the review of ADSDPP goals, majority of leaders expressed their

highest goal achievement on leadership and governance and preservation of
culture. Meanwhile, the lowest achievements were on land and environmental
protection, peace and security, and livelihood development.

Project Implementation Status

As regards to the implementation of ADSDPP investment plan, many

projects related to health, land, environment, and education have been carried out
in the past years. However, only a few projects were undertaken on the livelihood
development and peace building.

Hindering and Constraining Factors in ADSDPP Implementation

Based the assessment, the critical factors for the implementation of the
ADSDPP are the following: 1.) the awareness and participation of the people; 2.)
the capacity of the leaders and organizations to protect, manage, and develop the
ancestral domain and communities; 3.) continuing support from government and
non-government organizations; and 4.) conducive and peaceful environment for
sustainable development. The following are the hindering and facilitating factors in
the implementation of ADSDPP in the past 12 years:

Table 3.36:
List of Hindering and Facilitating Factors in the Implementation of ADSDPP for the Past 12 Years

Hindering Factors Facilitating Factors

 Inadequate education, knowledge  Availability of CADT and ADSDPP as
and skills, as well as inappropriate instruments for recognition of rights to
attitude of the community leaders and ancestral domain and self-
members governance.
 Misunderstanding among IP leaders  Availability of forest and water bodies
and IPOs in the management of as sources of food and livelihood.
ancestral domain.  Cooperation and active participation
 Inadequate capital and resources for of our leaders and communities.
ADSDPP implementation due to  Presence of respected traditional
inadequate income and livelihood. leaders with capacity to negotiate and
 Remoteness and inaccessibility of IP resolve conflicts and problems based
communities. on our customary laws.
 Illegal and unsustainable  Presence of our IP organization that
development activities (mining, can facilitate collective decision
logging, quarrying and chemical making and mobilization of the
farming) people, as well as linkages with other
 Selling and leasing of lands within the agencies and organizations
ancestral domain to migrants and  Education, training and information
other entities. drive conducted by NGOs, LGU and
 Inadequate financial, technical and others for the community leaders and
manpower support from LGUs and members.
other government agencies.  Financial, technical, material support
from several LGUs, government

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  Inadequate enforcement and respect agencies and other support groups
of customary laws, organizational for education, health, nutrition,
policies and national laws on livelihood, environmental
ancestral domain and IP rights. conservation, infrastructure, and
 Territorial boundary conflicts with legal services.
other tribes (Ubo-Manobo AD claim)  Continuing peace talks between
 Entry of investors, companies and government and rebel forces.
institutions (eg. Resorts, rest house,
churches, plantations, livestock
production) without FPIC.
 Cultural influences of non-IP and
mainstream institutions and culture

B. Enhanced Development Framework

Vision-Mission Statement

The Matigsalug-Manobo Tribe within CADT No. R10 KIT-0703-0011

envision the following:

1. A free and self-determined government, as a tribal municipality under the

united and respected leaders especially to the indigenous tribal
communities who are being heard, consulted and served;
2. A living culture, which is faithfully adhered to and passed on to the future
generations;
3. Lasting peace and justice to the tribe through respect and adherence to the
Gantangan, Palavian, Kukuman and customary laws;
4. Delivery of basic services, i.e., education for children, roads and bridges,
health facilities, services and medicines, livelihood and others;
5. Utilization of natural resources in ancestral domain for the empowerment of
Indigenous Cultural Communities and future generations towards
sustainable development; and
6. Respect of the migrants to culture, and unity with the local and national
governments in the administration of the communities.

C. Goals

a. Identify and implement ecologically balanced resource use within the

ancestral domain, and a sound environmental protection system, within the
policy framework embodied in RA 8371
b. Strengthen indigenous council leaderships in the different sitio and
barangays and the indigenous peoples organization within the Matigsalug-
Manobo ancestral domain.
c. Meaningfully participate in the decision-making process for the sustainable
management and development, including in the determination and
prioritization of programs, projects, and policies for development and
protection of the ancestral domain.
d. Strengthen and promote the Federation of matigsalug-Manobo Tribal
Councils (FEMMATRICs), Inc. as Indigenous Peoples Organization to
facilitate collective endeavors.
e. Effectively deal with interested entity/ies who want to enter into business
with the tribe involving the ancestral domain, i.e., utilization, extraction,

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 harvesting, development or exploitation of any natural resources following
the policies of the Matigsalug-Manobo tribe and the guidelines set by
concerned agencies in securing Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC).
f. Uplift the socio-economic conditions through livelihood/ entrepreneur
programs/ projects in the ancestral domain.
g. Deliver basic social services through enhanced linkages with other Peoples
Organizations (Pos), non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Local
Government Units (LGUs) and National Government Agencies (NGAs).
h. Increase the level of functional literacy and education among children and
adults.
i. Strengthen, promote and preserve culture, traditions and indigenous
knowledge systems and practices.
j. Conserve, rehabilitate and protect the environment and natural resources
within the ancestral domain.

D. Objectives:

Sustainable Peace

a. To prevent and reduce armed encounter between the military and NPAs
within the ancestral domain.
b. To reorganize “Pahalad” or tribal security in order to protect the communities
and enforce the customary laws and policies.
c. To settle boundary conflicts among clans and other tribes
d. To eliminate all kinds of illegal activities within the CADT

Promotion of Culture

a. To document and publish the culture of the tribe so that this can be read
and lived out by succeeding generations.
b. To continue teaching of culture by establishment of school of living tradition.
c. To preserve cultural instruments by establishing a Tribal Museum.
d. To improve and promote the products of the tribe by putting up “Baley Ne
Himuwanan” and Tribal Display Center.

IP Education

a. To ensure the implementation of IP Education Curriculum in Schools based

on culture and situation of the tribe.
b. To improve the school facilities in remote areas with electric connection and
concrete road.
c. To ensure that IP teachers are given priority to teach in schools within the
ancestral domain system.
d. To ensure the continuing education of out-of-school youth through
Alternative Learning System.
e. To get assistance for scholarship of deserving college students in order to
increase the number of professionals among tribe.

Health and Wellness

a. To encourage families to plant vegetable and herbal plants in their

background to ensure adequate and sustainable supply of food and herbal
medicines.

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 b. To increase skills of the families especially the mothers, to make herbal
medicine so they will not anymore buy expensive medicines to treat their
sickness.
c. To increase the number of IP midwifery and nursing students who can avail
scholarship and pass the board exams.
d. To increase access of communities to potable water system
e. To strengthen the cooperation among “Manguyamo” (tribal healers),
midwives, nurses, and doctors in promoting health and wellness.

E. Ancestral Domain Map Validation Report

Background

The ADF, in partnership with PAFID and FEMMATRICS, conducted a validation

workshop of the thematic maps of Matigsalug-Manobo CADT in MLCA Training Center,
Sinuda, Kitaotao last March 15-16, 2018. This was attended by 35 IP leaders from 5
Municipalities and 1 City District covered by the FEMMATRICS’ ancestral domain. A
representative from NCIP Provincial Office in Malaybalay, Bukidnon also joined the group.

After the workshop, a ground validation survey was conducted on selected

ancestral domain boundary monuments, particularly in Overview, Pontian, Katipunan,
Balite and Namnam. The survey team included representatives from ADF, PAFID and
FEMMATRICS.

Findings and Observations

The following are the highlights of the findings and observations during the
validation workshop and ground survey:

1. Based on the testimonies of the IP leaders during 3D mapping process, the

traditional ancestral domain claim of FEMMATRICS comprises a total land area of
approximately 136,336,469 hectares. It covers a total of 35 barangays and 16
barangay portions in 5 Municipalities and 1 City District.

2. The NCIP approved total land area of the CADT, on the other hand, is only
102,324.82 hectares as indicated in the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
(CADT R10-KIT-0703-0011). Although the Title shows that the CADT covers 28
barangays and 16 barangay portions, the digitized CADT map, which was
generated based on NCIP CADT technical description, appears to exclude the
following areas: portions of Brgy. Sanipon and Kisawa, Municipality of Kibawe;
portions of Brgy. Marilog and Brgy Gumitan, Marilog District and Brgy. Malabog,
Paquibato District, Davao; portions of Bulalang and Dao, Municipality of San
Fernando; Brgy Binoongan, Brgy. Napaliko, portion of Katipunan and Datu
Ludayon, Municipality of Arakan; portions of Salaysay, Kawayan, and Lipa,
Municipality of Quezon. The observed exclusion of some of the traditional
territories of the FEMMATRICS was confirmed by the testimonies of some of the
elders during the map validation workshop and during the ground validation survey
of selected CADT boundary monuments.

3. For Marilog side, Datu Benito Paundag of Barangay Balite pointed out that the
boundary points in the digitized map resemble the locastion of the NCIP boundary
monuments in Marilog area. He himself admitted that the NCIP approved CADT
boundary did not include Brgy. Balite because of the opposition of some IP leaders
in Marilog. His statement was corroborated by the ground validation findings. Out

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 of 5 monuments visited by the team, 4 were labelled “NCIP AD 10”; while the one
in Balite was labelled “Balite BAL 1987” (Please refer to attached picture and GPS
coordinates of the surveyed monuments.) this finding indeed showed that the Balite
marker was not part of NCIP established CADT monument, and therefore not
included in the CADT approved boundary.

4. For Kibawe side, Datu Ganes Mantagiman of Barangay Pinamula manifested that
his barangay was not included in the Matigsalug-Manobo CADT. He discovered
this through an NCIP memorandum, which indicated that the NGCP Towers
supposedly located with his barangay, are outside of the FEMMATRICS CADT
based on NCIP GPS survey. Said memorandum was issued by NCIP in response
to his queries if the NGCP towers in his barangay, are included in the CADT of
FEMMATRICS.

5. For San Fernando side, Datu Jose Dia-on of Barangay Sinuda who accompanied
the NCIP team during the CADT delineation survey, claimed that the boundary
monument was established in portion of Barangay Dao, Barangay Cabulling and
Barangay Durian, but not in Barangay Santo Domingo and Barangay Kalagangan
as previously claimed by some IP leaders from San Fernando. Although the latter
were part of the traditional AD boundary, thesevwere not included in the delineation
survey because of the opposition of the political leaders in said areas at that time.

6. For Kitaotao side, Datu Jose Dia-on likewise pointed out that two NCIP boundary
monuments were established in Pontian and Overview as shown in the digitized
map. Said boundary monuments were located during the ground validation survey
in the position identified in the digitized map based on the GPS reading of their
coordinates.

7. Certain areas in the CADT are vulnerable to landslides, earthquake and flooding.
This can be made worst if the mining operation of Brixton Investment Corporation
in Brgy. Kiplas and Lorega will push through.

8. Most provisions of the existing AD management policies and mechanisms have

been affirmed by the IP leaders, however there were suggestions to review the
document in view of the plan to strengthen the IPs and the creation of IPOs in every
municipality covered by CADT. Specifically, there is a need to clarify the
management arrangement and resource sharing among IPOs and FEMMATRICS.

Recommendations

1. Request NCIP to conduct ground survey in other areas covered by CADT to

confirm the position of the boundary monuments, especially in San Fernando,
Marilog, Quezon areas.
2. Make NCIP CADT as indicative base map for current and future land use map as
well as ADSDPP updating.
3. Review ADSDPP policies and implementing mechanism in view of the plan to
strengthen the IPs as highest governing body and the creation of IPOs in the
covered municipalities.
4. Make a CCA-DRR plans in areas prone to natural disasters and climate related
risks.

Note: This Report is prepared by FEMMATRICS as of July 30, 2018 with assistance from
ADF, PAFID and NCIP

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 3

SOCIAL
SECTOR

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3. SOCIAL SECTOR

3.1 MAJOR SECTOR GOAL

Enhance, promote and sustain quality services on peace and order,

welfare, shelter, health, education, and skills development, thereby creating an
economically sufficient, peaceful and harmonious society.

3.2 MAJOR SECTOR SWOT MATRIX

SOCIAL SECTOR STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

 Housing 1. Harmonious relationship of 1. Lack of public school

 Health Government Organizations teachers, social
 Education (GO) and Non-government workers and health
 Protective Services Organizations (NGOs) workers.
 Sports and 2. Available area for housing 2. Non-resident school
Recreation program teachers.
 Social Welfare 3. Available basic health and 3. Untitled school sites,
educational services health centers and day
4. Competent social services care centers.
personnel 4. Increasing number of
5. Available (technical skilled) underweight children.
manpower 5. Unavailability of
6. Presence of well-disciplined firefighting facilities.
employees. 6. Non-implementation of
7. Responsive clients health/sanitation
8. Increasing member of ordinances.
professionals
9. Existing laws and ordinances
to improve social services
10. Available financial
resources for programs and
project.

OPPORTUNITIES SO STRATEGIES WO STRATEGIES

1. On-going development 1. Coordinate with line agencies 1. Promote comprehensive

programs (SRA CIDSS) on the provision of livelihood municipal nutrition
2. National program on projects. program.
socialized housing. 2. Provide Benchmarking 2. Construct Day Care
3. Opening of San programs. Centers, school building
Fernando to Davao del 3. Lobby legislative support for and health centers.
Norte road. housing projects 3. Improve school facilities.
4. National Law on the implementation. 4. Hire professionals
creation of Disaster 4. Organize Disaster (teachers and health
Coordinating Council Coordinating Council. workers).
5. Presence of NGOs of 5. Tap youth organization for the
their programs. implementation of
6. Responsive clients. development programs and
7. Increasing member of projects.
professionals. 6. Enhance NC operation to
encourage and support
entrepreneurs.

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THREATS ST STRATEGIES WT STRATEGIES

1. Increasing member of 1. Intensify Information and 1. Intensify educational

migrants. Education Campaign on activities for indigenous
2. Rise on morbidity cases. different government people.
3. Natural and man-made programs. 2. Intensify Information and
calamities 2. Intensify the implementation of Education Campaign on
4. Land squatting problems localization programs. preventive health care.
within school sites. 3. Legislate laws and ordinances 3. Provide relocation sites
5. Increasing rates of to address problems on land for informal settlers
school drop-outs. squatting and armed threats. within school sites,
6. Presence of armed 4. Coordinate with line agencies health centers and day
threats in some areas. (like DOH, PNPs) to address care centers.
7. Less response of tribal recurring issues.
groups to some services
programs.

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3.3 SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR STUDIES

3.3.1 HOUSING

A. Situational Analysis

The provision of affordable and decent shelter is among the basic needs of man
which provides protection, comfort and rest to people, a place where a family can live
together. Housing is a structure where people are dwelling with the corresponding direct
environment, infrastructure and services that support human activities.

Considering the last three censal years as shown in Table 3.37, the housing
situation is obviously in uptrend condition due to increase in household population,
emergence of OFW and high income earner families through business or employment,
implementation of government residential subdivisions and conversion of agricultural land
to residential lot areas.

It is noted that for the last three censal years, households who do not occupy
housing units increased from 61 households in year 2000 to 153 counts after 10 years.
Usually, these households are identified as informal settlers who illegally find shelters from
public lands, private areas or even in dilapidated establishments, residents from hazard
prone areas and rebel returnees involved in war conflicts who are usually indigenous
people of San Fernando.

Fortunately, the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) and the Urban
Development and Housing Act of 1992 (RA 7279) mandated the local government units to
implement programs and projects on low cost housing and other socialized dwellings
specially for the unprivileged and homeless families. In year 2015, the number of
household without housing unit decreased to 82 counts.

Paglaum Village at Barangay Little Baguio, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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Table 3.37
Housing Situation for the Last 3 Censal Years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2000, 2010, 2015

2000 2010 2015

Housing Situation Number Number % Number % Increase
Increase
Total HH 8,112 10,339 27.45 12,394 19.88
Total HH Population 40,165 50,150 24.86 55,981 10.06
Total HU
Occupied HU 8,051 10,186 26.52 12,312 20.87
Vacant HU - - - - -
Ratio of HH to Occupied HU 1:1.01 1:1 - 1:101 -
Ratio of HH Population to Occupied HU 1:4.99 1:4.9 1:4.55
HH w/o HU 61 153 - 82 -
Legend:HH – Household
HU – Housing Unit
Source:PSA,Census 2000, 2010 and 2015 Population and Housing

Considering the number of population of the municipality which counted to 56,138

headcounts during the Census 2015 as shown in Table 3.38, including the number of
households recorded to 12,394 counts, the household size is computed which resulted to
an average of 4.55 members per household. This assumption is used to get the number
of household per barangay. Barangay Halapitan, the town center of the municipality, and
the most populated area had 2,256 number of household while the least number of
household is Barangay Bulalang with only 148 counts.

Table 3.38
Number of Household by Barangay
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Barangay Population Number of Household

1. Bonacao 1,989 439
2. Bulalang 669 148
3. Cabuling 836 185
4. Cayaga 910 201
5. Candelaria 1,292 285
6. Dao 1,989 439
7. Durian 970 214
8. Halapitan 10,221 2,256
9. Iglugsad 1,622 358
10. Kalagangan 5,569 1,230
11. Kawayan 1,778 393
12. Kibongcog 1,935 427
13. Little Baguio 4,862 1,073
14. Mabuhay 3,083 681
15. Magkalungay 2,533 559
16. Malayanan 1,246 275
17. Matupe 2,121 468
18. Nacabuklad 1,250 276
19. Namnam 3,807 840
20. Palacpacan 1,412 312
21. Sacramento Valley 1,870 413
22. San Jose 973 215
23. Sto. Domingo 1,529 338
24. Tugop 1,672 369
Total 56,138 12,394
Source: MPDO

In table 3.39, it is recorded that out of 56,138 number of population, 55,981 counts
are considered in the total number of household population, the remaining 157 individuals
are belong to institutional household population who were residents from boarding houses,
convents, staff houses, nurse and doctors’ quarters, military camps and construction

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camps. They were those who had families in other cities or municipalities but stayed in
San Fernando for work, business, interventions and others.

Table 3.39
Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Building
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Ratio
HH to HH Population
Occupied HH occupied to occupied
Type of Building Housing HH Population Housing Housing Unit
Units Unit
Single House 11,662 11,740 53,437 1.01 4.58
Duplex 420 422 1,662 1.00 3.96
Multi-unit Residential 179 181 686 1.01 3.83
Commercial/ Industrial/ Agricultural
17 17 62 1.00 3.65
Not Reported 34 34 134 1.00 3.94
Total 12,312 12,394 55,981 1.01 4.55
Source PSA, POPCEN 2015
Legend: HH- Household

Usually, the type of building occupied by the household in the municipality are
single houses which recorded to 11,662 units out of 12,312 number of different type of
buildings. Based on the total household population and total occupied housing unit, the
average family size is 4.55.
The ideal standard of shelter need is one housing unit for each household.
Additional housing needs maybe due to backlog resulting from doubled-up household,
formation of new households due to an increase in population growth, and/ or the
upgrading of existing housing units with problems on tenure and structural status.

Out of 12,312 occupied housing units, majority of it are made of wood or semi-
permanent/mixed materials which accounted to 7,896 or 64.13% as shown in Table 3.40.
These are found mostly in rural areas which occupied by low income groups.

On the other hand, housing units made of concrete or permanent materials are
usually constructed in urban and urbanizing areas wherein most of the occupants are high
income earners like business owners, private and government employees and
professionals. Few are found in rural areas which are occupied by OFWs and farm owners.
The rest are made of light materials which are mostly occupied by indigenous people. The
high cost of building materials contributed to the disparity.

With an increasing population each year with more households needed shelter for
their family, the affordability among the populace poses a display among the low income
group in the construction of new houses.

Majority of the tenure status of the housing unit and lot for the last three censal
years are owned or being amortized. Out of the total of 8,112 households recorded in 2010
shown in Table 3.41, there are 5,633 households are either the owner of the lot or the lot
is being amortized to them where their houses are constructed. After 10 years the number
increased to 36.59% or total of 7,694 owned units and lot being amortized but in year 2015,
it decreased to 6,884 or a negative percentage of (-10.53%).

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Table 3.40
Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Wall and Roof
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Construction Materials of the Roof

Construction Materials Total Half Bamboo/ Makeshift Trapals
of the Outer Walls Occupied Galvanized Tile/ Galvanized cogon/ Salvaged/
Housing iron/ Concrete/ Iron and nipa/ Improvised
Units Aluminum Clay Tile Half anahaw materials
Concrete
Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 1,203 1,195 3 3 2 - -
( 9.77%)
Wood 7,896 6,576 10 16 1,156 78 60
(64.13%)
Half Concrete/ Brick/ 1,281 1,248 2 28 3 - -
Stone and half Wood (10.40%)
Galvanized Iron/ 68 66 - 1 1 - -
Aluminum (0.55%)
Bamboo/ Sawali/ Cogon/ 1,670 745 - 1 909 5 10
Nipa (13.56)
Asbestos 14 14 - - - - -
(0.11%)
Glass 4 4 - - - - -
(0.03%)
Makeshift/ Salvaged/ 46 15 - - 22 8 1
Improvised Materials (0.37%)
Trapal 96 36 - - 34 3 23
(0.78%)
Not Reported 34 32 2 - - - -
(0.28%)
TOTAL 12,312 9,931 17 49 2,127 94 94
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

The number of rented dwelling unit and lot is gradually increasing each year.
Households who constructed their own houses in a rented lot and those who rented
houses and lot with and without the consent of owner are recorded in year 2015 which
accounts to 256(2.07%) and 1,366 (11.02%) and 13 (0.10%) respectively out of the total
of 12,394.

Table 3.41
Occupied Housing Units and Lots by Tenure Status for the Last Three Censal Years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2000, 2010, 2015

2000 2010 % 2015 %

Tenure Status of the Housing unit and Lot Number Number Increase Number Increase
Own or being amortized 5,633 7,694 36.59 6,884 (-10.53)
Rented 214 251 17.29 256 1.99
Own house rent lot - - - 189 -
Rent-free lot with consent of owner 1,795 2,218 23.57 3,614 62.94
Rent-free lot without consent of owner 64 89 72
Rent-free house and lot with consent of owner - - - 1,366 -

Rent-free house and lot without consent of owner 13

Not Applicable 1278 87 (-93.19) - -
Not Reported 279 - - - -
Total 8,112 10,339 27.45 12,394 19.88
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

Residential Subdivision

The Municipality of San Fernando had developed four (4) government owned
residential subdivision with socialized and low cost housing units as enumerated in Table
3.42. Due to flashflood that hit the municipality in year 2013, two (2) socialized housing

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areas were allocated to cater the flood victims located at Barangay Little Baguio and
Barangay Iglugsad, implemented a construction of 26 and 16 socialized housing units
respectively started July 2013 and completed on July 2014. The said unit is a single type
residential building with a standard floor area of 25 square meters good for one (1)
household. Socialized housing unit is made of half concrete-half wood walls and
galvanized iron roofing while low cost housing unit is made of amakan and wood walls and
galvanized iron roofing.

This implementation is described as the “PAGLAUM (means Hope) Village

Housing Project” which also prioritized the informal settlers from government owned lands
and people who are identified as rebel returnees. There are additional 50 informal settler
households benefited at Barangay Little Baguio which illegally occupy private owned land
and those families relocated from hazard prone areas like riverside. There were 21 rebel
returnees together with their families granted with socialized housing units at Barangay
Kibongcog which were constructed last August 2013 and completed on April 2014.

Due to development and improving commodities in San Fernando, the Local

Government identified an area for tourism site which caused mostly indigenous people to
relocate because of the proposed Eco-tourism Park in Barangay Halapitan. Funds were
insufficient to grant them a socialized housing unit but the LGU found an option to provide
construction materials and financial assistance. Fifty (50) households were permitted to
construct their own house at identified government l ow-cost housing area located at Sitio
Malantao of Barangay Halapitan. The KALAHI-DSWD also constructed two (2) socialized
housing units at the same location as part of their donations.

Table 3.42
Inventory of Residential Subdivisions
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Location Little Baguio, San Iglugsad, San Kibongcog, San Sitio Malantao,
Fernando, Fernando, Fernando, Halapitan, San
Bukidnon Bukidnon Bukidnon Fernando, Bukidnon
Project Description Socialized Housing Socialized Housing Housing and Low Cost Housing and
(PAGLAUM Village (PAGLAUM Village Socialized Housing Socialized Housing
Housing Project) Housing Project) (PAGLAUM Village (PAGLAUM Village
Housing Project) Housing Project)
Area Occupied 3.80 hectare 0.50 hectare 2.0 hectare 1.2 hectare
Type of Building Single House Single House Single House Single House
No. of Units 66 26 21 50 – Low Cost Housing
2 – Socialized Housing
Floor Area (sq.m) 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 50 – varies
2 – 25 sqm
Construction Galvanized iron/ Galvanized iron/ Galvanized iron/ Galvanized iron/
materials of the ALuminum ALuminum ALuminum ALuminum
Roof
Construction Half Concrete, Half Half Concrete, Half Half Concrete, Half 50 – wood, amakan
Materials of the Wood Wood Wood 2 – half concrete, half
outer walls wood
Agency involved Provincial Provincial PAMANA DILG/ LGU DSWD/ KALAHI/ LGU
Government/ LGU Government/ LGU
Funding Source Provincial Fund/ Provincial Fund/ DILG PAMANA DSWD/KALAHI/ LGU
LGU LGU
Tenure Status Rented and rent to Rent-free Rent-free Rent-free
own
Period of July 2013 – July 2013 – July August 2013 – April 2013
Implementation December 2018 2014 2014
Beneficiaries Informal Settlers Flood Victims Rebel Returnees Informal Settlers from
government owned land
(tourism site) and hazard
prone areas
Source: Municipal Engineer’s Office (MEO)

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 Considering the growth of population in the coming years and intervening the
existing of homeless households, there is a potential land for expansion of the government
socialized housing project at Sitio Colon of Barangay Halapitan of about three hectares.
There is also a proposal from a private land developer of a residential subdivision at
Barangay Mabuhay.

B. Goal

Provide decent and healthy living environment.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Presence of informal - Population growth - Poor health and sanitation
settlers in public and - Rural-urban migration - Congested, unhygienic
private lands and along - Lack of affordable and crowded houses
hazard/flood prone housing - Prone to disasters
area. - Lack of tenure - Inaccessible to basic
- Poverty services like water, food,
- Inadequate basic sanitation, sewerage, and
services garbage collection.
- No security of tenure
- Lives of resident at risk
2. Presence of - Discrimination - War/ conflicts
insurgencies. - Low income - Displacement of
generating jobs population
- Lack of livelihood of -
indigenous people -
who frequently suffer -
the clutches of poverty
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Political alienation
- Land use and Property
Rights
- Desire of equality
- Dissatisfaction
- Discontentment
3. High cost of residential - Accessibility to - No housing program
lot and available economic activities or socialized housing
socialized housing site. - Scarcity can be implemented
- Present and future - Insufficient fund
land use - Low cost of housing
- Future site but
development inaccessibility of
potential basic needs/facilities
- - Unproductive
activities and
unavailability of
livelihood
opportunities

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D. Problems, Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Increase of -To provide -Prioritized those in -Resolution
informal settlers additional housing danger areas and Ordinance
in public and units in a strategic identify and acquire
private lands and locations land for relocation
along
hazard/flood
prone area.
2. Presence of -To provide -Funding allocation -Resolution
insurgencies. socialized housing and Ordinance
and livelihood tapping/linkages to (Socialized
opportunities to NGO and private Housing)
improve living owners
condition.
3. High cost of -Identify adequate -Confer with land
residential lot and and suitable lands owners
available for housing or
socialized residential areas
housing site.

E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Provide decent and healthy living environment.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population.  Existing social services
 Population by ethnic and housing facilities.
groups.  Location/ distribution of
 Number of household. social services and
facilities.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Improved living  Additional housing
conditions. facilities in strategic
 Better livelihood locations.
opportunities.  Productive activities and
livelihood program.

Ensure healthy condition.

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3.3.2 HEALTH

A. Situational Analysis

Rural Health Unit (RHU)

There are 23 barangay health stations in different barangays of San Fernando, the
main Rural Health unit is currently utilized by Brgy. Halapitan as their health station. For
GIDA areas, 5 Health Nutrition Post are strategically constructed and established in
remote areas in Sitio Elian, Purok 10, and Sitio Nala of Brgy. Halapitan, Sitio Mahayag,
Sacramento Valley, Sitio Mauswagon, Little Baguio and Sitio Malambago,
Magkalungay. These facilities will cater to all health needs of the constituents in these
places while providing them with privacy and confidentiality during consultation and PNC
visits.

Main Rural Health Unit RHU Birthing Home

PhilHealth Accredited TB DOT DOH Licensed

MANPOWER RESOURCES Primary Clinical Laboratory
RHU Personnel
Source: Municipal Health Office (MHO)

The Rural Health Unit of San Fernando is compose of different skilled personnel
(see Table 3.43) who actively rendered full time services to the community supervised by
a Physician and at the same time designated as the Municipal Health Officer of the
municipality.

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Table 3.43
List of RHU Personnel
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Designation No. of
Personnel
Physician 1
LGU/Nurses (PHN & RB) 2
Rural Health Midwife 22
Medical Technologist/ HRH 1
Rural Sanitation Inspector 1
Drivers 2
Institutional Workers 5
Administrative Officer/ Clerk 1
Assistant Clerk 1
Laboratory Aide 1
Pharmacy Aide 1
Encoders (Information Technology) 2
Barangay Health Workers 278
Barangay Auxilliary Sanitation Inspector 24
HRH-NDP & RHMPPS 18
Total 360
Source: MHO

Health Finance

Every year, the Local Government Unit Health Budget is increasing due to
increasing budget acquisition to briefly provide the services that the community needs as
shown in Table 3.44 parted to two budget provision namely the personnel services and
maintenance operation and operating expenses (MOOE). In 2018 the budget increased to
11.73% which is lower than the past 2 years, (year 2017 increased by 16.20% and year
2016 increased by 19.64%).

Table 3.44
Health Financing Comparison (LGU Budget for Health)
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015-2018

PERSONNEL
YEAR TOTAL LGU BUDGET Increase/ MOOE
SERVICES
Decrease
2015 147,258,396.00 - 10,208,193.00 3,407,548.00
2016 176,179,430.00 19.64% 9,656,487.00 3,407,548.00
2017 204,709,509.00 16.20% 14,191,684.00 3,528,780.00
2018 228,716,674.00 11.73% 14,423,410.00 5 ,338,013.00
Source: MHO

General Health Status

Vital Health Statistics

The health and growth of the municipality of San Fernando is being regularly
studied as part of the health documentation of the community. The vital health statistics is
being recorded annually that can be used in health and family planning programmes of the
government. It also an important study with the corresponding causes of deaths and the
mortality rates of different categories to help in assessing the health condition of the
people. As shown in Table 3.45, the Vital Health Statistics enumerates that for the last four
(4) years, the highest ratio of 22 live births per 1000 population was on year 2015 but has
the lowest number of deaths of 91 or a ratio of almost two (2) deaths per 1000 population.
The lowest number of live births was recorded on year 2018 with a ratio of 14 births per

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1000 population but the ratio of 2 deaths per 1000 population remain the same for the last
3 years.

Table 3.45
Vital Health Statistics
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Year 2015 to 2018

2015 2016 2017 2018

Description Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Population 56,138 56,803 58,390 59,837
Births 1,230 21.9 1,163 20.47 1,001 17.14 877 14.66
Deaths 91 1.62 121 2.13 120 2.06 123 2.06
Infant Deaths 2 1.63 6 5.16 2 2.0 8 9.12
Deaths (under 5y/o) 5 4.07 8 6.88 7 6.99 17 19.38
Maternal Deaths 4 3.25 3 2.58 2 2.0 4 4.56
Fetal Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4.56
Source: MHO

Crude Birth Rate and Infant Mortality Rate

In 2018, data shown in Table 3.46 reflects that the total live births in the locality
was 877, with a crude birth rate of 14.66%. A decrease of 2.48% was seen from the
previous year 2017 rate of 17.14%.Figure 3.77 shows the decreasing formation of birth
rate. This status was ascribed by varied factors including the effective dissemination of
information regarding on awareness of importance in family planning through mother’s
class program and family counselling.

Table 3.46
Crude Birth Rate
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

CRUDE BIRTH RATE

Year Live Birth Percentage
2016 1,163 20.47%
2017 1001 17.14%
2018 877 14.66%
Source: MHO

Figure 3.77: Crude Birth Rate

1,163
1001
887

2016
2017
2018
Source: MHO

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.Table 3.47
Infant Mortality Rate
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

Year Deaths Percentage
2016 6 5.16%
2017 2 2.0%
2018 8 9.12%
Source: MHO

Figure 3.78: Infant Mortality Rate

6 8
2

2016
2017
2018

Source: MHO

The data of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), shown in Table 3.47, in year 2018
increased steeply by a difference of 7.12% from the last year 2017 IMR reflecting a ratio
of 8 and 2 deaths per 1000 births respectively as reflected in Figure 3.78.
.
Many factors can contribute to these disparities; include overall health of the
mother with access to prenatal care, and also the rate of immunization in the community.

Infant Mortality is defined as the death of children under the age of 1 year old.
Table 3.48 shows that in year 2017, only Sepsis caused the infant mortality rate dropped
to 2 cases but in year 2018, the most common cause of infant mortality rate increase
were Pneumonia followed by Hypoxemia and Congenital Heart Disease. This caused the
rate to come up to 9.12% or 9 deaths per 1000 births.

Table 3.48
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2017-2018

2016 LIVE 2017 LIVE BIRTHS= 2018 LIVE BIRTHS= 877

CAUSES BIRTHS = 1,163 1,001
NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE
1. Pneumonia 2 1.72 0 0 4 4.56
2. Sepsis 2 1.72 2 2.0 0 0
3. Malnutrition 1 0.86 0 0 0 0
4. Kernicterus 1 0.86 0 0 0 0
5. Hypoxemia 0 0 0 0 2 2.28
6. Congenital Heart Disease 0 0 0 0 2 2.28
TOTAL 6 5.16% 2 2.0% 8 9.12%
Source: MHO

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Maternal Death

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Maternal Death is defined as

the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy from any cause related to or
aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental
causes.

In the Philippines, the lifetime risk of maternal death is rated 1 in 140. Around 11
Filipino mothers die every day or an estimated population of 4,500 every year due to
severe haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, sepsis and problems related to obstructed
labor and abortion. The Philippines is among 68 countries which contribute to 97% of
maternal, neonatal and child health death worldwide. About half of the deaths of Filipino
children under five happen in the first 28 days of life.

Sources of data that were used for the comparison of Year 2016 to Year 2018
Maternal and Infant Mortality are based from San Fernando Municipal Health Office Vital
Health Statistics and the Municipal’s Local Civil Registration Office. Data’s were compared
using the Live Births of Year 2016 is 1163, Year 2017 is 1001 and 2018 is 877.

Based on the data gathered there is a significant decrease as shown in Table 3.49
when comparing Maternal Deaths of 2016 and 2017 , but during 2018 it went up again to
4 maternal deaths per 1000 births.

In San Fernando, there are two leading causes of maternal death, pre eclampsia
and haemorrhage. Table 3.50 shows that most number of deaths was in year 2018 with 2
deaths each causes.

Table 3.49
Comparison of Maternal and Infant Deaths
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

YEAR MATERNAL DEATHS INFANT DEATHS

NUMBER RATE 1 NUMBER RATE 2
2016 3 2.58 6 5.16
2017 2 2.0 2 2.0
2018 4 4.56 8 9.12
Source: MHO

Table 3.50
Two (2) Leading Causes of Maternal Death
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

2016 LIVE BIRTHS= 2017 LIVE BIRTHS= 2018 LIVE BIRTHS-877

CAUSES 1163 1001
NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE
1. Pre Eclampsia 2 1.72 1 1.0 2 2.28
2. Hemorrhage 1 0.86 1 1.0 2 2.28
TOTAL 3 2.58% 2 2.0% 4 4.56
Source: MHO

Prevention of maternal death is to have easy access to antenatal care pregnancy,

skilled maternal care during childbirth, and essential newborn care after child birth and
additional support in post-partum period. Increasing the coverage of births supervised by
skilled health professionals, especially by physicians, nurses or midwives, as well as

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providing essential lifesaving care for mother and newborn before, during or after birth in
emergency obstetric care facilities which is crucial. Infant Mortality can be reduced by
ensuring that pregnant women have access to and receive adequate prenatal care, reduce
the number of teen pregnancies and increase the number of mothers that breastfeed
their infants.

Saving the lives of mothers and their newborns requires more than just medical
intervention. Educating girls is pivotal in improving maternal and neonatal health and also
benefits families and societies.

Ante Natal Care

Pre natal or Ante Natal services is essential for the optimum health of both mother
and child. During the entire period of conception until delivery of the newborn, every
pregnant woman has to undergone several check and laboratory examination needed to
monitor both the woman and the growing child. Tetanus immunization is provided in order
to prevent Tetanus infection during delivery especially if delivery is aseptically done
elsewhere outside health facilities. Pregnant women are also given Iron/Folic acid
supplementation to prevent Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy and also to improve
mental and neural development of the embryo.

As shown in Table 3.51, in 2016, 70% of women had quality prenatal care while
only 65.33% in 2017 and it continues to its downward trend reaching to 57.13% in 2018.
Besides the fact that we still have more or less 40% of non FBD (home deliveries), the
decrease in number of women who availed of quality prenatal care is probably due to
undesirable weather conditions and due to insurgency issues mostly in GIDA zones.

Table 3.51
Number of Women Avail the Prenatal Care
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

Year Live Births Mothers Rate

2016 1,163 814 70%

2017 1,001 654 65.33%

2018 877 501 57.13%
Source: MHO

The MHO health services providers, together with the barangay officials are
making all necessary means to increase awareness on safe motherhood program and are
conducting outreach activities so as to address all of maternal health issues, hence
improving the quality of pregnancy and its outcome. While pregnancy tracking has been
implemented, teen pregnancies is a problem since most of these teen moms only divulge
their secret in the later age of gestation since they can’t anymore hide their bulging
abdomen.

Post Natal Care

Post-partum care reflected in Table 3.52 has tremendously decreased from

82.29% in 2016 down to 74.63% in 2017 and totally dropped to 71.04% in 2018. This is

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related to the number also of deliveries not done in health facilities and poor health seeking
behaviour of our clients and the community.

Table 3.52
Number of Women Avail Post-Partum Care
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

Year Live Births Women Rate

2016 1,163 957 82.29%
2017 1,001 747 74.63%
2018 877 623 71.04%
Source: MHO

Child Death

The child mortality rate (CMR) in 2018 has significantly increased by 7.99% from
5.83% per 1000 livebirth in 2017 to 13.82%. A slightly increase in the total number of
livebirths weighing 2500 grams and above which is 99.63% out of 1,000 livebirths in 2018
and 98.80% in 2017 and decrease in the total number of livebirths weighing less than 2500
grams in 2017 which is 0.37% in 2018 and 1.20% in 2017 (see Table 3.53).

Table 3.53
Comparison Between Livebirths and Child Mortality Rate
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

LIVEBIRTHS CHILD MORTALITY RATE

Year TABLE 1
2500 g and above Below 2500 g No. of Deaths Rate
2016 98.45% 1.55% 8 6.61%
2017 98.80% 1.20% 7 5.83%
2018 99.63% 0.37% 17 13.82%
Source: MHO

The top cause of death among children with age 1- 4 years old in 2018 is severe
electrolyte imbalance due to dehydration while in 2017 the top cause of child mortality is
pneumonia followed by injury acquired in motor vehicular accidents. Inadequate
knowledge and attitude of some parents when to seek early consultation and access to
health facility is the major reason that attributed to the above-mentioned causes of child
deaths. The high incidence of pneumonia could indicate prevalence of malnutrition among
the youngest age in the society, which hinders the child’s body resistance to fight common
respiratory infections.

Poor environmental sanitation which may lead to contaminated water supply and
polluted air, and the lack of serious concern for immediate intervention, aggravates the
infection and made this young populace at higher risk for loss. Unfortunately, most of
these diseases are preventable and can be improved with timely intervention.

IEC about childcare during Mother’s Class and Pabasa sa Nutrisyon, Family
Development Session (FDS), and bench conference should be emphasized because of
the increased number of deaths among children 1- 4 years old & 11 months. Nevertheless,
it should be continue to be strengthened emphasizing on common childhood diseases,
its prevention and the importance of seeking early consultation to health facilities to
prevent disease progression and to contribute to the improvement of performance that
would eventually speed to the reduction of child morbidity and mortality. Other priority

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strategies and activities to be undertaken are provisions of adequate drugs/medicines,
provisions of Vitamin A supplementation and deworming during Grantisadong Pambata
(GP) activities.

Facility Based Delivery

Home births deliveries by traditional hilots were still evident accounting for 41.4 %
of all live births in San Fernando since 2016 up to 2018. This prevailing situation remained
a challenge for health care workers due to the high risk of both mother and child. The lack
of aseptic technique during birth delivery, coupled with the absence of vital medications
and vaccines, as well as the lack of emergency interventions in the event of unforeseen
fatal complications, will put the mother and child to a greater risk of demise. Moreover,
the on-going establishment of BEmONC facilities will reduce the non-institutionalized birth
deliveries. BEmONC will ensure that the facility has personnel and resources for
emergency care in birth delivery-related cases. This will provide access for pregnant
mothers, particularly from marginalized sectors, to have birth deliveries in a facility that
can assure quality care and services. This effort will greatly reduce home deliveries, and
infant and maternal mortality, as well as decongest normal deliveries in public hospitals
or end-referral facilities.

Figure 3.79: Facility Based Delivery

90%
80%
80%

70%
58.56% 60.23%
57.27%
60%
National Target
50%
2016
40%
2017
30% 2018
20%

10%

0%
National Target 2016 2017 2018
Source: MHO

There is a slight increase of 2.9% among the women who delivered in health
Facilities, from 57.27% in 2017. The there is still a gap of 23-25% in order to attain the
national target of 80%. Added the data from 2016 to 2018 there are 2783 total deliveries
and only 1,631 or 58.60% delivered at the Facilities, while there were 41.4% delivered at
home (see Figure 3.79).

In 2016 the entire MHO family with the extended members of health volunteer
workers and of the indigenous People (IP) community convened through a ritual called
“Panapo” wherein it was attended by IP leaders and “mangunguyamo” from 6 IPMNCHN
Pilot brgys namely Matupe, Durian, Cabuling, Kalagangan, Dao and Bulalang.

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 The main purpose of the ritual is to make a sacred covenant or pact that every
pregnancy should be attended properly so that no life will be wasted either of the mother
or child. Traditional birth attendants were then considered as health partners and must be
allowed to perform traditional interventions but not home deliveries.

Figure 3.80: Skilled Birth Attendant

1200
1074

1000
906
803
800

601 2016
600
478448 2017
441
375 2018
400
285

200
25 50 26 4 3
44
0
TOTAL DEL DOCTOR MIDWIVES TRAINED HILOTS OTHERS

Source: MHO

Data in Figure 3.80 shows the decline of deliveries from 2016 – 2018, 518 of the
803 total deliveries were handled by skilled Professionals, 448 (55.79%) attended by
doctors, 26 (3.23%) by Midwives, 285 (35.49%) by Traditional Birth Attendants, 44 (5.47%)
others.

In totality, the deliveries attended by SBA in 2016 and 2018 was (71.80%) (1,999)
and it did not reach the NOH Target of 90%, as well as in the LGU Score Card with a
description rating of Red.

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

In 2018 the data shown in Table 3.54 and Figure 3.81 that the total CPR was at its
highest with 76.15% much higher compared from 2015-2017. After a thorough Data
Quality Check (DQC) in 2016, RHU San Fernando attained Contraceptive prevalence rate
of 59.36% and gradually increased to 68.93% in the year 2017 and rose significantly again
by 7.12% in 2018.

The National target of 65% contraceptive prevalence rate in 2018, made it under
the green colour coding of the LGU scorecard. This is an exemplary proof of dynamic
collaboration efforts of the different stakeholders, strong political will of our Local
Government Officials and the dynamic work force of Human Resource for Health (HRH)
augmentation from the DOH.

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 Involving the community in all health activities, persistent and consistent health
promotion and IEC in all barangays helped in the enhancement of delivery of FP services
and commodities, hence the increase of our CPR.

Figure 3.81: Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

80.00% 76.15%
72.97%
68.93%
70.00%
59.36%
60.00%

50.00% 2015
40.00% 2016

30.00% 2017
2018
20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
CPR

Source: MHO

Table 3.54
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015-2018

YEAR ELIGIBLE POP CURRENT USER CPR

2015 6,865 5,009 72.97%
2016 7,001 4,156 59.36%
2017 7,094 4,890 68.93%
2018 7197 5480 76.15%
Source: MHO

Caesarean Section Rate

No data shown because we had no hospital to cater cesarian section.

Teen Pregnancy

Teenage Pregnancy is an intended pregnancy during adolescence. It becomes a

growing concern nowadays. Statistical data shown that out of total pregnant in the
municipality they were 21% total teenage pregnant tracked. Figure 3.82 shows that out of
the total there were six or 1% that belong to 10-14 years old and 211 or 20% that comprises
the group of 15-19 years old. The causes and effects of teenage pregnancy is more often
a result of lack of communication between teenagers `and parents and misinformation
about the secondary sexual characteristics of a growing adolescent.

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Figure 3.82: Percentage of Teenage Pregnancy

2017 PERCENTAGE OF TEENAGE

PREGNANCY
10-14, 1%

10-14
15-19
15-19; 20% 20-24
24 ABOVE
24 ABOVE;
57%
20-24; 22%

Source: MHO

The rapid increase in the incidence of teen pregnancy has been closely related
to several factors including parental relationship, per pressure, early alcohol use or intake,
misconception of health and reproductive issues, low self-esteem and mostly in IP
communities, culture and tradition primarily played very important role in the presence of
teen pregnancy.

Fertility Rate

The total fertility rate of the municipality in 2016 was registered at 165.97 for ages
15-49 years old women and was lowered down in the year 2017 with total fertility rate of
141.10 per 1,000 women per year. Data shows that every 1000 women there were 7
children per women, which is higher compared to the national average fertility rate of 3.0
(see Figure 3.83).

Figure 3.83: Fertility Rate

8,000
7,001 7,094
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000 2016
3,000 2017
2,000
1,162 1,001
1,000
165.97141.10
0
WRA TOTAL LIVE BIRTHS TOTAL FERTILITY
RATE
Source: MHO

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Philippine Disease Surveillance and Response

Philippine Disease Surveillance is a known disease surveillance system that is

used and established for data collection and reporting procedures for numerous health
programs. Effective disease control relies on the functional disease surveillance system.
This surveillance system is used for monitoring, evaluation and improvement of disease
prevention and control programs. From the system, we can generate data that will be
useful to public health officials in understanding the emerging infectious and non-infectious
diseases.

Based on our 2016 (PIDSR) data, there were 214 cases of Typhoid and
Paratyphoid ,183 Chikungunya suspected cases, 76 Measles suspect, 10 reported cases
of bloody diarrhea, and 1 Rabies confirmed case with 3 reports on Acute Effect following
Immunization (high grade fever). In 2017, there were 416 cases of suspected Cholera
cases mostly IP residing in Kapalong part of Davao del Norte, 51 cases of Typhoid and
Paratyphoid, 6 Bloody diarrhea cases, 6 suspected Measles and 4 suspected
Chikungunya cases. Outbreak in 2016 was related to poor personal hygiene and
environmental sanitation practices. Kiti-kiti surveillance as a measure of larval control was
one of the strategy used to prevent mosquito from developing to adulthood.

Cholera outbreak in 2017, was also due to poor environmental practices and poor
safe water supply in indigenous people’s cultural communities residing in boundaries of
Davao and Bukidnon.

In 2018, there were sporadic measles cases in some of the barangays, the said
cases were properly manage and given medical and nursing interventions.

Morbidity and Mortality

Table 3.55 shows the top 10 leading causes of morbidity in the municipality of San
Fernando from the year 2015 – 2018. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) Diarrhea
is still the highest reported cases for four consecutive years accounting to 53 % of all
cases. Followed by Diarrhea and Injury.

Other cases such as Pneumonia, Skin diseases, UTI, Influenza, Hypertension,

Asthma and DM appeared in the table from 2015 – 2018 but just varied in number.

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Table 3.55
Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

2016 2017 2018

NO. OF NO. OF NO. OF
RATE RATE RATE
CASE CASE CASE
Upper
Upper
Respiratory
Upper Respiratory Respiratory
3352 60.18 3,734 56.14 Tract 4,363 52.93
tract Infection (URTI) Tract Infection
Infection
(URTI)
(URTI)

Injury 514 9.22 Diarrhea 1080 9.04 Diarrhea 732 8.88

Diarrhea 463 8.31 Injury 665 7.97 Injury 714 8.86

Urinary
Urinary Tract
Pneumonia 453 8.13 586 7.9 Tract 526 6.38
Infection
Infection
Skin Disease 426 7.65 Pneumonia 493 7.50 Pneumonia 453 5.49

Urinary Tract Skin

252 4.52 Skin Disease 447 4.43 725 8.79
Infection (UTI) Disease

Influenza 146 2.62 Influenza 232 2.48 Influenza 286 3.45

Pulmonary
141 2.53 Hypertension 229 1.35 Parasitism 192 1.78
Tuberculosis (PTB)
Asthma 93 1.67 Asthma 109 1.35 Asthma 147 1.27
Diabetes Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus 77 1.38 62 1.09 105 2.32
Mellitus Mellitus
Source: MHO

Table 3.56
Five-Year Average of 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

10 Leading Causes of Morbidity 2018 5 YEAR AVERAGE

Number Rate Number Rate
1.Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI 4363 52.93% 17,276 53.29 %
2.Diarrhea 732 8.88 % 3055 47.21 %
3.Skin Disease 725 8.79 % 2404 37.15 %
4.Injury(all forms) 714 8.66 % 2935 45.35 %
5.Urinary Tract Infection 526 6.38 % 1949 30.11 %
6.Pneumonia 453 5.49 % 2353 36.36 %
7.Influenza 285 3.45 % 1016 15.70 %
8.Parasitism 192 2.32 % 175 2.70 %
9.Asthma 147 1.78 % 436 6.73 %
10.Diabetes Mellitus 105 1.27 % 124 9.82 %
Source: MHO

The findings in the Table 3.56 indicate that progress has been steady but slow for
many of the priority health issues. The leading causes of morbidity are declining in some
cases but in some cases it is increasing. This highlight important health concerns and area
in which more effort is needed. By tracking progress, public health officials, can better
identify areas for improvement and programs to improve health and quality of life

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Table 3.57
Ten Leading Cause of Mortality
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

2016 2017 2018

NO.
NO. OF No. OF
CAUSES OF RATE CAUSES RATE CAUSES RATE
CASE CASE
CASE
Accident 26 24.80 ACCIDENT 20 19.61 Hypertension 18 60.0
Cerebro Vascular
Accident
Pneumonia 15 14.30 secondary to 16 15.69 Pneumonia 13 10.0
Myocardial
Infarction
Cerebro Vascular Cerebro vascular
HPN 14 13.30 15 14.71 10 8.0
Accident Accident
Pulmonary
Cancer (all forms) 13 12.40 Cancer (all forms) 15 14.71 9 7.3
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary
11 10.50 Hypertension 9 8.82 Hypoxemia 5 4.0
Tuberculosis
Cerebro Vascular Chronic Renal
7 6.70 Kidney Failure 7 6.86 5 4.0
Accident Failure
Acute Myocardial Pulmonary Congestive Heart
5 4.80 6 5.88 4 3.25
Infarction Tuberculosis Failure
Congestive Heart Cardio Pulmonary
4 3.80 Pneumonia 3 2.94 3 2.40
Failure Arrest
Chronic
Obstructive
Liver Cirrohosis 3 2.90 Cardiac Failure 2 1.96 3 2.40
Pulmonary
Disease
Cardio Pulmonary
Arrest/
Accident (all
Hypovolemic 3 2.90 Asthma 2 1.96 2 1.60
forms)
Shock Secondary
to Profuse
Total 101 95 72
Source: MHO

The leading causes of death are pneumonias, diseases of heart, diseases of

vascular system, PTB, cancer all forms, and diseases of excretory and endocrine system.
Among these diseases, only 1 is communicable, others are non-communicable and two
are the major NCDs such as CVD and cancers.

Reported deaths enumerated in Table 3.57, in year 2018 significantly decreased

to 72 from 95 in the previous year. Hypertension topples the injury as the highest number
of deaths for the year 2018. In addition, the former remains on top when it comes to the 5
year average index as shown in Table 3.58.
Table 3.58
Five-Year Average of Leading Causes of Mortality
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

10 Leading Cause of Mortality 2018 5 YEAR AVERAGE

Number Rate Number Rate
1.Hypertension 18 60 % 66 13.2 %
2.Pneumonia 13 10 % 44 8.8 %
3. Cerebro Vascular Accident 10 8% 52 10.4 %
4.Pulmonary Tuberculosis 9 7.3 % 48 9.6 %
5.Hypoxemia 5 4.0 % 0 0
6.Chronic Renal Failure 5 4.0 % 0 0
7. Congestive Heart Failure 4 3.25 % 30 6%
8.Cardio Pulmonary arrest 3 2.4 % 7 14 %

9.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 3 2.4 % 0 0

10.Accident All Forms 2 1.6 % 83 16.6 %

Total 72 330
Source: MHO

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Tuberculosis (TB) Control and Prevention

National TB Program is the DOH-run tuberculosis control initiative in our country.

The program has a vision of achieving TB Free Philippines and aims to achieve Universal
access TB services. The program provides various free of cost, quality TB diagnosis and
treatment services across the country through the Philhealth reimbursement scheme. The
WHO TB DOTS strategy is being recommended to improve its treatment outcome.

Since 2015, we tried several approaches to increase our CDR but unfortunately it
remained to be our major problem in finding cases. One of the reasons are on the stigma
effect after diagnosis and secondly, the poor health seeking behaviour of the people
especially in far flung areas. (See Table 3.59)
Table 3.59
Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Data
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015-2018

CASE DETECTION CURE RATE TREATMENT CASE

YEAR RATE SUCCESS RATE NOTIFICATION
RATE
2015 21.07 95 96.12 116.7
2016 23.2 88.89 89.39 128.5
2017 15.05 96.77 93.24 83.4
2018 12.98 88.89 92.4 86.7
Source: MHO

Mosquito Borne Disease

Malaria

San Fernando has six (6) barangays endemic with Malaria namely; Matupe,
Durian, Cabuling, Kalagangan, Magkalungay and Kawayan. Since 2010, there were no
reported cases of malaria from these endemic areas. The creation of MASUVECO Team
or Malaria Surveillance and Vector Control Team has a great impact on the reduction of
cases and eventually to Malaria elimination in the succeeding years. With extensive
Malaria awareness drive in all sitios and purok in these affected areas and other advocacy
on Malaria prevention like bednets distribution, regular stream clearing and Indoor
Residual spraying of houses with insecticides, no malaria cases were reported for more
than 5 years..

Dengue

Dengue is considered a Mosquito-borne disease and is caused by a viral pathogen

that requires a vector in order to infect human. Aedes aegypti is the most common specie
which is a day biting mosquito that harbours the infective stage of viral pathogen to human.
Based on our Notifiable disease monitoring or PIDSR, in 2016 we had 26 Suspected
Dengue cases but was noted to be markedly decreased in 2017, there were only 3 cases
of suspected Dengue.

The marked reduction of Dengue cases was brought about by the concerted efforts
of all health workers, volunteers and barangay officials in practicing 4S strategy. The
massive info drive also help in educating the people on sanitation and infectious disease
prevention and control especially on mosquito borne diseases.

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Rabies

There were 23 and 32 cases of animal bites mostly were dog bites in 2016 and
2017 respectively. Two cases of Rabies died in 2016, one (1) from Magkalungay and the
other one is from Kalagangan. In 2017 an extensive Dog census and registration was then
conducted together with canine vaccination and awareness drive responsible pet
ownership. There were 6,484 domesticated dogs and cats registered however, only 1,984
(31%) of which received anti-rabies vaccination. This just proves that many pet owners
are still not responsible enough to take care of their pet and of themselves as well

Child Survival Package

In the past few years, an undue amount of effort has been put in towards the
attainment of the millennium development goal (MDG) for child survival. Child survival
interventions are aimed to address the most common causes of child deaths that occur.
Essential interventions for child health are the following:

Expanded Program on Immunization

Expanded Program on Immunization was established in 1976 through PD996,
which seeks to ensure that children, particularly infants and their mothers have access to
vaccines recommended for their age to prevent specific diseases. Comparing the data of
2016 to 2017, fully immunized child in 2016, were only 1,428 (93.11%) from out of 1,534
eligible pop and in 2017, there were 1,371 (88.22%) out of 1,664 children were fully
immunized. In 2018, it dropped to 81.89 % or 1255 children were fully immunized. The
inadequate number of health personnel to manage the increasing population in the
barangay influences the low outcome of FIC. In fact, for the last 5 years, the population
has constantly increased, without a corresponding augmentation of health workers. The
untimely low supply of vaccines was also identified as one of the critical factors influencing
the decreased in FIC.

Initiated Breastfeeding

According to the Milk Code or EO 51, initiation of breastfeeding within one hour
after birth should be strictly implemented in all public health facilities thru the “Unang
Yakap” strategy. Newborns are latched to start breastfeeding once airway is cleared.
Babies are born with an innate ability and desire to breastfeed. When healthy infants are
given the opportunity and time to breastfeed without interruption immediately after delivery,
they usually get themselves to the mother’s breast and begin nursing without any
assistance.

Data on 2016 revealed 70.02% who were initiated breastfeeding after birth which
the decreased 2% in 2017 which were down to 68.42% and its downward trend continued
in 2018 to 50.91%. The promotion on breastfeeding initiation should be intensively done
so that percentage of women that are able to initiate breastfeeding should be continuously
increased and the pregnant mothers should be encouraged to breastfed their babies one
(1) hour after birth.

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Table 3.60
Exclusive Breastfeeding
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

YEAR ELIGIBLE LIVE BIRTHS EXCLUSIVE PERCENTAGE

POPULATION BREASTFED
2016 1,534 1,072 1,029 67.09%
2017 1,554 1,210 1,111 71.49%
2018 1577 803 1040 66.%
Source: MHO

Breast milk is the ideal food for any baby, for the best growth and development
mentally, emotionally and physically. Exclusive breastfeeding is when a baby receives only
breast milk, without any additional food or drinks, including water, until 6 months of age.
While breastfeeding beyond 6 months, a baby should receive foods with breast milk until
the age of 2 or older. The breastfeeding duration after 2 years depends entirely on the
mother and the baby. In 2016, Table 3.60 shows that out of 1,072 live birth, 1,029 (67.09%)
were exclusively breastfed and increased to 71.49% by 2017 from a total live birth of 1,111;
906 were exclusively breastfed. The promotion on breastfeeding initiation should be
intensively done so that percentage of women that are able to initiate breastfeeding should
be continuously increased and the pregnant mothers should be encouraged to breastfed
their babies one (1) hour after birth.

Figure 3.84: Exclusive Breastfeeding

EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
Exclusive
2016 Breastfed
2017
2018

Source: MHO

Malnutrition

For the “Operation Timbang” results in 2016 shown in Table 3.61, there were 8,651
eligible children weighed ages 0-5 years old. Out of the total weighed in 2016 there were
8,795 was in normal weight compared in 2017 there were only 8,715 Normal, there were
691 underweight in 2016 and lowered into 686 children in 2017 ,there were 181 severely
underweight in 2016 and lowered down into 170 in 2017 and 4 overweight in 2016 and
increased in 2017 into 27. Illustration of malnutrition is shown in Figure 3.85. The
prevalence of malnutrition rate of the municipality is remained significantly low.

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Table 3.61
Data on Malnutrition
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2017

Year Total Normal Underweight Severely Overweight

Population Underweight
2016 8651 8795 691 181 4
2017 9457 8715 686 170 27
Source MHO

Figure 3.85: Malnutrition

10000 8795 8715

8000

6000

4000 2016
2017
2000
691 686
181 170 4 27
0
NORMAL UNDERWEIGHT SEVERELY OVERWEIGHT
UNDERWEIGHT

Source: MHO

Newborn Screening

The RHU SF Birthing home has been rendering NBS services since 2009 and was
then given accreditation and license in 2011 as Newborn screening Center in San
Fernando. Newborn screening is available 24/7 in our MCP birthing facility in P7 Brgy
Halapitan and in Bukidnon Provincial Hospital-San Fernando (BPH-SF). Since 2015, our
facility has been a recipient of Exemplary Award on NBS for attaining 99-100%
accomplishment on newborn screening yearly. See Table 3.62.

Bukidnon Provincial Hospital-San Fenando (BPH-SF)

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 All neonates with positive screening test are then referred to Lavina General
Hospital for confirmatory testing as our partner institution. As part of our health advocacies,
every year, the RHU SF conducts G6PD awareness forum to mothers with G6PD babies
during NBS day celebration every founding anniversary of our DOH MCP Birthing home
every last week of November.

Table 3.62
Cases of Newborn Screening
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015-2018

CASES 2015 2016 2017 2018

Number of Newborn Screened 317 369 213 197
Number of Inborn 302 300 156 118
Number of Outborn 15 69 57 22
Number of G6PD (+) screened 16 37 36 0
Number of G6PD Confirmatory Test 9 20 24 0
Source: MHO

Service Delivery

A full time Municipal Health Officer (MHO) manned the main RHU located in
Poblacion, Brgy Halapitan in San Fernando. Health service delivery in the 24 barangays
are complemented by Rural Health Midwives (RHMs) and Brgy Health Workers and
Auxilliary Sanitation Inspectors as Volunteer health workers in the field. The Public Health
Nurse and Rural Sanitation Inspector will conduct regular supervisory and monitoring
activities in the barangays. However, there is no permanent RHM assigned in barangays
Durian, San Jose and Dao. RHMs assigned in adjacent barangay will complement health
services in these areas and augmented by HRH nurses or midwives provided by
Department of Health.

Clients from these barangays who needs lab examination and complete medical
check-up by a physician are referred to the main RHU in brgy Halapitan. Existing
communication gadgets are available in the main RHU to respond to emergency calls but
more than half of Barangay Health stations do not have internet and telecommunication
access. There are few barangays with emergency transport system and mostly don’t have,
only using habal-habal as the most convenient and affordable means of transportation to
the next level facility.

The Rural Health Unit to Population ratio is 1:58,802 which are above the standard
of 1:20,000 populations, indicating that the RHU serves more than the desired standard of
1:20,000 people. In this concept, the workload faced by the RHU staff carry a significant
implication on the quality of health care services provided to every patient. Each barangay
has a functional health station and manned by a Rural Health Midwife (RHM) who provides
basic primary health care services to the constituents. Barangay Health Volunteers (BHW,
BaSI and BNS) assigned in every BHS assist the midwife in rendering health services to
the populace.

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Table 3.63
Number of Health Service Provider (HSP) by Barangay
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Source: MHO

The achievement of various health programs by the RHUs depends on the support
they received from their Local Government Units. For the less supportive LGUs, this
results into the failure to achieve target indicators/parameters. The problem seems to lie
in the non-engagement of political leaders at the municipal and the barangay levels.
Health services like Non-Communicable and Lifestyle Diseases, Rabies, Vector-Borne
and other Infectious diseases, Maternal and Child Health, Disease Prevention and Control
Initiatives, Health Education and Promotion, Mental Health, Family Planning,
Environmental Sanitation, medico-legal certification, Issuance of health permits are mainly
delivered by the main Rural Health center.

In order to address the Millennium Development Goals, now the 17 Sustainable

Development Goals or SDGs and the Kalusugan Pangkalahatan, specifically on the
improvement of maternal and neonatal health services. Several interventions are being
done such as the organization of the Women’s Health Teams and the deployment of CHTs
and navigators at the municipal and to the barangay level and the crafting of Barangay
Local Investment Plan for Health, are geared to respond to these SDGs. The purpose is
to conduct pregnancy tracking, conduct information and motivation to increase health
facility deliveries handled by health professionals, track defaulters on EPI and NTP
program, and increase awareness on FP program.

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Environmental Sanitation

Water

Water supply status in the Municipality of San Fernando as of year 2018 showed
that out of the 12,773 total households 68.55% (8,756 HH) are with safe water supply,
households were served with Level 1, II and lll, considering as a safe drinking water supply.
By the year 2019, the total HH with safe water supply was noted to decreased to 54%
(7,122 HH) have access to safe water supply, this is because of the implementation of the
Standard Water Drinking Sanitation in which 1 water facility (Level II) should cover only 4-
6 households and at least 200 meter distance from household to water source. Some of
the water facilities became dysfunctional also that is why there is a decrease in the safe
water supply.

Unfortunately, 4,017 HH or 31.45% of 2018 population have access to water

supply coming from doubtful sources, open dug well, shallow wells, undeveloped spring,
rain tank collection and other sources which are considered unsafe. Currently several
barangays have proposed projects on establishment of Potable water system under
KALAHI funds and needs to formulate a cost recovery scheme to sustain their potable
water system.

Figure 3.86: Water Supply Facilities

WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES

939
2106

LEVEL I
Source: MHO

LEVEL II

4437 LEVEL III

Table 3.64
Number of Safe Water Facilities
2017-2019

SAFE WATER FACILITIES

YEAR HH NO. LEVEL I LEVEL II LEVEL III TOTAL %
2017 12,683 1,077 4,855 1,829 7,761 61.19%
2018 12,773 895 5,461 2,400 8,756 68.55%
2019 13,110 939 4,437 2,106 7,482 57%

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 Figure 3.87: Water Supply Facilities per Barangay

WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES PER BARANGAY

1200 1093

1000
810
800

600 530
422 460
365
400 296 317 294
251 274 246 242
153 149 173 165 151 158
142 155
200 86 115 81 79
3410 0 17 2 36 73
0 0 000 000 025 0033 000 000 000 0 5 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 000 33
0

LEVEL I LEVEL II LEVEL III

Source: MHO

Figure 3.88: Toilet Facilities

TOILET FACILITIES
1510
400

SANITARY
UNSANITARY
W/O TOILET

11187

Source: MHO

Sanitary Toilet

A marked increase was noted on our Environmental Sanitation program particularly

on sanitary toilet as health indicator. In 2017, only 10,860 household have sanitary toilets
which is about 85.63% but this however went down by a very small margin of 0.64% to
84.99% (10,856) in 2018. In 2019, households with sanitary toilet increased to 11,187 or
85.33%. Since the start of the DOH ES - ZERO OPEN DEFECATION program, officials
from the different barangays were challenged to participate in this noble undertaking. In
2018, two barangays were recognized and awarded with seal of ZOD by DOH, namely

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 Barangay Tugop and Kawayan, and two (2) Regional Basic Sanitation Best Practices
(RBSBP) awardee, namely Malayanan & Candelaria and are still actively promoting the
program with regular monitoring of toilet facilities and establishing safe water system,
water borne disease will eventually be eliminated.
Table 3.65
Sanitary Toilet Facilities
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2017-2019

SANITARY TOILET FACILITIES

HH with HH without HH W with
YEAR HH NO. SANITARY % TOILET % UNSANITARY %
TOILET TOILET
2017 12,683 10,860 85.63 1,384 10.91 439 3.0
2018 12,773 10,856 84.99 1,538 12 379 2.96
2019 13,110 11,187 85.33 1,510 13.49 400 3.0
Source: MHO

Table 3.66
Food Establishment
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2017-2019

FOOD ESTABLISHMENT
No. of With Sanitary Food Handlers With Health Trained
YEAR Establishment Permit Certificate
2017 954 229 1,311 470 798
2018 1,051 449 1,328 659 982
2019 1,185 513 1,883 700 1,055
Source: MHO

Figure 3.89: Toilet Facilities per Barangay

TOILET FACILITIES PER BARANGAY

2500

2179

2000

1500
1277

949
1000
702
646
464 453
500 391 413 406 406
318 331316 355
292 300
255 286 242 292 260 215
177 140 171
877213045 79 71 84 90 54 91
17
0 22 0 00 00 032 12 00 0 00 0 0 010 00 0 00 0 135 00 76 00 00
0

SANITARY UNSANITARY NO TOILET

Source: MHO

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Management

In San Fernando and in most of the barangay the implementation of waste

management was not sustained due to inadequate monitoring of the concerned personnel
of the local government. There may be an organized waste management committee but
not functional. The sustainability aspect of the waste management implementation was
poor due to non-existence plan made by the Barangays during the past years. However,
some of the Barangays pursued the plans with the efforts of the Rural Health Midwives
and other Health Personnel assigned in the barangay. Out of 24 Barangays 29 Material
Recovery Facility (MRF) were built where they can store the reusable materials.

With this scene, exerting double effort in the advocacy campaign and continuous
information, and education to the community in proper waste segregation and proper
garbage disposal should rigorously done and policy ordinance should strictly imposed and
implemented.

Table 3.67
Disposal Facilities
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2017-2019

DISPOSAL FACILITIES
HH USING HH WITH % MRF
YEAR HH NO. SEGRAGATION COMMUNAL
2017 12,683 7,829 2,159 79 24
2018 12,773 4498,369 1,977 81 29
2019 13,110 5137,496 2,013 73 50
Source: MHO

Anti Smoking and Clean Air Act Program Implementation

Clean air laws have been enacted to reduce the harmful effects of Environmental
Tobacco Smoke (ETS) on non-smokers by restricting or banning smoking in designated
public areas. The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA No. 7160) accords every Local
Government Unit a power and authority to promote the general welfare within its territorial
jurisdiction. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA No. 8749) declares the right of every
citizen to breath clean air thus prohibits smoking inside enclosed public places including
vehicles and other means of transport and directs Local Government Units to implement
this act. In addition to it, scientific evidence has unequivocally established that tobacco
consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke causes death, disease and disability, lead
to devastating health, social, economic and environmental consequences, and places
burdens on families, on the poor and on local health systems. Accordingly, the Local
Government Unit of San Fernando, Bukidnon recognizes the need to establish policy
necessary to ensure public health safety. Resolution No. 224-2016 was passed enacting
an Ordinacnce no. 662-2016 unanimously approved by the Sangguniang Bayan and
signed by the Municipal Mayor Levi C. Edma last April 24, 2017 which absolutely
prohibiting cigarette smoking in all public buildings and places in the municipality.

By reducing opportunities to smoke, smoking restrictions directly reduce the

quantity of cigarettes smoked in the restricted areas, which may improve the chances of
quitting. Smoking restrictions may also change norms regarding the social acceptability of
smoking. As social attitudes change, smokers maybe induced to attempt to quit thereby
reducing the number of smokers. The Municipal Health Office headed by Dr. Maria
Algerlina I. Edma had initiated activities for this tobacco control strategy.

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  A survey was conducted in the 24 barangays to know the number of smokers. Data
gathered showed that there are smokers already in as early as 10-13 years old and
had quite a number of smokers with a total of 8,427. The tables below show the
number of smokers in age bracket and number in gender and the kind of cigarette
used with its percentage. See tables 3.68 and 3.69

Table 3.68
Number of Smokers by Age
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Age Bracket (years old) Total

10-13 14-16 17=19 20-30 31-49 50-59 60
above
No. of 4 294 629 2,290 3,269 1,116 846 8,427
Smokers
Percentage 0.04% 3.40% 7.60% 27.10% 38.70% 13.20% 10% 100%

Table 3.69
Number of Smokers by Gender
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon

Male Female Cigarette Beatle Nut

Commercial
Total 7,633 794 7,766 661
Pecentage 90.50% 9.40% 91.10% 7.80%

MPOWER Training was conducted last November 13-15, 2019 at San Fernando
Eco Adventure Park and Resort participated by the Punong Barangays, Barangay
Kagawads, IP Mandatory, BHWs and RHMs with the speakers from Action on Smoking
and Health (ASH) Mr. Armand D. Ardanas and Dr. Gay D. Ardanas. It was a 30-day training
with various topic about the tobacco control strategy. MPOWER is a policy package
intended to assist in the implementation of effective interventions to reduce the demand
for tobacco. It has six evidence based components which are the following: a.) Monitor
tobacco use and prevention policies, b.) Protect people from tobacco smoke, c.) Offer help
to quit tobacco use, d.) Warn about the dangers of tobacco, e.) Enforce bans on tobacco
advertising, promotion and sponsorship and f.) Raise taxes on tobacco.

MPOWER is widely recognized summary of the essential elements of tobacco

control strategy. It is the only document of a somewhat strategic nature that is a source of
information on the spread of tobacco epidemic, as well as of suggestions concerning
specific actions for supporting the fight against this epidemic. Tobacco epidemic is
preventable. People don’t have to die from tobacco related illness if the leaders takes
urgent action to it. During the training, participants made action plan for their respective
barangay of their strategies on the drive to control smoking and in drafting San Fernando
for the said understanding

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B. Goal

Provide and upgrade health, nutrition and sanitation service delivery to attain and
uphold a healthy society.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS (Effects)

1. Inadequate Health - Unrealistic/Un-updated -Less people reached
Service Barangay population by Health service
providers/manpower - Increasing mobile population providers
- Cultural behavior - Presence of
- Uneducated residents Malnutrition, Under
- Presence of Geographically 5yo and Maternal
Isolated and Disadvantaged deaths
areas in 17 barangay

2. High incidence of water - Unsafe water supplies - Malnutrition and

borne diseases Parasitism
- Economic drain

3. Non-functional - Poor program implementation - Community is

Barangay Nutrition and outcome vulnerable for
Council & Barangay outbreak
Health Board. - Poor Health
Governance

4. Rapid increase in - Lack of awareness on Family - Increased Crude Birth

population number Planning program rate
- Poverty - High Incidence of
- Religious affiliation Malnutrition
- Cultural practices/myths - High incidence
childhood illnesses
- High incidence of
Teen pregnancy

5. Under-five Mortality - Lack/insufficient Health Care - Prevalence of Under

Facilities Five Mortality and
- Unreceptive residents to new Morbidity
Health Programs
- Untrained health worker

6. Poor case detection rate - Poor health seeking behavior/ - Increase deaths due
of TB symptomatic Unreceptive residents to new to Tuberculosis (TB)
Health Programs - Economic drain
- Social stigma of the disease
- Poor knowledge on infectious
diseases
- Health worker not committed
to perform their duties (Poor
case finding)

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 7. Occupational - Health worker not committed - Poor economic
Hazard/Infectious to perform their duties status-chronically ill
diseases (e.g. - Poor knowledge on infectious patients
Schistosomiasis, diseases control, prevention & - Prevalence of 5
Heterophydiasis, sanitation (use of protective endemic Barangays
Parasitosis, gears, e.g. Boots, Gloves) with Schistosomiasis
Helmenthiasis) - Presence of Open defecation
8. Malnutrition - Poverty & ignorance - Poor personal &
- Teenage pregnancy academic
- Poor sanitary practices development
- Cultural beliefs and practices - Increase incidence of
of indigenous people childhood illnesses
- Unhealthy life styles - Under developed
(smoking, alcoholic spree, society
substance abuse) - Increase infant
- No enough budget to solve mortality rate
malnutrition problem
- No capability
building/refresher course
Barangay Nutrition Scholars
for more than 10 years
9. Unsafe water Supply - No budget allocation - Prevalence of
with only - Not a priority program in the Malnutrition
18% Level III barangay - Increase incidence of
waterborne diseases
10. Prevalence of Non - Poor nutrition - Increase prevalence of
Communicable - Less awareness on Non- Non-communicable
Diseases communicable diseases and diseases like
Healthy Lifestyle Hypertension, Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary
diseases and Diabetes
Mellitus.
- Unemployment
- Younger deaths
11. Prevalence of - Environmental Stressors - Suicide/ Deaths
Mental illness - Lack of Family Support - Poor economic status
- Not a priority program in the
barangay

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D. Objectives, Strategies, and Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Inadequate budget/ - Provide budget - Priority allocation of Resolution
funds for medicines allocation for budget for medicines & ordinance
and other health medicines & other other health benefits
benefits health benefits - Integration of budget for
medicines to Barangay
Internal Revenue
Allotment
2. Increasing - Provide budget - Funding allocation Resolution
Malnutrition allocation for the - Tapping/linkages to Non- ordinance
incidence feeding of identified Government
malnourished children Organizations
- Increase Awareness - Conduct Information
on Malnutrition and its Education Campaign
effects - Practice Good
- Good Sanitation Environmental Sanitation
Practices to every Household
- Capacitate Barangay - Capability
Nutrition Scholars building/refresher course
to all Barangay Nutrition
Scholars
3. High incidence of - Establish water - Funding allocation Resolution
water borne diseases system - Tapping/linkages to Non- ordinance
Government
Organizations
4. Rapid increase in - Sustain Contraceptive - Ensure/Affordability of
population Prevalence Rate+ commodities thru BNBs
- Monitoring of supplies
- Coordinate with NGOs
- Ensure completion of
Urban Development
Housing Act System for
fast tracking of
population management
- Intensify the “Zero Unmet
Need in Family Planning”
Program
5. Maternal Deaths - Establish birthing - Funding allocation for
home at the Barangay supplies and instrument
Level use for birthing home
6. Poor case detection - Reduction of TB - Spontaneous Case
rate of TB Cases Detection
symptomatic - IEC
- Provision of Medicine
- Capability building
7. Occupational - Increase awareness - Information Education
Hazard/Infectious on Health Care Campaign
diseases (e.g. - Provision of medicines
Schistosomiasis,
Heterophydiasis,
Parasitosis,
Helmenthiasis)

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK
Provide and upgrade health, nutrition and sanitation service delivery to attain and
uphold a healthy society

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Population composition by age  No functional “Botika ng
group/barangay. Barangay”.
 In and out population (mobile  Newly hired health workers
group).  Two (2) barangays with
 High incidence of water borne dilapidated barangay health
diseases. station and only one (1) health
 Unreported death. nutrition post established.
 High Contraceptive Prevalence  Nomadic attitude among
Rate (CPR). indigeneous people (IP)
 Low facility based delivery  Only 80% Philhealth member
 Poor case detection rate of population.
infectious diseases.  Consistent top ten (10) malnourish
 Occupational hazard/ infectious LGU in the province.
diseases (e.g. schistosomiasis,  Inadequate health manpower
heterophydiasis).  Low sanitation compliance.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Meet halfway through Health  Establishing and sustaining
Nutrition Post. functional “botika ng Barangay” in
 100% coverage to philhealth 24 barangays with active Barangay
benefits/ membership. Local Health Board with adequate
 Population survey/ barangay/ age budget allocation for health
bracket/ socioeconomic status/ programs.
ethnicity.  Training of health personnel and
 Strengthening regulation and stakeholders.
financing for malnutrition.  Lobby additional budget for
 Poor health delivery system – construction of additional health
inadequate manpower. facilities (Health Nutrition Post,
 All household must have access Barangay Health Station).
to safe potable water supply and  Establishing water system.
sanitation facility.  Tapping Non Government
 Massive intensive information Organizations and other agencies
drive on all health programs – concern.
conduct regular health caravan to  Implement and utilize mandatory
all geographically isolated and budget for health programs from
disadvantage areas. Local Council for the Protection of
Children, Barangay Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Funds,
Barangay Anti-drug Fund and
Barangay Nutrition Funds.

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3.3.3 EDUCATION

A. Situational Analysis

Literacy of Population

The latest data on the literacy of population was in year 2015 Census of Population.
As reflected on Table 3.70 below, considering the age group of 10 years old and over,
there are 33,824 or 84.14% out of the total of 40,198 are literate wherein males dominated
the counts.

Table 3.70
Literacy of the Household Population 10 years old and over by Age, Group and Sex
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

Age Group Total Population Literate Illiterate

Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female
Sexes Sexes Sexes
10-14 6,846 3,575 3,271 6,195 3,191 3,004 651 384 267
15-19 5,541 2,883 2,658 4,992 2,571 2,421 549 312 237
20-24 4,779 2,463 2,316 4,191 2,126 2,065 588 337 251
25-29 4,301 2,308 1,993 3,735 2,000 1,735 566 308 258
30-34 3,586 1,878 1,708 2,984 1,579 1,405 602 299 303
35-39 3,258 1,772 1,486 2,599 1,450 1,149 659 322 337
40-44 2,905 1,526 1,379 2,251 1,199 1,052 654 327 327
45-49 2,452 1,273 1,179 1,948 1,035 913 504 238 266
50-54 1,986 1,049 937 1,543 833 710 443 216 227
55-59 1,484 782 702 1,142 593 549 342 189 153
60-64 1,119 605 514 889 499 390 230 106 124
65 yr old & over 1,941 984 957 1,355 693 662 586 291 295
Total 40,198 21,098 19,100 33,824 17,769 16,055 6,374 3,329 3,045
Percent to Total 100% 52.49% 47.51% 84.14% 52.53% 47.47% 15.86% 52.28 47.72%
Source: PSA, POPCEN 2015

School-age Population by Age Group

Ages involved in school-age population are 5 to 24 years old wherein there are
24,890 or 44.38% of the total population counted in year 2015 publilshed by the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA).

As shown in table 3.71, the enrolment participation rate is 63.17% through dividing
the number of students of a particular age group enrolled in all levels of education by the
size of the total population of that age group. Unfortunately, there are 9,167 or 36.83%
belong to out-of-school-youth (OSY) and most of them are ages 15-24 years old or ages
that must be served with secondary and tertiary education. The pursue of education is
somewhat neglected due to unavailability of secondary and tertiary schools to several
barangays. There are only six barangays out of 24 established high school curriculum and
only Barangay Halapitan had established tertiary school.

Educational issues, concerns and priorities are identified within the districts of San
Fernando. As the principal states, education begins at home but formal education should
be served by the government in which it is the main concern of the municipality of San
Fernando. Geographical location, peace and order and even its climate are some factors

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on the efficiency of educational delivery. Culture and tradition and practices are also
considered factors.

Table 3.71
School-age Population
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Census 2015

School- Census 2015 Number of Population Out of School Youth

Age Group Population – 56,138 Attended School
Male Female Both Male Female Both Male female Both
Sexes Sexes Sexes
5-9 3,946 3,701 7,647 3,490 3,344 6,836 454 357 811
10-14 3,578 3,275 6,853 3,171 3,019 6,190 407 256 663
15-19 2,899 2,670 5,569 1,233 1,148 2,381 1,666 1,522 3,188
20-24 2,496 2,325 4,821 162 154 316 2,334 2,171 4,505
Total 12,919 11,971 24,890 8,058 7,665 15,723 4.861 4,306 9,167
Percent to Total 44.38% Participation Rate 63.17% 36.83%
Source: MPDO, PSA, POPCEN 2015

Access to quality education is the main objective of the municipality but the problem
of parents and school children are the inaccessibility of education facility from home and
the economic status of the family or parents. Lack of interest in education, lack of
classrooms and textbooks as well as insufficient number of teachers and classrooms
contributed to the problem of education in the municipality. Due to the problems stated
above which resulted to poor academic performance of students will eventually be the
cause of drop outs of school children from the school. The main problem of both
elementary and secondary schools in San Fernando is the shortage of number of teachers
and classrooms due to rapid population of enrolees. Several factors are also observed
namely: distance from home to school, family economic status, family problems, peace
and order situation in the community, parent’s lack of interest and even culture and
tradition of the tribal groups in San Fernando.

Although there are no formal research in the past and until now, there are
interviews made by teachers and administrators to parents and pupils why pupils/students
have to leave school. Hundreds of students have to walk more than five (5) kilometers
from their respective house to school especially for those who cannot afford to rent
boarding houses nor pay the habal-habal fare. With that tiresome routinary walk daily they
cannot even afford to open their books and notebooks to study their lessons since they
are also required to do some household chores at home.

Family economic status is a given factor for low performance and student drop-
outs since this is proven by different researchers all over the world. Researchers found
out that the lower the economic status, academic performance is also low with a very high
chance of drop-outs. Family problems and parent teacher’s relationships are also
mentioned by interviewees. As contributing factor, land disputes, husband and wife
relationship affect student’s performance in school while teachers also mentioned why
parents left their students dropped from schools.

Presently, communist groups are active in the municipality of San Fernando.

Although there is no recorded engagement between them and the government troops in
the proper of San Fernando, but their presence in the remote barangays is very clear that
affects the educational system and academic performance of pupils and students.

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 Due to the economic status of the families especially those who are below poverty
threshold, parents are more interested in letting their children stay at home or let them help
at their farms. Consequently, pupils and students have to be absent from their classes.
Although parents felt the importance of education but the need for them to satisfy hunger
comes most important.

Moreover, the cultural marriage arrangements of the tribe also affects the
education of the children and youth. “Buya” is the traditional marriage used by the
Tigwahanos and Matigsalogs wherein the parents agreed to marry each child with another
from the same tribe once they reach the appropriate age. This left 40% to 50% of the
students marrying at an early age of 14 to 15 which deprived them of the opportunity of
earning higher education.

Levels of Education

Education sector in San Fernando serves both formal and informal learnings which
has three (3) levels namely: a) Elementary b) Secondary and c) Tertiary. The elementary
and secondary both private and public schools are under the Department of Education
(DepEd) while tertiary levels are under the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

Based on the data in year 2018 gathered from Barangay Nutrition Council in 24
barangays, it is classified that 41% of the 17,778 population of children 0-17 years old are
indigent (IPs). Meanwhile, the department of Education had implemented indigenous
Peoples Education Program as a response to the right of indigenous peoples (IP) to basic
education that is responsive to their context, respects their identities and promotes the
values of their indigenous knowledge, skills and other aspects of their cultural heritage.
With this regard, and with the continuing support of the government, there are 12 IP
schools which serves elementary education only. These were are constructed at different
barangays especially the remote or isolated areas bounded by hills and rivers.

Table 3.72 also classified 73 (0.3%) persons with disability (PWDs) aged 0-17
years old from several barangays of San Fernando. PWD learners are present in some
schools and there are problems encountered by the teachers. Their uncontrollable
disabilities cause troubles with classmates and may become the source of bullying within
the classroom or even in the campus. Difficulty in teaching also one of the problems
because of their PWD’s limited capabilities. These learners need special attention, care,
and approach that maybe cannot be provided by the teachers and normal learners. Special
Education must be implemented in the municipality wherein PWD must receive
appropriate free public education in the least restrictive environment necessary to meet
those learner’s needs but because of their few population, it has been neglected.

Basic education is provided by primary, elementary and secondary schools

strategically located in the municipality of San Fernando. When a student does not have
or cannot access formal education in schools, the DepEd offered Alternative Learning
System (ALS) which is a parallel learning system that provides a practical option to the
existing formal instruction. Tertiary education is offered by two (2) colleges namely a.) San
Fernando Community College Inc. (private) and b.) Bukidnon State University (public) and
one (1) technical Vocational courses managed by the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) under the support and assistance of the LGU.

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Table 3.72
IP and PWD Children Classification
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Classification
Barangay Population of Children (0-17 years old) – 24,391
IP Children 0-17 yrs old PWD (0-17 yrs old)
Male Female Male Female
1 Bonacao 314 305 2 3
2 Bulalang 128 156 - -
3 Cabuling 149 118 1 -
4 Candelaria 12 6 - -
5 Cayaga 129 88 4 2
6 Dao 373 343 - -
7 Durian 68 49 3 1
8 Halapitan 502 524 9 10
9 Iglugsad 148 161 2 1
10 Kalagangan 942 873 1 3
11 Kawayan 126 127 - -
12 Kibongcog 533 498 1 -
13 Little Baguio 164 168 3 9
14 Mabuhay 131 141 - -
15 Magkalaungay 138 111 - 1
16 Malayanan 3 2 2 2
17 Matupe 160 171 - -
18 Nacabuklad 77 81 1 -
19 Namnam 363 307 1 -
20 Palacpacan 257 242 - -
21 Sac. Valley 109 71 2 1
22 San Jose 179 179 3 -
23 Sto. Domingo 135 125 3 2
24 Tugop 20 21 - -
Sub-total 5,160 4,867 38 35
Total 10,027 (41%) 73 (0.3%)
Pop. 5-17 years old 17,778
IP Pop. 5-17 years old 7,289
(Assumption)
Source: MPDO and Barangay Nutrition Council (BNC)

Elementary Level

All 24 barangays in San Fernando provide and promote basic literacy in the
community. It has divided into two districts with 34 complete public elementary schools,
12 indigenous people’s (IP) school and two (2) private schools, namely a.) Seventh Day
Adventist Academy located at barangay Halapitan and b.) Divine Mercy School of
Bukidnon located at Sitio Bugca Barangay Sto Domingo. All schools have opened their
pre-schools as mandated by the Department of Education. There are 67 public day-care
centers for age 3-4 years old that caters all barangays and others are managed privately
by different churches which includes Baptist Kindergarten, Seventh Day Adventist
Kindergarteen and United Church of Christ of the Philippines Kindergarten all located at
Poblacion Halapitan

Halapitan Central Elementary School is the largest public elementary school

located at barangay Halapitan, the capital of the municipality which is also has the highest
number of enrolees as shown in Table 3.73. It is situated 200 meters away from the
national highway. The school is also surrounded with 6 public elementary schools and 2
IP schools from different sitios of the barangay.

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 Table 3.73
Inventory of Elementary Schools
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015
Barangay Name of School No. of No. of Teacher No. of Classroom No. of
Legend: ES (Elementary School) Enrolees Teachers Pupil Classroom – Pupil Drop-
IPS (Indigeneous People’ School) Ratio ratio out
Urban
1. Halapitan Halapitan Central ES 1,171 29 1:41 29 1:41 22
Ilian ES 131 7 1:19 8 1:17 0
Macabongbong ES 69 4 1:18 4 1;18 1
Nala ES 200 10 1:20 2 1:100 0
Colon ES 102 5 1:21 5 1:21 1
Sta. Cruz ES 41 2 1:21 2 1:21 0
Sulog ES 144
 Panuluanan To Salumayag 261 6 1:44 6 1:44 0
 Malayag No Paluanan To Salumayag 58 1 1:58 3 1:19 0
Urbanizing
1. Candelaria Candelaria ES 123 7 1:18 3 1:41 0
2. Kalagangan Kalagangan ES 829 28 1:30 28 1:30 30
 Keupiyanan Te Balugo 103 2 1:52 3 1:35 0
 Panayaban Te Simsimen 131 3 1:44 3 1:44 0
 Panuluanan Te Masalugpok 67 3 1:23 3 1:23 0
 Panuluanan Te Delon
129 3 1:43 3 1:43 0
3. Little Baguio Little Baguio ES 801 23 1:35 20 1:41 0
Kauswagan ES 146 6 1:25 4 1:37 3
Bayting ES 63 3 1:21 2 1:32 0
4. Mabuhay Mabuhay ES 405 17 1:24 12 1:34 7
5. Nacabuklad Nacabuklad ES 213 7 1:31 5 1:43 0
6. Namnam Namnam Integrated School 1,015 26 1:39 26 1:39 0
Mahayag ES
 Basbasan To Goynawa To Balakayo 244 8 1:31 8 1;31 0
84 1 1:84 3 1:28 0
7. Sac. Valley Sac. Valley ES 376 10 1:38 9 1:42 0
Rural
1. Bonacao Bonacao ES 410 18 1:23 15 1:28 0
 Basbasan To Diraya To Tigwa 149 4 1:38 4 1:38 0
Panuluanan Te Kisayab
140 4 1:35 3 1:47 0
2. Bulalang Bulalang ES 159 6 1:27 5 1:32 0
3. Cabuling Cabuling ES 179 6 1:30 6 1:30 0
4. Cayaga Cayaga ES 236 7 1:34 7 1:34 0
5. Dao Dao ES 331 12 1:28 10 1:32 0
 Kiranggel Tunghanan Te Katalonan 77 3 1:26 3 1:26 0
6. Durian Durian ES 173 8 1:22 8 1:22 0
7. Iglugsad Iglugsad ES 338 13 1:26 12 1;29 0
8. Kawayan Kawayan ES 378 12 1:32 8 1:48 0
9. Kibongcog Kibongcog ES 301 11 1:28 10 1:32 0
10. Magkalungay Magkalungay ES 207 7 1:30 7 1:30 0
Malambago ES 176 7 1:26 4 1:44 5
11. Malayanan Malayanan ES 198 7 1:29 8 1:25 0
12. Matupe Matupe ES 309 11 1:29 10 1:31 0
 Kalayag Ne basbasan Te Kamyasungan 102 3 1:34 3 1:34 0
13. Palacpacan Palacpacan ES 307 11 1:28 10 1:31 0
14. San Jose San Jose ES 231 10 1:24 10 1;24 0
 Baley Ne Panuluan Te Inayaman 51 2 1:26 3 1:17 0
15. Sto. Domingo Bugca ES 233 8 1:30 8 1:30 0
16. Tugop Tigua ES 297 11 1:27 9 1:33 0
TOTAL 11,888 399 1:30 358 1:33 69
Legend
 IP school
No. of Barangay Schools – 34 No. of IP Schools – 12 Total No. of Schools - 46

Source: San Fernando, DEPED District I and II

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Panuluanan To Salumayag (Elementary IP School) Keupiyanan Te Balugo (Elementary IP School)
Sitio Salumayag, Halapitan, San Fernando, Bukidnon Sitio Balugo, Kalagangan, San Fernando,
Bukidnon

Panayaban Te Simsimen (Elementary IP School) Kalayag Ne Basbasan Te Kamyasungan

Sitio SImsimon, Kalagangan, San Fernando, Bukidnon (Elementary IP School)
Sitio Kamyasungan, Matupe, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Based on the total number of 11,888 enrolees during school year 2017-2018, the
average teacher-pupil ratio is one (1) teacher per a class size of 31 learners which may
be still ideal compare to the proposal made from the “House Bill 473” or an act regulating
class size in all public schools and appointing funds which proposes “class to be handled
by one teacher shall be fixed at a standard size of 35 learners, with a maximum of no more
than 50 students”. As shown in Table 3.73, based on the individual result, there are three
(3) IP schools from Barangays Halapitan (Malayag No Paluanan To Salumayag),
Kalagangan (Keupiyanan Te Balugo), and Namnam (Basbasan To Goynawa To
Balakayo) failed to the compliance of the said proposal. One reason is the failure of funding
additional teacher while the number of enrolees increasing every school year. It is noted
also that the number of classroom is enough to be occupied by the IP pupils. These areas
are considered isolated which contributed to the difficulty of teachers in terms of
transportation to reach the site because of the hill topped and earthly condition of roadway
especially during rainy season. There is no record of drop-outs from these IP schools
which means they are all interested in going to school despite the poverty and
overcrowding condition of relying to 1 or 2 teachers per over population of enrolees.
Despite the fact that they are responsible, independent, willing to learn and live with
desirable values, most IP pupils engaged in frequent absenteeism. Most of them are

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considered as distant learners. They walked for almost 1 to 5 kilometers to reach the
school. The risk of roadway to school especially when it rains, sometimes hinder their
desire to go to school. Parents sometimes asked their children to be absent from the class
to help them in farm to sustain for their daily needs. Other learners were affected by
malnutrition.

Considering the location of rural areas especially the sitios which are already
bounded by farm lots, sugarcane and corn and rice farms owned by private individuals,
some people living in the place are only laborers that earns only a minimum salary which
could hardly suffice the needs of their family. Indigenous people are currently suffering
extreme poverty since most of them have not owned agricultural piece of land to earn a
living, they only depend on government subsidy (4Ps) and on labor works which is not
regular in nature.

Mostly, the problem in school is the unavailability of potable water supply, but they
still survived with the sustainable raw sources from the environment like water falls or river
running water. This could put their health at risk but they have adapted this survival in
many years. Currently, almost schools need to have a fixed perimeter fence in their site in
order to keep the school premises at safe from any forms of harm like entry of stray animals
and thieves. It also prevent the pupils from uncontrollable escape during school hours.

As shown in Table 3.74, drop-out is rare, in every school year based on data from
public schools having the highest ratio of only 7 drop-out pupils per 1000 enrolees in SY
2011-2012 and lowest ratio of 3 pupils per 1000 enrolees in SY 2014-2015. This condition
still belongs to the main problems in education because the DepEd aim to achieve the goal
of zero dropout by 2030 or maybe halve the rate of school dropout.

Table 3.74
Elementary Enrollment Data
San Fernando, Bukidnon
School Year 2017-2018

School Year No. of Enrolment No. of Drop-out Rate of Drop-out per 1000
Enrolees
2010-2011 8,403 39 5
2011-2012 8,565 61 7
2012-2013 9,456 52 6
2013-2014 9,852 39 4
2014-2015 9,271 24 3
2015-2016 9,697 43 4
2016-2017 9,520 45 5
2017-2018 11,888 69 6
Source: DepEd

Secondary Education

There are 4 public and 5 private schools which serve secondary education in San
Fernando with complete junior and senior high school except the school annexes as listed
in Table 3.75. Halapitan National High School (HNHS), the largest school in the
municipality that caters the 40% of the whole population of high school students within the
municipality. It has 37 classrooms that house the 2,545 enrolees including senior high
school students recorded in school year 2018 as shown in Table 3.76 and Table 3.77.

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Table 3.75
List of Secondary Secondary Schools
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Name of School Barangay

Public
1. Halapitan National High School Halapitan
2. Little Baguio National High School Little Baguio
3. Halapitan National High School (Kalagangan Annex) Kalagangan
4. Little Baguio National High School (Namnam Annex) Namnam
Private
1. Sevent Day Adventist Academy Halapitan
2. San Fernando Community Colleges Inc. Halapitan
3. Divine Mercy School of bukidnon Sto. Domingo
4. Pope John Paul II School of Bukidnon Durian
5. Kalagangan Academy Kalagangan
Source: DepEd

Table 3.76
Historical Data on Enrollment
Secondary Level
San Fernando, Bukidnon

School Year No. of Enrollment No. of Drop-outs Rate of Drop-out per

1000 enrollees
2010-2011 1,346 66 49
2011-2012 1,382 76 55
2012-2013 1,349 88 65
2013-2014 1,355 3 2
2014-2015 1,648 27 16
2015-2016 1,605 2 2
2016-2017 1,720 0 0
2017-2018 2,545 9 4

Table 3.77
Secondary Enrollment Data
San Fernando, Bukidnon
SY 2017-2018
Name of School Enrollment No. of Teacher No. of Classroom – No. of
Teachers Pupil Class- Pupil Ratio Drop-
Ratio room outs
Halapitan National High School 2,545 58 1:44 37 1:69 9
Total 2,545 58 1:44 37 1:69 9
Source: DepEd

HNHS has been a performing school in terms of the programs, projects and
activities that the Department of Education has mandated to accomplish, especially in
attaining its Mantr-EduKalidad.

It has received awards both in the division and regional levels. This is evident by
the students and coaches who qualified in the division, regional and even national
competitions.

The teachers are all professionally qualified, talented and skillful. In addition to
such qualification they continue to upgrade and upskill themselves by enrolling post-
graduate studies, obtain TESDA National Certificates and attend trainings and
workshops.

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 Halapitan National High School

Every school year, population of enrollees increases which result to overcrowding

and shortage of teachers and classrooms become the usual problems which currently
recorded with a ratio of 1 teacher per 44 students and an average ratio of 1 classroom for
69 students.

As shown in Table 3.77, it is noted that the number of drop-outs from year 2010-
2013 has higher population because of the poverty and early marriage due to unwanted
pregnancy. But it is decreasing annually because nowadays, poverty, even though a trend
problem nationwide but on the other point of view has been given an option of surpassing
the issue through government’s policy of free tuition to all public schools and the policy of
provision of financial subsidy for IPs.

Despite performance of the teachers and students however, there are also
challenges that the school needs to address. To mention few, the fads of technology right
at the fingertips of school children, the prevailing addiction on the television programs and
dramas, and health problems due to the wrong practices of families and school children

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are but some of the few root causes of the problems on school performances as shown
in the data below:
a) 41 % (1:119) of the total enrollment belongs to frustration level in reading
b) 35% (951) students are sports enthusiasts and the school has teachers
who are potential coaches.
c) The school offers four (4) Tech-Vocational Courses with 135 students that
are under the JDVP contract

Hence, the administration will therefore adhere religiously to the KITE program of
the department so as to address the local needs. It is to this end that the school calls for
real partnership with the local government through its agencies and the private external
stakeholders.

Tertiary Education

Since 1994, San Fernando Community Colleges Inc. (SFCCI), a private school
located at Barangay Halapitan offers courses for tertiary education. One of these courses
is Bachelor of Elementary Education which mostly preferred by enrollees. The campus
only cater enrollees up to second year level then required to finish the courses to the main
campus located at Valencia City, Bukidnon.

Fortunately in year 2018, the Bukidnon State University of Malaybalay City,

Bukidnon established a satellite campus in San Fernando. It is a complete public tertiary
education which offers 2 courses namely a.) Bachelor in Public Administration and b.)
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.

The usual scenario of secondary school graduates mostly prefer to enroll outside
the municipality or to some known colleges and universities of cities and municipalities in
Northern Mindanao due to the unavailability of courses in San Fernando and/or due to the
expectation of availing higher quality and standard of education and technologies that may
be offered by other schools.

Non-formal Education

Drop-out students from the past years are encouraged to return to school by
offering Open High School conducted by HNHS where the teacher assigned them several
modules which required home study and allowed them to report to the campus once a
week. Other option offered by DepEd is the Alternative Learning System (ALS), a parallel
learning system that provides a practical option of the existing formal instruction. This is a
substitute when one does not have or cannot access formal education in schools. They
are being required to comply the regular modules and then required to pass the
Accreditation and Equivalency Exam. Passers/graduates will be awarded with diploma and
certificates which are accredited to pursue tertiary education. This system is ran with
coordinators, mobile teachers and the rest were volunteer teachers who serve several
barangays of San Fernando. These volunteers are mostly fresh college graduates and
new teacher board passers who are willing to offer free services to the ALS students. This
act of kindness may credit to their records to fill the requirements in applying teaching jobs
in the future.

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 When one doesn’t afford to take tertiary education, he/she can enroll in Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), a government agency supported
and assisted by the LGU of San Fernando. It offers courses regarding skills and various
vocational training oriented programs like;

a.) Beadsmaking
b.) Massage Therapy NC II
c.) Carpentry NC II
d.) Driving NC II
e.) Electrical Installation Maintenance NC II
f.) Food Processing
g.) Pipefitting
h.) Small Metal Arc Welding NC II

These opportunities inspired those who cannot afford to attend regular classes
where most of the enrollees are single mothers, family providers, indigenous people (IP),
out of school youth, rebel returnees, unemployed individual, people under community
support or in conflict areas, displaced worker and persons with disabilities. They are very
interested in skills training for the reasons that after the training, they can be able to apply
for a job or put up their own small business. Some of them wants to have a livelihood,
thus, attending the training might give them the capacity to engage or have a venue for
them to earn money. There are some individuals who graduated in the trainings has their
own income already out of the product they produce. Some also have a job right now due
to the trainings they’ve attended.

Projections

Teacher and classroom requirement is determined using the standard of 35 pupils

under one teacher in a classroom. For the elementary level, assumption is 104%
enrollment participation rate. Immigration is one of the factors which contributed to the
increase of 4% participation rate. Other factor that may affect the increase is the school
participation of teenagers who wants to avail basic education.

Using the above standard, there would be enough teachers and classrooms up to
year 2025. However, by the end of the planning period in 2028, a total of 421 teachers
shall have to be hired and 421 have to be constructed to meet the needs of the projected
number of enrollees. See Table 3.78 as to existing number of classrooms and teachers
and its respective projections.

Currently, 40% of the school age population of secondary level enrollment belongs to
HNHS as shown in Table 3.79. Based on this data, projection maybe analyzed.
Considering the standard requirement of 1:35, there is a current need of 35 classrooms to
be constructed and additional 14 teachers to be hired to meet the standard. A total of 89
classrooms and 89 teachers are needed to accommodate the projected enrollment of
3,118 students at HNHS by year 2028.

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Table 3.78
Projected School-Age Population, Elementary Level
Enrollment and teacher-Classroom Requirement
San Fernando, Bukidnon

Year School-age Population Enrollment Requirement

Current Teachers Classroom
2018 11,477 11,888 399 358
Projected
2019 11,724 12,193 348 348
2020 11,976 12,455 355 355
2021 12,233 12,722 363 363
2022 12,496 12,996 371 371
2023 12,765 13,276 379 379
2024 13,039 13,561 387 387
2025 13,320 13,853 395 395
2026 13,606 14,150 404 404
2027 13,898 14,454 412 412
2028 14,197 14,765 421 421
Assumption:
Enrollment Participation Rate (EPR)
Teachers and Classrooms requirement 1:35
Possible increase of enrollment – 4% (based on the latest enrollment)

Table 3.79
Projected School-Age Population, Secondary Level
Enrollment and teacher-Classroom Requirement
San Fernando, Bukidnon

Year School-age Population Enrollment Requirement

(HNHS only)
Current Teachers Classroom
2018 6,301 2,545 (40%) 58 37
Projected
2019 6,436 2,574 73 73
2020 6,575 2630 75 75
2021 6,716 2686 76 76
2022 6,860 2744 78 78
2023 7,008 2803 80 80
2024 7,159 2864 81 81
2025 7,313 2925 83 83
2026 7,470 2988 85 85
2027 7,630 3052 87 87
2028 7.794 3118 89 89

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B. Goal

Provide quality education so that each become a self-reliant, productive,

responsible, and law-abiding citizen.

C. Problems, Cause and Impacts

Problems Causes Impacts

1. Insufficient number of - rapid increase - Overloaded of schedule

teachers and classrooms number of enrollees - Overcrowding
- pioneering - congested rooms
curriculum of senior - Makeshift rooms
high schools - Use of alternative but improper
areas.

2. Presence of Drop-out - Poverty - Forced labor

learners. - Unwanted pregnancy - No educational attainment which
- Lack of parental leads to jobless
support - Discrimination
- Lack of interest
- Transfer of residency
- Family’s tradition
and culture (early
marriage)
3. Absenteeism - Low nutritional - Low academic performance
status of children - Poor learning and reading ability
- Tardiness - Pupils/students belong to
- Babysitting identified non-readers.
- far distance from - Low self-esteem.
home to school - Addiction to mobile technologies
- Bullying
- Learners are
engaged in social
media and online
games.

4. No proper and - insufficient funds - Poor health and sanitation.

genderized comfort - Unhygienic learners
rooms and lack of/or
malfunction of potable
water system
5. No fixed perimeter - lack of fund sources - Learner’s and faculty’s safety is at
fence risk
- Damage of school properties.
- Uncontrollable escape of learners
during school hours.
- Illegal entries of stray animals,
outsiders, and thieves.

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 6. Lack of school - Increased of - overcrowding
buildings, facilities and population - Poor class participation
materials like school - Unavailability of
stage, chairs, tables, funds -Improper place for school
laboratories and programs and activities
computer rooms - no suitable place for laboratory
playground etc. activities
- low quality of education
- limited sports activities
7. Presence of learners - Parents are pushing - Low literacy
with special needs or the right of their PWDs - Low school participation rate
disability (PWD) to attend school - low educational outcomes
regularly until they
learn the basic skills
needed to maximized
their potentials

8. Difficulty of access in - hazardous terrain - teachers and learners are at risk

going to school and no proper road in especially during rainy season
going to school - absenteeism
- no funds available
for road construction
- no established
school in other remote
or isolated areas
especially those with
river access
9. Existence of non- - learners engaged in - low quality of education
readers social media and - low self-esteem
online games
- lack of parent’s
guidance and support

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D. Objectives, Strategies and Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Insufficient - To provide - Adapt time management
number of conducive learning - Conduct shifting school
teachers and environment. hours
classrooms - Conduct feasibility study
to support the request of
additional classrooms and
teachers.
2. Presence of - To build - Strengthening the
Drop-out transparency and support of the LGU in
learners. communication of providing assistance of
teacher-parent- livelihood programs.
learners relationship - Integrating of sexuality
and vice versa. education lessons in
- To uplift family’s schools to curb the
economic status incidences of teenage
pregnancy, population
growth and sexual
diseases.
- Conduct regular parents-
teachers meetings which
focus on the monitoring,
supporting and counselling
of children

3. Absenteeism - To eradicate the - Regular consultation of

malnourished pupil parents and close
- monitoring of pupil’s
nutritional status.
- Conduct barangay
feeding program to
lessen teacher’s burden
or class interruptions.

4. No proper - To improve the - Conduct a fund raising - Policy

and genderized good utility on the activities guidelines of
comfort rooms school to prevent - Tap LGU for the Comprehensive
and lack of/or disregard and avoid provision of buildings and Sexuality
malfunction of from cause of facilities Education.
potable water diseases.
system
5. No fixed - To provide safety - Conduct fund raising - Child Friendly
perimeter fence and security for activities for the School
learners construction of perimeter
fence
Enhance parent-teacher
relationship
6. Lack of - To enhance the Draft resolution address to
school buildings, capacity of the the House of

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 facilities and school in delivering Representative and
materials like good services in the Provincial Government for
school stage, community by the construction of
chairs, tables, ensuring the families additional classroom
laboratories and and learners - Conduct a fund raising
computer rooms attracted in the activities
playground etc. school facilities - tap LGU and national
and/or buildings office for the provision of
additional school buildings
and facilities
7. Presence of - To provide special - Assign or request PWD Friendly
learners with attention and additional teacher or School
special needs or consideration of Special Education (SPED)
disability (PWD) learnings among teacher to cater PWDs
disable pupils -
- To push awareness
to make schools not
just child friendly’
but also “PWD
friendly”
8. Difficulty of - to provide - conduct orientation to - formulate a
access in going improvements and the PTA on their roles and resolution and
to school comfort to learners, responsibilities MOA
teachers, parents, - organize the school
and stakeholders governing council as
- to strengthen the support system to PTA and
networking and school to let them feel their
linkages to internal big role in the school and
and external community
stakeholders so that - organize the alumni as
they will be aware partners in school
that the school development
needs their full - contact the landowners
support for the of possible site for road
implementation of construction.
school improvement
plans .
9. Increased - To provide the - conduct INSET Training - “No read, no
number of non- teachers with and LAC Session for move” Policy
readers trainings in terms of teachers - “ Every Child
teaching techniques - Encourage the teachers is a Reader”
especially in reading to enroll in master’s degree Program
to enhance professional - Continuing
development Education
- Strict compliance of the Program
policy

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

Provide quality education so that each become a self-reliant, productive,

responsible, and law-abiding citizen.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR

 Number of enrollees  Poverty

 Number of drop-out  Distance from home to
learners school
 Number of absenteeism  Family economic status
 Number of teachers  Parents-teachers
 Number of classroom relationship
 Peace and order situation in
 Number of non-readers
the community
 Parent’s lack of interest
 Early marriage and
unwanted pregnancy
 Culture and tradition
 Malnutrition

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Additional teachers,  Constant support from LGU

school buildings and  Livelihood assistance for
facilities families with low income
 Continuous  Sustainable feeding support
implementation of quality  Provision of reading centers
non-formal education  Construction of Perimeter
 Rigid practice of reading fence, genderized comfort
and provision of reading rooms, laboratories and other
materials building facilities
 Maintaining normal
nutritional status of
children
 Sustainable “Gulayan sa
Paaralan”


Ensure quality education.

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3.3.4 Protective Services

A. Situational Analysis
a. San Fernando Police Station
The grand venture in the maintenance of law and order requires a collaborative
effort between government agencies interacting in a common language of pronouncing
peace and progress. This evidently highlighted the fact that the competence and efficacy
of sustaining a common goal depends entirely in the productive relationship between the
working groups to achieve mutual result.
The local police station draws strength in the financial and logistics support from
the Local Government Unit. Paucity or insufficiency of the underlying factors seriously
handicapped and affects productivity and outstanding outcomes. In the business of peace
and order, the foregoing should not be undermined because this dilemma fatally strikes at
the operational and administrative backbone of the police.
A straight forward and direct evaluation of the present operational condition of the
police station will lead a common public in his best resolves that underneath speedy,
prompt, and diligent police service is the outlay of a reciprocated support from the
corresponding pencil posts.

San Fernando Municipal Police Station

b. Profile
San Fernando Municipal Police Station is located at the municipal site which
occupy a total land area of 500 square meters. It is attending to approximately 60,000
inhabitants throughout the twenty four (24) barangays stretching from the territorial
boundaries of the province of Davao del Norte, Valencia City, Municipality of Cabanglasan,
and the Municipality of Kitaotao.

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 The PNP San Fernando is compose of 36 police officers (PNP) wherein five (5)
are females. The station also appointed three (3) PNP civilian employees or Non-
uniformed Personnel (NUP) who are in charge of the administrative works and they are
the partners of the police officers in delivery of its service, not in a combatant way but as
clerks who manage the office and its paper works. With regards to PNP mobility, the station
has two patrol cars and one motorcycle which are all in good condition (See Table 3.80).
They activated an audible warning device and mounted in a fixed location to be used as a
curfew alarm every night at nine (9) o’clock in the evening. Police cars conduct regular
Ronda or nightly patrols especially those areas prone to possible dangers and ensure that
all areas are cleared from community residents especially those conducting group
gatherings to limit at curfew hour.

Table 3.80
Police Protective Services Data
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Type of Services Location Land Number of Vehicle Condition

Area Personnel
San Fernando Police Station Municipal Site 500 sq.m 36 – PNP 2- Patrol Car Good
3 – NUP 1- Motorcycle
Source: San Fernando Municipal Police Station
Legend: PNP – Philippine National Police
NUP – Non-uniform Personnel
As of the period, the local police station is partially suffering a depleted strength
brought about by the relief and re-assignment of personnel.
Maximizing outdated police paraphernalia, modesty accommodating an
assortment of complaints from the demanding public in a dilapidated working post, and
attending to regular operational police works and functions, the local police station make
the most out of the inadequate budget and support from the local counterpart.

c. Crime Situation of San Fernando

The municipality of San Fernando, in crime prevention, solution and control, is not
so much effective in relation to police service due to lack of personnel, equipment and
mobility in the enforcement of laws and ordinances most especially to cater hitches in far
flung barangays. The insufficient of supply through financial and logistics capabilities is a
big impact affecting police performance to address against criminality and insurgency.
In insurgency state, the municipality is presently confronted with communist
terrorist groups (CTGs) under Guerrilla Front 6 9GF 6) Coy Malayag, Former SYP 3
operating in the area of responsibility based in the gathered consolidated intelligence
information. Their presence is not so publicly emerging because of the Community Support
Program (CSP) initiated by 88th IB, PA, 56th IB, PA and 89th IB, PA who are friendly forces
in service in the area of San Fernando with the support of San Fernando Municipal Police
Station. Fortunately, even with their presence, the area of San Fernando is safe to live and
do business with.
Table 3.81 shows that there is only a slight decrease in crime incidences in the
municipality of San Fernando with 83 crimes committed in year 2018 from 85 incidences
in year 2017. Violation of special laws tops among the types of index crimes committed in
the municipality for year 2018 with 44 incidences, followed by Non-index crimes with 19
incidences and Crime against persons with 17 incidences. Crimes against property like

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robbery and theft are the least crime committed including traffic incidence specifically in
reckless imprudence resulting to homicide.
For the past three (3) years there are few number of children in conflict with law
reported in the authority as listed in Table 3.40. They are those under 18 years old who
comes into contact with the justice system as a result of being suspected or accused of
committing an offence. Highest record with 3 cases was recorded in year 2016 while in
decreased to 1 case only in year 2017.
The police to population ratio in San Fernando is only 1 policeman for every 2000
population. With these regard, incidences remains high when comparing the three
consecutive years because of the low police visibility in the municipality especially in the
rural areas. Police outpost that may be installed in strategic locations is also not functioning
because of the insufficient number of policemen that will be responsible for the
assignment. However, the DILG mandated all 24 barangays to appoint at least 20
barangay tanods that at the same time will also act as members of Barangay Peace
Keeping Action Team (BPAT) to assist the government in the maintenance of peace and
order in every barangays that cannot be catered by PNP, assist the PNP on their
operational functions/activities such as during disasters/calamities and in the enforcement
of law and ordinances. In case of threat of insurgency and organized crimes, friendly
armed forces likewise reinforce the PNP San Fernando.

Table 3.81
List of Crime Incidence for the last 3 Years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Year 2016-2018

Nature of Crime 2016 2017 2018

Against Persons
 Murder 16 7 10
 Homicide 2 4 3
 Physical Injury 4 6
 Rape 3 4 4
Sub- total 25 21 17
Against Property
 Robbery 4 3 1
 Theft 10 1 1
 Carnapping 3 2
Sub-total 17 6 2
Non-index Crimes
 Acts of Lasciviousness 1 1
 Alarms and Scandals 2
 Destructive Arson 2 1
 Forcible Abduction 1
 Grave Threats 2
 Direct Assaults 1 1
 Frustrated/Attempted Homicide 3 3 5
 Frustrated/Attempted Murder 2 6 11
 Frustrated/Attempted Parricide 1
 Frustrated/Attempted Rape 1 1
 Malicious Mischief 1
 Resisting Authorities 1
Sub-total 9 19 19
Traffic Incidents
 Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Homicide 2 2 1
 Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Physical Injury 7 3
 Reckless Imprudence to Damage to Property 1 1
Sub-total 10 6 1
Special Laws
 Anti-cattle Rustling Law 1974 2
 Anti-child Abuse Law 2 1 4

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  Anti-gambling Law (PD 1602) 1 2 6
 Anti-VAWC Act 2004 1 3 2
 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act 2002 7 20 4
 Comprehensive FA Law 4 1 3
 Illegal logging 2 1
 Illegal Numbers Game (Violation of RA 9287) 3 6 20
 Illegal Possession of Weapons 1
 Illegal Possessions of Ammunitions & Explosives 1
 Obstruction of Prosec. Of Criminals 1
 Omnibus Election Code of the Phils 1
 Prohibited Acts on Petroleum 2
 Unauthorized Alcohol Sale to Minors 1
Sub-total 24 34 44
TOTAL 85 86 83
Source: San Fernando Municipal Police Station

Table 3.82
Number of Children Below 18 Years Old in Conflict with Law, Past 3 years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Year 2016-2018

Child in Conflict with Law (CICL)

Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018
3 0 1
Source: PNP, San Fernando

Table 3.83
Total Number of BPATs by Barangay
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Year 2016-2018

Barangay 2016 2017 2018

Bonacao 20 20 20
Bulalang 20 20 20
Cabuling 20 20 20
Candelaria 20 20 20
Cayaga 20 20 20
Dao 20 20 20
Durian 20 20 20
Halapitan 20 20 20
Iglugsad 20 20 20
Kalagangan 20 20 20
Kawayan 20 20 20
Kibongcog 20 20 20
Little Baguio 20 20 20
Mabuhay 20 20 20
Magkalungay 20 20 20
Malayanan 20 20 20
Matupe 20 20 20
Nacabuklad 20 20 20
Namnam 20 20 20
Palacpacan 20 20 20
Sacramento Valley 20 20 20
San Jose 20 20 20
Sto. Domingo 20 20 20
Tugop 20 20 20
TOTAL 480 480 480
Source: PNP, San Fernando

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Table 3.84
Number of Existing Military Camps
San Fernando, Bukidnon
Year 2018

Location/Barangay Number of Military

Camps
Halapitan 3
Bonacao 1
Namnam 1
Kalagangan 2
Kibongcog 1
Dao 1
Total 9
Source: PNP, San Fernando

d. Needs and Priorities

The municipal site of San Fernando had made some changes in the site
development plan of the location. It is observed that the police station had obstructed the
entrance of the municipal gymnasium so it has been decided to construct new police
station building in a strategic location of the LGU-donated lots still within the municipal site.
Since the proposal is still on process, among the needs of the old station are the installation
and maintenance of security perimeter fence and the gradual rehabilitation of the police
building comes in utmost priority.

Strengthening the three (3) Tiered Defense System, security cannot be sacrificed
over neglectful delays and deliberate obstruction considering the unpredictable security
status of the area. Additional police personnel, office supplies and equipments, and patrol
vehicles, to include upgraded communication systems are likewise sought to improve the
working conditions and efficiency of the police. Lastly, the appropriate and prompt
allotment from the Local Government Unit to sustain the operational life-source of the
enforcing office should not be overlooked and should be taken into careful and judicious
consideration.

B. Bureau of Fire Protection-San Fernando

a. Profile

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in San Fernando is primarily responsible for
the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires and has the power to investigate all
causes of fires. BFP is also empowered to act as first responders to non-fire emergencies
such as providing assistance to victims of man-made and natural calamities as well as to
respond to emergency medical and rescue calls, involving technical skills and capabilities
in incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear elements, toxic and
hazardous material incidents.

In keeping with its mandate of protecting the communities against destructive fires,
BFP San Fernando has one fire station located at the poblacion of Brgy Halapitan with 7
personnel, firefighting facilities and equipment including two firetrucks both in good
condition which are subject to standard rules and regulations as promulgated by the
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). Ideally there must be one firetruck
for every 28,000 population based on the existing firetruck to population ratio being
prescribed by the bureau. As such, given the population of almost 60,000 in 2018, the BPF
of San Fernando have been ideally provided with two serviceable firetrucks. See Table
3.85.

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San Fernando Municipal Fire Station

Table 3.85
Fire Protective Services
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Type of Services Location Land Number of Vehicle Other Condition

Area Personnel
BFP-SF Building Poblacion, 600sq.m 7 2 - Fire truck 0 Good
Brgy.
Halapitan
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection-San Fernando, Bukidnon

b. Fire Incidences

Fire incidence in San Fernando was rarely occurred for the last three years which
mostly originated with electrical short circuit due to illegal practices of some commercial
establishments and even residential owners. Other incidences were due to vehicular fire,
intentional fire, grass fire and unattended open flame which were all recorded from urban
area of barangay Halapitan. See Table 3.86.

c. Duties and Responsibilities

Fire Station personnel are continuously conducting Fire/Earthquake Drills. BFP

also conducting Fire Safety Inspection on establishment with business permits to operate
and in government owned buildings to ensure that these establishments and buildings are
still in good condition and are not fire hazards. House to house inspections are also
regularly conducted in fire- prone areas. An approved Fire Safety Evaluation Clearance
from BPF is also needed in the compliance of building permit and Fire Safety Inspection
Certificate before the issuance of occupancy permit of all government and private
buildings.

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 Table 3.86
Fire Incidence for the Last 3 years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2016-2018

Origin Barangay Frequency of Occurrence

2016 2017 2018
Candelaria 1
Halapitan 1 1 1
1. Electrical short circuit Kalagangan 1
Little Baguuio 1
Namnam 1
2. Vehicular Fire/ Intentional Fire Halapitan 1
3. Grass fire Halapitan 1
4. Unattended open Flame Halapitan 1
TOTAL 3 2 5
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection-San Fernando, Bukidnon

C. Projections (PNP and BFP)

As shown in Table 3.87, based on the standard ratio of policemen and firemen to
population, San Fernando is very much inadequate to meet the requirements. The local
police force of the municipality needs additional 23 police personnel in the current year
2018 to meet the standard of 1 policeman for every 1000 population and an additional of
one (1) or two (2) policemen annually to meet the police force of 74 by year 2028 based
on the projected population of 74,021.

The BFP San Fernando has only an actual number of personnel of one fourth (1/4)
or 1 firemen for every 8500 population which is unideal to the standard requirement but
still able to cope with their task because of rare occurrence of fire incidences in the
municipality which also ideally provided with two (2) firetrucks. But to ensure the safety
and protection of all inhabitants from possible worst destructive fires, the station must
comply the requirement of additional 22 personnel to meet the standard ratio of 1 fireman
for every 2000 population, establishment of one (1) Fire Sub-station with adequate
personnel, upgraded communication and equipments and additional one (1) fireman every
year to meet the required number of 37 firemen by year 2028. Fire truck maybe added
with 1 unit for the future proposal of sub-station to reach the total of three units by year
2028.

Table 3.87
Projected Number of Policemen, Firemen and Firetruck
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Year Population Policemen Firemen Firetruck

Current
2018 59,837 36 7 2
Requirement 59 29 2
Need additional of 23 22 0
Projected
2019 61,124 61 30 2
2020 62,438 62 31 2
2021 63,780 63 32 2
2022 65,152 65 32 2
2023 66,552 66 33 3
2024 67,983 67 34 3
2025 69,445 69 35 3
2026 70,938 70 35 3
2027 72,463 72 36 3
2028 74,021 74 37 3
Standard Requirement: Policemen:1:1000
Firemen: 1:2000
Firetruck: 1:28,000

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D. Goal

Ensure public safety and internal security.

E. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

Problems Causes Impacts

PNP
1. Lack of protective - Lack of prioritization - Slow economic
facilities and manpower activities
2. Depleted strength of - retired, relieved and re- - greatly affects the
PNP personnel assigned PNP personnel operational
assigned at the local previously assigned at the effectiveness of the
police station local Police Station were not police to serve the
tactically replaced with new community
PNP members
3. Insufficiency of - Fiscal budget and logistics - Caused low morale
financial and logistics supports coming from the among the ranks and
support to sustain an higher office of the PNP area file of the PNP in the
unrelenting campaign often delayed and insufficient. station thereby reducing
against criminality and enthusiasm to
insurgency. accomplish the
assigned tasks.
4. Low technology and - lack of priority in the - Negatively affects the
obsolete/outdated deliberation of budget crime solution efficiency
police operational and crime prevention.
gadgets/paraphernalia.
BFP
5. Damaged building - Insufficient fire hydrants - Hindrance to
structures/ properties economic
progress
- Loss of lives
6. Difficult to achieve ideal - Long distance - Loss of lives and
fire response time properties

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F. Objectives, Strategies and Policies

Problems Objectives Strategies Policy

PNP
1. Lack of - Procurement/ - Request financial - Prompt release of
protective installation of support from the LGU budget allocated for
facilities and protective facilities and and NGOs the acquisition of the
manpower other police Follow-up logistic support police equipments
requirements from the higher
headquarters.
2. Depleted - Augmentation of - Request for additional - Assignment of
strength of PNP additional PNP PNP personnel additional personnel
personnel personnel - Organize, train and
assigned at the mobilize BPATs, Tanods,
local police CVOs, volunteers and
station other force multipliers.
3. Insufficiency of - Allocation of - Fiscal funds coming - Fiscal budgets
financial and adequate budget to from the LGU should be from the local
logistics support support the deliberated properly counterparts should
to sustain an administrative/ address the lingering be adequate with
unrelenting operational function problem the needs of the
campaign of the police - Constant enforcement.
against communication with the
criminality and local executives and
insurgency. legislative so that funds
intended for the
enforcement agency will
be released without
delays.
4. Outdated - Prioritize the - Allocate funds for the - Acquisition of
technology and deliberation of budget operational paraphernalia advance technology
obsolete through Municipal Peace and police
operational and Order Council equipments to
gadgets and (MPOC). deliver quality police
paraphernalia. - Educate personnel to services.
use and operate new
technologies.
- Send personnel to
seminars, schoolings and
trainings.
BPF
5. Damaged - Immediate fire - Request financial - Fiscal budgets
building response without support from the LGU from the local
structures/ delay, uninterrupted - Installation of fire counterparts
properties water supply for fire hydrants in fire prone
suppression areas
6. Ideal fire - Save lives and - Establishment of one (1) - Lobby resolution
response time properties fire sub-station with for lot donation,
adequate personnel and Brgy Council/ SB
equipments at Barangay Resolution
Namnam - Budgets for
acquisition/
erection of fire
sub-station

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G. Situational Analysis Framework

Police: Prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure
public safety and internal security
Fire: Prevent and suppressed destructive fires, enforce Fire Code and other
related laws, respond to man-made/ natural disasters and other emrgencies.

POPULATION FACTORS: DEVELOPMENT FACTORS:

 Urban-rural population  Existing protective services

 Age-group population and facilities
 School-age population  Location/distribution of
 Number of Household protective services and
 Populatio by ethnic groups facilities
 Religious affiliation of the  Poverty incidence of the
population municipality
 Total number of population
served and unserved

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Better services, facilities and  Additional technical skill

amenities trainings
 Accessible services and  Additionoal protective
facilities manpower services
 Improve living conditions  Additional facilities in strategic
location
 Programmed activities for
wider community participation.
 Productive activities
 Lower poverty incidence

Law enforcement, crime prevention and control, maintenance of peace and

order and ensure public safety and internal security.

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3.3.5 Sports and Recreation

A. Situational Analysis
A.1 Sports in Barangays
Sports development program in the municipality of San Fernando aims to promote
social bonding and encourages health way of living for everyone. This program is vital in
preparing the young population not only in academics but also in the field of athletics.
Sports development program offer opportunities for sports enthusiasts to avail
scholarships in college and be recruited to play in any distinguished sports competition
both in local and international events.
Clearly, sports can help reach one’s fitness goal and maintain a healthy weight.
Sports also have hidden benefits such as lowering blood pressure, decreasing risk of
developing early osteoporosis or any form of cancer later in life. It helps in healthy decision
making such as not drinking, not smoking, and not using prohibited drugs.
Engaging in sports develop self-confidence, discipline, sense of accomplishment,
opportunity to go through sacrifices, and often times divert one’s sadness or depression
to happiness and fulfillment.
In fact, in the absence of sports or the mere lack of physical activities, can result to
serious medical ailments like cardio-vascular diseases, diabetes and cancers.

San Fernando Municipal Gymnasium

In the municipality of San Fernando, all 24 barangays have their own covered
courts mainly used during local celebrations, barangay assemblies, and in sports activities
like volleyball, badminton, and basketball. However, the municipal gymnasium is located
within the LGU grounds in Poblacion, Halapitan usually utilized during bigger events. The
San Fernando Parish Church parking space is occasionally utilized as a basketball and
tennis court.

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A.2 Sports in School

Only few schools in the municipality have their own sports facility which caters to
their respected pupils and students. Other schools performed their sports activities to
available open spaces inside the campus but not actually suitable for such activities due
to its rough and partly elevated condition of plane.
Halapitan National High School is one of the few schools in San Fernando that has
sports facilities which caters 160 athletes and players of 12 different games/sports as
shown in Table 3.88. It has covered court for indoor sports and wide open field for outdoor
sports. Other sports like basketball and badminton are played in Municipal Gymnasium if
available.
Table 3.88
List of Sports Events (Boys and Girls)
Halapitan National High School
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Events Number of Participants

1. Archery 8
2. Swimming 16
3. Athletics 60
4. Volleyball 12
5. Sipak Takraw 12
6. Basketball 12
7. Boxing 8
8. Chess 4
9. Table Tennis 8
10. Badminton 8
11. Dancesport 4
12. Billiard 4
13. Dart 4
TOTAL 160
Source: DepEd, HNHS

A.3 Recreation

Sadly, there is no movie houses, amphitheaters, nor bowling alleys in San

Fernando. However, people from all walks of life residing in San Fernando very much
enjoy spending their free time, relaxing and singing using the “Video Singko” machine and
“Bilyaran” (billiard tables) found anywhere in all 24 barangays. The municipality may not
have high end recreational facilities and amenities but lucky and blessed enough with a
variety of numerous outdoor and natural recreational sports for the residents and visitors
to enjoy.
Eco-Adventure Park and Resort is LGU owned recreational area situated in Purok
1, Halapitan near Tigwa River, was opened last December 2015. It has a function hall that
can accommodate 200 guest, a huge adult swimming pool appropriate for lapping and a
kiddie pool where kids enjoy to swim and play. The construction of 2 family suites, 12
standard rooms and roof deck are currently on-going.
Among the natural and marvelous places one must visit in San Fernando is
Bunggalo. This is situated in Sitio Sta. Cruz, Halapitan approximately 4.4 kms from the
national highway with an elevation of 792 masl. This spot is famous for its sea of clouds
appearance best appreciated early in the morning. Bunggalo is like a natural view deck of

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San Fernando, wherein you can see lush greeneries of our municipality and even parts of
Valencia City and Cabanglasan.
The presence and existence of endemic flora and fauna in certain parts of San
Fernando opted the government to institutionalize the Conservation and Preservation of
Pantaron Range which encompasses parts of Barangays Nacabuklad, Magkalungay,
Namnam, Bonacao, San Jose and Cayaga. Scientists and researchers have proof that
there are nesting eagles in the mountains of Nacabuklad and endemic pitcher plants exists
in Mount Malimumu in Barangay Magkalungay, which is about 6 kilometers from national
highway and 944 masl. These places are potential recreation and educational spots for
trek lovers and mountain climbers.
The municipality of San Fernando is famous for its numerous waterfalls and clean
bodies of water. In the past years, the LGU was awarded by the Provincial Government of
Bukidnon – “Gawad Pangulo sa Kapaligiran” as the Cleanest and Greenest Municipality
with also the Cleanest and Greenest Body of Water entry, Supon River, found in Barangay
Nacabuklad.
Amazing waterfalls that people tend to visit for recreation and relaxation are found
in barangays Kalagangan, Cabuling, Matupe, Namnam, San Jose and Bonacao.

Table 3.89
Recreational Facilities/ Hot Spots
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

List of Recreational Facilities/ Location

Hot Spot
Video Singko 24 barangays
Bilyaran 24 barangays
Eco-Adventure Park and Rsort Purok 1, Halapitan
Mapawa Spring Resort Sto. Domingo (private owned)
Sam’s Resort Kalagangan (private owned)
Alacap Swimming pool and Cayaga (private owned)
Fishing Pen
Bunggalo Sitio San Isidro, Halapitan
Pantaron Range Nacabuklad, Magkalungay, Namnam, Bonacao, San Jose,
Cayaga
Mount Malimumu Magkalungay
Water Falls Kalagangan, Cabuling, Matupe, Namnam, San Jose,
Bonacao, Little Baguio
Supon River Nacabuklad
Bulikat, Malungon and Simsimen Kalagangan
Rivers
Mawie and Alas-as River Little Baguio
Balakayo River Namnam
Simpitan River Kibongcog
Magkalungay and Nabunturan Magkalungay
River
Balongkot River Candelaria
Dao River Dao
Inayaman and Kamunuan River San Jose
Pahilina-an River Cayaga
Kisapwat River Durian
Source: Sports Committee

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Numerous rivers that have been preserved became recreational hotspots for the people
of San Fernando. These includes Bulikat, Malungon and Simsimen Rivers in Kalagangan,
Supon River in Nacabuklad, Mawi-e and Alas-as Rivers in Little Baguio, Balakayo River in
Namnam, Simpitan River in Kibongkog, Magkalungay and Nabunturan Rivers in
Magkalungay, Balongkot River in Candelaria, Dao River in Dao, Inayaman and Kamunuan
River in San Jose, Pahilina-an River in Cayaga and Kisapwat River in Durian.
Other recreational sports usually visited by residents and guests are spring resorts
located in the different barangays of San Fernando. The recently opened private resorts
are Mapawa Spring Resort in Brgy Sto. Domingo, Sam’s Resort in Brgy. Kalagangan and
Alacapa Swimming Pool and Fishing Pen in Brgy. Cayaga. People from other places often
times visit these places because of their fresh clean water and cool breeze and ambience.
See Table 3.89.

B. Goal
Promote camaraderie and sustainable sports development.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

Problems Causes Impacts

1. Lack of sport facility for - Insufficient funds of LGU - Can cause accidents
other sport activities due to inadequate area
2. Lack of funds for sports - Not prioritized by LGU - Sports program and
and recreational recreational activities are
development limited.
3. No programs for other - insufficient funds - Individuals are focused
type of sports only on 1-2 types of
sports.
4. Other recreational - loss of interest of initiating - failure of participatory
programs are neglected committee interest of individuals
- failure of implementation - failure of fitness goal
5. No proper regulation - Not prioritized by LGU - addiction to social
regarding certain networking sites
recreational activities like - Destruction of
internet/gaming shops educational status of
students and pupils.

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D. Objectives, Strategies and Policies

Problems Objectives Strategies Policies

1. Lack of sport facility - To provide interest, - Additional
for other sport activities enjoyments and construction of
comfort through sports facilities to
availability of cater different sports
adequate sports and recreational
facility activities.
2. Lack of funds for - To prioritize - Provide
sports and recreational adequate budget for appropriate funds or
development sports and recreation budget in the sports
program that will help and recreation
raise awareness in sector of the
avoidance of social municipality.
inclusion rather bring
people of all ages and
abilities together for
enjoyment and
sustainability of well-
being.
3. No programs for - To conduct different - Initiate programs
other type of sports sports and allow rural that develop variety
inhabitants to of sports in the
participate that will municipality
lead promotion of - Conduct municipal
peace, tolerance and sports fest to invite
understanding by all sportsminded
bringing people people from all
together across barangays.
boundairies, cultures
and religions.
4. Other recreational - To empower people - Support the Sports
programs are by positively Committee in
neglected influencing individual initiating all sports
their self-confidence program and assign
and self-esteem personnel who
through sports and deserved to handle
recreation activities. such responsibility.
5. No proper regulation - To implement - Coordinate with
regarding certain regulation to address computer shop
recreational activities the engagement of owners and regulate
like internet/gaming social networking site ordinance regarding
shops issues. the avoidance of
- To promote health entry of students
improvement, and pupils during
prevention of diseases class hours and
and to save children’s implement closed
future from the door on curfew
invasion of hours.
internet/social
networking and online
game addiction.

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

Promote camaraderie and sustainable sports development.

POPULATION FACTORS: DEVELOPMENT FACTORS:

 Number of participants in  Location
rural areas in recreational  Sport and recreational
sports activities facilities
 Number of sports and  Budget allocation
recreational facility  Business involvement
 Number of interested
individuals with regards
to age, gender and
socioeconomic status.
 Number of limited sports
activities

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Active participation in  Additional sports facility
recreational sports
 Conduct of free sports
activities both from urban
classes/trainings
and rural areas
 Prioritization in
 Improvements of health
implementing sports and
and well-being of
recreational programs
individuals
 Strict implementation of
 Self-esteem and
avoiding students and
empowerment
pupils from computer
 Social support, time and shops during class
enjoyment
hours.
 Development of one’s
physical, mental and
social skills.


Improvement of physical fitness, fun, and social involvement of

individuals.

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3.3.6 Social Welfare

A. Situational Analysis

As of December 2018, there are 4,980 underprivileged families served throughout

the 24 barangays of the municipality of San Fernando. Out of this total, 4,290 are
beneficiaries of Regular Conditional Cash Transfer (RCCT) under the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps) wherein 1,527 are indigenous people (IP). It provides cash grants
to the eligible beneficiaries who are farmers, fisher folks, homeless families, IPs, those in
the informal sector, those in geographically isolated areas and those in areas with no
electricity. This is to improve the health, nutrition and education of children aged 0-18 years
old. There are also 690 IPs from selected 8 barangays served with Modified Conditional
Cash Transfer (MCCT-IP) of 4Ps. They are those families who are definitely poor and
more vulnerable and disadvantaged but are not covered of the RCCT because of their
being excluded in the enumeration of the National Household Targeting System as shown
in Table 3.91.

Other Social Welfare Programs and Services are provided to meet their needs.
The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office of San Fernando is manned by
three (3) regular personnel and six (6) job order employees serving all clientele throughout
24 barangays. There are 9,274 clientele served in year 2018. The number of personnel
could not suffice the number of clientele to be served considering the geographical location
of the area which comprises hinterland barangays of which 35% of its population belong
to indigenous families. See Table 3.90.

The Social Welfare Services focus on the welfare of needy families, children in
need of special protection and out-of-school youths, person with disabilities and older
person and families, children in armed conflict in several areas, and victims of natural and
man-made calamities.

Children in armed conflict are unreported but they are included in the programs
and services provided during the advent of armed conflict.

Table 3.90
Type of Clientele and Number of Population Served
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Type of Clientele No. of Population Served

1. Children (Early Child Care Development) 2,848
2. Supplemental Feeding 2,848
3. Children in Need of Special Protection (CNSP) 19
 Trafficking Children -6
 Abandoned/Neglected -5
 Sexually Abused -4
 Children in Conflict with Law -4
4. Disabled Person 293
5. Elderly Person 1,977
6. Mortuary Assistance to Senior Citizens 159
7. Aid to Individuals and families in Crisis (AIFC) 325
8. Marriage Counselling 135
9. Parent Effectiveness Service (PES) 200
10. Referral (Social Case Study) 25
11. Special Social Services to Solo Parents 127
12. Assistance to Victims of Natural & Man-made Calamities 318
TOTAL 9,274
Source: Municipal Social Welfare & Development Office (MSWDO)

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Table 3.91
Number of 4Ps and IPs Beneficiaries
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

4 Ps Program Number of Beneficiaries Total

IP Others
1. Regular Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) 1527 2,763 4,290
2. Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for IP (MCCT-IP) 690 - 690
Total 4,980
Source: DSWD San Fernando (4Ps Office)

There are 2,848 pre-school children served in year 2018 with Early Child Care
Development (ECCD) and prioritized for the provision of Supplementary Feeding daily for
120 days with a corresponding budget of 15 pesos per child per day. These children are
coming from 73 Day Care Centers (DCCs) which are located in the 24 barangays with 73
respective Day Care Workers implementing Day Care Service Program in the municipality.
This program provides for the basic holistic needs of young children aged 3 to 4 years old
and promote their optimum growth and development.

As shown in Table 3.92, out of the 73 DCCs, there are 33 concrete and semi-
concrete centers that are in good condition. The common problem of several day care
workers are the physical condition of its building which need renovation especially the
wooden structure. Some workers are hoping for a reconstruction due to extremely
dilapidated materials.

Others have no DCC building but temporarily occupy other establishment like
sitio/purok/SK hall depends upon its availability while some needs temporary closure in
the coming year due to unavailability of venue and resignation of DCC Workers that would
discontinue the participation of clientele of that certain area. DC workers who have
overpopulated clientele never find it as a problem because they have the option to shift 2-
3 classes a day to separate the population and to find it comfortable to the learners as well
as to the workers and parents.

Their only concern is the provision of a separate and well established Day Care
Centers in all barangays of San Fernando especially the remote and isolated areas to
cater the services of Early Child Care Development and Supplementary Feeding granted
by the government. Problems also includes the insufficient amount of DCC Workers that
eventually contribute to the decision of quitting the job.

Table 3.92
Day Care Facility and Clientele
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Number
Barangay Facility Type of Materials Physical Condition of
Clientele
1 Bonacao DCC Concrete Good 77
Bonacao 2 Nursery DCC Wood Nneed reconstruction 38
3 Kisayab DCC Semi-concrete Need renovation 65
Bulalang 4 Bulalang DCC Wood Need renovation 45
Cabuling 5 Cabuling DCC Semi-concrete Good 37
6 Nangka SNP Closed in 2019 30
Candelaria 7 Candelaria DCC Concerte Good 30
Cayaga 8 Cayaga DCC Concrete Good 61
9 Dao DCC Wood Need reconstruction. No CR, no feeding area 32
Dao 10 Kiranggel DCC Closed in 2019 24
Durian 11 Durian DCC Semi-concrete Good 48
12 Colon DCC Wood No comfort room, need renovation 36
13 Lagsoom DCC Wood Need renovation 25
14 Comawas DCC Concrete Good 63
15 Halapitan DCC Concrete Good 33

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 Halapitan 16 Malantao DCC Wood Need renovation 26
17 Nala DCC Concrete Good 34
18 Ilian DCC Wood Need reconstruction 37
19 Lawatano DCC Semi-concrete Need relocation and construction due to hazard 37
area
20 Comawas SNP Closed in 2019 26
21 Relocation SNP Closed in 2019 44
22 Purok 10 SNP Closed in 2019 19
23 Sulog DCC Semi-concrete Good 24
24 Macabongbong DCC Closed in 2019 31
25 Kasilaan SNP Closed in 2019 37
26 Purok 11 SNP Purok Hall, no DCC building 24
27 Halapitan SK hall SNP SK Hall, no DCC building 22
Iglugsad 28 Iglugsad DCC Concrete Good 60
29 Kalagangan DCC Wood Need reconstruction 105
30 Lugawon DCC Wood Need renovation 38
Kalagangan 31 Simsimon DCC Wood Need reconstruction 44
32 Balakayo DCC Wood Need renovation 28
33 Baugan DCC Wood Need reconstruction 58
34 Purok 7 DCC Semi-concrete Good 57
35 Kawayan DCC Concrete Good 53
Kawayan 36 Caminungahan DCC Closed in 2019 22
37 Spring DCC Closed in 2019 32
Kibongcog 38 Kibongcog DCC Concrete Good 66
39 Sagulayan DCC Semi-concrete Good 49
40 Tagalas-as DCC Semi-concrete Good 26
41 Lower San isidro DCC Purok Hall, no DCC building 32
42 Little Baguio DCC Concrete Need relocation due to hazard prone and near 61
of cockpit building
Little Baguio 43 Beverly Hills DCC Concrete Good 30
44 Kauswagan DCC Semi -concrete Good 33
45 Mawie DCC Wood Need reconstruction 37
46 Dumalig DCC Concrete Good but no feeding area 29
Mabuhay 47 Mabuhay DCC Concrete Good 60
48 Magkalungay DCC Concrete Good 48
Magkalaungay 49 Nabangkal DCC Wood Need reconstruction 40
50 Malambago DCC Wood Need reconstruction 69
51 Salinguton DCC Wood Need reconstruction 21
Malayanan 52 Malayanan DCC Concrete Good 34
53 Hilltop DCC Wood Need renovation 25
Matupe 54 Matupe DCC Concrete Good 65
55 Nacabuklad DCC Concrete Good 24
56 Bugca DCC Semi-concrete Good 19
Nacabuklad 57 Purok 7 SNP Purok Hall, no DCC building 23
58 Supon SNP Sitio Hall, no DCC building 13
59 Palayang bayan SNP Sitio Hall, no DCC building 18
60 Namnam DCC Concrete Good 53
Namnam 61 Calubog DCC Semi-concrete Good 25
62 Mahayag DCC Semi-concrete Good 36
63 Opis DCC Semi-concrete Good 50
64 Lugayaran DCC Wood Need renovation 21
Palacpacan 65 Bayog DCC Wood Need renovation 26
66 Palacpacan DCC Concrete Good 30
67 Sac. Valley DCC Concrete Good 29
Sac. Valley 68 Salolong DCC Wood Need renovation 27
69 Mahayag SNP Closed in 2019 17
San Jose 70 San Jose DCC Semi-Concerete Good 42
Sto. Domingo 71 Sto. Domingo DCC Concrete Good 46
Tugop 72 Tugop DCC Concrete Good 50
73 Riverview DCC Semi-concrete Good 23
TOTAL 2,848
Number of DCC in Good condition - 33
Number of DCC that needs renovation – 12
Number of DCC that need reconstruction – 12
Number of DCW that need DCC establishment – 6
Number of temporary closure - 10

Source: MSWD
Legend: DCC – Dy Care Center
SNP – Supervised Neighbor Play
SK – Sangguniang Kabataan

There are 19 persons who belong to Children in Need of Special Protection. They
are victims of child trafficking, abandoned or neglected, sexually abused and children in
conflict with law. The Municipal Social Welfare Development has the full force to ensure
the right of these children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition and special
protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation and other conditions

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harmful to their development. Victims are sent to Home for Girls at Cagayan De Oro City,
others are subject for adaptation but depends upon the situation. Sexually abused children
are provided with financial assistance for allowances, transportation and food during court
hearings. They are secured, cared, provided with basic needs and subjected for
counselling and values formation at San Fernando Crisis Center. Children in conflict with
law are referred to Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY) at Gingoog City, a
residential facility that provides intensive treatment for the rehabilitation of children in
conflict with the law (CICL) whose sentences have been suspended. These children
behaved in ways not acceptable to society but were given a second chance and right
interventions until they are reformed and eventually became responsible individuals.

The municipality has no established Persons with Disabilities Affairs Office (PDAO)
but as mandated by the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons, the MSWD San Fernando has
designated a competent PWD Focal Person, as privilege to equal opportunity to
employment, to facilitate the consultation of PWDs and perform the function of PDAO
within the office of MSWD. There are 293 persons with disabilities or 0.49% of the total
population are served in year 2018. These PWDs are able to avail of the programs and
services as well as the benefits and privileges under RA 10070.

San Fernando had established a Senior Citizens (SC) Day Center located at
Barangay Halapitan town center which cater the SC Federation. The municipality has a
latest number of 1,977 SCs or 3.30% of the total population who have availed of the Senior
Citizens Act Social Pension and served this year 2018. They were issued with SC IDs and
booklets as identity to be entitled to a 20% SC discount and exempted from the valued
added tax (VAT) on applicable goods and services for their exclusive use. As per
expansion of the SC pension coverage, there are 159 SCs provided with burial assistance
in year 2018.

A total of 325 individuals and families served with aid in crisis. They were provided
with basic needs like foods, clothing and shelter.

Parent Effectiveness Service (PES) was also provided to 200 parents. This is the
provision and expansion of knowledge and skills of parents including caregivers on
parenting to be able to respond to parental duties and responsibilities on the areas of early
childhood care and development of young and old children.

The office also served 25 clientele who need referrals by issuing them Social Case
Study reports to support their individual purposes as per requirements by charitable
institutions, burial services, government hospitals, non-government organizations and
court related activities that provide services to clients and patients.

As of December 2018, there are total of 127 solo parents issued with Solo Parent
ID as per mandated by the Republic Act 8972 otherwise known as Solo Parent Act of 2000
that provides benefits and privileges to solo parents or people who are the parents of their
children or relatives. These parents are those that are stand-alone solo parents in their
families because of marital separation, death of partner, and those whose income falls
below the poverty threshold as set by the National Economic and Development Authority.
The social worker receives and ensures that all documents are complete and applicable
to the requirements set by the law.

The victims of natural and man-made calamities were 338 in year 2018. They were
the victims of typhoon Vinta which hit the country last December 2017. Food supply
assistance were given to families affected at barangays Matupe, Kalagangan, Malayanan,
Sto. Domingo and Cayaga. Those partially and totally damaged houses where provided
with shelter assistance from the Department of Social Welfare and Development.

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 The existence of indigenous communities in the entire municipality needs special
attention and concern with various social services are intended to these type of clientele
group. There are lots of indigenous families living in the hinterland barangays were
deprived of basic services due to lack of manpower.

The social problems in the municipality is increasing due to its growing population
and in the advent of industrialization and modernization. The Municipal Social Welfare in
the implementation of its programs and projects needs a bigger allocation from the local
government unit and other funding institution to serve the needs of clients.

Projections:

For the next 10 years, Social Welfare clientele is expected to double by 50%.
Municipal Social Welfare Office served around 6000 needy families from all types of
clientele group and it is projected that after 5 to 10 years the Social welfare Office will be
serving twice the number of clientele due to increasing population. However, by this time,
it is expected that the Local Government Unit will prioritize the hiring of additional
permanent Social Workers to cater the needs of such clientele groups in order to attain
quality service. Programs/ projects and activities such as counselling, referral,
psychosocial process and other forms of assistance should also be included for the
rehabilitation of children in armed conflict. Family Drug Abuse Program and the
construction of Special Education Center for the minors and adults or Person Who Uses
Drugs should also be considered and included

B. Goal

Provide opportunities that will uplift the living condition and restore normal
functioning and participation of the less privileged families

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

Problems Causes Impacts

1. Lack of social workers/ - In excess limitation of the - Poor quality services
manpower required staffing pattern
2. Low family income - Lack of employment - Poverty
opportunities for unskilled, low - Family rely on
educational status, and low government assistance
esteem attitude

3. Lack of facilities and - Insufficient fund - Poor quality services

care givers to cater the - failure to implement
neglected and Child Protection Policy
abandoned, abused -
and children, out-of-
school youths and
children in armed
conflict
4. Inadequate programs - Insufficient number persons to - children’s behavioral
to enhance parenting provide Parent Effectiveness problems due to lack of
skills/ or sense of Service. parents guidance
-

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 responsibility as - Lack of trainings and
parents. seminars of service provider
5. Limited assistance for - Insufficient funds - Other victims are
the victims of natural - unexpected occurrence of neglected
and man-made calamities - Unfair provision of
calamities - no projections on number of assistance.
beneficiaries during destructive
calamities
-
6. Lack of Day Care - population growth - Poor quality and
Center Facility and - insufficient fund for facilities accessibility
workers and DCC worker’s honorarium

7. No PWD Center to - Insufficient fund - failure to meet PWD’s

cater to the activities of need for
PWDs socialization/product
display and more active
community involvement
8. Unreported/ - Unexpected occurrence of - Unidentified provision of
unattended children in man-made calamities needs
armed conflict particularly in armed conflict - Displaced individual
area - Aggressiveness
- Inadequate trained workers to - At risk of abuses/
continuously implement vulnerable trafficking
programs and activities - Low self-esteem
- Compulsive behaviors
- Problem in interpersonal
relationship
9. No concrete permanent - No permanent regular worker - Low self-esteem
building for Special assigned to implement - Health and mental
Drug Education Center Special Drug Education problem
(SDEC) for the minor (SDE) and Family Drug - Violent behaviors
and adults or Persons Abuse Program (FDAP) - Sleeplessness
Who uses Drugs - Depression
(PWUDS) - Anxiety
- Loss of self-control
10. Inadequate center to - Insufficient fund - Failure to meet the need
cater to the activities of elderly persons for
of elderly persons socialization and more
active community
involvement

D. Objectives, Strategies and Policies

Problems Objectives Strategies Policies

1. Lack of social - To provide quality and - Additional registered
workers/ manpower competent services in the Social Workers who can
community implement Social Welfare
Programs
2. Low family income - To provide sustainable - Conduct and implement
livelihood programs to sustainable livelihood
underprivileged families. programs that are

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 applicable in their
respective areas
3. Lack of Facilities - To provide special - Additional crisis center Child
and care givers to protection to disadvantaged facilities and care givers Protection
cater neglected, children and youth with - Conduct programs and Policy
abused and separate facility for male activities such as
abandoned children, and female counselling, referral,
out-of-school youths psychosocial process
and children in and other forms of
armed conflict assistance.

4. Lack of parenting - To expand knowledge, - Additional social

skills/ or sense of skills and appropriate workers for the conduct of
responsibility as attitudes on parenting Parent Effectiveness
parents Service (PES).
- Allocate budget for the
provision of trainings and
seminars among PES
providers.
5. Assistance for the - To provide, quick -Prioritization on the
victims of natural response, fair and plans and programs that
and man-made sustainable assistance to will support and sustain
calamities calamity victims the needs of calamity
victims
6. Lack of Day Care - To provide valuable - Additional construction
Centers support to families with of Day Care Centers
young children and to - Additional amount of
ensure the quality and Honorarium to Day Care
accessibility of services. Workers
7. Absence of PWD -To promote equalization - Establish PWD Center
Center of opportunities and to
provide comfort,
satisfaction and an area to
meet the PWD’s need for
socialization and more
active community
involvement.
8. Inadequate center - Promote equalization of - Improvement of elderly/
to cater to the opportunities to provide senior citizen’s center
activities of elderly comfort and safety to the
persons elderly population
9. No concrete - Provide better and - Conduct Family Drug
permanent building comfortable venue for Abuse Program
for Special Drug PWUDs to cater to their - Construct Special
Education Center rehabilitation and Education Center for the
for the minor and counselling. minors and adults or
adults or Persons Person Who Uses
Who uses Drugs Drugs.
(PWUDS)

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

Provide opportunities that will uplift the living conditions and normal
functioning of the needy families.

POPULATION FACTORS: DEVELOPMENT FACTORS:

 Population by barangay  Existing social welfare

and composition by age services and
group facilities/distribution of
 Population of social services and
indigeneous people facilities
 Population of household  Educational attainment
 Number of population of  Family income
entire municipality  Poverty incidence of
available served and entire municipality
unserved  Available social
amenities

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Accessible servcies,  Productive activities

facilities and amenities  Additional manpower
 Improve living conditions  Additional
 Better livelihood facilities/amenities
opportunities  Reduce poverty
incidence
 Planned and
programmed activities.

Existing living condition of needy families restored to normal functioning..

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 4

ECONOMIC
SECTOR

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4. ECONOMIC SECTOR

4.1 MAJOR SECTOR GOAL

Create a favorable investment climate for sustained environment-friendly agri-

based industry.

4.2 MAJOR SECTOR SWOT MATRIX

ECONOMIC SECTOR STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

 Industry 1. Available pasture land for 1. No stable marketing outlet

 Trade and Commerce livestock raising 2. Lack of post harvest
 Agriculture 2. Active Youth/ People’s facilities and limited farm
 Forestry Organization inputs
 Tourism 3. Availability of raw materials 3. Low supply of fishery
such as food and non- food products
processing 4. Lack of agricultural
4. Availability of non-metallic technicians
mineral resources 5. Limited marketing outlets
5. Rich soil for agricultural and no government price
production control
6. Vast agricultural and forest 6. Shortage of water supply
area for irrigation during dry
7. Established Community-Based season
Forest Management - People’s 7. High cost of farm inputs
Organization (CBFM-POs) 8. Lack of credit facilities
8. Scenic vistas potential for 9. Tenurial insecurity
tourism 10. Lack of Information
9. Organized farmers’ Education Campaign
cooperatives/ People’s (IEC) on the presence of
Organization Negosyo Center
10. Strong linkages among Non- 11. Less promotion and info-
Government Organizations drives to stakeholders
(NGO’s), National Government 12. Slow procurement
Agencies (NGA) and people’s process
Organizations/ investors 13. Slow project
11. Available Sloping Agricultural mobilization/ movement
Land Technology (SALT) 14. Less LGU support
12. Presence of Negosyo Center 15. Less promotion acitvities
13. Presence of unique natural 16. Inaccessible routes/
and cultural assets difficult roads to potential
14. Flagship program of the LGU sites
15. Open to researchers and 17. NO Department of Trade
studies (DOT) accredited
16. Presence of quality products accomodations
ex. bamboo crafts, banana 18. Less telecom
chips and other pasalubong infrastructure
products 19. Almost 50% of remote
17. Availability of technology/ barangays has no or
innovation facilities weak signal
18. Sufficient means of 20. Limitede LGU budget
transportation
19. Good access to major
highways
20. LGU initiated projects
21. LGU willingness to provide
budget for ancillary services

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OPPORTUNITIES SO STRATEGIES WO STRATEGIES

1. Precense of prospective 1. Promote or increase 1. Solicit funds from

investors from other agricultural production congress ad national
areas 2. Invite prospective investors government to finance the
2. National programs on from other area to develop procurement of PHP and
livelihood projects agro-industry provide credit facilities
3. Integrated Social 3. Promote SALT agro-forest 2. Hire additional agricultural
Forestry (ISF) development projects technicians
Program/CBFM 4. Soorce-out funds for 3. Promote SALT and ISF
4. Proposed irrigation livelihood projects or partner 4. Construction of CIS and
projects of NIA and with line agencies to irrigation facilities
DAR supplement livelihood project 5. Invite prospective
5. Food security programs funds. investors to provide
6. Road accessibility to 5. Develop potential scenic marketing channels of
market vistas for tourism agricultural products and
7. Existing tourist spots inputs
8. Availability of Credit 6. Develop potential mineral 6. Promote inland fishery
facilities resources program
9. Strong potential for 7. Strong imposition of Forestry 7. Promote Livestock raising
development of agro- laws & regulations.
industry 8. Organize/Strengthen Mun.
10. Strong potential for Forest Protection Committee
livestock and poultry 9. Respect customs & traditions
production of its community
11. Favorable climatic 10. Implement proper solid waste
condition management & segregation
12. Presence of good 11. Strengthen & support peoples
community relationship/ organizations / farmers group
involvement 12. Enhance the operation of the
13. Improving business Negosyo Center to
environment encourage and support local
14. Open for investors entrepreneurs and attract
15. Improved technology/ investments
innovation 13. Enhance product
16. Foreign grants/aid development for corn, abaca,
17. NGOs support/ rattan and bamboo-based
participation producrts.
18. National government
agencies (NGAs)
support
19. Presence of potential
investors

THREATS ST STRATEGIES WT STRATEGIES

1. Unstable peace and 1. Promote SALT on sloping 1. Modernization of

order situation areas agriculture: by identifying
2. Slash and burn farming 2. Rehabilitate existing irrigation Strategic Agricultural
at the hinterlands facilities and dis-courage illegal and Fishery Zones and
(kaingin) conversion of prime agri-lands focusing thereof needed
3. Soil erosion 3. Organize para-military units, production and post
4. Continued presence of establish quarantine stations harvest facilities to
settlements at the 4. Strengthen strong linkages optimize further farming
forest areas and among NGOs and Pos to activities in marginal
reserves establish agro-forestry projects areas
5. Extinction of wild life 5. Pooling of agro-forestry 2. Construction and
6. Practice traditional products, create and invite maintenance of farm-to-
values. sustainable market outlets market and barangay
7. Siltation of irrigation 6. Strengthen CBFM to develop road networks to help
sources more agro-forest and provide promote economic

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8. Deterioration of top soil necessary safeguard against activity and other
due to erosion encroachment. livelihood activities.
9. Denudation of 7. Establish linkages with
watersheds investors / Pos./NGOs and
10. Insurgencies other sectors of the society to
11. Flooding address issues on climate
12. Drought change, extinction of wildlife,
13. Poachers etc
14. No detailed data of 8. Organize the San Fernando
tourist arrivals Municipal Price Coordinating
15. Intruders Council to address the issue of
16. Breach of contract high cost of farm inputs and
17. Resistance from stabilize the prices of basic
affected populace/ IPs necessities and prime
18. Recruiters commodities during calamities

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4.3 ECONOMIC SUB-SECTOR STUDIES

4.3.1 INDUSTRY

A. Situational Analysis

As of year 2018, the municipality of San Fernando has an industrial area of nine
(9) hectares which allocated mostly for agricultural purposes. All industrial establishments
operating in the municipality are non-pollutive and scattered in different areas of the 24
barangays.

Agro-industrial activities includes rice-mill, corn-mill, cassava chipper and

granulator, poultry, and piggery. Other establishments are engaging in construction
industry like sand, gravel and hollowblocks factory. There are also environmentally related
industries in the municipality like, saw mill, abaca buy and sell, plant nursery and rattan
supply. Some industries served for the power, gasoline and water supply consumption in
the community. See Table 3.93.

Cottage industries also occurred in the municipality which related to furniture,

handicraft, food processing, tailoring, wood moulding and transport services as shown in
Table 3.94.

Historically, traditional industries in a household set-up prospered in the

municipality. Bamboo and rattan furniture were once a profitable industries 20 years ago.
But there was a gradual loss of bamboo furniture’s market and end of rattan furniture as
years passed by due to existence and proliferation of surplus markets which sells at a very
low cost, plastics and synthetic wares, and wood, glass and steel furniture combination
that mostly preferred by most clients because of its modernized built and design, longer
life span and less maintenance requirement.

Rice mill and Cassava Assembler @ Purok 9, Halapitan, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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Table 3.93
Inventory of Existing Industrial Establishment
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Barangay Type of Industrial Establishment Number of Establishment

Bonacao Rice mill 2
Cayaga Rice mill 3
Dao Mining 1
Rice mill 1
Durian Corn mill 1
Cassava Chipper 1
Rice mill 5
Halapitan Corn mill 5
Hollow block Factory 2
Poultry 1
Piggery 1
Saw mill 1
Abaca buy and sell 1
Plant Nursery 1
Water Refilling Station 3
Iglugsad Corn mill 1
Rice mill 2
Kalagangan Corn mill 2
Quarry (Sand and Gravel) 1
Rattan Supply 1
Cassava Granulator 1
Kawayan Rice mill 2
Kibongcog Solar Power Panel 1
Little Baguio Rice mill 3
Corn mill 3
Mabuhay Rice mill 1
Corn mill 2
Diesel Power Panel 1
Magkalaungay Rice mill 1
Malayanan Rice mill 1
Corn mill 1
Matupe Corn mill 1
Nacabuklad Cassava Chipper 1
Rice mill 4
Namnam Corn mill 1
Quarry (Sand and Gravel) 1
Plant Nursery 1
Solar Power Panel 1
Palacpacan Rice mill 2
Solar Power Panel 1
Sacramento Valley Corn mill 2
Sto. Domingo Rice mill 2
Corn mill 1
Tugop Corn mill 1
TOTAL 62
Source: Department of Agriculture, and Business Permits and Licensing Office

Most plastic industries now are copying the image of rattan structure made of
plastic materials. On the other hand, Bamboo handicraft is now on high demand and as
one of the pride of San Fernando because of its modernized and newly improved models,
uniqueness, environmentally detailed structure and other linking materials that provides
multiple purposes which is useful and in demand for the interest of cultural preservation of
clients in the municipality and several provinces of Mindanao. Promotion of these product
are now hitting its demand gradually.

Compradors or buyers of these traditional products were coming from nearby cities
like Valencia and Malaybalay but the number declined as years passed by. Fortunately,
the municipality’s rattan supplier of barangay Kalagangan preserved the existence of
rattan raw materials despite the problems encountered like underdeveloped
establishment, lack of finance for equipments and machineries for material furnishings,

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long process and lots of requirements for the rattan permittees and no proper support from
the government and private sectors.

This caused failure to meet the demand of several buyers from other cities and
provinces including Visayas and Luzon areas that need the said raw product to provide
cultural richness of client’s building design furnishings, national culture preservation and
even international export investments.

Doraemon Water Refilling Station Aqua Shekinah Water Refilling Station

@ Purok 3 of Barangay Halapitan @ Purok 1 of Barangay Halapitan

Table 3.94
Inventory of Existing Cottage Industries
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Barangay Type of Industrial Establishment Number of

Establishment
Bonacao Banana Chips Production 1

Bamboo Handicraft 1
Halapitan Glass Shop 1
Wood moulding shop 1
Transport Service for a fee 3
Tailoring Shop 2
Little Baguio Bamboo Furniture Shop 3
Wood Furniture Shop 2
Mabuhay Transport Service for a fee 1
TOTAL 15

Source: Department of Agriculture (DA),

Business Permits and Licensing Office (BPLO)

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 OJ’s Arts and Crafts
@ Purok 9 of Barangay Halapitan
Operation Area
Store

Display Area Trade Expo (Product Exhibit)

@ Valencia City

6 out of more than 150 product designs

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 Villagracia Glass and Aluminum Supply Ekit Bamboo Furniture Shop
@ Purok 1 of Barangay Halapitan (Display Area)
@ Barangay Little Baguio

Rama Bamboo Furniture Shop Rama Bamboo Furniture Shop

(Operation Area) (Display Area)
@ Sitio Lagsoon of Barangay Halapitan @ Sitio Lagsoon of Barangay Halapitan

The community is now enjoying the supply of mineral and purified potable drinking
water through the establishment of water refilling stations in barangay Halapitan that
supplies other nearby barangays in a very affordable price. The diesel by-product power
plant in Barangay Mabuhay is already fully furnished and is now on the preparation to
operate, supply and sell power for electricity demand of First Bukidnon Electric
Cooperative (FIBECO) that allocate electricity consumption of the province of Bukidnon.
There are functional solar power panels established in 3 remote areas of barangays
namely Kibongcog, Palacpacan and Namnam that generated more or less 20 households
per barangay. These power plants are free of charge and no monthly collection granted
by the Electrification Program of the Department of Energy.

The municipality has small and medium scale industires that are mostly agri-
related. These are non pollutive rice mill, corn mill and cassava chipper and granulator
with a range capitalization of 50,000-300,000 pesos employing a range of 2-12 persons.
Products of these establishments are for local consumption. Chipped/granulated cassava
are transported and sold to the wheat/flour factory located at the municipality of Manolo
Fortich. Abaca farming is potential in Barangay Bulalang that contributes to the functional
abaca buy and sell establishment of Barangay Halapitan. Compradors or buyers of this
products are coming from outside places including Visayas and Luzon.

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Power Plant @ Barangay Mabuhay, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Banana chips production is one of the potential household industry in San

Fernando located at barangay Bonacao. The owner started in various trainings offered by
TESDA which was conducted in the said barangay then the skill was gradually developed
and begun establishing the business by growing a banana plantation then the fruits were
processed for banana chips production which do not necessitate high manufacturing cost.
Likewise, the income is immediate. Free but limited orientations, seminars, and trainings
were regularly attended by the owner conducted by the Department of Trade and Industry
to enhance the marketing and packaging strategies of the owner. The product is now
exhibits in San Fernando Negosyo Center and is distributed in high demand in the market
and other food establishments in the municipality. This is also exported in other cities and
municipalities of the province of Bukidnon and now starting promoting the product in
Cagayan de Oro City.

The most common factor that affects the up and down trends of agri-industries is
climate change that happen to cause destruction of raw products during growing and
harvesting. Other factor is the unawareness of the advancement of technology that might
help improve for the enhancement of products due to limited offers of trainings, seminars
and orientations.Another potential household industry is the transportation services for a
fee, like truck for hire, that accommodate the transport of different exportable food and
non-food products to other places with high market demand especially in cities and other
provinces.

Needs

There is no further development in this sector particularly in the agri-industry sector

due to lack of marketing strategies to enhance and promote the individual products of the
municipality. There is also a need to revive and enhance the traditional household
industries by way of assisting household operators in seeking for markets of their products.
Training programs must also continuously implemented for the upgrading of skills and
talents of those engaged in the household industries, for the improvement of their

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products, and for market compatibility. Lastly, there must be a need to provide financial
assistance for capital build up.

B. Goal

Promote agri-based industrial development in all potential and strategic locations

within the municipality.

B. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Gradual loss of - Lack of support from the - Decrease of
traditional industries government and private sectors income
- Lack of skills training among - Loss of rare kind of
operators traditional
- Existence of surplus markets, industries like
plastic, synthetic and glass wares rattan and bamboo
that sells at a very low price raw products
- Low entrepreneurial capacity
2. No further development - Absence of advance technology - No investors
in industry sector in some areas - Low income
particularly in the agri- - Lack of provision of area for - Limited production
industry expansion
- No interest of commercial
livestock
- Climate change
- No alternative techniques like
engaging in new crops that are
suitable in agricultural areas.
- No product development for corn,
abaca, rattan and bamboo

D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Gradual loss of - To revive and - Enhance the operation of the
traditional enhance traditional Negosyo Center to encourage
industries household industries and support local entrepreneurs
and help them find for and attract investments
markets of their - Enhance product development
products for rattan and bamboo products.
2. No further - To provide areas for - Invite prospective investors
development in agro-industrial from other area to develop
industry sector expansion agro-industry
particularly in the - To encourage - Construction and maintenance
agri-industry commercial livestock of farm-to-market and barangay
production road networks to help promote
- To provide a good economic activity and other
business atmosphere livelihood activities
to attract investors

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Promote agri-based industrial development in all potential and strategic

locations within the municipality.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Number of compradors or  Changes in society and
buyers culture, business, and
 Number of existing market
household industiries  Advancement in technology
 Number of existing  Climate change
population engage in agro-  Increasing emphasis in
industrial and industrial sustainable environmental
establishments practices
 Policy, and regulatory
requirements.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Sustainable livelihood  High standard of marketing
and better employment strategies to enhance and
 Upgrade of skills and promote the individual
talents of those engage products of the municipality
in industrial activities.  More skills training program
 Provision of financial
assistance for capital buil-up

Intensify small scale craft and agri-based industries and develop marketing
strategies

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4.3.2 TRADE AND COMMERCE

A. Situational Analysis

The municipality of San Fernando is only 31 kilometers away from Valencia City,
province of Bukidnon but it is traversed by a national road connecting Valencia City and
several municipalities of the province of Davao del Norte like Kapalong and Tagum City.
Commercial activities like wholesale and retail are largely concentrated in the Barangay
Halapitan, the only urban area of San Fernando where commercial establishments are
mostly located as shown in Table 3.95.

Table 3.95
Inventory of Commercial Areas
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Commercial Areas Location Type of Services

San Fernando Public Purok 5, Halapitan Market services: fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, rice, cellphone
Market accessories, small lottery, carenderia, groceries, dry goods, RTWs,
San Fernando Eco Purok 1, Halapitan Swimming pool, function hall,
Tourism park
Jalalon General Purok 3, Halapitan Grocery, hardware, school supplies, beverage dealer
Merchandise
Malbasias General Purok 3, Halapitan Grocery, hardware, meat shop, pharmacy, buy and sell (corn),
Merchandise RTWs, plastic ware, beverages dealer, tea shop
Hallasgo Commercial Purok 5, Halapitan Hardware, Optical Clinic, Ukay-Ukay, Sari-sari, RD Pawnshop
Rabago Store Purok 6, Halapitan Grocery, bakery, school supplies,
Navarro Commercial Purok 6, Halapitan Pawnshop, Cellphone and accessories, rice retailer, 7/11
Convenience Store
First Valley Bank Purok 5, Halapitan Rural bank
M-art Bakeshoppe Purok 5, Halapitan Bakery, Letchon manok, Cakes and Pastries
Glucose Ading’s Sweet Purok 5, Halapitan Fastfood, Snack Inn, Cakes and Pastries
Delicacies
Dagaang Commercial Purok 5, Halapitan Motorcycle dealer, carenderia, furniture shop, Veterinary clinic,
boarding house
Rabago fuel station Purok 5, Halapitan Gasoline refilling station, cafeteria,
Onting Commercial Purok 6, Halapitan Bakery, Cellphone and Accessories, Ukay-Ukay
Adajar store Purok 5, Halapitan Grocery, hardware, school supplies, agrivet supply, rice retailer,
RTWs, plastic ware
Yong-yong Commercial Purok 6, Halapitan RTWs, plastic ware, appliances, toy store
Florido Commercial Purok 3, Halapitan Money remittance, water refilling station,
Gil Maghinay Kalagangan Agrivet supply, ukay-ukay
Commercial
BYB Gasoline Station Namnam Gasoline refilling station, construction firm
AGT Petroleum Purok 5, Halapitan Gasoline refilling station
Purok 1, Halapitan
Lucky Fuel Station and Purok 1, Halapitan Gasoline refilling station. Convenience store, restaurant
Lucky Hives Purok 9, Halapitan
Asia SK Son Purok 4, Halapitan RTWs, Grocery, Utensils, etc
Corporation
Jimboy Agrivet Supply Purok 5, Halapitan Agricultural and veterinary supplies
Saint John’s Agrivet Purok 3, Halapitan Agricultural and veterinary supplies
Supply
FICCO Purok 7, Halapitan Coop
Pacqiuao Commercial Purok 5, Halapitan Pharmacy, convenience store, barber shop, restobar
Panadero Commercial Purok 5, Halapitan Fruit Stand, Laundry shop, Ukay-ukay
Lina’s Place Purok 4, Halapitan Hardware, agrivet supplies
Others
Source: MPDO

The one-storey central public market located at Halapitan has a limited area of
1000 square meters located beside the public bus/puj terminal having 50 stalls for different

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types of business that serves mostly of retail trading area of poultry products, rice, RTWs,
carenderia and sari-sari. There are 22 tables which caters for wet products like meat and
fish, and others for vegetables and fruits.. The limited area of the building cannot cater the
demands of other business resulting to the expansion of other business like agri supplies,
pawnshops, beverages, bakeries, fast food chains, rice retailers and other common
wholesale and retailer products adjacent to it.

There is an existing slaughter house but this needs reconstruction because of its
dilapidated structures including the building, functional component, and its equipments.
Livestock weighing scale is damaged and no longer serviceable. This affects the decrease
of collectibles of the municipality like fees for the use of the scale. Livestock owners have
the option to rent a scale from private individual who charged for higher rental fee and who
also offer paid service for butching activity when the public facility is not available for bulk
livestocks.
Commercial shops are mostly surfacing along the national highway providing
convenience to shoppers. There are also other commercial establishments surfacing along
the highway like gasoline and water refilling stations, rural bank, pawnshop, fastfood
chains, grocery stores, RTWs, beverage wholesalers, hardware, plastic ware, agrivet
supplies, and bakeries. There are also individuals who are producing at the same time
selling their products.
At present, there are 686 business existing commercial establishments in San
Fernando based on the the 2018 registration record from Business Licensing Office. For
the past five (5) years, records shows that the number of commercial establishments
granted with permits are increasing each year because of the influence of business minded
individuals from different outside locations who are willing to expand their business
services in San Fernando. Other reason is the increasing number of investors who have
been attracted by the opportunities found in the municipality like RTWs and other fashion
related products, gas station, remittance centers, hardwares, and other present demands.
These were able to employ hundreds of residents in the municipality. Table 3.96 shows
the list of establishments present in the municipality.

San Fernando Municipal Public Market @ Purok 5, Halapitan

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 Jalalon General Merchandise @ Purok 3, Halapitan Hallasgo Commercial Building @ Purok 5, Halapitan
(Hardware, Pawnshop, Optical Clinic, Ukay-ukay,
Sari-sari store, Rice retail)

Adajar Store, Hardware and Agivet Supply

@ Purok 5, Halapitan
Malbasias Store, Drugstore and Hardware
@ Purok 3, Halapitan

Onting Commercial Building @ Purok 6, Halapitan Asia SK Son Corp Commercial Building
(Ukay-Ukay, Bakeshoppe, Cellphone Accessories) @ Purok 5, Halapitan

Navarro Commercial Building @ Purok 3, Halapitan Convenience Store @ Purok 4, Halapitan

(Convenience Store, Pawnshop, Rice Retail)

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 Saint John’s Agrivet Supply Jimboy Agrivet Supply @ Purok 5, Halapitan
@ Purok 3, Halapitan

1st Valley Bank –San Fernando Branch @ Purok 5, Halapitan

FICCO –San Fernando Branch
@ Purok 7, Halapitan

Dagaang Commercial Building @ Purok 9, Halapitan (Motorcycle Dealer, Carenderia)

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 AGT Petroleum @ Purok 5, Halapitan AGT Petroleum @ Purok 1, Halapitan

Lucky Fuel Gasoline Station @ Purok 9, Halapitan

Lucky Fuel Gasoline Station

And Lucky Hives Convenience Store
and Dining@ Purok 1, Halapitan

Rabago Fuel Station @ Purok 9, Halapitan

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 Netcafe, School Supply and Hardware
@ Purok 5, Halapitan)

Paquiao Commercial Building

@ Purok 5, Halapitan
(Pharmacy, Barbershop, Restobar)

M-art Bakeshoppe @ Purok 5, Halapitan

(Bakeshop, Litson Manok, Dining)

Rabago Building @ Purok 5, Halapitan

(Glucose Snack Inn, Cakes and Patries)

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Table 3.96
Business Permits Granted for the Past 5 Years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2014-2018

No. Nature of Business 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

1 Agricultural supply 1 1 4 10 8
2 Agrivet supply 6 6 3 5 7
3 Amusement game 1 1
4 Bakery 14 10
5 Bakeshop 12 12 6
6 Balut retailer 2 2 1 1 1
7 Bamboo furniture 1
8 Barber Shop 2 2 3
9 Billiard Table 1 8 2
10 Boarding house 1 6
11 Burger station 1 1
12 Buy and sell (rice, corn, banana, craft, squash 15 15 10 42 30
13 Cafeteria 2
14 Carenderia 33 33 10 12 9
15 Catering services 1 1 1
16 Cellphone repair shop 1 1 2 1
17 Cellphone sales accessories 1 1 2
18 Chicken ala cart 3 1
19 Cigarettes 29 29 89 68 89
20 Chicken Peddler 1
21 Clinic 1 1
22 Cockpit 1 1
23 Coconut grinder 1 1 1
24 Coffee station 1 1 1 2
25 Computer shop 3 1
26 Concrete products 2 2 2 1 1
27 Contractor 3 1
28 Construction supply 1 1
29 Copy center 2 1 1
30 Corn mill 4 4 3 5 6
31 Corn Sheller 5 5 5 8 3
32 Crafts and Home furnishing 2 1
33 Cull retailer 1 1 1 2
34 Dried fish 2 2 2 2
35 Drinking water 1 1
36 Dry goods 16 16 14 27 24
37 Eatery 10 4
38 Educational Institutions 1
39 Egg dealer 1 1
40 Egg retailer 1 2
41 Electrical supply 1 1 5 3 2
42 E-loading 1 1
43 Fish peddler 1 1 6 17
44 Fish retailer 2 6
45 Fish vendor 2 3
46 Fried chicken retailer 1
47 Fruit retailer 3 2
48 Gasoline station 1 1 2 5 2
49 Glassware 1 1 1 4 2
50 Glass installer 1
51 General merchandise 1
52 Gown and Dress shop 1 1
53 Grinder 1 1 1
54 Grocery 2 3
55 Handicraft 1 1 1 1
56 Hardware 4 4 5 5 6
57 Hauling and trucking services 3
58 Internet Café 3 3 5 4 3
59 Junk shop 1 1
60 Lechon manok 5 3
61 Lending Investor 1 1 3 3 1
62 Livestock 1
63 Lodging House 1 1 1
64 Liquor 33 33 72 90
65 Lodging house 1 1 1
66 LPG retailer 2 1

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67 Lumber/stick dealer 1 1 1 2 1
68 Meat retailer 3 3 6 5
69 Meatshop 1 1 2 3 3
70 Micro Finance 1 2 2
71 Mini sawmill 2
72 Mini salon 1
73 Money changer 1 1
74 Money remittance 1 1
75 Motor parts 1 1 4 3
76 Motorcycles sales and services 1
77 Motor repair shop 2 1
78 Nursery 1
79 Operation of business rendering for a fee 36 36 2
80 Pawnshop 1 1
81 Pharmacy 2 2 2 3 3
82 Peddling 1 2
83 Peso net 13 10
84 Photocopier 1 1 1
85 Photoshop and printing services 1
86 Piggery 1 1 1 1 1
87 Plant nursery 1 1
88 Plastic ware 1 1
89 Power plant 1 1
90 Practice profession 1
91 Printing press 1
92 Process food 1
93 Private educational institution 1
94 Purified drinking water 1
95 Quarry 1
96 RC cola peddler 1
97 Refilling station 1
98 Repair shop 1 1
99 Rice mill 8 8 6 9 7
100 Rice retailer 7 13 12
101 Rural banking 1
102 Sand and gravel 3
103 Sari-sari 144 144 138 173 220
104 School canteen snack inn 1 1 2
105 Snack inn 2 5
106 School institution 1 1 1
107 School supply 1 1
108 Snack inn 1 1 3
109 Tailoring services 1 2
110 Tarpaulin printing 1
111 Transport service for a fee 21 4 4
112 Trucking services 1 1 9
113 Vegetable retailer 3 3 7 9 9
114 Video K 16 16 5 13 16
115 Vulcanizing shop 11 11 4 6 4
116 Water refilling station 2 3
117 Welding shop 4 4 4 8 4
118 Wholesaler 9 9 6 5
Total 428 428 409 683 686

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B. Goal

Strengthen trade and commerce in the community for possible global competitive
business investments.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Devolving condition of - Insufficient fund - Decrease in revenue in
the slaughter area slaughter area operations
2. Inadequate parking - No strict implementation - Unhealthy atmosphere of
areas in the central of road-right –of-way commercial and trading
business district and other easements activities.
private commercial - Commercial - Discomfort and
establishments especially establishments did not inconvenience to shoppers
along the national highway apply building permits and or consumers
no issuance of zoning - Discouragement to some
clearance. investors
- Congestion of roadway
due to double parking
3. Insufficient water supply - Lack of water source - Poor health and
- Insufficient fund sanitation
4. Inadequate commercial - Lack of investors - Slow economic activities
activities - Limited employment
opportunities
- Low income of families
5. Inaccessibility of market - Several sellers price their - Slow economic activities
products inorder to - Limited employment
maximize his/her profits opportunities
under the assumption that - Low income of families
he/she does not need to
worry about competition.
6. Limited number of - Relative peace and order - Slow economic activities
investors situation - Limited employment
opportunities
- Low income of families
7. Unreasonable cost of - High transportation cost - Slow economic activities
commodities - Limited employment
opportunities
- Low income of families
8. Disorganized and - No pricing competitions - Slow economic activities
discouraged business - Limited employment
sectors opportunities
- Low income of families

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D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Devolving - To serve with - Close monitoring and -
condition of adequate services regular maintenance of
the slaughter and facilities and at slaughter area and the
area the same time help facilities inside it.
increase economic
growth
2. Inadequate - To provide enough - Strict imposition of - Zoning
parking areas parking spaces and zoning ordinance Ordinance
in the central meet the needs of the regarding setback
business drivers as well as the compliance to all
district and safety and comfort for business establishments
other private both costumers and especially along the
commercial business owners national highway
establishments
especially
along the
national
highway
3. Insufficient - To provide better Locate suitable water
water supply health and sanitation sources and install
to business sector high standard potable
water system
4. Inadequate - To be able to invite - Provide tax incentives - Sangguniang
commercial outside investors Bayan to issue
activities resolution
ordinances to enact
tax incentives
5. Inaccessibility - To secure more - Establish more - Sangguniang
of market establishments or “bagsakan” centers Bayan to issue
“bagsakan” center resolution ordinance
to allocate funding
for the
establishment of
“bagsakan” center
6. Limited - To promote free entry - Provide tax incentives - Sangguniang
number of of investors Bayan to issue
investors resolution
ordinances to enact
tax incentives
7. Unreasonable - To encourage first - Offer first land supplier - Sangguniang
cost of land supplier to engage a tax free atmosphere Bayan to issue
commodities in the municipality resolution
ordinances to enact
tax incentives
8. Disorganized - To promote healthy - Encourage small -Sangguniang
and competitions among business establishments Bayan to issue
discouraged businesses to engage in wholesaler resolution
business business. ordinances to enact
sectors tax incentives

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Strengthen trade and commerce in the community for possible global

competitive business investments.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Number of population  Types of commercial activities
 Number of business owners  Growth of commercial
 Number of employed activities
individuals inluding in the  Presence of infrastructure
labor force support facilities
 Number of private investors  Emergence and number of
specialiation shops
 Shoping trends within rthe
municipality
 Nerw technologies or new
manufacturing methods
brought about by the standard
of living

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Adequacy of existing  Efficiency of support facilities
commercial service centers to all commercial
to serve the municipal establlishments especially the
population market and slaughter area
 Adequacy of water  Need of financing source for
requirements commercial development
 Needs of population for  Specific type of commercial
certain facilities/services activities that would require
 Need for a particular future expansion/
manpower skill based on the development
existing trends/demands of  Possible location site for
the commerce and trade future commercial
sector. development/ expansion

Intensify small scale craft and agri-based industries and develop marketing
strategies

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4.3.3 AGRICULTURE

A. Situational Analysis

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) Situationer:

a) Land Tenure Support Program (LTSP)

Republic Act (RA) No. 9700 which amends RA No. 6657, provides for among
others, the continuing acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands covered under
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and the simultaneous provision of
Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Development Support Program (ARBDSP).

The Agrarian Reform Program is founded on the right of the farmers and regular
farm workers, who are landless, to own directly or collectively the land they till. The
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon has a total land area of 82, 162 hectares of which
the total land acquisition and distribution scope of target, a magnitude of more or less
6,218 hectares. This covers the 17 Barangay of San Fernando which has a CARP targeted
landholdings; a total of more or less 2,538.78 hectares is the municipal CARP scope and
about more or less 3,679.22 hectares classified as Non-CARPable and problematic areas.
See table 3.97.

Table 3.97
Agrarian Reform by Type of Area and Number of Farmer Beneficiaries
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Total CARPable Commulative (as of Total Total

Land Area December 2018) Number of Number of
Land Type by Phase Area (Working Agrarian Agrarian
(Scope Scope in Accomplished Balance Reform Reform
in Ha.) Ha.) (Ha.) (Ha.) Beneficiaries Beneficiaries
benefited to benefit
a. OLT N/A
b. PAL : >50 has. None
1. VOS
2. VLT/DPS
3. CA
c. Private Agri-lands None
(PAL), 24-50 has.
1. VOS
2. VLT/DPS
3. CA
d. PAL: <24 ha.
1. VOS 364.45 364.45 352.79 11.65 207 6
2. VLT/DPS 1,758.18 1,758.18 1,758.18 - 1,095 -
3. CA 152.28 152.28 18.34 133.93 13 191
e. GFI 47.67 47.67 20.13 27.54 17 14
f. GOL/KKK 216.20 216.20 165.21 50.99 104 37
Total 2,538.78 2,538.78 2,314.66 224.11 1,436 248
Legend: OLT - Operation Land Transfer
PAL - Private Agri-lands
VOS - Voluntary Offer to Sell
VLT/DPS - Voluntary Land Transfer/ Direct Payment Scheme
CA - Compulsory Acquisition
GFI - Government Financing Institution
GOL/KKK- Government-owned Lands/ Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran
Source: Municipal Agrarian Reform Officer

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b) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Development Support Program (ARBDSP)

The Agrarian Reform Development Support Program division of Department of

Agrarian Reform (DAR’s) role is to complement the Land Tenure Support Program; aim to
support the DAR’s framework to accelerate production, farm household income and
empower our Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) to become self-reliant; to create a
socio-economic transformation of Agrarian Reform Communities (ARC); and enjoy
political, economic and social stability. It is in Agrarian Reform Program that serve as the
main tool for poverty alleviation and empowerment.

Success won’t be maximized without the partnership forged by concerned groups

who want to help the Municipality of San Fernando constituents to become self-reliant,
empowered and substantially contributed to the total development of the country.

Agriculture

Based on Table 3.98 and 3.99, as of year 2018, the total agricultural land area
devoted to production is 12,949.16 hectares or 15.76% of the total municipal land area.
Out of the 12 industrial and high value crops, corn is the major crop planted by farmers
with 5,988.53 hectares gaining an average crop production of 4,500 kilograms per hectare
followed by rice with 2,591.21 hectares obtaining an average crop production of 5,000
kilograms per hectare, sugarcane with 2,228.39 hectares attaining an average crop
production of 60,000 kilograms per hectare.

Out of the total hectares devoted to corn, 69.94 % or 4,188.38 hectares is planted
with sige2x variety and the rest 30.06% area is planted with hybrid seeds. This is because
the sige2x variety is much cheaper than the hybrid seeds and is locally available. Most of
the areas planted with corn are in hilly areas with more than 12% slope and don’t have
irrigation system.

In terms of rice, the major staple food of the Filipino, out of the total area, 1,688.17
hectares or 65.15% is with irrigation funded under the National Irrigation Administration
(NIA), Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Soils and Water Management and some areas
are Communal Irrigation System runned by the Farmers Association. About 34.84% or
903.04 hectares are rainfed areas and upland rice areas without irrigation and the only
source of supply is rainwater.

The major problems faced by the farmers are the low production of their farm
produce due to high prices of farm inputs and some areas with no irrigation facilities that
can affect the crops optimum production especially in month with prolong dry season.
Other problems are labor shortage and low mechanization rate, lack of pre and post-
harvest facilities especially in corn, high transportation cost especially in remote areas with
poor farm-to-market roads and lack of capital of marginal farmers.

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Table 3.98
Area devoted to Agricultural Production
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

% to Total Agricultural % to Total of

AREA
CROPS Land Devoted to Crop Municipality's
(ha)
Production Land Area
1 Corn 5,988.53 46.25 7.29
2 Rice 2,591.21 20.01 3.15
3 Sugarcane 2,228.39 17.21 2.71
4 Rubber 1,200.47 9.27 1.46
5 Abaca 259 2.0 0.32
6 Banana 215.45 1.66 0.26
7 Coconut 177.0 1.37 0.22
8 Cacao 171.30 1.32 0.21
9 Coffee 80.06 0.62 0.10
10 Cassava 14.92 0.12 0.018
11 Oil Palm 14.28 0.11 0.017
12 Pineapple 8.55 0.07 0.010

Total Agri land devoted to crop production 12,949.16 100% 15.76%

Total land area of the municipality 82,162

Source: Provincial Farmers Information System(PFIS), LGU San Fernando

Table 3.99
Major Agricultural Commodities
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Commodity Production Area (ha) Production (kg/ha)

Corn 5,988.53 4,500
Rice 2,591.21 5,000
Sugarcane 2,228.39 60,000
Source: DA

Based on Table 3.100, most type of Irrigation facilities present in our locality is the
Small Diversion Dam (SDD) which covers Barangays Little Baguio, Nacabuklad,
Halapitan, Mabuhay, Candelaria, Kawayan, Bonacao, Namnam and Iglugsad.

The recipients of this irrigation facilities are the different Farmers Associations who
have their own implementing rules and regulations regarding the scheme in the collection
of irrigation fee to be used for the repair and maintenance of irrigation facilities.

More than half of the total rice area or 65.15% is already with irrigation facilities
while the remaining 34.84% have no irrigation yet and depends only on rainfed facility.

Some Barangays have Communal Irrigation System, they are small scheme
irrigation and constructed, operated and maintained by private individuals or group with or
without assistance by NIA or other government agencies. They have potential water
source and is now being surveyed by NIA and DA-BSWM for possible funding for Irrigation
Facilities.

Solar-Powered Irrigation System (SPIS) is also one of the alternative ways in

irrigating the areas with potential water source but don’t have irrigation facilities yet. One
of the recipient of this new technology is the farmers of Purok 11, Halapitan, San Fernando,

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Bukidnon. It is expected to finish on 2019. The Municipal Agriculture Office is currently
surveying areas potential for the construction of SPIS.

Irrigation facility is very important to boost crop production in order to have higher
yield thus increasing the income of marginal farmers.

Table 3.100
Irrigation Facilities by Area Covered and Location
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Area Covered
Type of Irrigation Facilities Location
(Ha)
1 SMALL DIVERSION DAM (DD)
70 Little Baguio, SFB
120 Nacabuklad, SFB
25 Malantao, Halapitan, SFB
241 Nala, Halapitan, SFB
22 Mabuhay, SFB
150 Candelaria, SFB
310 Kawayan, SFB
200 Namnam-Bonacao, SFB
200 Namnam-Iglugsad, SFB
2 SMALL WATER IMPOUNDING PROJECT (SWIP)
100 Magkalungay, SFB
3 SMALL FARM RESERVOIR (SFR)
2-3 Mawie, Little Baguio
2-3 Sto. Domingo
1 Nacabuklad
2-5 Nala, Halapitan
4 COMMUNAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM (CIS)
120 Palacpacan
5 Bulalang
27 Malayanan
30 San Jose
116 Cayaga
58 Kalagangan
15 Cabuling
20 Matupe
110 Sto. Domingo

Source: MAO, LGU

One of the goals of the government in terms of crop production is to attain self-
sufficiency especially in our staple crops. This agro-industrial industry present in our
locality especially the pre and post-harvest facilities is one of the most crucial factors in
attaining self-sufficiency in our area.

The DA’s Farm Mechanization Program aims to further increase the productivity
and income of farmers while helping them become agri-preneurs and less dependent on
labor in crop production.

The municipality have already existing pre and post-harvest facilities as shown on
Table 3.101 but still need additional of this machineries and equipment because of
expanded production area. In corn alone the municipality have an existing 13,874.80

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hectares but has only 109 corn shellers and 86 solar dryers thus, in time of harvest season,
this number of corn sheller and solar Dryer is not enough to cater the needs of the farmers.

Machineries and equipments like Corn and Rice Combine Harvester, Direct
Seeder-Riding Type, Transplanter and other will ease the burden of farmers during
planting as well as harvesting their produce. Various Farmers Association already availed
this Mechanization Program of the Department of Agriculture but there are also
associations who have not yet receive any programs from the government that is why the
Municipal Agriculture Office of San Fernando is helping the farmers to form themselves
into Farmers Association, Registered them in SEC, DOLE, DTI and other government
institutions so that they can avail this Mechanization Program.

With the income of the association from the rental of their machineries and
equipment with minimal fee, the farmers have now evolved into farm-entrepreneurs.
Today, farmers now enjoy lesser fee compared to the usual payment of farm machinery
rental in the area.

Table 3.101
Existing Number of Agro-Industrial Establishment by Type and Area (Ha)
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Number
Type of Industry
Rice Corn Total
1 Solar Drier/Multi-Purpose Drying Pavement 86 86
2 Rice Mill 22 22
3 Thresher 143 143
4 Power-Tiller 159 159
5 Corn Sheller 109 109
6 Rice Combine Harvester 4 4
7 Tractor 13
8 Flatbed Drier 8 8
9 Corn Mill 13 13
10 Waterpump 8
11 Cassava Chipper 2
12 Warehouse 6
13 Power Sprayer 3
14 Hammer Mill 2 2
15 Hand Tractor 1
16 Laminated Sack 1
17 Poultry 1
18 Corn Cob Drier 1 1
Total 582
Source: MAO

In table 3.102, it is indicated that production of basic commodities like rice, corn
and beef can sustain the annual consumption of the municipality and able to supply the
demand of other neighbouring cities and municipalities. Unfortunately, for other basic
commodities like vegetables, pork, chicken and eggs is seem to be inadequate and cannot
sustain the annual consumption of the municipality thus there is a need to rely on the
outside suppliers to sustain enough consumption but higher price is very much expected
due to transportation cost and attainability of enough profit of the resellers in San
Fernando.

The idea of locating more potential production areas in the municipality with the
help and support of the government and private sectors for the establishment of production
activities is very important and must be prioritized to secure the food consumption in all

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basic food commodities of the municipality of and to help individuals even the poorest
family to generate income and to sustain their daily needs regarding food, shelter and
education.

Table 3.102
Status on Basic Food Items
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Commodity Existing Potential Production Consumption Production-

Production Production Area (mt/yr) (mt/yr) Consumption
Area Ratio
Rice 2,656.64 ha 500 26,560 5,006 5.31
Corn (White) 10,072 ha 1,200 80,576 4,342 18.53
Corn (Yellow) 3,801 ha 720 38,010 3,052 12.45
Vegetables (Lowland) 60 ha 100 36 1,149 0.03
Vegetables (Upland) 40 ha 80 120 246 0.49
Beef/ Carabeef 500 heads 10,000 heads 97.50 76 1.28
Pork 2,500 heads 3,000 heads 150 416 0.36
Chicken 72,000 heads 120,000 heads 108 336 0.32
Eggs 2,000 10,000 73 2,700 0.027
Source: MAO

B. Goal

Sustain agricultural production and teneurial security of farmers.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

Problem Causes Impacts

Agrarian Reform
Selling of rights of CARP - Financial difficulties - Loss of property
Awarded Lands
Failure of Agrarian Reform - Poverty - Loss of property
beneficiaries to pay
amortization

Agriculture
1. Rice
Average yield of only 5mt/ha - Inadequate production -Low economic
and expensive production support program profitability
cost - Lack of financial capital for
seeds, fertilizer and pesticides
Labor shortage and low -Lack of pre and post-harvest -Slow economic
mechanization rate facilities activity
Limited irrigation facilities -Lack of infrastructure support -Slow economic
facilities from government activity
Slow adoption of - Absence of demo farms and -Slow economic
hybridization program lack of trainings on hybrid activity
production
Occurrence of pests and -No training and equipments -Possible loss of
diseases on the prevention and control income or profit
of pests and diseases -Failure of farming
- -Low quality of
product

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2. Corn
High cost of farm inputs -Inadequate production Low profit
support program
- Lack of financial capital for
seeds, fertilizer and pesticides
Poor farm-to-market roads -Lack of infrastructure support -High cost of hauling
(FMR) facilities
Lack of drying facilities in the -Conversion of drying facilities -Rotten of crops
barangay into covered courts -Low profit
-Loss of income
3. Pork
High cost of commercial -Lack of financial support from -Low profit
feeds the government
-No alternative solution
4. Beef/ Carabeef
Lack of capital by backyard -Lack of knowledge about -Insufficient supply of
farmers financing institutions livestock production
Inadequate supply of forage -Absence of forage nursery -Unhealthy animals
5. Chicken/ Eggs
Lack of capital by backyard -Lack of knowledge about -No chance of
farmers financing institutions expansion and
development
Threat to diseases -Limited distribution of animal -failure of profit
medical supplies -Low quality of
chicken and eggs
6. Vegetables
High cost of inputs especially -Inadequate production -Low profit
high value vegetables support program
- Lack of financial capital for
seeds, fertilizer and pesticides
Occurrence of pests and -Lack of training on the -Low quality of
diseases prevention and control of vegetables
pests and diseases -Low profit
-Lack of financial capital for -Failure of farming
pesticides
-climate change
7. Fisheries
Declining number of fish -Inadequate dispersal of -Insufficient supply of
stocks in communal bodies fingerlings fish stocks
of water -Climate change -Low income
Undeveloped fishponds -Lack of government support -Low fish production
Lack of technical skills -Lack of provision of trainings- -Low quality of
production
Lack of technical skills on -Lack of training on -Low income
processing and value-adding processing and value adding

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 D. Problems, Objectives, Strategies and Policies

Problem Objective Strategies Policy

Agrarian Reform
Selling of rights of CARP - To provide security to - Agrarian Reform
Awarded Lands less fortunate farmers beneficiaries who sold
Failure of Agrarian - To provide the their CARP awarded
Reform beneficiaries to landowners equality land will no longer be
pay amortization in terms of income qualified
and opportunities - Membership in
Farmer’s Organization
and Cooperatives
- Provide technical
assistance and support
services
- Conduct cross-visits to
develop Agrarian
Reform Communities
(ARC)
Agriculture
1. Rice
Average yield of only - To be food secure -Production support
5mt/ha and expensive program
production cost -Supply of seeds,
fertilizer, pesticides, etc.
-Credit availment thru
ACPC
Labor shortage and low - To be food secure Provision of pre and -Allocation of
mechanization rate post-harvest facilities like funds
rice transplanter and rice
combine harvester
Limited irrigation facilities - To be food secure Provision of irrigation
facilities like diversion
dam and SWIP
Slow adoption of - To be food secure -Establish demo farms
hybridization program -Trainings on hybrid
production
Occurrence of pests and - To be food secure -Training on the
diseases prevention and control of
pests and diseases
-Provide light trapping
equipment for rice black
bug
2. Corn
High cost of farm inputs - To be food secure -Production support
program
-Seeds, fertilizer,
pesticides
-Credit availment thru
ACPC
Poor farm-to-market - To be food secure -Rehabilitation/
roads (FMR) resulting to construction of concrete
high hauling cost FMRs
-Construction of bridges

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 -Provision of hauling
trucks
Lack of drying facilities in - To be food secure -Provision of multi-
the barangay due to purpose drying pavement
conversion of drying -Provision of corn-cob
facilities into covered dryer
court
3. Pork
High cost of commercial - To be food secure -Subsidy on commercial
feeds feeds
-Establishment of mini-
feedmill for backyard
raisers
4. Beef/ Carabeef
Lack of capital by - To be food secure -Link to financing
backyard farmers institutions like ACPC
-Livestock dispersal
-Establishment of
multiplier farms
Inadequate supply of - To be food secure -Establishment of forage
forage nursery and provision of
forage seeds/ seedlings
5. Chicken/ Eggs
Lack of capital by - To be food secure -Link to financing
backyard farmers institutions lie ACPC
Threat to diseases - To be food secure -Increase distribution of
drugs, vaccines and
other biologics
6. Vegetables
High cost of inputs - To be food secure -Provide seeds and
especially high value fertilizer
vegetables
Occurrence of pests and - To be food secure -Training on the
diseases prevention and control of
pests and diseases
-Provide pesticides/
beacon
7. Fisheries
Declining number of fish - To be food secure -Intensify the dispersal of
stocks in communal bodies fingerlings in communal
of water bodies of water/ creeks/
rivers
Undeveloped fishponds - To be food secure -Support in the excavation
and development of ponds
-Provision of pond liner
Lack of technical skills - To be food secure -Provide trainings and IEC
materials
Lack of technical skills on - To be food secure -Conduct of training on
processing and value-adding processing and value-
adding

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA Framework

Sustain agricultural and production and tenurial security of farmers.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Total population b age and sex  Total land area by barangay

 Number of households by  Total land area of agriculture and
barangay production by barangay
 Number of population by  Total income of cooperative by
household size barangay
 Population density by barangay  Number of farmers, area cultivated,
 Population by educational by coop by barangay
attainment  Number of fisherfolks
 Population by ethnic group  Number of agrarian reform
 Religious affiliation of population beneficiaries
 Number of cloas distributed and area
 Number of farmers engaged in
livestock
 Number of coops/ association/
organization by barangay
 Number of agricultural suprint
facilities

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Demand for food sufficiency  Per capitas food requirement

 Adequate services/ facilities  Provision of agricultural facilities
 Establishment of nursery and
demo farm
 Enhancement of crop production
 Provision of trainings (techno-
transfer, capability building)
 Irrigation, fence, bridges
 Credit and farm inputs

Status of agricultural activities, existing agricultural activity areas and income status.

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4.3.4. FORESTRY

A. Situational Analysis

As of year 2018 List of Registered ISF/CBFM, there are twelve (12) certificate of
stewardship holders in the municipality from twelve (12) barangays totalling to an area of
25,742.37 hectares. These people’s organizations are the partners of the LGU in forest
preservation and reforestation since they maintain forest cover of the areas that are within
their respective jurisdictions. Aside from maintaining forest cover, they also expand and
increase since most of these organizations continue to plant more trees (see Table 3.103).
Area allocated by ISF/CBFMA by barangays is presented in Map 17, Tenurial Map.

Aside from these CBFMA stewards, there is also a year round contracted
reforestation project which was spearheaded by the LGU that is implemented by Municipal
Environment and Natural Resource Office (MENRO) covering a total area of twenty (20)
hectares for indigenous tree located at Barangay Nacabuklad and other twenty (20)
hectares of bamboo for the riverbank rehabilitation located at Halapitan along Tigwa river.

Table 3.103
List of Registered Integrated Social Forestry (ISF)/
Community Based Forestry Management (CBFM)
Municipality of San Fernando
2018

Barangay Name of People’s Organization ISF/ CBFMA Area (in

(CBFMA Stewards) Code Number Hectare)
1. Bonacao Kapunongan sa mga Manobo sa Kisayab (KMK) #55075 922.50
2. Candelaria Candelaria Farmers Organization (CAFARO) #55145 1,491.0544
3. Halapitan Sail Halapitan Tree Planters Association (SAHA- #55013 7,768.43
TFA) formerly Sail Halapitan Tree Farmers
4. Iglugsad Iglugsad Agri-Forest Organization (IAFO) #55030 1,047.17
5. Kawayan Peoples Alliance for the Restoration of Timberland #55027 2,511.171
Natures Ecosystem and Resources (PARTNER)
6. Kibongcog Liboling sa Kauswagon Forestland Steward #55118 500.52
Community Organization
7. Little Baguio Pagpalibud Tu Kakayuhan Association #55010 1,435.40
(PAGTUKAS), Inc.
8. Magkalungay Magkalungay Environmental Protection Association #55032 1,036.25
(MEPA)
9. Nacabuklad Nacabuklad Farmers Multi-purpose Cooperative #55031 3,576.1401
(NAFAMCO) formerly Nacabuklad Association Inc.
(NAFAI)
10. Namnam Namnam Ecological Farmers Workers Association of #55119 2,558.99
the Phils. Formerly Federation of Ecological Farmers
Fishermen Workers Association of the Phils.
(FEFFWAP)
11. Sacramento Onward Savers Tree Farmers Association (OSA- #55011 1,734.74
Valley TFA), Inc.
12. Tugop Abejid Multi-purpose Cooperative (AMPC) #55049 1,160.00
Total 25,742.37
Source: DENR

There are also remnants of the Bukidnon Environment Small-scale Tree Projects
which are implemented in barangays Halapitan and Sacramento Valley totaling an area of
6.5 hectares. Since 2014 the LGU have also started to implement riverbank rehabilitation
of Tigwa River which is a major tributary of Pulangi hence contributing to the Pulangi
Watershed Rehabilitation Sub Project (PWRSP). The LGU thru the MENRO have already
covered an area of almost 100 hectares from Barangay Namnam down to Barangay
Tugop. Since 2018 the LGU had issued one rattan permittee with a rattan cutting contract
in the municipality that is Manobo, Tigwahanon, Matigsalog, Agro-Industrial Development
Corporation covering an area of 13,049.92 Hectares located in barangays, Kalagangan,
Cayaga, Dao, Kibongkog and San Jose (see Table 3.104)

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Table. 3.104
Program/Projects Implemented
Municipality of San Fernando
2018

Programs/Projects Location (San Fernando) Area (in Hectare)

1. Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) / - Bonacao, Candelaria, Halapitan, Iglugsad, - 23,328.81
Community Based Forest Kawayan, Kibongcog, Little Baguio,
Management (CBFM) Magkalungay, Nacabuklad, Namnam,
Sacramento Valley, Tugop
2. Contracted Reforestation Project - Nacabuklad - 20.0
3. Bamboo for the Riverbank - Halapitan - 20.0
Reforestation
4. Bukidnon Environment Small-Scale - Halapitan - 6.50
Tree (BEST) Project
- Sacramento Valley
5. Pulangi Watershed Rehabilitation - From Namnam To Tugop - 100.0
Sub-project (PWRSP)
6. Rattan Permitees - Kalagangan, Bonacao, Cayaga, Kibongcog, - 13,049.92
Dao
Source: MENRO

Out of 82,162 hectares of San Fernando land area, 72,665.03 hectares or 88.44%
covered with forest lands which classified in different categories as enumerated in Table
3.105 with corresponding areas and percentage shares to total forest lands and total
municipal area. Largest area is shrubland while the least area is pine plantation.

Table. 3.105
Classified Forest Lands
Municipality of San Fernando
2018

Category Area (in hectare) Percentage (%) % Share to Total

Total Forest Land Municipal Land Area
(82,162 has)
Primary Forest 8,294.33 11.41 10.10
Secondary Forest 9,634.17 13.26 11.73
Mossy Forest 13,465.19 18.53 16.39
Plantation Forest 1,016.0 1.40 1.24
Pine Plantation 0.60 0.0008 0.0007
Other land with tree cover 11,567.53 15.92 14.08
Shrubland 16,014.66 22.04 19.49
Grassland 8,315.59 11.44 10.12
Other Open Land 4,356.96 5.60 5.30
Total 72,665.03 88.44
Source: MENRO

Greening program is one of the projects focused by the MENRO through

establishing at least one-hectare tree park in every barangays but only few implemented
the program due to some factors such as unsuitability of area, absence of planting,
maintenance and protection, and lack of community voluntary efforts or even financial
supports which may shoulder establishment activities. Identified areas were only planted
with trees during tree planting events once or twice a year but tree growing may seems
impossible due to inaccessibility of location for maintenance operation. As a contribution
to government’s greening program as likely to establish a tree park, the LGU required the
couples seeking marriage certificates to plant trees for at least five seedlings per couple
into identified tree park areas but unfortunately, the activity still ended on planting only due
to lack of maintenance and protection during the growing stage of such trees.

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Map 17: Tenurial Map

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 As a continuous implementation of greening program in the municipality, the
MENRO propose and require the 24 barangays to provide a bigger area of five-hectare
Tree Park. It should be established in a government or public land preferably near a water
source with good drainage, with good soil and should be accessible to be able to provide
easy protection and management. This will also serve as venue for people’s appreciation
of the environment and understanding of biodiversity.

Other programs and projects are listed in the Table 3.106, which contribute to the
development and conservation of forestry in the municipality.

Table 3.106
Developmental Programs/ Projects in Forest Lands
Municipality of San Fernando
2018

Programs/Projects Location Area (in Hectare)

1. Reforestation and Agroforestry- National Greening - Candelaria, Kawayan, Nacabuklad, - 40.0
Program (NGP) Tugop
2. Riverbank Rehabilitation - Mabuhay, Kawayan, Namnam, - 100.0
Dao, Palacpacan, Sto. Domingo,
San Jose, Cayaga, Cabuling,
Kalagangan, Durian, Matupe
3. Watershed Management (NGP) - Nacabuklad - 40.0
4. Establishment of Protected Areas and Wildlife - 24 barangays - 120
(Forest Park)
7. Forest Tree Nursery Enrichment/ Enhancement - Halapitan Not
applicable
8. Trainings and capacity enhancement for Bantay - San Fernando Not
Gubat, forest guards, AILTF Personnel, applicable
beneficiaries on reforestation, climate change,
water conservation, watershed management,
andriverbank rehabilitation.
9. Assistance to Minahang Bayan - Dao, Kibongcog 80
10. Hiring of Bantay Gubat - Magkalungay, Dao, Iglugsad, n/a
Kibongcog
Source: MENRO

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B. Goal

Promote sustainable forest management approach in order to uplift the socio-

economic status of the community

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Illegal lumbering. - Absence of sustainable - Forest
livelihood program and project. degradation.
2. Decreased biodiversity due to - Hunting/kaingin making. - Extinction of flora
roaching. and fauna
3. Weak enforcement of related - Inadequate forest guard and - Forest law
forestry laws/legislations. machine MPPC violations
proliferate.
4. Too wide area per forest - Inadequate forest guard and - Ineffective
guard. absence of Local Government enforcement of
(LGU) counterpart. forestry laws.
5. Conflicting forestry laws - Overlapping functions of - Create confusions
against production forest, tribal Department of Environment among forest
customs and tradition. Natural Resources (DENR) and occupants.
National Commission on
Indigenous People (NCIP)
6. Boundary conflicts. - No concrete demarcation of - Improper claims
boundaries. among barangays
and municipalities.
7. Siltation due to Small Scale - Suspension of BCC and - Rampant illegal
Mining (SSM) absence of Multipartite SSM
Monitoring Team (MMT)
8. Underdeveloped forest park - Inaccessibility of site - Failure of program
(tree park) - No community voluntary efforts
and financial budget for
maintenance and protection
- No regular planting activity and
tree growing maintenance

D. Problems, Objectives, Strategies and Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Illegal lumbering. - To protect the - Strong imposition of - Resolution for re-
remaining forest forestry related laws. organization and
resources.. strengthen
Municipal Forest
and Protection
Council (MFPC)
2. Decreased - To conserve - Intensify Information - Resolution
biodiversity due to flora and fauna. Education supporting DENR
roaching. Communication and all other
(IEC). forestry related
laws.
3. Weak enforcement of - Enforcement of - Close coordination - Hire, train and
related forestry forest laws / with DENR deputize forest
laws/legislations. legislations rangers
4. Too wide area per - Organize - Provide incentives - Strict enforcement
forest guard. “Banta Gubat” and hiring of technical of forest laws.

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 in every personnel to oversee
barangay. and ensure protection
of the remaining
forest.
5. Conflicting forestry - Delineate and - Delineation survey - Resolution that will
laws against identify and strengthen IEC to promote the
production forest, production ICCs/ IPs regarding common interest in
tribal customs and forest and RA 8371 and other conservation and
tradition. conjoin environmental laws management of
ICC’s/IP’s with forest resources
other national
agencies
6. Slash and burn - Organize - Promote Sloping - Resolution for the
farming. upland farmers. Agricultural land provision of
Technology (SALT) enough budget for
livelihood
programs/
projects.
7. Siltation due to Small - Organize small - Link SSM operators - Zoning of the
Scale Mining (SSM) scale mining to other local and mining area/ site
operators as national agencies and
association/ provide technical
cooperative assistance
8. Built up areas in - To conduct - Intensify Information - Resolution
forest zones proper Education requesting for the
(production and identification of Communication conversion of
protection forest). forest occupant. (IEC). timberland into
- To lobby for the - Issuance of certificate Alienable &
speedy of occupancy/tenurial Disposable (A &
conversion of instruments D) lands.
approximately - Resolution
14,000 hectares supporting for the
classified as declaration of Mt.
timberland into Pantaron as
Alienable and protected
Disposable landscape.
(A&D).
9. Boundary conflicts. - To delineate - Coordinate with the - Resolution for the
boundaries and proper authorities to allocation of
install concrete conduct delineation budget for the
monuments survey. conduct of
delineation survey.
10. Underdeveloped - To provide - Encourage - National Greening
forest park (tree park) recreation area community voluntary Program
for the people establishment
and encourage activities like planting
biodiversity and growing
conservation - Locate a strategic,
suitable and
accessible area near
water source
- Establish a nursery
for seedling
production
- Allocate budget for
maintenance and
protection of the area.

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

Promote sustainable forest management approach in order to uplift the socio-

economic status of the community.

POPULATION FACTORS DEVELOPMENT FACTORS

- Number of forest - Land classification and
occupants by barangay land uses
- Total number of population - Number and area of issued
by baranga tenurial instruments:
- Number of population  Community Based
dependent forest Forest
resources Management
(CBFM)
 Integrated Social
Forestry (ISF)
 Certificate of
Ancestral Domain
Title (CADT)

POPULATION NEEDS DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

- Security of tenure - Continuous rehabilitation

- Sustainable utilization of through Reto Agrofar
forest products - Preservation and
conservation of flora and
fauna
- Sustainable utilization of
forest product.
- Municipal watershed
development plan
implementation
- CBFMA issuance

Uplifted standard of living with sustainable livelihood

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4.3.5 TOURISM

A. Situational Analysis

Tourism industry is one of the best ways that could generate widespread benefits
and impacts to the economy and society. It could alleviate poverty, environmental
conservation, and generation of employment opportunities for women, indigeneous
communities and young people. Further, tourism could be a best source of revenues to
the government and because of its multiplier effect, it could provide opportunities for local
economic development, thus the local government unit of San Fernando established
attractive sites of tourist.

Several barangays of the municipality are rich in natural resources which are
potential for outdoor enthusiasts or tourist. Potential natural attractions composed of water
falls, rivers, mountains, rainforests, caves, overviews, flora and fauna as identified in Table
3.107, Inventory of Tourism Spots/Attraction.

Dubbed as the hidden paradise of Bukidnon, one of the prides of the municipality
is the San Fernando Resort Park and Adventure, a manmade attraction which boosts a
great mileage of the town. It is an LGU-owned tourist destination and it is situated in the
heart of Poblacion, Halapitan of this town. The site has two attractive swimming pools with
a design that is surely eye catching for those who love to relax, to unwind and get together
with friends and family.

Adult pool of 4-7 feet is a ¼ size of an Olympic standard swimming pool where
students spend their swimming lessons and the other one is a kiddie pool with a deep of
4 feet. The resort has the largest function hall in town which cater any occasions, such as
birthday party, weddings, conferences, seminars, and meetings, among others that can
accommodate 200 persons. There are ten open cottages that surround the pools with the
rental of 270 pesos. The entrance is only 25 pesos. Parking space is remarkable.

Another surprise of the place is the first of its kind that LGU San Fernando has
owned – the 740-meter zip line which can carry three persons in one zipping. This amazing
sloppy type zip lines in San Fernando is a great adrenaline-pumping thrills, where
gorgeous views such as the mountains, trees, birds and the forest can be seen atop that
can truly satisfy every human who loves thrills, adventure and nature.

For the whole year round of 2018, the officer in-charge had documented a total of
10,271 visitors who caters the function hall, pools, cottages and zip line as listed in Table
3.108. Few of them were considered “tourists” as they have spent a night to available but
limited rental places in San Fernando but unfortunately, these rental places didn’t have
record book of their customers. The rest were considered “visitors” only as their stay-in
records were documented to neighboring city who had lots of available rental resting
places. For this reason, the LGU is positively encouraged to construct a building
specifically, a rental hotel-apartelle to accommodate stay-in tourists in San Fernando.

In year 2018, the San Fernando Eco Park and Resort had documented 10,271
visitors based on their record book summarized in Table 3.109. Peak seasons occurred in
the month of November and December. The total includes number of person who rented
the function hall for different occasions.

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Table 3.107
Inventory of Tourism Spots/Attractions
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

NDTP Tourism
Tourist Attractions Location Type Category Product Portfolio Activity Status
Category
1. San Fernando Eco- Purok 1, - Sports and - Park/ Resort - Leisure and - Function/ Event Holding, - Existing
Adventure Park and Halapitan, Recreational - Pools Entertainment Swimming, Zipline, Site Seeing
Resort Facilities Tourism
- Bird Watching, Kayaking, - Proposed
Bamboo, Rafting, River/
Footbridge, Tourist Assistance
Center, Wall Climbing Facility
2. SF Tourists Center Sitio Salolong, - Sports and - Park / Resort - Leisure and - Stopover - Proposed
Sacramento Recreational Entertainment Tourist Assistance Center (TAC)
Valley Facilities Tourism Function/ Event Holding
Pasalubong Center
View Deck
Pay Rest Rooms
3. Magkalungay Local Magkalungay - Nature - Mountain/ Falls/ River and - Nature and Cultural - Trekking, Spelunking, Camping, - Existing/ Ongoing
Conservation Area Landscape Tourism Site Seeing, Bird Watching, Flora
- Nature Trail and Path/ Camping and Fauna, Research
Ground
- Other Natural Attractions - View Deck - Proposed
4. Bonggalo Hill Sitio San isidro, - Nature - Mountain/ Hills/ Highlands - Nature Tourism - Site Seeing, Sea of Clouds, - Existing, NGA
Halapitan Camping, Trekking Management

- View Deck - Proposed

5. Kulaman River/ Water Sitio Supon, - Nature - River and Landscape/ Falls - Nature Tourism - Trekking/ Spelunking, Swimming, - Existing
Falls Nacabuklad Picnic
6. Mawe-I River/ Sitio Mawe-I, - Nature - River and Landscape/ Falls - Nature Tourism - Site Seeing, River Trekking - Existing
Waterfalls Little Baguio
7. Cayaga Wildlife and Cayaga - Nature - Nature and trail Paths/ Other - Nature Tourism - Camping, Nature Site Seeing, - Emerging/ LCA
nature park/ LCA Natural Attractions Tarsier Watching
8. Kalinawan Culture and Sitio kalinawan, - Customs and - Local Culture and Tradition - Cultural Tourism - Culture Emersion - Potential
Arts Preservation Kibongcog Tradition (includes social practices and
(Local Conservation rituals) and Performing Arts (folk,
Area for Culture and music and dance)
Tradition) - Nature Tourism - Nature adventure, camping, - Potential
- Mountain/ Falls/ River and Land spelunking/, trekking, wildlife
Scape, nature trail and path/ sanctuary

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 camping ground/ other natural
attractions
9. Mission Culture and Sitio Simsimon, - Customs and - Local Culture and Tradition - Cultural Tourism - Culture Emersion - Existing
Arts Preservation Kalagangan Tradition
Center - Nature - River/ waterfalls - Nature Tourism - River Trekking
10. Bangkakawan Halapitan - Customs and - Festivals - Cultural Tourism - Cultural festival - Existing
Festival Tradition
11. Mauswagon Caves Sitio Saging, - Nature - Caves - Nature Tourism - Caving - Existing
Little Baguio
12. Sacramento Valley Purok 2, - Nature - Caves - Nature Tourism - Caving - Existing
Caves Sacramento
Valley
13. Sam’s Resort Kalagangan - Sports and - Resort/ Pools and Spring - Leisure and - Swimming Pool - Existing/ Private
Recreational Entertainment Owned
Facilities Tourism
14. Executive/ Legislative Halapitan - History and Culture - Structures and Buildings - Cultural Tourism - - Existing
Halls and Public
Facilities
15. One Town, One Halapitan - Shopping - Shopping - Cultural Tourism - Souvenir, Shopping, Handicrafts - Existing
Product/ Negosyo Benchmarking
Center
16. Municipal Gymnasium Halapitan - Sports and - Structure and Buildings - - Meetings, Incentives, - Existing
Recreational Conventions, Exhibits (MICE)
Facilities
Source: Economic Enterprise

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 Tourism Function Hall, San Fernando Eco-adventure Park and Resort

Tourism kiddie Pool, San Fernando Eco-adventure Park and Resort

Tourism Adult Pool, San Fernando Eco-adventure Park and Resort

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 Sea of Clouds at Bonggalo Hill, Sitio San Isidro, Halapitan, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Magkalungay Falls, Magkalungay Local Conservation Area San Fernando, Bukidnon

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 Tourism & Business Assistance Center
San Fernando Municipal Public Market

Table 3.108
Tourist Consolidated Data Summary
San Fernando Eco-Adventure Park and Resort
2018

Month Number of Tourist Monthly Total

Male Female
January 134 102 236
February 32 31 63
March 113 127 240
April 356 340 696
May 495 549 1044
June 576 425 1001
July 425 321 746

Table 3.107 also shows identified indoor and outdoor sport facilities like the
Municipal Gymnasium and Municipal Tennis Court that are mostly attracted by sports
minded town residents which are usually crowded during morning and after working hours
and during weekends.
Other tourist destinations are the identified natural attractions found in remote
areas of different barangays which includes river, water falls, overviews, tree park,
vegetation and caves that are best for hiking, trail, swimming, trekking, spelunking, biking,
site seeing, camping, mountain climbing, jogging and picnic. Unfortunately, these potential
natural attractions has poor road networks, less support facilities and no proper
documentations of tourist and visitors but the good side is, these are allowed to be visited
for free. Once the development be prioritized, it could be a source of revenues in due time.

The municipality is also rich for culture and tradition tourism. The preservation of
culture and arts has great potential for emersion and research. Attractions includes IP
villages from different barangays as shown in Table 3.109, Potential Culture Preservation
wherein foreign tourists mostly attracted as it potentially supported their desire to conduct
emersion, research or studies, fellowship, community services, ethnical detail discoveries

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and other cultural features and activities. During the emersion, the LGU identified issues
like the need of technical, livelihood programs and support facilities that would enhance
the living condition of indigenous people (IPs).

Other cultural attractions that being yearly witnessed by tourists are town festivals
like Bankakawan, Araw ng San Fernando, and Fiesta ng San Fernando wherein cultural
presentation and street dancing are being highlighted. There are also different activities
conducted during these events that are to be participated by both residents, visitors and
tourists especially ballgames, motocross and other contest activities.

Table 3.109
Potential Culture Preservation (Including Festivals)
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Name of Attractions Location/s Date of Activity Activities

Salumayag IP Village Sitio Salumayag, Emersion
Halapitan
Kibongcog IP Village Kibongcog Emersion
Bonacao IP Village Bonacao Emersion
Kalagangan IP Village Sitio Simsimon, Emersion
Kalagangan
Bankakawan Festival Halapitan June Culture presentation, street dancing

Araw ng San Fernando Halapitan June 17-18 -Ball games

(Yearly) -business sector night, -senior citizen day
- inter-faith night,
-farmers achievement day,
-marathon
-variety show (PWUDs and youth
-tree planting
-LGU night
-dance sports,
-motocross
-Miss San Fernando beauty pageant
-tribal day
-foam party
-night café with acoustic band
Fiesta ng San Fernando Halapitan October 15-16 Mutya ng San Fernando
(Yearly) -Parade
-employees night,
-patron festival
Source: Economic Enterprise

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B. Goal

Enhance and develop eco-tourism in areas as tourist destinations.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Low influx of tourist - Insurgencies - Less number of tourist arrivals
- Traditional tribal conflicts
- Lack of linkages

2. Inadequate vegetation/ - Natural grown plants are - Less natural shades

landscape damaged due to - Dryness
construction of new facilities - High humidity
3. Stocked solid waste - Long interval of waste - Eyesore
collection
4. Break even income/ - Lack/ limited outdoor - Low income from tourism
expenses recreation tourism facility - The revenue earned from the
tourism business seldom is
beneficial to the local population
if there is no accommodation or
less accommodation
establishment
5. No regular route - No traffic management - Long waiting time/ expensive
council
6. Most tourist stays overnight - Lack of accommodation - Less overnight stay of tourist
on neighboring cities
7. No 24/7 convenience store - Social interferences pulling - Hinders tourist to stay overnight
and inadequate of ATM Unit down investors to invest
8. No plantilla position for - Municipal Tourism Office - No proper duties and
manage staff and not yet not yet created responsibilities of tourism
separated as LGU- personnel
Economic Enterprise
9. No proper environmental - Deforestation, wildlife - Promotes vandalism and
preservation, protection and hunting littering
regulation - It makes way for destruction of
wildlife and vegetation
- It invites air and water pollution
- It creates a large carbon
footprints
10. Inappropriate livelihood - Lack of livelihood programs - It creates a sense of
programs for occupants dependency on the natural
within surrounding areas resources
- Low income from tourism
- Less number of tourist arrivals
11. Inadequate tourism - Insurgencies - Undeveloped tourist spots
infrastructure - Traditional tribal conflicts

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D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Low influx of - To attract local and - Develop identified -
tourist international tourists tourism sites and to
conduct citation and
discovery for any
futuristic tourism area to
different barangays of the
municipality
- Intensify promotion
campaign
- LGU tourism office to
develop marketing
strategies to help
generate revenue, create
job opportunities and
generates opportunities
for small scale local
businesses

2. Inadequate - Provide adequate - Allocate budget for -

vegetation/ vegetation and vegetation and
landscape landscape landscaping
- Conduct proper
planning and prepare
site development plan
- Consult skilled
personnel to initiate
vegetation and
landscaping
3. Stocked solid - Attain clean and - Cooperate the Solid -
waste green environment Waste Management
office for the regular
collection of garbage
4. Break even - Generate high - Construct additional -
income/ expenses revenue infrastructures to attract
tourist
- Develop potential tourist
spots
- Establish unique spot
views that will attract
tourists
5. No regular route - Provide good - Establish Traffic -
access to major Management Council
highways - Construct transportation
projects
- Source out fund from
NGAs and private
sectors
6. Most tourist stays - Attract the tourists - Encourage potential -
overnight on to stay long in our investors on
neighboring cities place accommodation
establishment

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7. No 24/7 - Provide - Encourage business -
convenience store convenience to investors to put up 24/7
and inadequate of tourists store
ATM Unit - Encourage bank
institution to put more
ATM unit in strategic
locations.
8. No plantilla - To provide effective - Hiring of permanent -
position for implementation of tourism officer
manage staff and tourism programs
not yet separated and projects and
as LGU-Economic conduct proper
Enterprise documentation of
tourists and visitors
9. Lack of proper - To promote - Create Municipal -
environmental investment in Tourism Office
preservation, conservation of - Conduct and
protection and natural habitats implement regulation
regulation and policies that are
friendly to both site
residents and tourists
- Provide livelihood
programs for occupants
within surrounding
areas
10. Inappropriate - Provide extra - Conduct various -
livelihood income to livelihood programs
programs for neighboring - Continuous monitoring
occupants within occupants of livelihood activities of
surrounding the beneficiaries
areas - Regulate the people to
minimize the use of the
natural resources
11. Inadequate - Develop tourist - Construct tourism -
tourism spots infrastructure and
infrastructure facilities to support
tourist attractions

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Enhance and develop eco-tourism areas as tourist destination

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Number of tourist  Environmental factor like
 Number of investors climate and beautiful
scenery
 Socio-economic factor like
accessibility, accomodation,
amenities, and ancillary
services
 Historical and cultural
factors
 Religious factors
 Increase of income
 Leisure time and
infrastructure
 Tourist resources


POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 More tourist attractions  Road concreting
 Better accessibility  Accomodation
 Good accomodation Establishment

Generate more income from tourism.

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 5

INFRASTRUCTURE
AND UTILITIES

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5. INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES SECTOR

5.1 Major Sector Goal

Provide efficient infrastructure facilities and utilities.

5.2 Major Sector SWOT Matrix

ECONOMIC SECTOR STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

1. Availability of PT & T 1. Limited
telephone public calling infrastructure
- Transportation office telegraph and postal support facilities.
- Power stations and PT & T 2. Lack of heavy
- Water telephone equipments.
- Communication 2. Available and functional 3. Limited budget to
- Solid Waste provincial, municipal, fund infra projects.
Management barangay radio 4. Lack of
communication system. maintenance of
3. Abundance of water existing canal.
resources. 5. Non-cooperation of
4. Presence of natural power consumers.
drainage. 6. Obsolete water
5. Available electric power system.
services 7. Absence of bridge
6. Favorable topography. in far flung
7. Presence of farm to market barangays
roads 8. Undesirable
8. Large creeks and numerous communication
springs for irrigation. facilities
9. Limited manpower.
10. Power shortage
and frequent
blackouts.
11. Deterioration of
barangay roads
weaknesses.
12. Limited drainage
system to guide
the flow of water
into the natural
drainage.
OPPORTUNITIES SO STRATEGIES WO STRATEGIES
1. Modernization of water 1. To improve existing 1. To avail of loans
system. infrastructure services and from any
2. Proposed construction of facilities in order to facilitate government lending
east-west lateral road movement of people and institutions for the
networks. goods. purchase of heavy
3. Built-operate-transfer equipments.
(BOT) scheme 2. Prioritize
infrastructure
projects for funding.

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4. Proposed establishment
of long distance
telephone system
5. Positive political
linkages.
THREATS ST STRATEGIES WT STRATEGIES
1. National policy imposed 1. Conduct upgraded technical 1. To prioritize the
by national agency (no skills training. implementation of
hiring). 2. Establish of modern programs and
2. Natural and manmade communication system. projects according to
disasters/hazards. their critically or
urgency and the
financial capability of
the local government
unit.

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5.3 INFRASTRUCTURE/ UTILITIES SUB-SECTOR STUDIES

5.3.1 TRANSPORTATION

A. Situational Analysis

Based on the 2018 inventory of roads, the municipality is traversed by a total of

242.23 kilometers of road. Majority or 60.76% are barangay roads that connect the interior
barangays to the poblacion and other areas within and outside the municipality. However,
these roads are still gravelled and earth filled. In contrast, municipal or urban roads cover
the least 12.32% of the total road network which covers only 4.58%. With the road network
as one indicator whether a settlement is well formed or not, it can be said that the urban
settlement is still at its primary stage. See Table 3.110

Table 3.110
Road Network by Classification and Type of pavement
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Classification Total Length Percent to Total Type of Pavement

Concrete Gravel Earth Fill
National 54.13 22.35% 54.13
Provincial 11.09 4.58% 0.48 10.61
Municipal 29.84 12.32% 29.84 19.96 9.88
Barangay 147.17 60.76% 6.91 51.02 89.24
Total 242.23 91.36 81.59 99.12
Source: Municipal Engineering Office

National Highway along Sitio Sulog of Barangay Halapitan

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 National road which provides external linkage to other municipalities of Bukidnon
and Davao del Norte, is concretely paved. Few of barangay and municipal road networks
are also concretely paved but only in poblacions.

In support to the road network are three types of bridge namely: footbridge, spillway
and box culvert, with a total length of 1,262 linear meters and all in good/serviceable
conditions. It exclude the bridges along the national road. See Table 3.111

Types of transportation traversing the municipality are limited to public utility

jeepney that provides access to the key centers of the province and motorcycles locally
called “habal-habal’ that links the interior barangays to the urban core or poblacion. Table
3.112 shows the approximate road distances of every barangay to the town center of San
Fernando, the Halapitan Poblacion. However, in year 2018, transportation is newly routed
with public buses from Valencia City to San Fernando and vice versa. Some local dwellers
have their own service vehicles to transport goods in and outside the municipality
especially for farm products. People of San Fernando are now enjoying the convenient of
travelling along the concrete paved national road.

Table 3.111
Inventory of Bridges by Type
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Type No. of Bridges Total Length (meters) Condition

Footbridge 11 1,110 Good/Fair
Spillway 5 65 Good
Box Culvert 7 87 Good
Total 23 1,262 Good
Source: Municipal Engineering Office

Mawie Bridge along National Highway at Purok 1, Poblacion, Halapitan, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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 Mabuhay Bridge along National Highway at Barangay Mabuhay, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Malayanan Foot Bridge at Barangay Malayanan, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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 Spillway Bridge at Barangay Dao, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Spillway Bridge at Barangay Malayanan, San Fernando, Bukidnon

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 San Fernando Municipal Public Terminal

Table 3.112
Distance from the Urban Core, in Kilometer
Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Barangay Distance in Kilometer

Urban
1. Halapitan
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 5 km
2.Kalagangan 34 km
3.Little Baguio 4 km
4.Mabuhay 4 km
5.Nacabuklad 6 km
6.Namnam 14 km
7.Sacramento Valley 7.5 km
Rural
1. Bonacao 19 km
2. Bulalang 33 km
3. Cabuling 36.5 km
4. Cayaga 28 km
5. Dao 30 km
6. Durian 39 km
7. Iglugsad 16 km
8. Kawayan 8.5 km
9. Kibongcog 21 km
10. Magkalungay 12 km
11. Malayanan 11 km
12. Matupe 44 km
13. Palacpacan 27 km
14. San Jose 24 km
15. Sto. Domingo 22 km
16. Tugop 10 km
Source: MPDO

In terms of drainage system, only in the Poblacion we can find man made drainage
that drains into Tigwa and Mawie Rivers. Outside of the poblacion drainage systems are
not delineated and water seeks its own level.

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 To provide convenience and more access in transporting goods and people, a total
of 149.95 kilometers urban/urbanizing roads will be needed within the first five (5) years of
the planning period as specified in Table 3.113.

For rural or farm-to-market roads, a total of 147.17 kilometer road will provide
access to the total projected 27,995.17 hectares of arable lands within the 10 years
planning period.

Table 3.113
Projected Urban – Urbanizing Areas Road Requirements
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Year Population Road Requirement

2019 61,124 146.70
2020 62,438 149.85
2021 63,780 153.07
2022 65,152 156.36
2023 66,552 159.72
2024 67,983 163.16
2025 69,445 166.66
2026 70,938 170.25
2027 72,463 173.91
2028 74,021 177.65
Standard Requirement: 2.4 km per 1000 population
Source: Municipal Engineering Office

B. Goal

Provide better transportation services and facilities to uplift the quality of life of the
people.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

1. Limited maintenance of - Insufficient budget for - High fare cost
municipal and barangay maintenance and - Difficulty in product
roads constructions of transportation
transportation facilities - Slow economic growth
2. Existence of footbridges - Insufficient fund and - Slow economic growth
instead of permanent or lack of prioritization
fixed bridges or drainage -
system.

D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

1. Limited - To provide - Budget allocation Provide regular
maintenance of accessible road for road allocation/ budget
municipal and networks maintenance for the
barangay roads maintenance of

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 municipal brgy
roads
2. Existence of - To ensure - Construct long Provide SB
footbridges instead safety of the term projects resolution asking
of permanent or people for budgetary
fixed bridges or support from the
drainage system. provincial and
national
government and
other concern
agency

E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Provide better transportation services and facilities to uplift the economic

condition of the people.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population  Existing transportation
 Labor force population services and facilities
 Number of household  Areas served and un-
 Population by ethnic served
groups  Existing growth areas in
 Age-group population the municipality

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 More services and  Location of proposed
facilities growth areas in the
 Convenient and municipality.
affordable means of  Projected means of
transportation.. transportation
 Projected length of farm
to market roads.
 Potential areas for
power and water
expansion

Existing transportation servcies and facilities including drainage system

throughout the municiaplity.

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5.3.2 POWER

A. Situational Analysis

Power supply in the municipality of San Fernando is managed by First Bukidnon

Electric Cooperative which hydraulically generated from the municipality of Maramag.

As shown in Table 3.114, it is compared that every year, the number of energized
household is gradually increasing. Out of 13,601 number of household in year 2018, there
are 7,102 households or around 52.22% are being energized. Most of these are distributed
in the urban and urbanizing barangays. The least number of energized households are in
barangay Bulalang. However, in terms of participation rate, Halapitan has the highest rate
of 79.64%. This tend to show that the higher the participation rate, the more number of
households are energized in each barangay. It is cleared also that electricity in the
municipality of San Fernando becomes a necessity even in the most remote areas of
hinterland barangays due to the needs of delivering sufficient services in all sectors
especially for the development of health services, economic growth and risk reduction
management.

FIBECO San Fernando Collection Center @ Purok 1 of Barangay Halapitan

Issues regarding illegal wiretapping is largely existed due to either delayed

connection of separate electric meters or limited finances to have separate connections.
Aside from residential consumers which covers the bigger 87.99% chunk of the
total numbers of consumers, commercial consumers ran second, both in number of
establishments and average consumption.

In terms of services, power fluctuations and unscheduled brownouts still occur from
time to time but generally caused by the power provider, either due to lack of maintenance
along light of ways of power lines or from major power distribution lines in the hinterlands.

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Table 3.114
Number of Household Served by Electricity for the Past Three Years
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Number of Number of Participation

Barangay Number of HH Served HH in 2018 Unserved Rate
HH
Urban 2016 2017 2018
1. Halapitan 1,876 1,928 1,972 2,476 504 79.64
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 121 124 131 220 89 59.55
2.Kalagangan 412 551 573 1,349 776 42.48
3.Little Baguio 726 739 751 1,178 427 63.75
4.Mabuhay 458 466 472 747 275 63.19
5.Nacabuklad 234 238 248 303 55 81.85
6.Namnam 452 462 475 922 447 51.52
7.Sacramento Valley 260 263 267 453 186 58.94
Sub-total 2,663 2,843 2,917 5,172 2,255 56.40
Rural
1. Bonacao 151 153 154 482 328 31.95
2. Bulalang 47 47 47 162 115 29.01
3. Cabuling 48 48 48 203 155 23.65
4. Cayaga 112 113 113 313 200 36.10
5. Dao 64 64 64 482 418 13.28
6. Durian 100 100 100 235 135 42.55
7. Iglugsad 157 161 166 393 227 42.24
8. Kawayan 256 261 262 431 169 60.79
9. Kibongcog 100 108 109 469 360 23.24
10. Magkalungay 194 195 197 614 417 32.08
11. Malayanan 136 162 175 302 127 57.94
12. Matupe 81 98 98 514 416 19.07
13. Palacpacan 98 100 100 342 242 29.24
14. San Jose 51 52 52 236 184 22.03
15. Sto. Domingo 196 225 227 370 143 61.35
16. Tugop 299 301 301 405 104 74.32
Sub-total 2,090 2,188 2,213 5,953 3,740 37.17
Total 6,629 6,959 7,102 13,601 6,499 52.22%
Source: MEO

B. Goal

Improve power services.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

Inadequate hydro- - Denuded watershed. - Low income.
power supply - Limited of distribution lines expansion - Slow economic
urbanizing and rural barangays. activities
- Sporadic location of subscribers costly for
expansion of distribution.
Non-payment of power - Income assessment of right of way (ROW) - Limited income
provider to LGU for - Incomplete tax assessment of road-right-of- of LGU
the right of way of ways of power of lines
power
Un-tapped water - Financial constraints of the LGU - Limited socio-
sources for hydro - Non-linkage with power utilities for a economic
power comprehensive study activities
- Limited sources
of income.

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D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

Inadequate hydro- - Provide - Reforest denuded area - Prepared
power supply adequate comprehensiv
hydro-power e study for
supply possible
- Provide funding
additional lines
to urbanizing
and rural
barangays
Non-payment of - Developed - Coordinate with DENR and - Link with power
power provider to LGU potential FIBECO for preparation utilities for
for the right of way of hydro-power and implementation of possible
power sources reforestation of plan development of
- Identify other power source
sources
Un-tapped water - Payment of - Complete assessment of - Prepare
sources for hydro road right of road right of way for power resolution/
power way taxes distribution lines ordinance for
- Coordinate with FIBECO the imposition of
for payment of assessment assessment of
taxes taxes.

E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK
Improve power services

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population  Distribution of major
 Labor force population power distribution line
 Number of household services, facilities and
utilities.
 Existing power services
and facilities
 Existing growth areas in
the municipality.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Provide more services  Location of proposed power
and facilities in the distribution lines in all
household. barangays and sitios
 Projected rural and urban
power requirements

Existing power distribution services and facilities.

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5.3.3 WATER

A. Situational Analysis

The municipality has abundant water sources scattered in all barangays but not all
of them have been tapped to supply potable water to the people.

In year 2018, the total household number projection based on the Census
population 2015 could reached to 13,211. As of the present, water supply in different
barangays of San Fernando is provided by Level I, Level II and Level III water systems. A
total of 11,670 households served with the said water.

. Level I water system such as shallow and deep well and the use of jetmatic pump
are commonly present in remote areas of rural barangays. Direct source from flowing river
or spring are also included in this system. With no other option, mostly indigenous people
are adapted in this kind of system not knowing of the possible risk that may affect the
health of the people especially the children and the poor sanitation that may suffered by
the individual. To minimize the situation, as water is the basic need of the community, the
government prioritized the provision and installation of Level II water system such as
communal faucet to minimize the difficulty of seeking clean water of such barangays that
are far from potable water source. Table 3.115 shows the list of barangays benefited the
newly constructed level II potable water system-gravity driven implemented by government
project of KALAHI-CIDDS and private company donation of Joint Together Society (JTS).

Table 3.115
Newly Constructed Level II Potable Water System (Gravity Driven)
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Barangay Implementation
Bonacao KALAHI-CIDDS
Little Baguio KALAHI-CIDDS
Mabuhay KALAHI-CIDDS
Cabuling KALAHI-CIDDS
Sacramento Valley KALAHI-CIDDS
Kibongcog KALAHI-CIDDS
Namnam KALAHI-CIDDS
Palacpacan (Sitio Bayog) Joint Together Society (JTS)
Source: MEO

It is shown in Table 3.116 that Level II communal faucet has the most number of
household served with 6,841 or 58.62% of the total household. Faucets were distributed
strategically installed in crowded but protected locations. Maintenance and protection were
shouldered by the barangay officials and community volunteers to ensure sustainability of
the facility. Because of the affordability and availability of the system, it gradually
decreased the drive of the remote area settlers to rely on the level I water system. There
is no data of level I water system beneficiaries in the past 3-5 years but the table shows
that in year 2018, the share percentage of 16.52 is less than half of the Level II
beneficiaries.

In urban and urbanizing barangays, it is important for the settlement areas

especially the commercial establishment requirement to upgrade the potable water system
into level III. Budget allocation for water system is one of the major priorities of the LGU.
Aside from ensuring the good health and better sanitation and development and
improvement of the basic infrastructure services, it could also contribute to the economic
growth and likely to increase the collectibles of the municipality.

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VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 298
Table 3.116
Number of Households Served by Level I Water System
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Total Level I Level II Level III

Barangay Number Direct Jetmatic Communal Number of Household
of HH Source Pump Faucet Faucet Faucet
Served (HH) (HH) (HH) (Unit) (HH)
Urban
1. Halapitan 2,160 507 319 924 231 410
17.76% 34.82% 67.58% 13.51% 14.13%
Urbanizing
1.Candelaria 194 24 96 4 74
2.Kalagangan 1,160 18 10 683 170 449
3.Little Baguio 1,024 349 19 504 126 152
4.Mabuhay 653 105 380 95 168
5.Nacabuklad 270 23 198 50 49
6.Namnam 797 57 30 644 161 66
7.Sacramento Valley 394 91 269 68 34
Sub-total 4,492 667 59 2,774 674 992
Percent to Total 38.49 45.81% 12.5% 40.55% 34.20%
Rural
1. Bonacao 420 9 46 160 40 241
2. Bulalang 153 7 136 10
3. Cabuling 191 26 19 78 20 68
4. Cayaga 264 43 16 124 31 81
5. Dao 412 3 141 35 268
6. Durian 198 1 11 94 24 92
7. Iglugsad 340 4 2 273 67 61
8. Kawayan 356 2 - 314 79 40
9. Kibongcog 387 20 - 275 69 92
10. Magkalungay 507 16 - 241 60 250
11. Malayanan 249 12 - 107 27 130
12. Matupe 424 18 - 365 91 41
13. Palacpacan 282 60 - 222 55 -
14. San Jose 195 30 - 113 28 52
15. Sto. Domingo 306 22 - 250 63 34
16. Tugop 334 9 - 250 62 75
Sub-total 5,018 282 94 3,143 711 1,535
43.0% 19.37% 19.92% 45.94% 52.91%
Total 11,670 1,456 472 6,841 1,690 2,901
Percent to total 12.48% 4.04% 58.62% 24.86%
Number of Household in 13,211
2018
Numbe of Household not 1,541
identified
Source: MEO

As of the present there are 2,901 households or 24.86% of the total household
served with Level III potable water system. Few part of the system is under construction
while major part is under observation and maintenance to ensure that the services is
sustainable and in good condition. The local water utility that serves the urban households
is managed by the Economic Enterprises Section of the Local Government Unit with a
minimum rate of 50 pesos per 10 cubic meter and additional 2 pesos per cubic meter in
excess. Income derived from water system, goes to the improvements and maintenance
of the reservoir and the distribution of 231 faucets strategically located in Halapitan.
Income and expenses are breakeven due to high maintenance cost. One factor that affect
the situation is weather condition, material quality and standard, and absence of Local
Water Utility Office that will focus the system maintenance and stability.

Within the next 10 years, it is expected that the Level I water system will be
upgraded to Level II and by year 2020, per capita requirement will be 3,746.28 cubic meter
which will increase by 17.42% by year 2028 (Table 3.117)

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Table 3.117
Projected per Capita Water Requirements
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2019-2028

Year Total Population Total Requirements

(cubic meter)
2019 61,124 3,667.44
2020 62,438 3,746.28
2021 63,780 3,826.80
2022 65,152 3,909.12
2023 66,552 3,993.12
2024 67,983 4,078.98
2025 69,445 4,166.70
2026 70,938 4,256.28
2027 72,463 4,347.78
2028 74,021 4,441.26
Source: MEO

There are 42 undeveloped springs scattered in the municipality waiting to be

developed. If fully developed potable water supply will be able to cater to the total water
needs of the population, including the agricultural requirements.

B. Goal

Provide adequate potable water supply throughout the municipality.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

Inadequate potable water - Undeveloped water - Slow economic
supply throughout the source. activities
municipality
Absence of Local Water - Absence of local - No prioritization of the
Utility Office ordinance creating maintenance services
water district
Low collection efficiency of - High maintenance cost - Low income
water consumption
payments

D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

Inadequate potable - Provide - Identify water sources - Formulate a
water supply adequate feasible for Local Ordinance
throughout the water supply development. for the creation of
municipality for domestic - Conduct an inventory the Local Water
and other of existing water District complete
uses system and upgrade with budgetary
them requirements.
- Monitor conditions of - Imposed
existing water penalties
systems for surcharges for
upgrading. non-payment of
water
consumption

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 - Prepare an integrated through an
water supply master ordinance.
plan
Absence of Local - Create a - Prepare a staffing - Formulate a
Water Utility Office Local Water pattern for the Water local ordinance
District District Office for the creation
Office - Prepare a budgetary of Local Water
proposal for the District Office
proposed water
district
Low collection - Provide high - Enhance existing local - Imposed
efficiency of water collection ordinance on water penalties for late
consumption efficiency of rate and penalties or non-payment
payments water of water
consumption consumption

E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Provide adequate potable water supply throughout the municipality.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population  Existing water supply services
 Labor force population and facilities.
 Number of household  Location/distribution of water
 Population by ethnic services, facilities and utilities.
groups  Area served and unserved.
 Existing growth areas in the
municipality.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Convenient and affordable  Location of proposed growth
water supply areas in the municipality.
 More services and facilities.  Projected urban and rural
 Level III water supply average day demand
 Potential location of quality
sources of water.

Existing water services and facilities in all barangays and sitios.

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5.3.4 COMMUNICATION

A. Situational Analysis

Nowadays, mobile communication is the most useful and in demand way to deliver
information to other places and largely become a necessity by individuals. As specified in
Table 3.118, there are four network communication towers installed in the municipality of
San Fernando. The two towers are owned by Smart Telecom while the other three are
owned by Globe Telecom. These telecoms also provide internet services which develop
online transactions with government and private sectors to other municipalities, provinces
and national authorities.

Broadcast and television media covers the whole municipality since its transmitter
is located at the highest peak of Bukidnon at Mt. Kitanglad, Malaybalay City. No print media
exist within the municipality, and are still dependent on national and some local newspaper
from other areas outside the municipality.

To ensure the delivery of information and emergency transactions to 24 barangays

of San Fernando, the Municipal Disaster Risk and Reduction Management Office had
installed radio communication facility. This facility serves as the radio based of the hand-
held radio distributed to 24 barangays.

Meanwhile, telephone or landline service is not yet available as a means of

communication in the municipality. Since it is not yet feasible for some investors to invest
due to the limited number of subscribers or the highest cost or investment is very high as
compared to its demand.

Table 3.118
Type and location of Communication Facilities
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018

Type of Facilities Location

Postal Services Poblacion Halapitan
5 Cell Sites (2- Smart and 3-Globe) Sitio Tuburan and Poblacion of Barangay Halapitan,
and Sitio Palao of Barangay Mabuhay
Internet providers (Smart and Globe) Sitio Tuburan and Poblacion of Barangay Halapitan
Broadcast and Television (Skydirect and Cignal channels) Outside LGU, Mt Kitanglad, Malaybalay City
Radio Based Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Office
Hand-held Radio All Barangays
Source: MEO

As of the present, postal services located within the poblacion, still accomodates
national and international out-going mails coming from the 24 barangays. Based on 2017
to 2018 inventory of mails as shown on Table 3.119, the volume of mails received has
decreased by 13.445. This is due to the presence of the cellular based stations that also
offer the internet services via broadband connections. In terms of area coverage not all
barangays is served by the cell sites.

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 Globe Cell Site at Sitio Palao of Barangay Mabuhay, San Fernando, Bukidnon

Table 3.119
Current and Projected Volume of Mails Received and Dispatched
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018, 2020, 2021

Year Received Dispatched

2018 34,078 24,916
2020 34,251 24,834
2021 29,495 25,311
Source: San Fernando Post Office

However, with the complete construction of national road traversing within the
municipality and linking to the province of Davao, the next 10 years modern communication
facilities will definitely increase its number to cater to the demand of subscribers in the
remote areas. Postal services will operate up to the fullest and landline telephone services
will be available in the urban core and its urbanizing barangays.

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B. Goal

Enhance communication services in the municipality.

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS
Limited of communication - Limited number of - Slow socio-economic
facilities and utilities. subscribers activities
Absence of landline - Relative peace and - Low income.
telephone services and order condition.
facilities.

D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

Limited - Provide - Provide tax - Formulate a social
communication, adequate incentive to acceptability
facilities and utilities modern investors. resolution for
communication - Identify feasible prospective investors
facilities/utilities sites for in accordance with
communication zoning ordinance
facilities/ utilities - Barangay council
shall formulate
barangay clearances
in accordance with
zoning ordinance.
Relative peace and - Maintain peace - Assign PNP - Barangay Council to
order condition in and order personnel assist private
some isolated conditions in strategic companies in
hinterland barangays feasible sites for hinterland providing securities
that are feasible cellular base locations to cell sites.
locations of cell sites stations - Strength the
CVOs.
- Maintain existing
urban-rural
access roads.

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E. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Enhance communication services in the municipality

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population  Existing communication
 Labor force population services, facilities and
 Number of household utilities.
 Location/ distribution of
communication services,
facilities and utilities.
 Area served and un-
served.
 Existing growth areas in
the municpality.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 More services and facilities  Location of proposed growth
 Convenient and affordable areas in the municipality.
mobility within and outside  Projected urban and rural
the municipality. communication.

Available information and technology services and facilities.

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5.3.5 Solid Waste Management

A. Situational Analysis

In line with the national thrust of adopting an environment-friendly solid waste

disposal system, the local government identified and developed a 1.7 hectares with
disposal facility which includes Category 1 Sanitary Landfill, Material Recovery Facility and
Composting Area to cater to the volume of solid waste generated by the population. This
site is located more or less three kilometres from the urban area of Halapitan and is
accessible by an all-weather, gravelled barangay road.

Using the standard per capita waste generation of 0.5 kilograms per day, the total
domestic solid waste generated in 2018 reached 10,920.25 metric tons. As expected, the
majority of the wastes come from the urban area and the rest are heterogeneously
distributed to the other barangays. With the sparse population density of the population,
domestic waste disposal are low compared to these generated in the more populated
municipalities and cities in the province. Moreover, disposal practices in the rural
barangays are still environment-friendly, which generally includes composting of
biodegradable materials, and recycling/re-using plastic bags, bottles and other containers
for domestic activities.

The LGU intends to implement waste diversion strategies through bricks making
using shredded waste materials as additional composition since the MENRO has already
purchased plastic shredder and glass pulveriser.

Solid waste management activities in the urban barangay consists of regular

garbage collection by one full time mini-garbage/dump truck and three support ten-wheeler
dump trucks during heavy generation of waste that happen during special activities and
festivities. There is an existing material recovery facility building but without the needed
equipments to make it functional.

The MENRO takes charge of the solid waste management activities headed by the
Municipal Environment and natural Resources Officer. As of the present, there are private
junkshops that help in the recycling and re-using of non-biodegradable wastes.

Although solid waste generation is still manageable, there is a need for more
equipment, regular office with complete manpower compliment to respond to the
management of solid wastes as shown in Table 3.120.

Table 3.120
Current and Projected Waste Generation
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2018, 2019-2028

Year Population Waste Management (metric ton)

2018 59,837 10,920.25
2019 61,124 11,155.13
2020 62,438 11,394.93
2021 63,780 11,639.85
2022 65,152 11,890.24
2023 66,552 12,145.74
2024 67,983 12,771.89
2025 69,445 12,673.71
2026 70,938 12,946.18
2027 72,463 13,224.49
2028 74,021 13,508.83
Source: MENRO

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Current Solid Waste Management System

The municipality of San Fernando created and established its own Solid Waste
Management Board which is chaired by the municipal mayor and consists of the following
member: a) Sangguniang Bayan (SB) Chair on the Committees on Environment, Health
and Sanitation, b) ABC President, c) Municipal Environment and natural Resource Office
(MENRO) Head, d) Municipal Engineer’s Office Head, e) Elementary School Principal, f0
High School Principal, g) parents and teachers Association (PTA) President, h) Religious
sector representative, i) Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, and j)
Municipal Health Office Head. Among the primary duties and responsibilities of the board
is to develop, implement, and monitor and oversee the implementation of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management Plan which shall ensure the long-term management of solid
waste generated in the municipality and the barangays under its jurisdiction. The Board is
composed of the following committees: a) education, b) engineering, c) enforcement, and
d0 equity.

Momentarily, there is no formal and systematic source reduction strategy that has
been adopted by the LGU concerned. Mostly, source reduction is done at the household
level. For instance, some bring their own eco bags or empty ice cream containers when
doing marketing or grocery to avoid unnecessary packaging materials. A few residents
also avoid disposable goods and products that are non-renewable such as plastics and
cellophanes. These practices are mostly adopted by individuals who are more
environmentally conscious and socially responsible.

Waste Characterization

To determine the volume of waste generated, a waste characterization study was

conducted inside the project area. Majority of the wastes produced by San Fernando are
biodegradable/ compostable waste. This is around 56.4% of the total generated waste of
the said sector. This is followed by residual wastes which comprised 29.10% of the total
waste generated in the municipality. Only 14.30% of the wastes generated from San
Fernando are residuals. Special waste comprises only 0.2% of the waste.

Table 3.121 shows the quantity of waste of San Fernando by source which resulted
from its Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) in year 2015. As shown in
the table, the market is the single highest source of waste in the municipality with 107.03
kg per day. This is equivalent to 39.06 metric tons 9MT) of waste per year. However, in
terms of the overall waste, residential is the highest source of waste. This is equivalent to
2,790.20 MT of waste per year which is around 755 of all the annual waste from all sources
in the municipality. In fact, even if we combine waste from both commercial and institutional
establishments, this is only comprises around 23% of all the annual waste in the
municipality. This means that residents of households should be the main target for IEC
to further improve waste management in San Fernando.

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 307
Table 3.121
Quantity of Waste Disposed by Sector
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015

Sector Generation Total Total Total Total Waste Total

per Waste Number Waste Waste Generation Waste
Unit (kg) of Units Generation Generation per Annum Generation
per Day per Day (Kg) per Annum
(Kg) (MT) (MT)
Residential 0.13 58,803 7,644.39 7.64 2,790,202.35 2,790.20
Commercial 2.07 540 1,17.80 1.12 407,997.00 407.99
Institutional 7.92 166 1,314.72 1.31 479,872.80 479.87
Market 107.03 1 107.03 0.11 39,065.95 39.06
Others 0.88 123 108.24 0.11 39,507.60 39.51
Total 118.03 59,633 10,292.18 10.29 3,756,645.70 3,756.64
Source: MENRO

As shown in Table 3.122, biodegradables are the most type of waste generated in
San Fernando which is around 56% of the total daily waste from all sources. However, the
market is the highest source of biodegradables (90%) this is understandable since markets
produce mostly food waste. Residuals are the second most generated type of waste in
San Fernando with almost 30% of the total waste from all sources. Households and
institutional establishments are the main sources of residuals in the municipality.
Recyclables are the third most generated waste in San Fernando which comprises around
14% of the total daily waste from all sources in the municipality. Households produce the
most percentage of recyclables compared to other waste sources. Special waste are the
fewest type of waste at less than 1% of the total waste produced daily. Among all the waste
sources, special waste are not generated in commercial establishments as well as the
market.

Table 3.122
Quantity and Composition of Waste Disposed by Sector
San Fernando, Bukidnon
2015

Average Daily Generation Rate by Waste Type (kg/day) Total

Biodegradable Recyclable (%) Residual (%) Special (%)
Sector
Kg % Kg % Kg % kg % Kg %
Residential 4,902.05 53.50 1,233.99 16.10 2,303.54 30.10 14.81 0.10 7,644.39 74.27
Commercial 804.73 71.90 61.42 5.50 251.65 22.50 - - 1,117.80 10.86
Institutional 734.03 55.80 167.73 12.70 403.95 30.70 9.01 0.70 1,314.72 12.77
Market 96.43 90.10 0.54 0.50 10.06 9.40 - - 107.03 1.04
Others 70.75 65.30 11.07 10.20 26.20 24.20 0.22 0.20 108.24 1.05
Total 5,798 56.30 1,474.75 14.30 2,995.40 29.10 24.04 0.20 10,292.18 100

Collection

Garbage collection in San Fernando covers eight urban barangays and 12 of the
rural barangays of the municipality. The system adopts the communal method where
common collection points are identified in public places. Households and other waste
sources are required to segregate their wastes into three: biodegradable, recyclable and
residual. In the case of households, only recyclables and residuals are being collected as
biodegradables such as food wastes could be composted by themselves. There are also
some households and commercial establishments that no longer include their recyclables
for collection as they themselves sell these to junk buyers for additional income.

Households and public market lessees are free to choose proper containers such
as cans, sacks, bags or bins that will facilitate sanitary, efficient handling, storage,
collection, transport or disposal at least cost. The garbage collectors then collect the

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 308
accumulated wastes which are mostly segregated into recyclables and residuals. Food
wastes from commercial centers (e.g. food centers, restaurants, canteens, etc.) are
collected as fodder/animal feeds. Meanwhile, rural barangays of the municipality devise
their own system of SMW such as provision of small-scale materials recovery facility where
recyclables could be sold and backyard compost pits where biodegradables could be
made into compost.

On the other hand, the peresent system of handling special wastes involves the
close coordination between the MENRO and generators of such wastes. For instance, any
individual or entity is prohibited to throw excess pesticides or wash pesticide containers in
the river systems of the municipality. Instead, individuals or entities are encouraged to give
or donate chemical containers to the MENRO for proper treatment and disposal. Recycling
used motor oils and reselling car batteries are likewise practiced among concerned
individual in the locality.

Some wastes are so hazardous and expensive to treat that priority attention should
be focused on changing to processes that use substitute that are less hazardous, and to
minimizing the quantities that are discarded.

Meanwhile, healthcare wastes are properly treated before finally placing them in
the two LGU-operated septic vaults- one is placed in the LGU Rural Health Unit (RHU)
and other is in its final disposal facility.

Meanwhile, only 20 out of the 24 barangays of the municipality are momentarily

covered in the garbage collection service. The other four barangays which are currently
not receiving collection service are those that are incidentally far-flung and are not really
accessible by the collection vehicle because of distance and poor road network and
condition.

Transfer

The LGU does not operate a transfer station. Only segregated wastes from various
sources are accepted for collection and transport to the MRF and controlled dumpsite
utilizing the same equipment and staff described above. Recyclables, such as dry papers,
plastics, metals/aluminum and glass are placed in the municipality’s MRF while residual
wastes such as sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn out rugs, cartons (which
contains a plastic lining usually used for milk and juice containers), ceramics, candy
wrappers/sachets and the like are disposed in its controlled dumpsite.

Processing Facilities

The municipality of San Fernando currently operates a 1.7-hectare final disposal

facility located in Sitio Malantao, Halapitan. The facility is secured with a perimeter fence
to ensure that no scavengers would be able to operate in the area. Within the facility, a
MRF, vermi-composting and nursery are maintained by the staff of the MENRO as shown
in Tabl3. The MRF serves as an area to further segregate collected wastes and recover
recyclables such as PET bottles, and aluminium and tin cans from households,
commercial centers and other sources. On the other hand, the vermin-composting facility
is used for composting biodegradable materials into organic fertilizer which are used to
sustain the nursery which contains various species of fruit and forest trees. The primary
source of biodegradable materials for vermi-composting is the public market of the
municipality as food wastes and other biodegradables from households are no longer
collected by the garbage collection team. The table below summarizes the waste
processing facilities owned by the municipality.

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 309
Final Disposal

Momentarily, San Fernando is utilizing its Category 1 sanitary land fill in Sitio
Malantao in Barangay Halapitan to finally dispose of its wastes. Only residual wastes
collected from households and other sources such as soft plastics, sanitary napkins,
disposable diapers, worn out rugs and the like are accepted for disposal. Dumped wastes
could are covered with soil on a weekly basis. The 1.7 hectare is owned by the municipality
and is manned on a 24-hour basis to deter entry of scavengers and burglars.
Consequently, there are no scavengers operating in the site ever since. The area has also
a tree nursery and mini forest park nearby to improve its aesthetics.

Special Wastes

Based on the WACS conducted, the municipality generates 0.67 kg per day of
special wastes. This comprised 0.04% of the total solid waste generated. This comes
primarily from residential and institutional sources. At present, there is no systematic
existing storage, collection, and disposal practices for special wastes generated in the
municipality. For instance, the Rural Health Unit of San Fernando takes charge in the
disposal of their hazardous waste through construction of a concrete septic vault.
However, such vault is already full resulting to the making of an excavation for the dumping
of its medical wastes. This excavation is properly marked to avoid untoward incidents like
exhumation. On the other, only paper and other non-hazardous wastes are collected from
this health institution.

Meanwhile, empty pesticide containers are also generated in the area as it is an

agricultural municipality. These containers are used by some residents in fetching and
storing drinking water. The MENRO and MHO staffs are hard pressed in convincing
individuals to refrain from using such containers other than their intended purpose due to
health risks involved.

Health Care Wastes

There is a dearth of available information on the quantities of special wastes

disposed in the area. However, the Municipal Health Office of San Fernando reported that
an average of one kilogram of health care wastes is disposed daily from the rural health
centers/units situated in the municipality.

Markets for Recyclables

There is no junk shop that operates in the municipality. Scrap metals, appliances,
furniture and fixture made of steel/metal or plastics and other recyclables have to be
transported and sold to junk shops in Valencia City which is an hour away by vehicle from
the municipality. There are however ambulant junk buyers that visit households from time
to time. These junk buyers are mostly non-residents of San Fernando. In like manner,
there are also no industries within the municipality that caters the utilization of recycled
materials for whatever purpose or product.

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

Although an education committee has been created under the SWMB of San
Fernando, the municipality does not have yet any formal IEC plan on SWM. However,
informal IEC campaign has been done from time to time to increase awareness of the
public particularly households and institutions in participating SWM program and activities
of the municipality.

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 310
B. Goal

Promote efficient and effective solid waste management

C. Problems, Causes and Impacts (Effects)

PROBLEMS CAUSES IMPACTS

Growing solid waste - Population growth -
- Increasing
infrastructures and
road networks
Open dumping and burning - Inadequate manpower - Community garbage
of solid waste along roads, services and facilities exposure
open fields, drainage, - Inadequate support - Health risk
canals and waterways. and attention of the
greater public services
- Lack of clear
responsibilities and
strong political will in
implementing what is
good for people and
the environment.
.Unmanageable solid - Lack of enough - Disadvantage to
waste disposal technical and municipality’s
engineering expertise capability evaluation
- Inadequacy of
budgetary support to
fully implement
provisions of the law

D. Objectives, Strategies, Policies

PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES

Growing solid waste - Ensure cleaner - Technical -
surroundings in assistance for
the entire Household Level
municipality Recycling and
including its Composting
constituent
barangays.
Open dumping and - Educate - Regular conduct - RA 9003
burning of solid constituents of of Information, (Ecological
waste along roads, San Fernando on Education, and Solid Waste
open fields, the rationale, Communication Management
drainage, canals theories and (IEC) campaigns. Act of 2000)
and waterways. practices of - Legislation and
Ecological Solid enforcement of
Waste Local Solid Waste

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 311
 Management management
(ESWM) policies.
- Generate income - Plan and -
from sales of raw implement income
recyclables and generating
even crafts projects
derived from the - Rewards and
same incentives
Unmanageable solid - Turn waste into - Collection and -
waste disposal. resource thereby transfer. LGU to
helping slow provide adequate
down depletion of garbage trucks to
natural serve the 100%
resources. population
- Protect the - LGU to develop
immediate vermi-compost
environment and facility in order to
health of the accommodate the
public biodegradable
from market
wastes and street
sweepings

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 312
 B. Situational Analysis Framework

SA FRAMEWORK

Promote efficient and effective solid waste management.

POPULATION FACTOR: DEVELOPMENT FACTOR:

 Urban-rural population  Existing solid waste
 Labor force population management service
 Number of household facilities and utilities
 Location/ distribution of
solid waste
management services,
facilities and utilities.
 Areas served and un-
served.
 Existing growth areas in
the municipality.

POPULATION NEEDS: DEVELOPMENT NEEDS:

 Provide more services  Klocation of proposed
and facilities. sanitary landfill of barangay
and clustered barangays.
 Material Recovery Facilities
by barangay and clustered
barangays.
 Segragated trash receptacles
in public places
 Additional garbage collection
vehicle.

Current solid waste practices and facilities of the population.

VOLUME 3 – SECTORAL STUDIES CLUP 2019-2028, Municipality of San Fernando, Bukidnon 313