Arellano University

Junior High School Department

Juan Sumulong Campus
2600 Legarda St. Sampaloc, Manila
Score
PACUCOA Accredited- Level II

Subject: ENGLISH 10
Name: Date: December 4-8, 2023
Grade & Section: Teacher: Ms. Angelica R. Bautista, LPT

QUARTER 2 – LESSONs 4&5

Activity Title: Inverted Sentence, Types of Clauses, Phrases, and Sentences
Learning Target/s: 1. Describe what is a sentence and a phrase;
2. Differentiate the types of sentences and phrases;
3. Identify the word order and structure of a sentence;
4. Determine how to construct an inverted sentence; and
5. Compose an inverted sentence with correct subject and verb agreement.
References: Exploring Literature and Grammar 10 (World Literature)
Author/s: Hipol, Maria Paula D.S. and Domagsang, Anne Gelene T.

CONCEPT NOTES:

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A sentence is generally defined as a word or group of words that expresses a thorough
idea/complete thought by giving a statement/order, asking a question, or exclaiming. It is composed of
a SUBJECT (a topic, noun, and something or someone that the sentence is talking about) and a
PREDICATE (describe or talk about the subject which is usually a verb).
TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE OR FORM USE OR FUNCTION
1. Simple Sentence - an independent clause that 1. Declarative Sentence – used to convey
contains a subject and verb and expresses a information or to make statements.
complete thought. 2. Imperative Sentence – used in issuing orders
2. Compound Sentence - two (or more) or directives.
independent clauses joined by a coordinating 3. Interrogative Sentence – used in asking
conjunction (FANBOYS) or semicolon. questions.
4. Exclamatory Sentence – used to express with
3. Complex Sentence - an independent clause
an exclamation point.
and a dependent clause that does not express
a complete thought joined by a subordinating
conjunction.
4. Compound-complex sentence - at least two
independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses. A dependent clause is
also called a subordinate clause.

1
 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
▪ A verb must agree with its subject, in number and person.
▪ A subject in singular form must have a singular verb, and the subject in plural form must have a
plural verb.
▪ In most sentences, the subject comes first and is followed by the verb, especially in affirmative
and negative sentences or independent clauses.
Examples:
1. We need more experts in agriculture and micro-economy.
2. Tigers have not been seen for years in this forest.
3. Where the plant will be built is still a subject of debate.
• In interrogative sentences, however, the verb (in the form of auxiliaries) comes before the
subject:
Examples:
1. Have you finished the report?
2. Why can’t we cash a check in this bank?
3. How did they manage to arrive before us?

NATURAL ORDER INVERTED ORDER

This is the normal structure of a sentence where This is the reversed or inverted structure of a
the SUBJECT comes first before the sentence where the PREDICATE comes first
PREDICATE. before the SUBJECT.
• A bird is happily chirping on the window one early • On the window is a bird happily chirping one
morning. early morning.
• The cat runs toward the fishbone.
• Beyond the meadow flows a beautiful river.
• Many Filipinos love adobo.

INVERTED SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Inverted or Inversion is a grammatical structure in which the usual word order in a sentence
is reversed. Inverted sentences often begin with the verb, followed by the subject, and then the rest of
the sentence. This is the opposite of the typical word order in English sentences, which is subject-verb-
object.
Normally, the word order in an affirmative sentence is subject + verb + object or complement.
However, sometimes, especially in spoken English, when we want to emphasize something, we bring
it to the front of the sentence. This is called 'fronting' (also called front-focus or preposing).
Inversion is mostly used when we want to form a question. However, it might happen in other
situations:
• In questions • After 'so + adjective...that’
• Negative Adverbs of frequency • Expressions containing 'No’
• Expressions beginning with 'not’ • Expressions beginning with 'Only’
• 'Here' and 'there’ • Expressions with 'Little', 'So', and 'Such'
• In Conditional Sentences

CLAUSE VS. PHRASE

CLAUSE PHRASE
A clause is a group of words that functions as one A phrase is a group of words that has no finite
part of speech and that includes a subject and a verb in it and acts to complete the sentence to
verb. clauses are the center of sentences make it meaningful. Phrases strengthen the
Examples sentences to become meaningful and interesting
The play was funny. because it does not contain a subject and a verb
Since the play was funny. Examples
2
 from the stairs
to eat
playing the guitar

TYPES OF CLAUSES
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
It expresses a complete thought and has a It has a subject and verb but cannot be used as
subject and verb. It is the main thought of a a simple sentence. A dependent clause is
sentence and can be used alone as a simple introduced by a dependent word (subordinating
sentence. conjunction).
Examples: Examples:
1. Mrs. Smith bakes wonderful pies. 1. When he entered, the room became quiet.
2. During the rainstorm, the children were 2. After we finished the game, we went to the
frightened by the thunder. clubhouse.
3. She enjoys playing the piano. 3. The girl who was standing by the window is
gone.

TYPES OF PHRASES
1. NOUN PHRASE - A phrase that functions as a
noun in a sentence is called a NOUN PHRASE.
Examples:
It has a noun and a word or words that modify it: 1. Your father just called me.
modifiers. It is usually assembled centering a 2. You are the love of my life.
single noun and works as a subject, an object of 3. Lalisa is my best friend.
verb/preposition, or a subject/object complement
in the sentence.

2. VERB PHRASE - A verb phrase is a Examples:

combination of an auxiliary verb, also known 1. My mom is cooking my favorite dish.
as a helping verb and a main verb. 2. Everyone should meditate daily.
3. We could have won the match.
Examples:
3. ADJECTIVAL PHRASE - An adjective phrase is
1. The man looking at you is a cop.
a group of words that functions as an adjective
2. I met an extremely gorgeous dog
and modifies a noun or pronoun in a
yesterday.
sentence.
3. She leads a very interesting life.
4. ADVERBIAL PHRASE - A phrase that acts as
Examples:
an adverb in a sentence functions similarly to an 1. I’ll call you after the class.
adverb. It modifies the action verb in a 2. You performed extremely well in the task.
sentence. 3. He works very slowly.
Examples:
5. GERUND PHRASE - A gerund phrase starts 1. Eating plenty of grapes in one sitting is
with a present participle (V1+ING) and works a bad idea.
as a NOUN. That means they can be Subjects 2. Going there alone can be dangerous.
and Objects of the sentences. 3. I hate hurrying right before the
deadline.
6. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE - A phrase that Examples:
starts with a preposition and connects a noun 1. The ending of the movie was confusing.
that acts as an ADJECTIVE or an ADVERB in a 2. The man in the white coat is a doctor.
sentence. 3. The dog can hide under the bed.
7. INFINITIVE PHRASE - An infinitive phrase is a
Examples:
group of words that starts with an infinitive
1. To go there alone can be dangerous.
(to+v1) and is followed by the object of the
2. We like to listen to Ben and Ben.
infinitive or its modifier. It generally functions
3. Do you need a towel to clean the mess?
as a NOUN, ADJECTIVE, or ADVERB.

3
 Examples:
8. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE - A Participial phrase
1. The fruits plucked by you were very tasty.
starts with a present participle, (V+ING) or a 2. Frustrated with the unfair treatment,
past participle (v3) that functions as an Alex left the company.
ADJECTIVE or an ADVERB. 3. Having completed the work, I went out to
play.
Examples:
9. APPOSITIVE PHRASE - An appositive phrase is
1. My school friend, Brooks always cut
a noun phrase (noun or pronoun) that sits next
classes.
to a noun and describes or identifies it with a
2. His colleague, Mr. Robinson likes his tea.
new name. It can be essential or non-essential
3. Jeremy, the police officer on duty, wrote
to the sentence.
the speeding ticket.
Examples:
1. She is jumping in the air with joy, her
10.ABSOLUTE PHRASE - A phrase that contains
brother coming from China. (reason for
a subject and an adjective (regular adjective,
the main clause)
present participle, or past participle), and 2. Her mother being sick, Andy decided not
modifies an entire sentence is called an to go to the office. (reason for the main
absolute phrase. It gives more details about the clause)
sentence it modifies. 3. The girl was sitting in a corner of her room,
tears rolling down her cheeks.
(providing details of the scene)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Task no.1: CLAUSE VS. PHRASE (BOOK EXERCISE)
A. Directions: Answer Exercise A on page 132 of your English Book. Copy and Answer. Do it in a
long bond paper then, attach it to this activity.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Task no.2: TYPES OF PHRASES
B. Directions: Identify what type of phrases are the following underlined group of words in each
sentence. Write your answer in the space provided below.

ANSWERS SENTENCES
1. I would like some sugar in my coffee.
2. An extremely important decision was taken at the meeting.
3. His preparation being thorough, Angel aced the exam
4. To rekindle our childhood memories is the reason why we’ve
gathered here.
5. Henry is quite easily distracted.
6. Hiking through the mighty mountain was tedious.
7. Cities known for their architectural splendor are my favorite.
8. My friend, Mangesh, is working on a project.
9. We are driving to the tennis club.
10. They are thinking about hiring Jyouti

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4
Task no.3: NATURAL VS. INVERTED STRUCTURE
C. Directions: Identify the structure of the following sentences if it is a NATURAL or INVERTED
sentence. Write your answer in the space provided below.

ANSWERS SENTENCES
1. We would be able to proceed if the machinery were not in trouble.
2. Should you see him after work, please tell him to return the report
immediately.
3. His last album is much more impressive than his three previous albums.
4. Never had I felt so lonely.
5. The story hasn't been told correctly.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Task no.4: INVERSION
D. Directions: The following sentences below are in natural order. Create the inverted order using
inversion. Write your answer in the space provided below.

1. We can find such massive metal structures nowhere in the world.

Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

2. The oldest desert stretches five hundred miles to the North and across the border of neighboring
countries.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

3. On the city square every Sunday people sell various traditional food and crafts.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

4. She had rarely gone out to town until she was married.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

5. I barely had a chance to react to what was happening.

Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

6. He gave the information only after he was severely beaten by the interrogating officers.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

7. I had known little about the history of this place.

Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

8. The village was so remote and secluded that we had to travel forty miles to buy supplies.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

9. The team would not have underperformed if it had had sufficient time to recover.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________

10. If it had not been an emergency, we could have delivered the aid earlier.
Inverted Structure: _________________________________________________________________