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Weathering PPT by Sandhya Goswami

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8 views21 pages

Weathering PPT by Sandhya Goswami

Uploaded by

ffdeepu150
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEATHERING

PRESENTED BY
Sandhya Goswami
st
M.A. 1 Semester
Pt. Badri Dutt Pandey Govt. P.G.College
Campus Bageshwar
WEATHERING
• Weathering is the physical disintegration or chemical alteration of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface.
• Or Disintegration or decomposition of rock in its own place is called Weathering.
• Erosion is the physical removal and transportation of weathered material by water, wind, ice, or
gravity.
• Mass wasting is the transfer or movement of rock or soil down slope primarily by gravity.
TYPES OF WEATHERING

• Physical/Mechanical Weathering
• 2. Chemical Weathering
• 3. Biological Weathering
PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL
WEATHERING
• When rocks breaks apart without changing their chemical composition.
• Agents: Sun Light, frost, Water, Air, Pressure, Gravity ets.
• Exampels
• 1. Block disintegration due to temperature change.
• 2. Block disintegration due to frost.
• 3. Granularly disintegration of rock due to temperature change
• 4 Exfoliation due to temperature and wind.
• 5. Shattering due to rain water and temperature
BLOCK DISINTEGRATION DUE TEMPERATURE
BLOCK DISINTEGRATION DUE TEMPERATURE

• When the difference between the day and night temperature is large, rocks expand and contract. ...
This results in the splitting of rocks. This happens in regions where there is a great variation in the day
and the night temperatures .
• Example in the desert
BLOCK DISINTEGRATION DUE TO FROST
BLOCK DISINTEGRATION DUE TO FROST

• When the temperature difference between day and night is significant, rocks expand and contract. As
a result, rocks crack and these cracks allow water to enter.
• Water freezes in the fractures during the night, causing the rock to expand.
• The ice in the rock crevices melts during the day.
• The rock cracks after this process is performed multiple times. Rocks are split as a result of this.
GRANULAR
DISINTEGRATION
GRANULAR
DISINTEGRATION
• Granular disintegration happens when the grains of a rock become loosened and fall out, leaving a
pitted, uneven surface due to changing temperatures.
• Exfoliation is a mechanism in which large flat or curved sheets of rock are broken and separated from
the outcrop due to the release of pressure.
EXFOLIATION DOME

• Exfoliation domes are large, rounded features that form when rocks at the surface expand and
fracture due to heat from the sun.
• The fractures create small domes that are exfoliated (peeled) away from the rock by the wind.
• Exfoliated tors are similar to exfoliation domes but have a more angular shape.
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
• Decomposition of rock through a chemical change in its minerals.
• 1. Hydration
• 2. Hydrolysis
• 3. Oxidation
• 4. Reduction
HYDRATION
• Hydration is a type of chemical weathering where water reacts chemically with the rock, modifying its
chemical structure and converting it into new.compound.
• One example of mineral hydration is when H2O (water) is added to CaSO4 (Calcium Sulfate) to create
CaSO4+2H2O (calcium sulfate dihydrate). It changes from Anhydrite to Gypsum.
• Fe2O3 + 3HOH → 2Fe2O3.3H2O
• (Hematite) (Red) (Limonite) (Yellow)
HYDROLYSIS

• Hydrolysis is a chemical weathering process that may affect silicate and carbonate minerals.
• • Water molecules breaks (dissociation of H₂O into H+ and OH ions) and combines with minerals.
OXIDATION

• Rust forms when the iron reacts with the oxygen in the air to form iron oxide.
• Oxidation is the process of addition and combination of oxygen to minerals.
• . Minerals with high iron content are affected by oxidation including pyroxene and amphibole. The
oxidation gives these rocks a reddish look.
REDUCTION

• The process of removal of oxygen and is the reverse of oxidation.


• It is equally important in changing soil color to grey, blue or green as ferric iron is converted to ferrous
iron compounds.
BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING

• Biological – Plants and animals contribute to weathering.


• Roots physically break or wedge rock
• - Lichens (algae and fungi living as single unit), remove minerals and weaken rock by releasing acids
• Burrowing animals can increase weathering.
BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
LICHENS
• Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus
and an alga.
• The dominant partner is the fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its characteristics, from its
thallus shape to its fruiting bodies.
• The alga can be either a green alga or a blue-green alga, otherwise known as cyanobacteria. Many
lichens will have both types of algae
BURROWING ANIMALS

• A burrow is a tunnel or hole that an animal digs for habitation (a place to live) or as a temporary
refuge (a place of protection).
• Burrows can also be the by product of locomotion—moving from one place to another. Some
burrows function as “larders,” where animals keep food

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