MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of

Masters of Business Administration

Submitted By: Submitted To:
Riddhi Srivastava Ms Akshita Pandey
MBA 1st Year (Assistant Professor)
Student Id : 13220182
Batch (2022-2024)

UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

A-31 UPSIDC Industrial Area, Prayagraj– 21100

Ph. 0532-2686070 ,2686090 fax 0532-2687147

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 UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

A-31 UPSIDC Industrial Area, Prayagraj– 21100

Ph. 0532-2686070 ,2686090 fax 0532-2687147

CERTIFICATE

Mini Project-2022-2024
This is to certify that Mr/Ms…………………………………Roll No ……………….Student of
MBA 1st semester of our Institute has prepared Report on

Concept/title……………….……………………..

He/She has developed the concept of developing new product/ service under my supervision and
has completed with/ partial fulfillment of the provisions of AKTU, Lucknow.

The work is original and has not been submitted anywhere else in any manner.

Signature:………………………

Name/Mr/MS./Dr…………………

Project guide Department of

Business Administration

Date………………………………….

Counter Signed
Signature…………………………….

(Prof K.K Malviya ), Principal

Date…………………….

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a matter of great pleasure to thanks all esteemed who helped me to complete

my final research project successfully otherwise it would not be possible.

Acknowledgement is not only a ritual but also an expression of indebtedness to all

those who have helped in the completion process of the project. One of the most
pleasant aspects in collecting the necessary and vital information and compiling it
is the opportunity to thank all those whose activity contributed to it.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and thanks to PROF.KK.MALVIYA

(PRINCIPAL UIM),DR. ROHIT KUMAR VISHWAKARMA ( HEAD OF
DEPARTMENT, UIM), MR PRIYATOSH MISHRA (CLASS
COORDINATOR) and project guide MS AKSHITA PANDEY(ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR) of the valuable guidance and constant encouragement which
extend through my research project.

Date:
Place : Prayagraj

Riddhi Srivastava

MBA 1st Sec-D

Roll no :09

Student ID :13220182

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 DECLARATION

This is to certify that I have completed the Mini Project entitled healthcare Industry
as an outcome of my own effort under the guidance of Ms Akshita Pandey

The requirement for the award of degree of Masters of Business Administration at

United Institute of Management, Naini Prayagraj.

This is an original piece of work and I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.

Place :Prayagraj Name :Riddhi Srivastava

Date : Roll No: 09

Student ID :13220182

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 INDEX

SR NO TOPIC
1 INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

4 OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY

5 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

6 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGIES

7 SUGGESTIVE STRATEGIES

8 LEARNING OUTCOMES

9 RECOMMENDATIONS

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 CHAPTER-1

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 INTRODUCTION

Healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis amelioration

or cure of diseases illness injury and other physical impairments in people.
Healthcare is delivered by health professionals. Medicine dentistry pharmacy
midwifery optometry audiology pshychology occupational therapy physical
therapy athletic training and other professions all constitute healthcare. It includes
work done in primary care secondary care and tertiary care as well as in public
health.
Access to health care may vary across countries, communities, and individuals,
influenced by social and economic conditions as well as health policies. Providing
health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve
the best possible health outcomes". Factors to consider in terms of health care
access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), geographical and
logistical barriers (such as additional transportation costs and the possibility to take
paid time off work to use such services), socio cultural expectations, and personal
limitations (lack of ability to communicate with health care providers, poor health
literacy, low income). Limitations to health care services affects negatively the use
of medical services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being,
mortality rates).
Health systems are organizations established to meet the health needs of targeted
populations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a well-
functioning health care system requires a financing mechanism, a well-trained and
adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions
and policies, and well-maintained health facilities to deliver quality medicines and
technologies.
An efficient health care system can contribute to a significant part of a
country's economy, development, and industrialization. Health care is
conventionally regarded as an important determinant in promoting the
general physical and mental health and well-being of people around the world. An
example of this was the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980, declared by
the WHO, as the first disease in human history to be eliminated by deliberate
health care interventions

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The delivery of modern health care depends on groups of
trained professionals and paraprofessionals coming together as interdisciplinary
teams. This includes professionals
in medicine, psychology, physiotherapy, nursing, dentistry, midwifery and allied
health, along with many others such as public health practitioners, community
health workers and assistive personnel, who systematically provide personal and
population-based preventive, curative and rehabilitative care services.
While the definitions of the various types of health care vary depending on the
different cultural, political, organizational, and disciplinary perspectives, there
appears to be some consensus that primary care constitutes the first element of a
continuing health care process and may also include the provision of secondary
and tertiary levels of care. Health care can be defined as either public or private
PRIMARY CARE refers to the work of health professionals who act as a first
point of consultation for all patients within the health care system. Such a
professional would usually be a primary care physician, such as a general
practitioner or family physician. Another professional would be a licensed
independent practitioner such as a physiotherapist, or a non-physician primary care
provider such as a physician assistant or nurse practitioner. Depending on the
locality and health system organization, the patient may see another health care
professional first, such as a pharmacist or nurse. Depending on the nature of the
health condition, patients may be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
Primary care is often used as the term for the health care services that play a role in
the local community. It can be provided in different settings, such as Urgent
care centers that provide same-day appointments or services on a walk-in basis.
Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of
patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to
maintain optimal health, and patients with all types of acute and chronic
physical, mental and social health issues, including multiple chronic diseases.
Consequently, a primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of
knowledge in many areas. Continuity is a key characteristic of primary care, as
patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine check-ups
and preventive care, health education, and every time they require an initial
consultation about a new health problem. The International Classification of
Primary Care (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing
information on interventions in primary care based on the reason for the patient's
visit.
SECONDARY CARE includes acute care: necessary treatment for a short period
of time for a brief but serious illness, injury, or other health condition. This care is

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often found in a hospital emergency department. Secondary care also includes
skilled attendance during childbirth, intensive care, and medical imaging services.
The term "secondary care" is sometimes used synonymously with "hospital care".
However, many secondary care providers, such as psychiatrists, clinical
psychologists, occupational therapists, most dental specialties or physiotherapists,
do not necessarily work in hospitals. Some primary care services are delivered
within hospitals. Depending on the organization and policies of the national health
system, patients may be required to see a primary care provider for
a referral before they can access secondary care.
In countries that operate under a mixed market health care system,
some physicians limit their practice to secondary care by requiring patients to see a
primary care provider first. This restriction may be imposed under the terms of the
payment agreements in private or group health insurance plans. In other
cases, medical specialists may see patients without a referral, and patients may
decide whether self-referral is preferred.
In other countries patient self-referral to a medical specialist for secondary care is
rare as prior referral from another physician (either a primary care physician or
another specialist) is considered necessary, regardless of whether the funding is
from private insurance schemes or national health insurance.
TERTIARY CARE is specialized consultative health care, usually
for inpatients and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a
facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and
treatment, such as a tertiary referral hospital.
Examples of tertiary care services are cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac
surgery, plastic surgery, treatment for severe burns,
advanced neonatology services, palliative, and other complex medical and surgical
interventions.
The term quaternary care is sometimes used as an extension of tertiary care in
reference to advanced levels of medicine which are highly specialized and not
widely accessed. Experimental medicine and some types of
uncommon diagnostic or surgical procedures are considered quaternary care. These
services are usually only offered in a limited number of regional or national health
care centers.

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 CHAPTER-2

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

 To examine the problem of negligence of rural population in health care

sector
 To study the problem of social inequality faced in healthcare industry

 To examine the problem of medical research face in healthcare industry

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 CHAPTER-3

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

(Yuehong YIN et.al) Extensive research has been dedicated to the

exploration of various technologies such as information technologies (IT) in
complementing and strengthening existing healthcare services. In particular,
the Internet of Things (IOT) has been widely applied to interconnect
available medical resources and provide reliable, effective and smart
healthcare service to the elderly and patients with a chronic illness. The aim
of this paper is to summarize the applications of IoT in the healthcare
industry and identify the intelligentization trend and directions of future
research in this field. Based on a comprehensive literature review and the
discussion of the achievements of the researchers, the advancement of IoT
in healthcare systems have been examined from the perspectives of enabling
technologies and methodologies, IOT-based smart devices and systems, and
diverse applications of IOT in the healthcare industries. Finally, the
challenges and prospects of the development of IOT based healthcare
systems are discussed in detail.

(Salma Elabed et.al) Healthcare organizations today are placing greater

emphasis on their environmental, social, and economic impacts. They are
considering greening the healthcare through initiatives that have tackled
every aspect of the healthcare system including building infrastructure,
energy efficiency, water conservation, medical equipment, and others while
maintaining delivering better patient care. Embedding the sustainability
concept to the healthcare industry is essential to not only protect currently
available resources, but also to enhance the overall services provided to
patients. Medical devices used in hospitals are being reported for significant
energy and resources consumption; which in turn creates a great impact
socially, economically, and environmentally. This paper provides an
overview of the various practices that aid in achieving sustainability in
medical equipment in the healthcare industry.

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 (L. Minh Dang et.al) The fast development of the Internet of Things (IoT)
technology in recent years has supported connections of numerous smart
things along with sensors and established seamless data exchange between
them, so it leads to a stringy requirement for data analysis and data storage
platform such as cloud computing and fog computing. Healthcare is one of
the application domains in IOT that draws enormous interest from industry,
the research community, and the public sector. The development of IoT and
cloud computing is improving patient safety, staff satisfaction, and
operational efficiency in the medical industry. This survey is conducted to
analyze the latest IOT components, applications, and market trends of IoT
in healthcare, as well as study current development in IoT and cloud
computing-based healthcare applications since 2015. We also consider how
promising technologies such as cloud computing, ambient assisted living,
big data, and wearables are being applied in the healthcare industry and
discover various IOT, e-health regulations and policies worldwide to
determine how they assist the sustainable development of IoT and cloud
computing in the healthcare industry. Moreover, an in-depth review of IoT
privacy and security issues, including potential threats, attack types, and
security setups from a healthcare viewpoint is conducted. Finally, this paper
analyzes previous well-known security models to deal with security risks
and provides trends, highlighted opportunities, and challenges for the IoT-
based healthcare future development.

(DonHee Lee et.al) This study examines the current state of artificial
intelligence (AI)-based technology applications and their impact on the
healthcare industry. In addition to a thorough review of the literature, this
study analyzed several real-world examples of AI applications in healthcare.
The results indicate that major hospitals are, at present, using AI-enabled
systems to augment medical staff in patient diagnosis and treatment
activities for a wide range of diseases. In addition, AI systems are making
an impact on improving the efficiency of nursing and managerial activities
of hospitals. While AI is being embraced positively by healthcare providers,

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 its applications provide both the utopian perspective (new opportunities)
and the dystopian view (challenges to overcome). We discuss the details of
those opportunities and challenges to provide a balanced view of the value
of AI applications in healthcare. It is clear that rapid advances of AI and
related technologies will help care providers create new value for their
patients and improve the efficiency of their operational processes.
Nevertheless, effective applications of AI will require effective planning
and strategies to transform the entire care service and operations to reap the
benefits of what technologies offer.

(SangM Lee et.al) This study examines the opportunities and challenges
involved with contactless healthcare services in the post-COVID-19
pandemic era. First, we reviewed the literature to analyze contactless or
contact-free healthcare services that have been utilized in pre-and during the
COVID-19 pandemic periods. Then, we interviewed medical experts and
hospital administrators to gain knowledge about how healthcare providers
are currently working to mitigate the spread of COVID and preparing for
the post-pandemic period. Thus, we analyzed the evolution and utilization
of contactless services during the three different time periods: pre-, during-,
and post-COVID-19. The results indicated that in the post-COVID-19 era, a
new normal of hybrid healthcare services would emerge. While some of the
contactless services that have been practiced during the pandemic may
revert to the traditional face-to-face services, those innovative contactless
healthcare services that have been proven effective during the pandemic
would be practiced or even advanced in the post-pandemic period due to the
accelerating technological developments. This study suggests many
potential opportunities and daunting challenges for healthcare institutions,
policymakers, and consumers regarding the implementation of contactless
services in the post-COVID-19 era.

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 CHAPTER-4

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 OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY

STRONG DEMAND
Healthcare market is expected to reachUS$372 billion by 2022 driven by
rising income better health awareness lifestyle and increasing access to
insurance. As of 2021 the Indian healthcare sector is one of the India’s
largest employment as it employs a total 4.7 million people.

ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES
In the economic survey of 2022 Indias public expenditure on healthcare
stood at 2.1% of GDP in 2021-22 against 1.8% in 2021-21.Two vaccines
(Bharat Covaxin and Oxford Astra Zeneca’s Covishield manufactured by7
SII) were instrumental in medically safeguarding the Indian population
against covid-19.

RISING MANPOWER
Availability of large pool of well trained medical professional in the
country. The number of allopathic doctors with recognized medical
qualification registered with State medical council national medical council
increased to 1.27 million in July 2021 from 0.83 million in 2010

POLICY AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

In Union Budget 2022-23 RS 86200 was allocated to the Ministry of health
and family welfare. The Indian government is planning to introduce a credit
incentive programme worth Rs 500 billion to boost the country’s healthcare
infrastructure. Indian healthcare delivery system us categorized into major
components public and private.

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 INVESTMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS

The Indian healthcare is expected to record three fold rise growing at

CAGR of 22% between 2016- 2022 to reach US$372 billion in 2022 from
US$110 billion in 2016. As per information provided to the Lok Sabha by
the Ministry for state for health and welfare Dr Bharti Pawar the doctor
population ratio in the country is 1:854 assuring 80% availability of 12.68
lakh registered allopathic docters and 5.67 ayurvedic docters

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

With the aim of achieving inclusive growth, recent policy initiatives in

health sector include two programmes, viz. (1) National Rural Heath Mission, and
(2) National Urban Health Mission, the two forming Sarva Swasthya Abhiyan in
heath sector.

National Rural Health Mission:

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is an Indian health programme for
improving healthcare delivery across rural India. NRHM was launched to address
the infirmities and problems, prevailing across the primary healthcare system in the
country. The mission aims to provide universal access to equitable, affordable, and
quality healthcare that is accountable and at the same time responsive to the needs
of the people.

Five Planks of the Mission:

With the aim of achieving inclusive growth, recent policy initiatives in health sector
include two programmes, viz. (1) National Rural Heath Mission, and (2) National
Urban Health Mission, the two forming Sarva Swasthya Abhiyan in heath sector.

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 MARKET SIZE

Current market size of Indian Medtech industry is estimated to be $ 11 bn with a

CAGR of 15% over last 3 years with potential to reach $ 50 bn by 2030

Healthcare industry in India comprises of hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials,

outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical
equipment. The healthcare sector is growing at a tremendous pace owing to its
strengthening coverage, services, and increasing expenditure by public as well
private players.
 The hospital industry in India, accounting for 80% of the total healthcare market, is
witnessing a huge investor demand from both global as well as domestic investors.
The hospital industry is expected to reach $132 Bn by 2023 from $61.8 Bn
in 2017, growing at a CAGR of 16-17%.
 In 2020, India’s Medical Tourism market was estimated to be worth $5-6 Bn and is
expected to grow to $13 Bn by 2026.
 The diagnostics industry in India is currently valued at $4 Bn. The share of the
organized sector is almost 25% in this segment (15% in labs and 10% in
radiology).
 1,56,000 Ayushman Bharat centers, which aim at providing primary health care
services to communities closer to their homes, are operational in India.
 More than 390 Mn ABHA numbers generated under the Ayushman Bharat Digital
Mission
India is a preferred destination for Medical Value Travel (MVT) where patients
from all over the globe come to "Heal in India" and is growing as huge opportunity
area in the Healthcare

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 CHAPTER-5

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 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

1. NEGLECT OF RURAL POPULATION

A serious drawback of India’s health services is the neglect of rural

masses.It is largely a service based on Urban hospitals Although there are
large number of rural hospitals yet the urban bias is visible According to
health information 31.5% of hospitals and 16% hospital beds are situated in
rural areas where 75% of total population resides. Moreover the doctors are
unwilling to serve in rural areas. Instead of evolving a health system
dependent on paramedical to strengthen the periphery. India has evolved
one dependent on doctors giving it a top heavy character.

2 EMPHASIS ON CULTURE METHOD

The health system of India depends almost on the imported western
models. It has no roots in the culture and tradition of the people. It is mostly
service based on urban hospitals. This has been the cost of providing
comprehensive primary healthcare to all . Otherwise speaking it has
completely neglected preventive pro motive rehabilitative and public health
measures.

3 INADEQUATE OUTLAY OF HEALTH

According to the National Health Policy 2002 the government contributes
to the health care constitutes only0.9% of the GDP.This is quite insufficient
In India public expenditure on health is 17.3% of the total health
expenditure and in China 24.9% Sri-Lanka 45.4%. This is the main cause of
low health in the country.

4 SOCIAL INEQUALITY
The growth of health facilities has been highly imbalanced in India Rural
hilly and remote areas of the country are under served in urban areas and
cities health facility is well developed The SC ST and the poor people are
far away from the modern health services.

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 5 SHORTAGE OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL
In India shortage of medical personnel like doctors nurse is the basic
problem in the health care sector. In 1999-2000 while there were only 5.5
doctors per 10000 population in India the same is 25 in USA 20 in
China.Similarly the number of hospitals and dispensaries is insufficient in
comparison to our large population.

6 MEDICAL RESERARCH
Medical research in the country need to be focused on drugs and vaccines
for tropical diseases which are normally neglected by International
Pharmaceutical companies on account of their limited profitability potential.
The National Health Policy 2002 suggest to allocate more funds to boosts
medical research in this direction.

7 EXPENSIVE HEALTH SERVICE

In India health services especially allopathic are quite expensive. It hits the
common man. Prices of various essential drugs have gone up. Therefore
more emphasis should be given to the alternative system of medicine.
Ayurveda and Homeopathy is less costly and will serve the common man in
better way. Concluding the healthcare system has many problems. These
problems can be overcome by effective planning and allocating the funds.

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 CHAPTER-6

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 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY

Many innovative leaps in health technology have been made in the centuries
people have been practicing medicine, yet few have had as much
widespread influence or impact as digital technology. Dramatic
improvements in networking and computers have not only expanded
options for medical treatments but have also transformed how clinicians
perform their jobs.
Although forward thinkers started discussing the possibility of using
computers in medicine as early as the 1960s, computers were initially too
expensive and unreliable for medical practices to rely on. As technology
improved and costs came down, policies and data standards were created to
encourage healthcare organizations to adopt new technology not just for
medical equipment, like diagnostic imaging machines, but also for everyday
record keeping. Paper medical records were digitized and mostly replaced
with electronic health records (EHRs) that help make it easier for health
data like test results or diagnoses to be accessed efficiently and securely.
Using EHR systems or other technologies while engaging with patients and
creating treatment plans is now standard practice. Laptops and tablets have
become just as common in healthcare settings as stethoscopes, and there's
growing evidence that EHRs are having a positive effect on accessing and
exchanging health information.
However, one large challenge EHRs have created is the accumulation of
large amounts of unintegrated and unstandardized data. Currently, most
healthcare organizations have a wealth of data they could use to improve
their procedures and business practices, but they might not have the tools or
expertise to uncover insights in that data. Newer technologies, like cloud,
blockchain and AI tools based on machine learning, can help healthcare
organizations uncover patterns in large amounts of data while also making
that data more secure and easier to manage
As the healthcare industry faces new challenges, technology solutions are
helping leaders to improve performance, increase collaboration across
systems and manage costs. As demands on organizations increase,

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 healthcare technology can streamline processes, automate tasks and
improve workflows at a scale that’s not possible for humans alone. As
providers at hospitals and health systems embrace value-based health
reimbursement models, these solutions are helping healthcare professionals
to improve patient care, create better experiences and reduce burnout.

Benefits of technology in healthcare

Improving patient care and experiences:

Using technology to measure and capture data across the whole system of
patient care gives health organizations a big-picture view of how they're
performing. Technology also helps to automate that measurement so
organizations can continuously review their results, spot issues that need to
be fixed and uncover ways to enhance care and the patient experience.

Real-time information exchange

From clinicians to patients to payers, many different groups need to be able

to access health records for different reasons. Traditionally, organizations
have had to maintain different records for each group. But with new
technology that makes it easier for digital patient records to be standardized
and stored securely, more organizations are integrating their data so that
authorized people can access the records they need at the time they need
them.

Flexibility for patients and clinicians

Patients are busy and finding time for appointments can be a struggle.
Telemedicine technology and patient portals provide more ways for people
to communicate with health professionals. Wearable technology, like heart
monitors, also gives clinicians more ways to evaluate the well-being of their

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 patients and provides them with more options to record and evaluate
symptoms as patients go about their lives.

AI technology in healthcare

Many current efforts to incorporate artificial intelligence in healthcare are

focused on clinical-decision support and uncovering useful insights from
large collections of data. Healthcare organizations have accumulated so
much data that it would be impossible to analyze it without AI. AI-enabled
tools can sift through the large and complex data sets generated from
electronic records, notes, images, sensors and devices to find trends that
could improve patient care and help researchers develop better treatments
for medical conditions. Although AI technology is still relatively new, there
are many use cases that could benefit organizations across the healthcare
industry.

Blockchain in healthcare

Blockchain technology in the healthcare industry offers a user-centered way

for health information to be securely gathered, verified and shared.
Most block chain provide a transparent, distributed ledger of records that
cannot be changed without the changes being recorded. The technology can
be used to anonymize and safeguards patient data while also providing full
transparency and interoperability across diverse, distributed and highly
fragmented healthcare systems.

Telehealth technology

During the COVID19 pandemic, many providers pivoted to offering

appointments through telemedicine. Many payers also adapted to these
changes by offering equitable reimbursement for telemedicine and
providing better billing options. Even after the pandemic subsides, the
technology ecosystem that supports telemedicine will most likely persist
due to the convenience and flexibility it provides. Patients, especially
people who live in remote locations or who work outside of traditional
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 business hours, appreciate having more options for connecting with
clinicians whether they're using video software on a computer or a mobile
app on their phones.

Cloud computing in healthcare

When most people think of cloud technology, they think of the cloud as a
place to store data. Yet cloud environments do more than passive data
storage. Cloud environments offer ways for healthcare organizations to
build and customize applications that can automate how data moves through
their information technology systems. Hybrid cloud environments in
particular, offer security features that can help organizations maintain
compliance with HIPAA and other regulations while giving them the
flexibility they need to move data around to where it needs to go. This
flexibility also provides healthcare providers with more options for updating
existing legacy systems and workflows. Cloud adoption opens up
opportunities for organizations to use AI and machine learning tools too,
which can help uncover hidden patterns and insights that improve how care
is delivered.

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 CHAPTER-7

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 SUGGESTIVE STRATEGIES

One new technology that can be implemented in the healthcare industry is

remote patient monitoring (RPM). Remote patient monitoring involves the
digital devices to collect and transmit medical data from patients to
healthcare providers in real-time allowing for continuous monitoring
outside of traditional healthcare settings. This technology enables healthcare
professionals to remotely monitor patients vital sign symptoms and other
health parameters providing timely interventions and reducing for frequent
in person visits.
RPM can be implemented through various devices such as wearable sensors
mobile apps and home based monitoring equipment. Some of the potential
applications of RPM includes :

Chronic Disease Management : RPM allows healthcare providers to

remotely monitor patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes
hypertension heart disease. Patient can regularly measure their vital signs
and share the data with healthcare professionals who can provide timely
feedback medication adjustments or interventions as needed.

Post-Operative Care : After surgery patients often require careful

monitoring and follow up. RPM can enable healthcare providers to remotely
monitor patients recovery progress track vital sign assess wound healing
and ensure that they following the post care instructions. This technology
can reduce the need for the hospital readmission and allow patients to
recover in the comfort of their homes.

Elderly Care: RPM can be particularly beneficial for elderly individuals

who may have multiple chronic conditions or mobility limitations. Remote
monitoring devices can track the vital signs detects falls and provide
medication reminders. This technology promotes aging in place by allowing
health care providers to intervene promptly when necessary improving
overall quality of care.

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 Mental Health Monitoring : Mental health conditions requires on going
monitoring and support. RPM can enable mental health professionals to
remotely monitor patients symptoms sleep patterns medication adherence
and other relevant data. It can help to detect early warning signs provide
timely interventions and facilitate personalized treatment plans.

Preventive Care : RPM also plays a role in preventive care by continuosly

monitoring individuals health parameters and providing feedback and
nutrition. It can help identify potential health risks and empower the
individuals to make informed decisions to maintain their well-being.

Implementing RPM in the healthcare industry offers numerous benefits

including improved patients outcome reduced healthcare cost enhanced
access to care and increased patient satisfaction. However it is important to
address privacy and security concerns associated with collecting and
transmitting sensitive health data to ensure patient confidentiality and
compliance with the data protection regulations.

To address the problem of negligence of the rural population in the

healthcare industry several strategies can be implemented:

Increase access to healthcare services: Improve physical infrastructure by

building more healthcare facilities in rural areas and expanding the reach of
existing facilities. This could includes establishing clinics, mobile
healthcare units, and telemedicine services to bridge the gap between rural
communities and healthcare providers.

Health education and awareness: Launch health education campaigns to

raise the awareness of the common diseases preventive measures and the
importance of regular check ups use of various mediums such as radio
television and community meetings to disseminate information in the
language and formal that is easily understandable to the rural population

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 Community Involvement : Engage local communities by involving them
in decision making process Community Involvement : related to
healthcare service. Encourage community leaders volunteers and local
healthcare providers to work together to identify specific needs and design
appropriate healthcare interventions.

Incentives for healthcare professionals: Offer incentives such as loan

forgiveness scholarships and financial support for healthcare professionals
willing to work in rural areas. This can help and attract and retain qualified
doctors nurses and other healthcare personnel in underserved regions.

Training and capacity building: Provide training programs and continuing

education opportunities for healthcare professionals working in rural areas.
Focus on building their skills in areas that are particularly relevant to rural
healthcare such as emergency care primary care and preventive care.

Affordable healthcare services: Implement policies that ensures

affordable healthcare services in rural populations such as subsidizing
heath-care costs implementing health insurance schemes and exploring
public private partnership to deliver cost –effective healthcare.

Transportation facilities: Improve transport infrastructure to facilitate

access to health care facilities. This can include providing free subsidized or
free transportation option for rural residents who need to travel to urban
centers for specialized care.

Mobile technology and telemedicine: Leverage mobile technology and

telemedicine to provide remote healthcare consultations and services. This
can help overcome geographical barriers and provide timely access to
medical expertise reducing the need for patients to travel long distance.

Partnership and collaboration: Foster partnership between government

agencies and non profit organizations healthcare providers and community
based organizations to pool resources share best practices and implement
comprehensive healthcare programs specifically tailored to rural population.
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 Research and data collection: Conduct research and collect data on rural
healthcare needs challenges and outcomes to inform evidence- based
policymaking and program implementation. This can help identify gaps
measure the impact of interventions and guide future strategies.

By implementing these strategies it is possible to reduce the problem of

negligence of rural population in the healthcare industry and improve access
to quality healthcare services for rural communities.

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 CHAPTER-8

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

 Understand the health care industry

 Critically review the role that healthcare industry in today’s economy
 To understand the impact of technologies in healthcare industry and
its problems
 Be aware of the issues and challenges in healthcare industry

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 CHAPTER-9

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 RECOMMENDATIONS

The pandemic has brought healthcare to the forefront of our national discourse. It
is a unique opportunity for all the stakeholders to reinforce their commitment to
provide accessible affordable and quality healthcare for all the citizen. The three
pillar of healthcare are geographical financial and I think most important
technology. From the geographical point of view healthcare infrastructure in India
is concentrated in the urban areas. However today healthcare in three tier cities and
beyond has very fast growth rate.Through Ayushman Bharat the government is
providing insurance coverage to over 500 million citizen. This changing role of the
government from the provider to a payer will have long term implications for
increasing accessibility for the entire population.

Health care is going through a major changes with consumer expectations

from health providers permanently change. Also technology has radically
transformed business models in the healthcare ecosystem. An important
point for our country to consider as we make new strides in healthcare
access delivery and other crucial areas like diagnostics.

A new healthcare era – Trends in the post pandemic world

Four key shifts pivot are transforming the landscape in the post pandemic
worlds accelerators depending minimalism convergence of purpose and
diverging focus. The resultant impact – faster decision contactless care at
scale care continuum coverage with consumers at the heart of it and
increasingly holistic treatment plans with simplified workflows without
losing quality care.

Acceleration:The increased focus on digitalization has helped in

accelerating contactless healthcare and faster decision making.
Technological innovation have further helped patients and consumers to
understand disease better subsequently demand higher quality healthcare
services. The following changes have been identified across the healthcare
frame-work during the pandemic delivering the insights delivering post

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 facto data insights to business insights at scale distrupting traditional
pharma practices.

Embrace technology: Incorporating technology can significantly improve

healthcare delivery. Implement electronic health records (EHRs) to enhance
information sharing, decision-making, and patient care coordination. Utilize
telemedicine and remote monitoring to increase access to healthcare in
remote areas. Embrace artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to
analyze vast amounts of data and provide personalized treatment plans .

Enhance data security and privacy: With the increasing digitization of

healthcare data, ensuring robust security measures is crucial. Implement
strong data encryption, user authentication, and regular security audits.
Adhere to strict privacy regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA) to protect patient information.

Foster interdisciplinary collaboration: Encourage collaboration among

healthcare professionals from various disciplines, including doctors, nurses,
pharmacists, and technicians. Promote interdisciplinary care teams to
improve patient outcomes and facilitate knowledge sharing.

Prioritize preventive care and public health: Shift the focus from reactive
treatment to preventive care. Invest in public health initiatives, such as
education campaigns, vaccinations, and screenings, to reduce the burden of
chronic diseases and improve overall population health.

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Address workforce shortages: Develop strategies to address healthcare workforce
shortages. Increase funding for medical education, nursing programs, and allied
health professions. Encourage career development, mentorship programs, and
continuing education to attract and retain healthcare professionals.

Improve patient engagement: Empower patients to actively participate in their

healthcare decisions. Enhance patient education and communication through
digital platforms, providing access to personalized health information and remote
monitoring tools. Engage patients in shared decision-making to promote better
treatment adherence and outcomes.

Streamline administrative processes: Simplify and streamline administrative

processes to reduce healthcare costs and improve efficiency. Invest in interoperable
systems that facilitate seamless communication between different healthcare
providers and institutions. Automate routine tasks to free up healthcare
professionals' time for patient care.

Promote research and innovation: Support research and development initiatives

to foster innovation in healthcare. Encourage collaboration between academia,
industry, and healthcare providers to advance medical breakthroughs, develop new
treatments, and improve healthcare technologies.

Enhance health literacy: Promote health literacy among the general population to
empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Develop
educational campaigns that provide reliable and accessible health information,
dispel myths, and promote healthy lifestyles.

Address health disparities: Take proactive steps to address health disparities and
ensure equitable access to healthcare services. Develop strategies to reach
underserved populations, improve healthcare infrastructure in marginalized
communities, and eliminate barriers to care, such as language barriers and
socioeconomic inequalities.

It's important to note that these recommendations are not exhaustive, and
addressing healthcare challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving
stakeholders at all levels

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 CHAPTER-10

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 DonHee Lee, Seong No Yoon (2021) Application of Artificial Intelligence

Based Technologies in the Healthcare Industry: Opportunities and Challenges
Int J.Environ Res Public Health18(1)271.
 L.Minh Dang, Md Jalil Piran, Dongil Han, Kyungbok Min, Hyeojoon Moon
(2019)A Survey on Internet of Things and cloud computing for
Healthcare,ICABME
 Salma Elabed,Aya Belal, Abdulrahim Shamayleh (2019)Sustainability of
Medical Equipment in healthcare Industry : An Overview IEEE Volume 2
 Sang M.Lee, DonHee Lee (2021) Opportunities and challenges for contactless
healthcare services in the post Covid-19 Era Science Direct Volume 167,
120712
 Yuehong YIN, Yan Zeng, Xing Chen, Yuanjie Fan (2016)The Internet of
Thingg in healthcare:An Overview Journal of Indstrial Relation
IntegrationVolume 3- 13

www.ijresm.com

https://scholar.googl.com

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/health_care

https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/articles/7-major-problems-ofhealth-
services-in-India/2305

https://www.researchgate.net/publication

Magazines and other Journals

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