CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introduction
The main purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the procurement

practices and organizational performance and also find out the impact of procurement practices

on the organization performance. The administrative and academic staff of Hazara University is

selected to arrange this research. The past researches suggest that there is a positive and

significant relationship between the procurement practices and organizational performance. Data

is collected from the Hazara University SPSS is use for the analysis of data and hypothesis are

tested on the base of data which is collected from the Hazara University.

4.2 Analysis of demographic variables

This part of the data analysis contain on age, marital status, experience and gender. Below table

is use to show the results of controls variables. Table shows the result of every variable after the

data analysis.

4.2.1 Gender

The below table show the gender of respondents on the basis of data which are collected from

the administrative and academic staff Hazara university Mansehra. The data analysis results

show there are 227 male out of the 284 respondents which show 79.9% of the total population of

the respondents and 57 are the female respondents from the total respondents which show the

20.1% of the total population of the respondents. So we can say there are more male than female

in the data which we are collected from the respondents. So males cover the 79.9% of the study

and the contribution of the females is the 20.1% in the study.

Table 4.1 Gender
Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Male 227 79.9 79.9 79.9

Valid Female 57 20.1 20.1 100.0

Total 284 100.0 100.0

4.2.2 Marital status

This section of the analysis shows the marital status of the respondents of the Hazara university

from which the data are collected the below table show the 275 respondents out of the 284 are

the married, so the table show that 96.8% respondents are married in the data which we are

collected and 9 respondents out of 284 are not married which show in the table that are 3.2%

respondents are not married.

Table 4.2 Marital status

MS

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Married
275 96.8 96.8 96.8
.

Valid Unmarr
9 3.2 3.2 100.0
ied.
Total 284 100.0 100.0

4.2.3 Age

Age is the control variable demographic analysis. In this analysis we find out the age of the each

respondent which are include in the data collection. So we find the age of every respondents of

Hazara University from which the data are collected. According to the below table that show that

the 1 respondent out of 284 total respondents have the age from 20 to 25 that is 1%, 5

respondents out of 284 have the age from 26 to 30 that are 1.8% of the total collected data, 22
participants out of 284 total respondents have the age between the 31 to 35 that show the 7.7% of

the total data, 142 respondents out of 284 respondents in the age from the 36 to 40 that are the

50% of the total data, 110 respondents out of 284 respondents in the age of 41 to 45 that are the

38.7% of the total data of respondents and 4 respondents out of 284 respondents in the age of 46

to 50 that show the 1.4% in the total data collection which are collected from the respondents.

Table 4.3 Age

Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

1.00 1 .4 .4 .4

2.00 5 1.8 1.8 2.1

3.00 22 7.7 7.7 9.9

Valid 4.00 142 50.0 50.0 59.9

5.00 110 38.7 38.7 98.6

6.00 4 1.4 1.4 100.0

Total 284 100.0 100.0

4.2.4 Experience

In this section of the demographic variable analysis we find out the experience of the

respondents of the administrative and academic staff of Hazara University from which the data

are collected. The below table show that 1 respondents out of the 284 have the experience from 0

to 1 year so it is cover the .4% of the data, 93 respondents out of 284 respondents have the

experience between the 2 to 5 years that cover the 32.7% of total data, 111 participants from the

284 participants have the experience between the 6 to 10 years so that show it is take 39.1% of

the total population, 75 respondents out of 284 have the experience between the 11 to 15 years

which that 26.4% take a place in the total population and 4 respondents out of 284 have the

experience between the 16 to 20 that show the 1.4% of the total respondents.
Table 4.4 Experiences

EXP

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

1.00 1 .4 .4 .4

2.00 93 32.7 32.7 33.1

3.00 111 39.1 39.1 72.2

Valid
4.00 75 26.4 26.4 98.6

5.00 4 1.4 1.4 100.0

Total 284 100.0 100.0

4.3 Reliability of questionnaires

The reliability of questionnaires is the process in which we check the reliability of questionnaires

that how many the questionnaires is reliable. For this research we select the 35 items so one

questionnaire consists of 35 questions which are taken from the different research papers and

selected for this study. So the total or overall reliability of this questionnaire is .805, so it means

the questionnaire of this study is highly reliable.

The following is the Overall reliability of variables.

Table 4.5 Reliability Statistics

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.805 35

4.4 Descriptive statistic analysis

The using of the descriptive statistic analysis is to find out the mean and standard deviation of

the data which are collected from the respondents. The following table shows the mean and

standard deviation of the all dependent and independent variables. For the procurement planning
the mean is 3.46 and the standard deviation is .49, for the procurement monitoring the mean is

3.45 and the standard deviation is .53, for procurement controlling the mean is 3.39 and the

standard deviation is .48 and for the organizational performance the mean is 3.41 and the

standard deviation is .33.

Table 4.6 Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

PPM_IV1 284 3.00 4.00 3.4613 .49938

PMM_IV2 284 2.00 4.00 3.4542 .53961
PCM_IV3 284 3.00 4.00 3.3908 .48880
OPM_DV 284 2.71 4.14 3.4173 .33546
Valid N (list wise) 284

4.5 Correlation analysis

Correlation analysis is the analysis in which check the association between the variables. The

purpose of the correlation is to find the relationship between the variables that they have any

relation or not. In this research the all variables have the relationship and relationship is positive

and significant the below table show the relationship between the variables.
Table 4.7 Correlations

4.5.1 Correlations
Correlations

PPM PMM PCM OPM

Pearson Correlation 1

PPM Sig. (2-tailed)

N 284
Pearson Correlation .439** 1
PMM Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 284 284
**
Pearson Correlation .533 .450** 1
PCM Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 284 284 284
** **
Pearson Correlation .652 .585 .589** 1

OPM Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

N 284 284 284 284

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The above table shows that the independent variables have the positive and significant

relationship with the dependent variables. So the table states that the procurement planning have

the (r=652) relationship with the organizational performance, so we can say that is the positive

and highly significant relationship between the procurement planning and organizational

performance. Now the relationship between the procurement monitoring and organizational

performance the above table show that (r=585) so we can say that the relationship between the

procurement monitoring and organizational performance is positive and significant because the

value of correlation is less than 1 so we can say that is the positive and significant association

between variables. At last the relationship between the procurement controlling and

organizational performance the table show that the correlation value as (589) so the value is less

than 1 and it is the positive and significant relationship between the procurement controlling and

organizational performance.
 4.6 Regression analysis

The purpose of the regression analysis is to analyze and find out the strength of association

among the independent variables and dependent variable. In our research we find out the strength

of relation between the independent variables (procurement planning, procurement monitoring

and procurement controlling) with the dependent variable (organizational performance). We used

the SPSS 16 for the regression analysis for this research.

The following table states the overall summary of variables.

Table 4.8 Model summary

4.6.1 Model summary

Model Summary

Model R R Adjusted R Std. Error of Change Statistics

Square Square the Estimate R Square F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
Change
a
1 .758 .575 .571 .21980 .575 126.390 3 280 .000

a. Predictors: (Constant), PPM_IV1, PMM_IV2, PCM_IV3

The value of R square of an the independent variable identify the change in percentage that it

bring change in the dependent variable.

R square value states variability in the above table the value of R square is “.575 or 57%” which

explain and means that 57% of the variation in independent variable (organizational

performance) the cause due to the independent variable (procurement planning, procurement

monitoring and procurement controlling).

Table 4.9 ANOVA

4.6.2 ANOVA

ANOVAs

Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 18.319 3 6.106 126.390 .000b

1 Residual 13.528 280 .048

Total 31.846 283

a. Dependent Variable: OPM

b. Predictors: (Constant), PPM, PMM, PCM

Table 4.10 Coefficient

4.6.3 Coefficient
Coefficients’

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) 1.291 .110 11.700 .000

PCM .169 .033 .246 5.117 .000

1
PMM .189 .028 .304 6.725 .000

PPM .260 .032 .388 8.123 .000

a. Dependent Variable: OPM

The above table show that the standardized coefficient value of the beta is (β) = .246 due to the

relation with procurement planning in the organizational performance. It means that the, 1 unit

change in relation with procurement planning the cause of .246 unit change in the organizational

performance, so it means that the H1 of the study is accepted.

The above table show that the standardized coefficient value of the beta is (β) = .304 due to the

relation with procurement monitoring in the organizational performance. It means that the, 1 unit

change in relation with procurement monitoring the cause of .304 unit change in the

organizational performance, so it means that the H2 of the study is accepted.

 The above table show that the standardized coefficient value of the beta is (β) = .388 due

to the relation with procurement controlling in the organizational performance. It means that the,

1 unit change in relation with procurement controlling the cause of .388 unit change in the

organizational performance, so it means that the H3 of the study is accepted.

4.7 Testing hypothesis

The empirical review of analysis is performing to support the framework relationship between

variables. The survey is arranged to gathered data from the administrative and academic staff

from the Hazara University for the analysis. Now we analyze the hypothesis that they are

accepted or rejected.

Testing hypothesis H1

H1; There are the significant and positive relationships between procurement planning and

organizational performance.

The table show that the value of the (β) is = .246 and the value of (T) = 5.177, so that show that

the association between the procurement planning and organizational performance is positive

and significant. The analysis result of correlation is (r= .652, < p= 0.05), so we can say that the

correlate with each other and have the positive and significant relation with each other, so the H1

is accepted of the study.

H2; There are the significant and positive relationships between procurement monitoring and

organizational performance.

The table show that the value of the (β) is = .304 and the value of (T) = 6.725, so that show that

the association between the procurement monitoring and organizational performance is positive

and significant. The analysis result of correlation is (r= .585, < p= 0.05), so we can say that the
correlate with each other and have the positive and significant relation with each other, so the H2

is accepted of the study.

H2; There are the significant and positive relationships between procurement controlling and

organizational performance.

The table show that the value of the (β) is = .388 and the value of (T) = 8.123, so that show that

the association between the procurement controlling and organizational performance is positive

and significant. The analysis result of correlation is (r= .589, < p= 0.05), so we can say that the

correlate with each other and have the positive and significant relation with each other, so the H3

is accepted of the study.

Table 4.11 Testing hypothesis summary

Testing hypothesis summary

Hypothesi Statements of the hypothesis Results

H1 Procurement planning has the significant and positive Accepted

impact on the organizational performance.

H2 Procurement monitoring has the significant and positive Accepted

impact on the organizational performance.

H3 Procurement controlling has the significant and positive Accepted

impact on the organizational performance.