PES University, Bengaluru

(Established under Karnataka Act 16 of 2013)

END SEMESTER ASSESSMENT (ESA) - JULY - 2023

UE22CS151B - Problem Solving With C

Total Marks : 100.0

1.a. Draw a clear picture that shows the Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC) of
a C Program. (4.0 Marks)

1.b. Mention the outputs of below code snippets separately.

i) int n=559, a; printf("%d", a = printf("%d", a = printf("%d", n) ) );

ii) int auto = 8; printf("%d",auto);

iii) printf("%d", -10?10:0);

iv) int a; printf("%d",a = 6 | (8 == 8 == 8));

v) int c=11,d7; printf("%d",c);

vi) int a = 100; a == 100 || ++a == 101; printf("%d", a); (6.0 Marks)

1.c. Write a C Program to count the number of digits in a number taken through
user input and also print the reverse of the number. Print the count of digits in the
number as well.

Sample output:
Enter a number: 1234
The reverse of the number is 4321.
The number has 4 digits. (5.0 Marks)
1.d. i) State True or False:
a) ** is an operator in C.
b) C is both compiled and interpreted language.
c) There are multiple a.exe files in one folder.

ii) How many bytes does sizeof(‘\n’) occupy?

iii) Printf() instead of printf() leads to ________ error. (5.0 Marks)

2.a. Write a C function my_strcpy() that accepts two strings as arguments, and
emulates strcpy() in the string.h file. Test this function with the client code

Sample Output:
Enter Str1:
Exam Over
Str1: Exam Over
Str2: Exam Over (6.0 Marks)

2.b. Find the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "BEST";
int i;
for(i=0; str[i]; i++)
printf("%c %c %c %c\n", str[i], *(str+i), *(i+str), i[str]+2);
} (4.0 Marks)
2.c. i) Define pointers with an example program.

ii) Find the output of the following C code

#include<stdio.h>
int what(int num,int res);
int main()
{
int a = 121;
printf("%d\n",what(a,0));
return 0;
}
int what(int num,int res)
{
if(num==0)
return res;
else
return what(num/10,res+(num%10));
} (4.0 Marks)

2.d. Write a C function that returns the biggest element from an integer array arr
with n elements. In the main(), call the function to the test.

For Example: If the array elements are {9,4,5,7,2,3,19,6,1}, the function returns
the biggest element which is 19 in this case. (6.0 Marks)
3.a. i) Find the output of the following code.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p1 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
*p1 = 300;
printf("%d ", *p1);
int *p2 = p1;
printf(" %d ", *p2);
*p2 = 777;
printf("%d ",*p1);
printf("%d",*p2);
free(p1);
p1 = NULL;
p2 = NULL;
}

ii)
To avoid dangling pointers after free() is used, ________ is assigned to the pointer.
Dereferencing a NULL pointer results in __________. (4.0 Marks)

3.b. The expected output is 5001 and Cricket separated by a tab space. Find
the errors in the below program and write a correct version of the program
to get the expected output.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct SPORT
{
int s_no;
char sport_name[100];
};
int main()
{
struct SPORT sp;
sp = calloc(sizeof(struct SPORT));
sp.s_no = 5001;
sp->sport_name = "Cricket";
printf("%d\t%s\n",sp.s_no,sp.sport_name);
return 0;
} (5.0 Marks)
3.c. In XYZ company there are 3 salesmen. Each salesman sells 2 items. Write a C
program using two dimensional arrays to display the total sales by each
salesman.

Sample output:
Enter the data:
Enter the sales of 2 items sold by the sales man: 0
10 10
Enter the sales of 2 items sold by the sales man: 1
20 20
Enter the sales of 2 items sold by the sales man: 2
30 30
Total sales by salesman 0 = 20
Total sales by salesman 1 = 40
Total sales by salesman 2 = 60 (5.0 Marks)

3.d. Given the structure declaration and the client code, define the function
insert_end to add nodes to the end of the linked list and define the display
function as well to print the data in the nodes.

Sample output:
Enter the element:
30
Enter the element:
20
Enter the element:
10
30 20 10

typedef struct Node

{
int data;
struct Node *link;
}Node;

int main()
{
Node *head = NULL;
int element;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("Enter the element:\n");
scanf("%d",&element);
head = insert_end(head,element);
}
display(head);
}
(6.0 Marks)
4.a. The file sample.txt exists with some data. Write a C program to find the
number of the characters in the text file using fgetc() function. (5.0 Marks)

4.b. Given a sorted array of integers, write a recursive function which searches for
a given integer using binary search approach and returns the index of it, returns -1
otherwise. Use the below function declaration to define the function.

int binary_search(int *array, int key, int start, int end);

array: pointer to the array where the key has to be searched.

key : element to be searched
start: 0
end : size of the array – 1 (6.0 Marks)

4.c. i) A function opr takes two integer parameters and returns an integer. Write a
valid function pointer declaration that can store the address of opr.

ii)
Find the output of the following code.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char line[100]="Hello,All,Friends";
printf("%s ",strtok(line,","));
printf("%s ",strtok(NULL,","));
printf("%s ",strtok(line,","));
} (4.0 Marks)
4.d. Write short notes on array of pointers to structures with an example program.
(2 marks - Definition, 3 marks - Example program)
(5.0 Marks)

5.a. Give brief notes on the following keywords suitable code snippets.
i) volatile
ii) register (4.0 Marks)

5.b. Find the output of the following.

#include <stdio.h>
enum cars{TATA=1,BMW=4,KIA,MG=7};
int main()
{
enum cars c;
c=KIA;
printf("%d ",KIA);
switch(c)
{
case TATA:printf("TATA");break;
case BMW:printf("BMW");break;
case KIA:printf("KIA");break;
case MG:printf("MG");break;
}
printf(" %d ",TATA);
printf("%d ",MG);
} (4.0 Marks)
5.c. Find the output of the following C programs.
i)
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ char a = 'q'; char b = 'p'; const char *c = &b; *c = 'z';
printf("%c",*c); return 0;
}

ii)
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ int i = 999; int j = 777; int* const p = &i; *p = j;
printf("%d\n",*p); return 0;}

iii)
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ printf("%d",sizeof(short) >= sizeof(int)); return 0; }

iv)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stddef.h>
union A
{ double x; int y; float z; };
int main()
{ printf("%lu ",offsetof(union A,z));
}

v)
#include<stdio.h>
void fun();
int main()
{ fun(); fun(); return 0; }

void fun()
{ static int a = -5; a--; printf("%d\t",a); } (6.0 Marks)

5.d. i) Mention any three preprocessor directives with its purpose.

ii) Find the output of the following code.

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 6
#define fun(a,b) a*b
int main()
{
printf("%d\t",fun(MAX,7+7));
#undef MAX
int MAX = 77;
printf("%d\t",MAX);
#define MAX 9
printf("%d",MAX);
} (6.0 Marks)