The Synchronization of the

Germanic and Greek Pantheons

Joannes Richter

Triads of Symbolism Greek languages Germanic languages

Deity Character Day Relations Deity Deity
Zeus Sky-god Thursday Zeus-Father *Dii ēus *Tīwaz TȲR TĪ(WA)Z
DZ(i)EWS Tȳr/Thor ZIU ZIU(AR)
Metis Wisdom Wednesday 1st consort of Zeus METIS (gW)Odin WIT WIT(ES)
Themis Justice Tuesday nd
2 consort of Zeus ΘEMIΣ Tiw TIW TIW(AS)

Table 1 The Synchronization of the Germanic and Greek Pantheons

(the sky-gods Zeus ↔ Tȳr or Ziu, and the cardinal virtues Metis ↔ Themis respectively Wit↔ Tiw)

Abstract
At our birth the child is born with an empty and void brain. In the blossom of our life we may fill
our brain with fancy memories, which in the end we will be loosing all in dementia.
In 1954 I memorized a remarkable set of lessons in the primary school 1, which fettered my brain
with the alphabetical concept of reading and writing.
In order to train and support my memory I decided to condense the most interesting topics of my
studies from ~ 1400 essays to one essay.
The most convincing evidence may be the Synchronization of the Germanic and Greek Pantheons
in the correlations of the sky-gods Zeus ↔ Tȳr or Ziu and the cardinal virtues Metis ↔ Themis
respectively Wit↔ Tiw). The contact between the Germanic Celts and the early Greek traders may
have discussed the Greek religious triad Zeus with his consorts Metis (wisdom) and Themis
(justice) and the corresponding Germanic triad Ziu or Tȳr with the gods Woden (wisdom) and Tiw
(justice). The Latin triad (JU-piter, Juno and Minerva)
The concepts of the religious triads Zeus, Metis and Themis, respectively Ziu, Wit and Tiw are
pentagrammatons (5-letter words), which may have shared the concepts of antipodes of the roots
TIW ↔ WIT, respectively METIS ↔ ΘEMIΣ. The Germanic Triad is based on 3 letters T, I and U
(TĪ-father, WIT and TIW). The highest top in the religious hierarchy may be 10 letter-words
(decagrammatons), such as DYAUS-PITAR and DIOUS-PITER.
The applications of the pentagrammatons in name-giving seems to be evidenced for all alphabets,
including the Elder and Younger Futhark and Ogham signaries. The 5 categories of the letters in a
pentagrammaton are based on the globally equal Place of articulation (lingual, labial, dental,
guttural and palatal2). The oldest pentagrammaton I found was the Egyptian invention or inventor
Theut, in Egyptian: Ḏḥwtj (ḎḤWTJ).
In 2024 my notes needed to be checked, polished and documented. My memory may be emptied
any time. This paper is composed as an overview,

1 Herinneringen aan de Godsdienstles 1954-1955 in Eindhoven (in Dutch)

2 In my essays the letters of pentagrammatons are marked by color codes lingual, labial, dental, guttural and palatal.
The reconstruction of the name Theut, Ḏḥwtj (ḎḤWTJ)
The 5 letters (Djehuti, spelled ḎḤWTY) may be identified as parallels (Y), chick(W), knotted cord
(Ḥ), semicircle (T), and snake (Ḏ) in the Egyptian Hieroglyphic Alphabet of Isaac Taylor (1883).
The letter Ḥ is found in the Ugaritic alphabet, but is missing in the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew
etymology the Ugaritic letter Ḥ may be replaced by the E.

Fig. 1: Egyptian Hieroglyphic Alphabet with the 5 letters

for Djehuty, ḎḤWTY (ṢḪWTY) – Theuth
The hieroglyphic Egyptian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew Alphabet
The following table lists the hieroglyphic Egyptian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew Alphabet.
The 5 letters (Djehuti, spelled ḎḤWTY) may be identified as parallels (Y), chick(W), knotted cord
(Ḥ), semicircle (T), and snake (Ḏ) in the Egyptian Hieroglyphic Alphabet of Isaac Taylor (1883).
The letter Ḥ is found in the Ugaritic alphabet, but is missing in the Hebrew alphabet. The
categorization of the Hebrew alphabetic letters is defined in the Sefer Yetzirah.
The letter O is not listed (or is missing) in this Egyptian alphabet.

Fig. 2 The hieroglyphic Egyptian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew Alphabet

Source: Table from The Story of the Alphabet , Edward Clodd ,1900) - [Pg 143]
( based on data from: www.gutenberg.org )
The beginning of research

Hieroglyphics
My first essay started in September 1954 with a handful hieroglyphics started in the first
page in my Memories to Religion Lessons 1954-1955 in Eindhoven (in Dutch).
One day I seated behind the table desk and heard the greetings of our teacher, who stood in front of
his desk and introduced a young pastor, who opened the black board panels and demonstrated how
the first human beings Adam and Eve. He told us to copy the drawings and to write his speech with
a black pencil. The class was instructed to check, correct and replaced the corrected pencil text,
which should be redrawn as a colored sketch with inked outlines.
By opening the black boards the pastor explained the basic steps of the creation myth on the dark
black boards, which had been perfectly cleaned. Initially the entrance to the heaven was opened for
the first man Adam in a red colored cloth and the first woman Eve in a blue dress. After the Sin both
human beings Adam and Eve were removed from the paradise, in which the entrance had been
closed forever.
I remember the row and the column of my desk in the class. The children in the class were
speechless and none of the kids asked the pastor why the colors of the clothes had been changed
from red and blue to purple. Of course all pupils felt convinced by the story of the serpent, the
innocence and the apple.

Fig. 3 Adam and Eve (at the left in Paradise and at the right the fall of man and original sin)

After school I hurried homewards, where I told my mother the pastor had explained the creation of
Adam and Eve and the fall of man and original sin. Even after 70 years I remembered my mother's
reaction. She was peeling potatoes and did not really concentrate on my experience of the Creation.
She smiled, admired and praised my drawing and texts. Then she promised me to help me to check
the spelling of my writing after dinner.
I remembered my excitement and my mother's patience. She also stored and saved my school
notebooks trough many removals. Later I discovered she even dated the notebooks in tiny letters
with a pencil the year (in this case: “1954”).
In this retrospect I remember my experience of schooling taught me how easy children can be
brainwashed. Later I understood that the alphabet helped us to extend our global memory.
The antipodes blue ↔ red in the Greek and Dutch colors' symbolism 3
The Greek symbolism is in contrast to the first human beings Adam and Eve in mine Memories to
Religion Lessons 1954-1955 in Eindhoven:
• Dutch standards (the colors red = male, Adam and blue = female, Eve)
The Greek symbolic colors for Adam is blue and Eve is red. Also the doors to the washrooms in the
airports is blue for the male passengers and red for the female passengers.
• the Greek symbolism of the colors is (red = female and blue = male).

3 At a journey to Greece in 2019 our guide explained the Greek symbolism in the colors red and blue.
The categorizing of the phonemes
There are at least 3 up to 5 sources as pentagrammatons for the categorizing of the phonemes:

The Sanskrit alphabet

The oldest alphabets which are based on the pentagrammatons may be found in the Sanskrit
alphabet, which is sorted according to the points of articulation (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial,
dental),
The 14 vowels (A, Ā, I, Ī, U, Ū, Ṛ, Ṝ, Ḷ, Ḹ, E, AI, O, AU) was more abundant than the 5-letter
Latin A-E-I-O-U set, and are distributed over all 5 categories (and points of articulation).4
In the Sanskrit 14 vowels are identified in the second column. The vowels are listed at the
beginning of the alphabet:

Fig. 4 The Sanskrit alphabet

(Source: Practical grammar of the Sanskrit language (1864.), by Monier Williams, M.A.)

The old-Persian alphabet

The Old-Persian alphabet is based on 7 triads:
The archaic vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū, the nasals N & M, the semi-vowels Y, V, R, sibilants S, Z, Ś, the special
L and glottal H are found in the old-Persian alphabet:
Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7
Velar Semi-
Vowels Palatal Alveolar Labial Nasal Sibilant Glottal
Guttural vowels L
(Ā), Ī, Ū C, Ç, J T, Θ, D P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś H
K, X, G Y, V, R
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Table 2 The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Source: A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
The dentals seem to be distributed to the R in triad 6 (semi-vowels) and the S in triad 7 (the
sibilants).

4 The Architecture and History of the Eurasian Alphabets

Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”5
In Cicero's book “The Nature of the Gods” I studied Cicero's etymology for the names of the Gods
and compared Cicero's etymology with my sources.
Obviously Cicero must have felt quite helpless. In most of his suggestions he seems to be ridiculing
his efforts.
An origin “iuvare” for the sky-god Jupiter and his wife Juno is incorrect.
Also Minerva's etymology is wrong. MINERVA is derived from the Etruscan MENIRVA, in which
the categorization is correlating with METIS (“Wisdom”). Correct is the etymology for DIS-Pater.
Most of the divine names in the Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) and the Aventine Triad
(Ceres, Liber and Libera) are pentagrams.6

Theonym Triad Reference Cicero's etymology Pentagrams

1 Jupiter Cap Book 2, 64 A name, deriving from “helpful father” *DJOUS-PITER
(iuvans pater); also in “Jove” from the Related to IOU
verb “to help” (iuvare) from: DJOUS
2 Juno Cap Book 2, 66 From: the verb to help (iuvare) Related to IU
from: DJOUS
3 Minerva Cap Book 2, 67 Either from: “humble” (minuere) MINERVA
or threaten (minari)
4 Demeter Ave Book 2, 67 From: Ge-meter Included:
(Ceres), (Mother Earth) MÓÐIR (mother)
5 Liber Ave Book 2, 60 From: “wine” LIBER PATER
6 Libera Ave Book 2, 62 From: “Offspring” (Liberi), LIBERa
children of Ceres. (Freedwoman7)
7 Dīs Pater Book 2, 66 From: “dives” (rich) DĪVES PATER
8 Venus Book 2, 69 From: “to come” (venire) VENUS
LIBERtina LIBERtina
9 Saturn Book 2, 64 From: “sated” with years ?
Table 3 Cicero's etymology for the names of the Gods compared with the pentagrams

5 Notes to Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”

6 This paper is a chapter in the essay Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week
7 (from: Freedwoman): A freedman or freedwoman is a formerly enslaved person who has been released from
slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, enslaved people were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their
captor-owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or self-purchase.
The Sefer Yetzirah

The exact definitions of rabbi Saadia Gaon (892 – 942)

In a Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3) Rabbi Saadia Gaon
describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in 5
groups based on their individual sounds8:
1. “Aleph (‫א‬, A), He (‫ה‬, E), Heth (‫ח‬, H), ‘Ayin (‫ע‬, Gh) are [Gu= guttural sounds] produced
from the depth of the tongue with the opening of the throat,
2. but Bet (‫ב‬, B), Waw (‫ו‬, V), Mem (‫מ‬, M), Pe (‫פ‬, Ph) are [La= labial sounds] made by the
release of the lips and the end of the tongue;
3. whereas Gimel (‫ג‬, G), Yodh (‫י‬, I), Kaph (‫כ‬, Ch), Qoph (‫ק‬, K) are [Pa=palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound.
4. However, Dalet (‫ד‬, D), Teth (‫ט‬, T), Lamedh (‫ל‬, L), Nun (‫נ‬, N), Taw (‫ת‬, Th) are [Li=linguals]
separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of] sound;
5. whereas Zayin (‫ז‬, Z), Samekh (‫ס‬, S), Tsade (‫צ‬, Ts), Resh (‫ר‬, R), Shin (‫ש‬, Sh) are [De=
dental sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.” 9
The four versions (“Saadia”, “short”, “long”, “Gra”) of the Sepher Yetzirah are translated in Sefer
Yetzirah: The Book of Creation in Theory and Practice – author: Aryeh Kaplan.
These 4 variants10 ordered their letters according to their categorization in the columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Aryeh Kaplan simplified the English names for the alphabetic symbols, which are garbled in the
alphabet:
A1- B2- G3- D4- H5- V6- Z7- Ch8- T9- Y10- K11- L12- M13- N14- S15- O16- P17- Tz18- Q19- R20- Sh21- Th22
In the English translations the 5 categories are ordered as follows:
Version 1 2 3 4 5
Saadia A,H,Ch,O B,V,M,P G,Y,K,Q D,T,L,N,Th Z,S,Tz,R,Sh
Short A,Ch,H,O B,V,M,P G,Y,K,Q D,T,L,N,Th Z,S,Sh,R,Tz
Long A,Ch,H,O G,Y,K,Q D,T,L,N,Th Z,S,Tz,R,Sh B,V,M,Ph
Gra A,Ch,H,O G,Y,K,Q D,T,L,N,Th Z,S,Sh,R,Tz B,V,M,P
Table 4 The four (Saadia, short, long, Gra) categories of the Sepher Yetzirah

8 Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd) 10.11.2020, 20:11:09, j ri

9 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology – Wikipedia – quoted in Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd) -
10.11.2020, 20:11:09, j ri
10 The Gra-version in the main text and and the other versions in appendix I
The 2-dimensional pattern of the Younger ϝYÞAR-signary
The Younger ϝYÞAR(k) signary is an abbreviated version of the elder Futhark. In contrast to the
standard Futhark signaries the Younger ϝYÞAR(k) display the theonym (ϝYÞAR) at the first row of
the 2-dimensional table. This feature allows the alphabetical designers to modify the signary from
the 6th character. From the 6th letter all letters may be removed or replaced at lib. We may compare
the following 4 runic signaries:
1. Elder Futhark (24 Runes, 2e century AD)
2. Younger Futhark (16 Runes, 7e century AD)
3. Staveless Runes or Hälsinger Runes (15 Runes, 7e – 9e century AD)11
4. the dotted symbols in the nordic Runes.
5. The Anglo-Saxon runes (34 Runes, 5th through 11th centuries AD)
In the Staveless Runes (15 letters) we may identify the missing of the letter A, which disturbs the
theonym's pattern.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1 Symbol ᚠᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛈ ᛇ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ
2 Elder Futhark F U ÞARKGWH N I J P Ï Z S T B E M L Ŋ D O
3 Younger Futhark F U ÞARK H N I Æ S T B M L R
4 Staveless Runes F U Þ RK H N I A S T B M L R
5 Younger ϝYÞAR(k) F Y ÞARK H N I Æ S T B M L R
Table 5 The Futhark Signaries

Fig. 5 Overview of the theonyms in the display of the Latin, Futhark and Ogham signaries

Obviously these words are correlating12:

row language Sky-god Virtue “wisdom” Virtue “justice”
2 Early Greek 2 Θ9 Ι10 Ε5 Υ6 (s15) Μ13 Ε5 Θ9 Ι10 (s15) Θ9 Ε5 Μ13 Ι10 (s15)
3 Futhark 1 T Æ I W S W I T Æ S T I W Æ S
Table 6 The triads of theonyms (sky-god and 2 virtues)
for the languages Germanic (Futhark) and Early Greek

11 The Staveless runes were the climax of the simplification process in the evolution of runic alphabets that had started
when the Elder Futhark was superseded by the Younger Futhark.[1] (bron (Wikipedia): Hälsinge runes)
12 The 2-Dimensional Alphabets' Compendium
The parents Father-sky and Mother-earth13
According to the Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” the
words FADIR and MODIR each represented all 5 categories of the sounds in the human
voices. In speaking these pentagrams seemed to belong to the most complex spellings, in
which all muscles of the speaking mechanism had to be activated. These words belonged to
the last words, which our baby's may learn to pronounce correctly...
For the non-Germanic PIE-languages the contrast between PITAR en MATIR seems to be a
common feature in the linguistic concept. The “i”-sound belongs to the sounds, which
require experience in speaking. Especially the old etymology for the PI in PITAR cannot be
accepted. The etymology needs to be redesigned for the words PITAR, PITA and Ju-PITER.
In the Latin word JU-PITER the vowel “i” is located in the first syllable of PITER. In modern
languages these palatal “i”-sounds seemed to have vanished and replaced by another category
(named gutturals). Only the sky-gods Jupiter and Dyaus-Pitar seemed to have preserved the “i”-
sounds.
In Latin and Sanskrit the “i”-palatal is preserved in „DIOUS-PITER“ (or Ju-PITER), respectively
„DYAUS-PITAR14“ (Devanagari द ष त, Dyáuṣpitṛṛ). This preservation may indicate the symbolic
impact of the letter “i” in the pentagrams, which may have been designed as the most important
words. In the pentagrams such as the sky-father, the father and mother the 5 symbolic sounds may
be chosen to represent the 5 fundamental symbols of the universe.
The symbolism of the dual name-giving „DYAUS-PITAR” deviates from the couple of words
„DYAUS” (“daylight”, “sky”) and “PITAR” (“father”). The dual name “sky-father” represents a
deity, which upgrades both singular words “sky” and “father”.
An extra upgrade may be based on the composition of the 5 letter words, in which „DYAUS” and
“PITAR” represent pentagrams.
At the line 2-24 the Book Genesis describes FATHER and MOTHER, which originally in Wycliffe's
Bible may have been pentagrams as well. In Wycliffe's Bible these words may represent the second
respectively third pentagrams. In the King James Version the pentagrams FADIR and MODIR
already had lost their symbolic power and are spelled FATHER and MOTHER.
WYC2-24 Wherfor a man schal forsake FADIR and MODIR, and schal cleue to his wijf,
and thei schulen be tweyne in o fleisch.

KJV-2-24 Therefore shall a man leave his FATHER and his MOTHER, and shall cleave
unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.

13 A new Etymology for the Pentagrams (PITAR & MATIR)

14 Source Diaus pitar
The personal pronouns of the first person singular and dual

Introduction
In June 2024 I visited the Humboldt Forum in Berlin. Wilhelm von Humboldt studied the dual form
in languages, which is located between singularity and plurality. There was something between the
self (ego) and the world (all others), which may play a role in understanding the world.
In one of his latest essays “About the Dual Form” („Über den Dualis“, 1828) Wilhelm von
Humboldt (* 1767; † 1835) issues a warning, that we should not consider the dual form as a
superfluous luxury in linguistics. The dual form contributes to the precision in internal relations
between words and enhances the impressive and expressive powers.15
Several philosophers describe the unique status of the personal pronouns of the first person singular
(“ἐγώ”) and dual (“we two”: Gothic: “wit”, Old Icelandic: “við“, Old English: “Ƿit”, Ancient Greek
and Boeotian: νώ, νῶϊ).
A number of European languages composed ego-pronouns as a subset core of the word for the sky-
god. Three-vowel pronouns have been found in remote, alpine areas, in which conservative
structures managed to resist abbreviations and other deterioration of the pronouns. Some of the
abbreviations from three vowels (ieu, jou) to two vowels (jo) will be illustrated in this
IÉU-/JAU-/IÒU-based list.
The nominative of the ancient Anatolian personal pronoun of the 1 st person is (in Singular,
Nominative): *(h1)úǵ16. This Hittite ego-pronoun may be interpreted as: *(H1)ÚǴ.17
The Hittite name Tiwaz of the sky-god may be a pentagram (TIWAZ), which is an equivalent of the
Germanic sky-god Tivar respectively Tiw (TIWAZ). The Hittite cognate deity Šiwat (ŠIWAT) also
may be interpreted as a pentagram. An included ego-pronoun *(H1)ÚǴ may have been reversed
inside the mirrored Šiwat (ŠIWAT) ↔ Tiwaz (TIWAZ).

The singular ego-pronoun

The singular ego-pronoun (in English: “I”) seems to be an antipodal pole for the “external” world.
The definition of an antipodal for “ego” is structured as the rest of the world. The dual form for the
ego-pronoun may be interpreted as a dual pair antipodal in relation to the world.

“Yiou” & “Dïou” in the Dialect around the French city of Nimes
The Provencal poet Antoine Hippolyte Bigot (1825 - 1897) wrote a poem “Fraternita” in the dialect
of his southern French habitat Provence around the French city of Nimes. The poem contains the
ego-pronouns18 (“yiou”, respectively “mïou”)and the French name for God (“Dïou”).19
In the Occitan language the the 3-vowel core ïou is replaced by “iéu” respectively the
pentagrammaton “Diéu(s)” in Frédéric Mistral's Masterpiece Mirèio. The etymologies for both
cores “iéu” and “ïou” are enriched with accents to separate the 3 vowels.

15 The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)

16 Das Hethitische und der grundsprachliche Vokalismus des Personalpronomens der 1. Sg. (Von Zsolt Simon )
17 Die Etymologie des Personalpronomens 'Ic(h)'
18 The Personal Pronoun of the First Person Singular
19 “Yiou” & “Dïou” in the dialect of Nimes
The overview is listed the personal pronouns for the 1st person in singular, (eventually with the dual)
and plural :
Language Ego-pronoun Tu-pronoun We-pronoun God
Hittite *(H1)ÚǴ TIWAZ or ŠIWAT
Latin / Greek EJO (EGΩ) (DIEUS ?)
Sursilvan JEU DIEU
Sutsilvan JOU DIEU (DIOU-PITER)
Aromanian20 IOU , IO
21
Villar-St-Pancrace IÒU MË/ M’ IÒU DIÒU
Lengadocian IEU , JO TU DIEU
Provencal-Occitan IÉU TU DIÉU
Romansch Jauer22 JAU, EAU TI DIEU
Nimes YIOU, MÏOU TÏOU DÏOU
Walloon, Belgium DJI; MI 23 VOS DIU
24
Sardu Logudorese DEO TUE (familiar) DEUS (?), ZESSU25
Sardu Campidanese DÈU TUI (familiar) DEU
Table 7: Three vowel Pronouns (source: The Sacred Vowels in Pronouns)

20 See for details T-V-Distinction in the PIE-Concept

21 Details: The Hieroglyphs in the Ego-Pronoun
22 Quelle: Das Jauer
23 For pronouns, the first one given is for the one doing the action (eg: dji magne = I eat), the second, for the one target
of the action (eg: avou mi = with me).
24 Details: The Hieroglyphs in the Ego-Pronoun
25 Translated as “My God”
The dual ego-pronoun
The Boeotian language seems to use a reversed word νῶϊ (“we two”, ΝΩΩΪ) for the dual form of the
personal pronoun ἰών (“I”, ἸΏΝ). The Ionians (plural: Ἴωνες, ἼΩΝΕΣ) may belong to the
pentagrammatons.
Some dual forms are correlating to the verb for wisdom (“to wit” → “to know”, WIT) and the dual
pronoun (“wit” → “we two”, WIT):
Gothic retained the dual more or less unchanged from Proto-Germanic. It had markings
for the first and second person for both the verbs and pronouns, for example wit "we
two" as compared to weis "we, more than two".

The singular and dual Ego-pronouns may be listed for a few samples. The dual may be composed
by reversing an “I**”-structure towards a “**I”-structure, such as the Boeotian singular ἸΏΝ ↔ a
dual ΝΩΩΪ. The leading “I” of the ego pronoun is transformed to a trailing “I” in the dual form:
Ego-pronoun Singular (1) (“I”) Dual (2) (“we two”) Plural (3 → ∞) (“we”)
Ancient Greek Ἐγώ (ἘΓΏ) νώ, νῶϊ (ΝΩΩΪ) ἡμεῖς ( ἩΜΕΙΩΣ )
Boeotian Ἰώ, ἰών (ἸΏΝ) νώ, νῶϊ (ΝΩΩΪ) ἡμεῖς ( ἩΜΕΙΩΣ )
Upper Sorbian ja (JA) mój (MÓJ) my (MY)
Slovene jaz (JAZ) midva / midve mi / me (MI)
(MIDVE)
Lithuanian aš (AŠ) mudu / mudvi (MIDVI) mes (MES)
Old Icelandic ég, eg, ek† (EG) við (VIÐ) vér (VÉR)
Old English Iċ (IĊ) ƿit (ǷIT) Ƿē or wē (WĒ)
Gothic : ik (IK) wit (WIT) weis (WEIS)
North Frisian ik (IK) wat, wët (WAT) wy (WY)

Proto-Samic *monë (*MONË) *monōj (*MONŌJ)

Kildin Saami мунн [term?] мыйй
Inari Saami Mun (munnâ) muoi (MUOI) Mij (MIJ)
Skolt Saami mon (MON) muäna (MUÄNA) mij (MIJ)
Northern Saami mun, mon (MON) moai (MOAI) mii (MIJ)
Lule Saami mån (månnå) måj, mådja (MÅJ) mij (MIJ)
Pite Sami (emphatic) mån (månnå) måj (måjå) (MÅJ) mij (mija) (MIJA)
Southern Saami : Manne (MANNE) månnoeh (MÅNNOEH) mijjieh (MIJJIEH)
Table 8 The singular, dual and plural for the personal pronouns of the first person26
(Source: Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/monōj)

26 Did Homer's Dual Form (νῶι, νῶ) survive in the Saami languages?
The etymology of the Ionians
The Ionians (plural: Ἴωνες, ἼΩΝΕΣ, singular Ἴων, ἼΩΝ) were one of the four major tribes into
during the ancient Hellenic period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaeans.[2]
The Ionian dialect was one of the three major linguistic divisions of the Hellenic world, together
with the Dorian and Aeolian dialects.
The etymology of the word Ἴωνες (ἼΩΝΕΣ) or Ἰᾱᾱϝoνες (ἸᾹᾱϜOΝΕΣ) is uncertain.[5]27 Frisk
isolates an unknown root, *Ia-, pronounced *ya-.[6] There are, however, some theories28

The god DIOUS and the goddess DIONE

The sky-god DIOS (DIOUS) and the goddess DIONE may each have been related to their own ego-
pronouns. The singular ego-form Ἐγώ (ἘΓΏ) or Latin IOU is related to DIOUS and the dual ego-
form νώ, νῶϊ (ΝΩΩΪ) or Germanic WIT or VID is related to DIONE. In analogy of the JAU-sayers
(Jauers as a Swiss dialect) the Ionians (plural: Ἴωνες, ἼΩΝΕΣ) are interpreted to the “ego-sayers”
of the singular Ἴων, (ἼΩΝ),
In the ancient languages the labial letter M (or the other nasal N ?)may be an equivalent to the
labials W or V. The ancient Greek singular ego-pronoun Ἐγώ (ἘΓΏ) or Latin IOU are correlating.
The I and O are switched.
The dual ego-pronoun ΝΩΩΪ (“we BOTh two”) may be an antipodal form of the singular Ἴων, ἼΩΝ).
• The male sky-god DIO(U)S (DIOUS) might have been related to a singular ego-pronoun
Ἐγώ (ἘΓΏ) or Latin IOU and their derivatives IO(U), YO, YA, etc. respectively Ἰώ, ἰών
(ἸΏΝ).
• the female goddess or Dios' consort may be related to a Boeotian dual ego-pronoun νώ, νῶϊ
(ΝΩΩΪ) and their derivatives M(w)OI, M(w)OY, M(w)AY, etc., respectively Germanic WIT
or VID. The Germanic roots WIT or VID also interpreted as “wisdom”, resp. “to wit” in the
sense of “to know”. The Germanic deity for wisdom is (W)odin.
In the Celtic central fortresses (the southern city Pyrene, now Heuneburg and the Hohenasperg) the
Germanic and Greek philosophers may have concentrated their dialogues on the 3 topics:
1. language, represented by the ego-pronouns as JAU-sayers (Jauers as a Swiss dialect) or the
Ionians (plural: Ἴωνες, ἼΩΝΕΣ),
2. traditions or history, represented by the population (eg. (plural: Ἴωνες, ἼΩΝΕΣ, singular
Ἴων, ἼΩΝ)) and
3. the religion, represented by a earth-goddess (DIONE) or the sky-god (DIOUS).
The overview may be sketched as follows:
Deity People Ego-Pronoun (singular, “I”) Dual (“we two”) Germanic
inclusive derivatives incl. derivatives dual
Earth-diety DIΩΝE Ionian: Boeotian Ἰώ, ἰών (ἸΏΝ) νώ, νῶϊ (ΝΩΩΪ) WIT or VID
ἼΩΝΕΣ M(w)OI, M(w)OY,
Sky-deity DIAUS Jauers Latin: IOU, IO(U), YO, YA Dual was obsolete
DIOUS Greek Greek: ἘΓΏ and gradually vanished
Table 9 The god DIOUS and the goddess DIONE and their Pronouns inclusive derivatives

27 Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 608 f. (Ionians – Wikipedia )
28 described in Wikipedia's Ionians.
The Icelandic personal pronouns of the 1st person
The Icelandic personal pronouns of the 1st person dual are related to “to wit” and “wisdom”. In fact
the Icelandic population preferred to modify the plural form vér (VÉR) into the the ancient
Icelandic dual form við (VIÐ), which in English also correlates to “to wit” and “wisdom”:
Language singular dual plural
English “I” “we two” “we all”
Old English Iċ (IĊ) ƿit (ǷIT) Ƿē or wē (WĒ)
Old Icelandic ég, eg, ek† (EG) við (VIÐ) vér (VÉR)
Icelandic ég, eg, ek† (EG) - við (VIÐ)

Table 10 The Icelandic personal pronouns of the 1st person singular

The most successful languages
In analogy to the list of successful empires languages may also be born, develops towards maturity
and die after a long life. The success of languages may be compared with animals and human
beings, in which Darwin's survival of the fittest rules the market.
We may list the most successful languages as in These are the most powerful languages in the world
or the "Most spoken languages in the World" , CIA, 2022[46] 29

Language PIE-languages Percentage of world population (2022)

English x 18.8%
Mandarin Chinese 13.8%
Hindi x 7.5%
Spanish x 6.9%
French x 3.4%
Arabic 3.4%
Bengali x 3.4%
Russian x 3.2%
Portuguese x 3.2%
Urdu x 2.9%
Total PIE 50,00%
Table 11 The "Most spoken languages in the World"

The PIE-based languages English, Hindi, Spanish, French, Russian, Bengali, Portuguese represent
50% of the global population.
This success may be devoted to the 5 linguistic categories of the alphabets, which are shared by the
Indo-European languages. Some of the most hierarchical, global word compositions (the sky-god
DIAUS, FAThER and MOThER and some locally defined virtues METIS, ThEMIS, LIBER,
FRANK, ….) are composed as 5-letter words, which represent all 5 categories (or points of
articulation): lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental,
A number of 5-letter keywords (as pentagrammatons) are shared as well-known and spread over the
world.
Also the efficiency of the encoding system of 3 letters for each category for some PIE-alphabets
such as the Younger Futhark contributes to the success of the Germanic languages.
This efficiency of the PIE-languages is a condition for Darwin's survival of the fittest in the
linguistics.

29 "Most spoken languages in the World". The World Factbook. CIA. Stand: 2022-01-01.
The Mandarin Chinese
The maximal inventory of initials of a Mandarin dialect is as follows, with bracketed
pinyin spellings given for those present in the standard language:[92] 30

Labial Apical Retroflex Palatal Velar

category
labial lingual dental palatal guttural
Nasals /M/ ⟨M⟩/N/ ⟨N⟩ /Ŋ/
/P/ ⟨B⟩/T/ ⟨D⟩ /K/ ⟨G⟩
Stops
/Pʰ/ ⟨P⟩
/Tʰ/ ⟨T⟩ /Kʰ/ ⟨K⟩
/TTS/ ⟨Z⟩ /ƮTʂ/ ⟨Zh⟩ /TTɕ/ ⟨J⟩
Affricates
/TTSʰ/ ⟨C⟩ /ƮTʂʰ/ ⟨Ch⟩ /TTɕʰ/ ⟨Q⟩
Fricatives /F/ ⟨F⟩ /S/ ⟨S⟩ /ʂ/ ⟨Sh⟩ /ɕ/ ⟨X⟩ /X/ ⟨H⟩
Sonorants /W/ ⟨W⟩ /L/ ⟨L⟩ /ɻ/ ~ /ʐ/ ⟨R⟩ /J/ ⟨Y⟩
Table 12 The maximal inventory of initials of a Mandarin dialect
The categories of the Mandarin letters are correlating with the PIE-categories. Only the 7 gray
letters Ŋ, Z, C, S, G, K and Ch may be deviated from the PIE-standards. These consonants
probably are bi-categorized symbols.
Most symbols of the alphabets had been categorized more or less accurately to the points of
articulation. The deviating from the 5 categories may be compared with the old-Persian alphabet.
Anyway all alphabets seem to be based on 5 points of articulation to categorize most of all
alphabetical phonemes.

The old-Persian alphabet

The Old-Persian alphabet is based on 7 triads:
The archaic vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū, the nasals N & M, the semi-vowels Y, V, R, sibilants S, Z, Ś, the special
L and glottal H are found in the old-Persian alphabet:
Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7
Velar Semi-
Vowels Palatal Alveolar Labial Nasal Sibilant Glottal
Guttural vowels L
(Ā), Ī, Ū C, Ç, J T, Θ, D P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś H
K, X, G Y, V, R
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Table 13 The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Source: A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
The dentals seem to be distributed to the R in triad 6 (semi-vowels) and the S in triad 7 (the
sibilants).

30 Mandarin Chinese
Summary
At our birth the child is born with an empty and void brain. In the blossom of our life we may fill
our brain with fancy memories, which in the end we will be loosing all in dementia.
In 1954 I memorized a remarkable set of lessons in the primary school 31, which fettered my brain
with the alphabetical concept of reading and writing.
In order to train and support my memory I decided to condense the most interesting topics of my
studies from ~ 1400 essays to one essay.
The most convincing evidence may be the Synchronization of the Germanic and Greek Pantheons
in the correlations of the sky-gods Zeus ↔ Tȳr or Ziu and the cardinal virtues Metis ↔ Themis
respectively Wit↔ Tiw). The contact between the Germanic Celts and the early Greek traders may
have discussed the Greek religious triad Zeus with his consorts Metis (wisdom) and Themis
(justice) and the corresponding Germanic triad Ziu or Tȳr with the gods Woden (wisdom) and Tiw
(justice). The Latin triad (JU-piter, Juno and Minerva)
The concepts of the religious triads Zeus, Metis and Themis, respectively Ziu, Wit and Tiw are
pentagrammatons (5-letter words), which may have shared the concepts of antipodes of the roots
TIW ↔ WIT, respectively METIS ↔ ΘEMIΣ. The Germanic Triad is based on 3 letters T, I and U
(TĪ-father, WIT and TIW). The highest top in the religious hierarchy may be 10 letter-words
(decagrammatons), such as DYAUS-PITAR and DIOUS-PITER.
The applications of the pentagrammatons in name-giving seems to be evidenced for all alphabets,
including the Elder and Younger Futhark and Ogham signaries. The 5 categories of the letters in a
pentagrammaton are based on the globally equal Place of articulation (lingual, labial, dental,
guttural and palatal32). The oldest pentagrammaton I found was the Egyptian invention or inventor
Theut, in Egyptian: Ḏḥwtj (ḎḤWTJ).
The dictionary of the pentagrammatons is updated and included in the appendix.
In 2024 my notes needed to be checked, polished and documented. My memory may be emptied
any time. This paper is composed as an overview.

31 Herinneringen aan de Godsdienstles 1954-1955 in Eindhoven (in Dutch)

32 In my essays the letters of pentagrammatons are marked by color codes lingual, labial, dental, guttural and palatal.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The reconstruction of the name Theut, Ḏḥwtj (ḎḤWTJ).....................................................................2
The hieroglyphic Egyptian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew Alphabet....................................................3
The beginning of research....................................................................................................................4
Hieroglyphics...................................................................................................................................4
The antipodes blue ↔ red in the Greek and Dutch colors' symbolism.......................................5
The categorizing of the phonemes........................................................................................................6
The Sanskrit alphabet.......................................................................................................................6
The old-Persian alphabet.................................................................................................................6
Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”..................................................................................................7
The Sefer Yetzirah............................................................................................................................8
The exact definitions of rabbi Saadia Gaon (892 – 942)............................................................8
The 2-dimensional pattern of the Younger ϝYÞAR-signary............................................................9
The parents Father-sky and Mother-earth...........................................................................................10
The personal pronouns of the first person singular and dual..............................................................11
Introduction....................................................................................................................................11
The singular ego-pronoun .............................................................................................................11
“Yiou” & “Dïou” in the Dialect around the French city of Nimes...........................................11
The dual ego-pronoun ...................................................................................................................13
The etymology of the Ionians........................................................................................................14
The god DIOUS and the goddess DIONE.....................................................................................14
The Icelandic personal pronouns of the 1st person........................................................................15
The most successful languages...........................................................................................................16
The Mandarin Chinese...................................................................................................................17
The old-Persian alphabet...............................................................................................................17
Summary.............................................................................................................................................18
Appendix - The vocabulary of the pentagrammatons........................................................................20
Appendix - The vocabulary of the pentagrammatons
The following dictionary documents a number (~444) of perfect pentagrammatons in various
languages. Only a subset of these words (with a yellow marked P-Label) have been composed as
pentagrammatons. Other words unintentionally may have turned into pentagrammatons.

~50% of the words may be interpreted as pentagrammatons. The other ~50% of the words are
accidentally shaped to pentagrammatons.

#
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
1. A
ADUZI P Adige , ladinisch Adesc, trentinisch Àdes, Adige (river) Italian
ETUSC P Adisch , Etsch Etsch German
2. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes river Afrin Turkish
3. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
4. A
AINU(S) P Ainu (human) - native people of Hokkaido, human Ainu
Sakhalin and the Kurils
5. A
AÍSŌN P Αἴσων - king of Iolcus. Father of Jason Aeson Old- Greek
6. A
ALBIS P Elbe, Latin Albis, meaning "river" or "river-bed" Albis (river) Latin
LABSK P tschech LABSK Elbe German
7. A
ALPIS P Tributary of the Danube in Herodotus (4. 49) Alpis (river) Latin
8. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki Nectar Sanskrit
9. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit Phoenician
day Tartus in Syria. (haven) (?)
10. A
ANCUS P Ancus Marcius.[5][6][7][8]: 4th Roman king Ancus Latin
11. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scots
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish (name)
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
12. A
ANIUS P king Anius of Delos (Ἄνιος) Anius Latin
13. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd month Old French
14. A
ARBID P Tell Arbid is a multicultural site. [11] Tell Arbid Sumerian
15. A
ARJUN(A) P Core: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
16. A
ASINU P in Corsican: asinu; Sicilian: àsinu, ASINU ass Sicilian
Usually compared to Ancient Greek ὄνος (ónos)
(which cannot be its direct ancestor)
17. A
AUGST P August (in page 72v3 in the Voynich manuscript) August German (?)
18. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Aulis (port) Greek
DAULIS Ancient port-town, located in Boeotia in central Daulis Greek
Greece
Aulis (AULIS) may be related to Daulis
(DAULIS).
19. A
ΑἼΣΩΝ P (Αἴσων) – Aison was the son of Cretheus & Tyro Aison Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
20. A
ἈΡΊΩΝ P (Ἀρείων) – very fast, black horse. Arion Greek
21. A
A
ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
22. AE
ÆLIUS P Sextus_Aelius_Catus (Roman senator) (4 AD) Catus (name) Latin
Both ÆLIUS and CATUS are pentagrams
23. AE
ÆTIUS P Aetius called the "Last of the Romans" was a Aetius Latin
military commander for two decades (433–454).
24. A
E
ALVIS P ELVIS may be derived from the Scandinavian Elvis Old Norse
ELVIS Old Norse word Alvis which in Norse mythology (name)
means “all-wise”. The etymology of the name is
unknown, and it is uncertain whether the name
should be considered Irish (Gaelic) or British
(Welsh) or Scandinavian (Old Norse) in origin.
25. A
Z
ASIUT P capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt Asiut English
S ASYUT P (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 BC "Guardian" Egyptian
ZAWTY P Egyptian Zawty, Coptic Syowt[2] Koptisch
SYOWT
26. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
27. B
BARIT P Mineral baryt/barit, barium sulfate (BaSO4) barit German
28. B
BASIL P Basil, fr.: "basileus" (βασιλεύς, king). In Arabic, Basil Greek
Bas(s)el (‫باسل‬, bāsil) is a name for boys and girls bāsil Arabic
29. B
BATIR P batir To beat Spanish
30. B
BATYR P (“speaking”) Asian elephant, offspring of once- Batyr Turkic
БАТЫЫ
Р wild Indian elephants. Batyr, is a Turkic word Russian
meaning 'dashing equestrian', 'man of courage' or
'athlete'.
Batyr – from famous Bashkir epic poem "Ural-
Batyr" (bash-qurt, "leading wolf" )
31. B
BEITS P stain (colorant that soaks into surface) beits Dutch
32. B
BERIL P Beryl (mineral with formula Be3Al2Si6O18 ) Beryl English
BERYL P Middle English: beril borrowed, via Old French: beryl Old French
33. B
BILES P Biles (surname) Uncertain or disputed Biles English
34. B
BINZA P binza membrane Spanish
35. B
BIREN P Birne - pear German
BIRNE P Biren
36. B
BIRNA P Old-Norse: Birna (she-bear, female bear) she-bear Icelandic
37. B
BISEL P Bisel, possibly a habitational surname from Bisel French
Alsace
38. B
BISEL P bisel order Spanish
39. B
BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
40. B
BĪZAN P Old High German Bizan – fr.: Old English bītan to bite OH. German
41. B
BJØRN P biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) - probably Bjørn Old Norse
BJORN P from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“brown,
shining”).
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
42. B
BLOIS P Blois (832 AD), in the Rennaissance official Blois (city) French
residence for the King of France.
43. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady boss French
44. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
45. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
46. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed noble Irish
BRYAN from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
47. B
B
BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make To build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
48. B
B
BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
*MREGh-MO - pie. *mregh-mo- (brains) PIE
49. B
B
BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
50. B
P
BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid, Dutch
B PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
51. B
P
BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king/queen Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basin(a) of Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia
52. B
S
BIDDEN P Fides, (confidence, trust)33 Fides (virtue) Dutch
F FIDES P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη(sphídē) Latin
ΣΦΊΔΗ - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” to beg Old Greek
53. C
CĀNUS P cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable Aged person Latin
54. C
CATUS P catus clever Latin
55. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl / CHURL), lage stand v. vrije man Churl English
56. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). To churn English
57. C
CIRNÉ P Kalliste, Corsis, CYRNOS, Cernealis, or CIRNÉ Cyrnus Greek
CYRNOs - Corsica
58. C
CONUS P From Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone, cōnus Medieval
spinning top, pine cone”) Latin
59. C
CRĪBLE - Crible - sieve, sifter, riddle sieve French
60. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin “corona” crown English
61. C
K
CETUS P Trojan Cetus Cetus Latin
KETOS - (Ketos Troias) - Sea-Monster
62. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
63. D
*DUIRO P Duero (river) Duero (river) Spain/Portug.

33 Numa is said to have built a temple to FIDES publica; Source: fides (FIDES) in William Smith, editor
(1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
64. D
DARYVŠ - D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š - Darius I Darius (king) Old-Persian
DA(R)YVŠ - daryvuS
65. D
DAULIS - in ancient Phocis, near the frontiers of Boeotia Daulis Greek
66. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. honor Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
67. D
ḎḤWTY P Theuth (Djehuty, ḎḤWTY, ṢḪWTY)) Theuth Ugaritic
ṢḪWTY in the Ugaritic alphabet
68. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛᾱ Sky-god Sanskrit
69. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
70. D
DIMER P sky-god – in emesal pronounced as DIMER Dingir Sumerian
71. D
DIVES P Dives (river) in France Dives (river) French
72. D
DIVES P dives rich Latin
73. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. divine Latin
74. D
DMITRY - Dmitry: From Russian Дмиᾱтрий (Dmítrij), from Dmitry Russian
- Latin Dēmētrius, from Ancient Greek Δημήτριος Dimitri
(Dēmḗtrios), fr. Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr, “Demeter”).
75. D
DOUIX - Douix (Source at the river Seine) Douix (river) French
76. D
DURGA P Hindu goddess (for mother goddess Mahadevi) Durga Sanskrit
77. D
DURАК P Дурак, the Russian card game Durak 'ДУРАК' Durak (fool) Russian
ДУРАК (English: 'fool'),
78. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus (god) DIEUS (god) PIE
79. D
DYMAS P king of Phrygia - (Ancient Greek: Δύμας) Dymas Greek
80. D
D
DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin
DĪVES- P originally DĪVES-PATER (god) (m.)
PATER
81. E
ELGUR P the elk (Islandic: elgur (ELGUR) elk Islandic
82. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
83. E
ENGUR P fresh water (from underground aquifers), freshwater Sumerian
(ABZU) also named ENGUR. Also named “Abzu”,
literally, ab='water' (or 'semen') zu='to know' or
'deep' was the name for fresh water from
underground aquifers.
84. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil (city) Kurdish
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
85. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city Eridu (city) Sumerian
in the world by the ancient Sumerians
86. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
87. E
ἘΧῙЫ
ΩΝ P (Ἐχῑᾱων) "viper", one of the 5 founders of Thebes Echion-name Greek
88. E
S
ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) thorn English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) needle Latin
S SPĪNA P spiná (спинаᾱ , back) backbone Russian
S
SPINÁ - cliff Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) needle Galician
SPELD - espiña Dutch
speld, diminutive form of SPINE
89. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
90. F
FANIS P Φάνης -masculine given name from the Fánis Greek
Ancient Greek “Theóphanes (θεοφάνης) Φάνης
91. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti (days) Latin
92. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, (Feeding rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the parent)
procreator father is named the “Kuni”. Foster-father
93. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat (animal) Latin
94. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) happy Spanish
95. F
FELLIS P Fellis (Latin: bile), bile Latin
Latin GALBUS "greenish-yellow,"
96. F
FENIX P Fenix, fenix - phoenix (mythical bird) Phoenix Old English
97. F FENRIS - Fenrir (Old Norse 'fen34-dweller')[3] Wolf Old Norse
98. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Old German
99. F
FIDES P fidēs - faith, belief, confidence, trust fidēs Latin
100. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
101. F
FINAR P finar To dy Spanish
102. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat (river) Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Eufraat] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
103. F
FIRTH - fjord, river mouth - root *pertu- firth Scots
104. F
FJORD P narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by fjord Scandinavian
a glacier. Indo-European root *pertu-
105. F
FOSITE - Fosite: Norse god for justice Fosite (god) Fries
106. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
107. F
FRIDA P Frida (name), Swedish name Frida (name) Swedish
108. F
FYRET P the word FYRET appears in Middle English in Ferret Classical Latin
the 14th century from the Latin.
109. F
FYΘAR P Futhark - runic code in alphabet and scripture Fythar(k) Germanic
110. F
ϝYÞAR P Variant of Futhar(k): (From the ϜUÞARK to the Alternative Germanic
ϝYÞOR P ϝYÞAR and ϝYÞOR Runes ) for Fythar (k)
111. F
F
FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną To free Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free to make love Prt.-W.
V VRÎEN P Germ.
V
F FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P

34 A fen is a type of peat-accumulating wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water.[1][2]

 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
FRIJŌN P Middle Dutch
FILOS P Dutch
Gothic
112. F
P
FYSON P Rivers of Paradise: Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel (or Fyson (river) Mid.-English
PISON P Tigris), and Euphrates. Pison English
113. G
*ǴHUTÓS P God - “Invoked One” (PIE/ǵʰutós God PI-European
*GUDAZ P Prot.-Germ.; GUÐ “the God” Prot.-Germ
*GUDĄ - Etymology is uncertain
114. G
*GUDAS P God - “Invoked One”, derived from God Proto-
*GUDAN - Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰutós Germanic
115. G
GADUS P Gadus (cod is a common name for Gadus) cod (fish) Latin
116. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
117. G
GENU(S) P *genu, English knee knee Latin
118. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) family, birth Latin
119. G
GESTÚ P Enki as the god of knowledge (gestú) knowledge Sumerian
120. G
GLEMS P The Glems (German tributary of a river Enz) Glems German
121. G
GUEST P from Proto-Germanic *GASTIZ, from Proto- guest English
Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, host”)
122. G
GUTES P Gutes (GUTES), population of Gotland, Sweden Goths English
GUTAR P Old Gutnish: Gutar (Gutar) Old Gutnish
123. G
GUTRA P Gutra (Keffiyeha) – square scarf for men Gutra (scarf) Arabic
124. G
D
DI-WE (S) - DI-WE or DI-WO or DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S) Zeus (*Dii ēus) Mycenaen
or DI-WO - Zeus (*Dii ēus) Greek
(S)
125. H
H
HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
K HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
126. H
S
(HI-) Spain - The origins of the Roman name Hispania, Spain (state) Spanish
S SPANIA - and the modern España, are uncertain, although English
SPAIN P the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the Phoenician
SPANIA - region as Spania
127. I
INFERNO Inferi: "inhabitants of infernal regions, the dead." Inferno (Hel) Latin
128. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
129. I
ISFET P Isfet is the counter (Unorder) to Maat. Unorder Ancient
Ma'at was to overcome isfet (chaos / a product of (Chaos) Egyptian
an individual's free will)
130. I
ISMEN(E) - Ancient Greek: Ἰσμήνη, Ismēnē) is the daughter Ismēnē Greek
and half-sister of Oedipus
131. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones Istavonen Latin
(people)
132. I ἼΩΝΕΣ P Ἴωνες (IΩNES) or Ἰᾱᾱϝoνες (*IĀWOΝΕΣ) Iones Greek
ἸᾹЫ
ϜOΝΕΣ - (*IĀϜΩNES) (etymology is uncertain) (Ionians) Iawones
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
133. I
J
IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
134. J
IÁSŌN P Greek: Ἰάσων, leader of the Argonauts Jason Greek
135. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
136. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
137. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury French
138. J
JURON P juron swear word French
139. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" Just French
JUSTO P Spanish
140. J
JUTES P Jutes (population of Jutland, Denmark) Jutes English
141. J
T
JURTE P Tent, dormitory (Russian: юрта), Tent (Yurt) German,
Y
TIRMÄ P тирмә (transl.: tirmä) is the Bashkir term for yurt. тирмә Bashkir
Ю YURTA P homeland homeland Russian
JURTA P In Hungarian yurt is called "jurta" jurta Hungarian
ЮРТА P → "yurta" (юрта) (the word came into English) юрта (Cyrillic)
142. k
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun (river) English
river. In the Bible: Gihon river, at the Garden of
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
143. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise In runes
“Guth” (God)
144. K
KLEUR P Colour – early 13c., "skin color, complexion," kleur Dutch
COLOUR – from Anglo-French culur, coulour, Old French Color English
COULEUR - color "color, complexion, appearance" (Modern Colour French
French couleur), from Latin color "color of the
skin;
145. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war Greek
146. K
KRÉŌN P son of Menoikeus Kreon Greek
147. K
KREY(N) P sieve, sifter, riddle sieve PIE-kern
148. K KUREN(e) - Κῡρήνη: Cyrene (queen) and city Cyrene in Libya Cyrene Greek
149. K
KYNOS P residence of Deucalion and Pyrrha in Locris Kynos Greek
150. K
K
KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
151. L
*LIWAR P Loire Loire (river) French
152. L
LACUS P Lacus (e.g. Lacus_Curtius) Water, lake Latin
LAGUZ P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) Old-Norse
LAUGR P Laguz
153. L
LAIUS P Laius- Son of Labdacus. Father, by Jocasta, of Laius (name) Latin
LAIOS - Oedipus, who killed him. Greek
154. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek stone Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
155. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Licht Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food) (weight)
156. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Louis (name) English
157. L
LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) Liver English
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ P
158. L
LIBAR P libar To suckle Spanish
LIBER P
159. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
160. L
LIBRA P Libra (pound) and Libra (in astrology) Pound Spanish
P Scales
161. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
162. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; love Dutch
W.Ps.]
163. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
164. L
LI
IMOS P Limos hunger Greek
165. L
LISMA P Lisma (“appear obsequious”): no etymology to fawn Swedish
166. L
LIVES P lives lives English
167. L
LIVRE P livre book French
168. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
169. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (king) Louis (name) French
170. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (king) Clovis- name French
171. L
LOVIS P Alternative spelling for e.g. Lovisa/Louise Lovis (name) Swedish (f.)
(female / male) German (m.)
172. L
LUCHS P Luchs (Felis lynx) lynx German
173. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} from Latin locus. Doublet of local. location Spanish
174. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
175. L
LUKAS P Surname and given name, also towns in the USA Lukas Italic
LUCAS P etymology: related to lux (“light”) Lucas
176. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
177. L
LURIA P Isaac Luria (* 1534 - †1572), leading rabbi Luria Hebrew
178. L
LURIA P Luria: sea snails, genus of gastropod molluscs Luria Latin (?)
179. L
LUXIA (?) - Luxia1 (river in Spanje: Rio Tinto) Tinto (river) Latin
180. L
LUXOR P Luxor, one of the eldest inhabitated cities Luxor (Egypt) Egyptian
181. L
ΛΌΦΙΣ P In Haliartus there is a river Lophis (Λόφις). Lophis river Greek
182. L
L
LIBER P The word “Liberi” is a “pluralia tantum” Child Latin
LIBERI - (only in plural) (children)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
183. L
L
LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P liure (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
184. M
(Ava) P In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
MEZIN "the Great Water". [Tigris] river
185. M
*MOSIL P German Mosel, French Moselle, Dutch Moezel Moezel river German
186. M
MANSI P Are the Minoans and the Mansi in Siberia Mansi Mansi
related? | Minoans Part 6 (people)
187. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
188. M
MARIN P Marin (name), from s Latin name Marinus Marin (name) Latin
189. M
MARIT P Marit-female given name from Margaret Marit Scandinavian
190. M
MARIT P nominative plural of mari; Borrowed from Persons Finnish
Eastern Mari мари (mari, “Mari person”). (plural)
191. M
MARIT P husband (spouse) in Catalan & Old Occitan husband Catalan
marriage in Tok Pisin From Latin marītus. Old Occitan
192. M
MARITSA - Maritsa (river) Maritsa river Bulgaars
MERIÇ P Meriç [meɾitTʃ] Meriç [meɾitTʃ] Turkish
193. M
MAThIR P Mother Mother Old Irish
194. M
MATIR P Alternative form of matere (essential matter) matter Middle
English
195. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Mother Gaulish
Gaulish Influence on Breton"
196. M
MATIS P Matis : indigenous people of Brazil.[1] Matis Portuguese
197. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dative: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Sicilian
198. M
MAZiD(A) P Surname : Mazid means 'holy'. (Iran) Mazid Arabic
(name)
199. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} To measure Spanish
200. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
201. M
MENIS P anger, wrath, fury. Initial word of the Iliad Mēnis Greek
202. M
MENRVA – MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman Menrva (god) Etruscan
MINERVA P names for Metis, the deity of wisdom Minerva Latin
203. M
MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man (person) Dutch
204. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish).
205. M
MERYL P Meryl Meryl (name) English
206. M
MĒTĪRĪ P derived from *mēti ‘measure’ < pie. *méh1-ti- to measure Latin
207. M
MÉTIS P Métis Indigenous people in Canada Métis French
originally French:"person of mixed parentage"
208. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena) goddess of (Goddess) Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. First consort of the sky-god Zeus. Wisdom
209. M METIS P Mediomatricum (→ Mettis, Metis → Mets Metz Celtic oppidum
METTIS - birthplace of the Carolingian dynasty French/German
210. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (king) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
211. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas (city) Greek
212. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown, maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldier”)
213. M
MILOS P Slavic, diminutive of Miloslav-"lover of glory" Milos (name) Slavic
214. M
MILOS P Milos – volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Milos island Greek
Sea
215. M
MINAR P To mine; to undermine to mine Spanish
216. M
MINAR P Old Persian: pillar pillar Old Persian
217. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
218. M
MINER P mineworker pitman English
219. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) smaller Latin
220. M
MINOS P Minos - Royal Name Minos Linear A
(king) (Cretan)
221. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] mother New Greek
222. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) mother Scots
223. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) Mithra (god) Avestan
of covenant, light, and oath
224. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
225. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother Icelandic
226. M
MOIST P moist moist English
227. M
MORIN P MORIN - Mongole „Pferd“, Chinese „ma“ Horse Mongole
→ in German Mähre
228. M
MYNES P Mynes (mythology). Mynes, king of the city of Mynes Greek
Lyrnessus which was sacked by Achilles, who
there captured his wife, Briseis. Mynes was son
of King Evenus, son of Selepus.[2]
229. M
MYSON P (Sage) Myson of Chenae (6th cent. BC); Myson Greek
230. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
231. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean mean Greek
232. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
233. M
M
MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Mainz (city) German
M MENUS P Moenis (also MŒNUS or MENUS), the name the Main (river) German
MŒNUS P Romans used for the river.
234. M
M
MELKS P Substantive: milk, and the verb “to milk” milk Dutch
M
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Latvian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovenian
235. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis -tyrant Latin
236. N
NAPIR P Napir (Linear Elamite: Elamite cuneiform: Na- Napir Elamite
pi-ir) was the Elamite god of the moon.[1][2][3]
237. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
238. N
NEURI Neuri (Greek: Νευροὶ, Latin: Neuri): ancient Neuri Baltic
Baltic people, recorded by Herodotus
239. N
NEVIS P B. Nevis is the highest mountain in GB.(1345m) Ben Nevis English
240. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nibru (city) Sumerisch
NUFFAR - Nippur. Great complex of ruin mounds known to
NIBRU - the Arabs as Nuffar, written by the earlier
explorers Niffer, divided into two main parts by
the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat)
Source: Nibru
241. N
NÎMES P Nîmes - Nemausus god of the local Volcae tribe. Nîmes French
242. N
NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ, water water Sanskrit
243. N
NIRVA P nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from Nirwana Sanskrit
ननस (nis, “out”) + व (vā, “to blow”).
244. N
NISBA P adjective surname indicating the person's nisba Arabic
place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry
245. N
NIZĀM P Nizām, a poet (creating the poems of Nezami) Nizām (name) Persian
246. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense To trifle Latin
247. N
NURhAGe - ancient megalithic edifice found in Sardinia edifice Sardinian
Natively, the structure is called a nurhage nurhage
248. N
NZOKU P Nzɔku - Loxodonta (African elephants) elephant Kikongo
In the 10th century, the people of Igbo-Ukwu in
Nigeria buried their leaders with elephant tusks.
South Africa uses elephant tusks in their coat of
arms
249. O
(H)ORMIZD - *Hasura MazdʰaH - Ahura Armenian
- Ahura Mazda (supreme god) Mazda Old-Persian
(H)ormazd
250. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus (king) Latin
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
251. O
OLIZŌN - ancient Greek town and polis Olizon Greek
252. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
253. O
ΟΥΥΗΤΙΣ P Oútis (a transliteration of the Ancient Greek nobody Old-Greek
ΟÚΤΙS P pronoun Οὖτις = "nobody" or "no one")[1]
254. P
*PADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
255. P
DOS PILAS P 2 wells (water containers) Guatemalan Spanish (2) wells Guat. Spanish
256. P
PĀLĪZ P a kitchen garden, used by Xenophon for an garden, (New) Persian
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
“enclosed park” of the Persian kings (Paradise) paradise
257. P
PANIR P Paneer: from a Hindi-Urdu term panīr, from Panir Persian
PONIR P Persian panir (‫' )پنیر‬cheese', from Old Iranian.[2]
[3]
258. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread Latin
259. P
PANIS P Panis or vaniks are wealthy tradesmen merchants Sanskrit
VANIKS -
260. P
PARIL P Paril - village in Bulgaria Paril Bulgarian
261. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthen Latin
262. P
PARTY P party, quantity, literally "that which is divided," party, quantity English
PARTIe -
263. P
PASIN P mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of the name Pasitigris Karun (river) English
(or Pasin-Tigris) – also: KARUN
264. P
PATIR P Patir (father) father Oscan
265. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} claim Spanish
266. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
267. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
268. P
PERChT P Perchta - (English: Bertha), also Percht and Perchta German
other variations, was once known as a goddess in
Alpine paganism
269. P
PERIL P risk risk English
270. P
PERIT P Perit - From Latin perītus. expert Catalan
271. P
PETRI P Petri Peter Basque
Hungarian
272. P
PhENIX P From Old English and Old French fenix, from phoenīx Latin
FENIX Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Old English
Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix)
273. P
PhYLAS P Φύλας Phýlas /Phylas- King of the Dryoper Phylas-name Greek
274. P
PIAST - píast, péist (Old Irish), see: etymology bestia Piast (beast) Irish
PÉIST P “beist” in The Bokmål Dictionary. beist Norwegian
BEIST P Wild animal, beast, From Latin bestia. beast Bokmål
BESTIe - The origin is unknown.
275. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Peter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
276. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
277. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalan
Norse
278. P
PILAS P Dos Pilas - two wells (or water containers) wells Guatemalan
Maya civilisation in Guatemala Spanish
279. P
PINAR P Pinewood forest (from: Pinus) pinewood Spanish
280. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios(river) Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
281. P
PIRAN P Piran - town in southwestern Slovenia Piran (town) Slovenian
282. P
PIRAT P Pirat (pirate) pirate German
283. P
PIREN P Piren, king of Argos / a Boeotian prince Piren Greek
284. P
PIRET P Piret (given name) Estonian Variant of Brigitte Piret Estonian
285. P
PIROL P Pirol (bird) - Binomial name Oriolus oriolus Pirol German
In the heraldry the pirol is a common charge
286. P
PIRON P Name (French / Swiss / Belgian) Piron French
287. P
PIROT P Pirot (Пирот) - city in southeastern Serbia. Pirot Serbian
288. P
PISAN P pis/“annu “box”35 box Sumerian
289. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) father Sanskrit
290. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piters- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
291. P
PITOR P painter (in Lombard and Piedmontese) painter Lombard
292. P
PIZAN P Christine de Pizan - Italian poet and author Christine de French
(1364 – c. 140) Pizan
293. P
PJOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
PYOTR
294. P
PLIAS P Plias and Pliades , v. Pleias. Pleiades (Latin) Pleiades Latin
295. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
296. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
297. P
PRION P Prion, an infectious agent Prion English
298. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
299. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (fish-) fork English
300. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
301. P
PYLOS P „seven-gated Thebes“ (Thebe Heptapylos) Gate Greek
PYLUS -- Pylus - member of the Aetolian royal family
302. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
303. P
PYRET - a river of Scythia that flows into the Danube, Prut (river) Romanian
(us) now the river Prut (unknown etymology)
304. P
PYRRhON - Πύρρων ὁ Ἠλεῖος – Gr. philosopher (270 BC) Pyrrho of Elis Old Greek
305. P
ΠΑΣΙΦάη - Pasiphaë – Queen of Crete, married with Minos, Pasiphaë Greek
king of Crete
306. P
B
PADIS P Padus (Po) (river), Padus (Po) Latin
BODIS P Bodincus (old Ligurian) Bodincus Ligurian
307. P
F
PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with Fyson (river) English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Pis(h)on Mid.-English
Gihon)
308. P
P
POLIRE - from Latin polire "to Pools, make smooth; To polish English
POLIS P decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘Pools’, Latin

35 Sumerian Grammar uploaded by Baskar Saminathnan

 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
unknown etymology. French
309. P
P
POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, city Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
310. P
P
POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Litvian
311. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) To quern English
312. R
*RHIJUN P Rhine (E), Rhein (D), Rijn (NL) Rhine (river) Germanic
313. R
RABIN P rabin-from Latin rabbinus &Hebrew ‫( רבי‬rabí) rabbi Polish
314. R
RAFID P Name for towns and persons Rafid Arabian
315. R
RAFIT P Given name "the one who shows the way" Rafit Arabic
and is of Muslim origin.
316. R
RĀMIN P Poetry “Vis and Rāmin” Ramin (name) Persian
317. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
318. R
RÁUTI P Sanskrit RÁUTI र नत 'roar' (source: runes) roar Sanskrit
319. R
RIFAT P Riphath great-grandson of Noah, grandson of Riphath, Hebrew
Japheth, son of Gomer Rıfat
320. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) write Dutch
321. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
322. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub Mnd.-Dutch
323. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
324. R
ROBIJN P ruby (substance)-from Medieval Latin rubīnus ruby Dutch
325. R
ROBIN P Magpie robin (national bird in Bangladesh) robin English
326. R
RUNGA P Runga – (Rapa Nui /Easter-island) - Creator Creator Rapa Nui
Rangi – For Māori Rangi & Papa are the
original couple for the sky & earth.
327. R
R
RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
328. R
R
RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
329. S
SABIDO P sabiduría (“SABIDURÍA”) is wisdom. The Wisdom Spanish
SAVID - eternal wisdom (sabiduría eterna, o sabiduría
increada) is translated 1. f. Rel. “El Verbo
Divino” - the divine word”.
330. S
SALIM P Salīm (Arabian ‫ )سلیم‬adjective „healthy”, etc. Healthy Arabian
SELIM P Selim I, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (1512-1520). Selim I
331. S
ŚANKU P [pointed stick, big fish] Big fish Old-Indian
SǪKŬ - Old Church
Slavic
332. S
SEDMĬ P sedmĭ (Old Church Slavonic) seven OSlov
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
333. S
SIBEL P Cybele is an ancient goddess of fertility. Κύβελις Greek
CYBELE Phrygian: Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya "Mother" Cybele Phrygian
334. S
SIBYL - sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. Σῐᾱβυλλᾰ Greek
The origin is unknown.[7] A sibyl at Delphi has sibyl English
been dated to as early as the eleventh century BC
by Pausanias[4]
335. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Old Greek
336. S
SILBE P Silbe: syllable, word, part of a word Silbe German
337. S
SILBO P El Silbo ("Gomeran whistle communication") El Silbo Spanish
338. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) forest Latin
339. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (city) Indian (?)
340. S
SIMON P Simon (given name), from Hebrew ‫ מש עמעון‬Šimʻôn, Simon Dutch
meaning "listen" or "hearing".[1]
341. S
SINOP P Sinop, Greek: Σινώπη, founded from Miletus, Sinop (city) Turkish
named after red earth pigment called sinopia red color
342. S
SĪVAN S Sīvan – 3rd month of the Hebrew calendar Sīvan Hebrew
usually in May–June on a Gregorian calendar. May–June
343. S
SIWAN P People of Siwa & Welsh form of Joan (name) Siwan Welsh
344. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), de stad Crusis, Herodotus. Smila (city) Greek
Histories. 7.123.
345. S
SMILA P Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
346. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
347. S
SP'ILO P სპილო - Elephas (Asian elephants) elephant Georgian
348. s
SPAIN P Spain Spain English
349. S
SPILE P Spile Wooden Fork Latvian
350. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
351. S
SPION P spy, person who secretly gathers information spy German
352. S
SUAIN P Runic word for young, strong man (swain) youngster English
SUEIN P (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen) OHD
SWAIN P
353. S
SUIDÆ P Suda -10th-century Byzantijnse encyclopedie Suda (book) Latin
354. S
SUNIA P Runic word for “understand” - Old Norse skyn; Understand, Germanic
cognate with Danish skøn, Swedish skön. shine
355. S
SUTHI P Suthi, (tomb) tomb Etruscan
356. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch Swine English
SchWEIN swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal) German
Swedish, Danish svin)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
357. S
S
SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ Sabinus Dutch
358. S
S
SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), the sun and the letter “S” sun, Gothic
S SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
359. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
360. T
TAMIS P Tamis - drum sieve drum sieve French
361. T
TAMIZh P Tamil – spelled as TAMIZh Tamil Tamil
362. T
TAPIR P Tapir (animal) Tapir-animal English
363. T
TARIM P principal river of the Tarim Basin, a desert Tarim (river) English
364. T
TAURI P Tauri (Tawri, Tanwri) 1st people in Crimea Crimean Greek
365. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) – evergreen tree Yew (tree) English
366. T
TEIȘU P Teișu, village in Cozieni, Buzău, Romania Teișu Romanian
367. T
TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *Teiws (god) Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
368. T
TERUG P terug (return, backwards) backwards Dutch
369. T
ThEISM P Theism - broadly defined as the belief in the Theism English
existence of at least one deity.[1][2]
370. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – (after METIS) second consort of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
371. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle uncle Latin
derived from: Old Greek θεῖος (theîos).
372. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotia) (Greece) Thebe (city) Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
373. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) At home Dutch
374. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
(Ancient Greek: Θήβαις, ThĒBAIS, i.e. "at
Thebes"
375. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind courage Greek
376. T
TIBER P Tiber Etymology pre-Latin, origin may be Italic. Tiber (river) Latin
377. T
TIBOR P in old Slavic, Tibor means "sacred place" Tibor old Slavic
378. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamese
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭. (naam)
379. T
TIFOS P Tifos - "still water" still water Aegean
380. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. Fear, awe Latin
381. T
TIŠMA P Tišma (or Tisma) (A surname name) Tišma Serbian
382. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
383. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz - Týr or Tiw Germanic god Germanic
384. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz - the Luwian Sun-god. sun (deity) Luwian
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
385. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr (god) rune
386. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers in Val Medel Val Medel Sursilvan
(nickname)
387. T
TOMIS P Τόμις, Constanța, a city in Romania (* 600 BC) Constanța Greek
388. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe tribe English
389. T
TURIA P Turia – river (280 km) in Valencia Turia (river) Spanish
390. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
391. T
TVEIR P Old Norse tveir, tvau two Old Norse
392. T
ΘΊSΒE P Thisbe Θίσβη ΘΊΣΒΗ – Greek city Thisbe (city) Greek
393. T
J
TIRMÄ P тирмә (transl.: tirmä) is the Bashkir term for yurt. тирмә Bashkir
T JURTE P Tent, dormitory (Russian: юрта), Tent (Yurt) German,
Y YURTA P homeland homeland Russian
Ю
JURTA P In Hungarian yurt is called "jurta" jurta Hungarian
ЮРТА P → "yurta" (юрта) (the word came into English) юрта (Cyrillic)
394. T
T
TAPIS P Tapis, Carpet, rug French
T TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek Byz.-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
395. U
ULRIKE - Ulrike (female given name) Ulrike (name) German
396. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), unite Latin
397. U
UR(t)CIA - ...et Deus uocant UR(t)CIA glossed as 'God' by Urtzi Basque
URTIA P Picaud (see Urtzi) (Codex Calixtinus)
398. U
URION P Orion's birth by urination into a bull's hide[14] Orion Greek
recorded in [Pseudo]-Palaephatus (~4th BCE) (ourion)
399. U
UTARI P Ainu (human) also identify themselves as "Utari" people Ainu
("comrade" or "people").
400. U
U
ÛÐIRA P Udder udder Germanic
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
401. U
U
URIEL P Uriel, ‫ אורמיא לל‬ʾŪrīʾēl, "El/God is my flame" Uriel Hebrew
URIAL P name of one of the archangels Urial
402. U
U
URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperma Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (bron:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
403. U
U
UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
W WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (also see → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
404. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
405. V
VALIS P Waal (Netherlands) – largest river Waal (river) Latin
ChALUZ
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
406. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir (gods) Old Norse
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. Uncertain Etymology36)
407. V
VEINS P veins (blood vessels) veins English
408. V
VENUS - Goddess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus (god) Latin
prosperity and victory
409. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin – (the god of revenge) Víðarr (god) Old Norse
410. V
VILAR P Vilar, Hamlet, farmland - Late Latin, from vilar Galician
VILLAR - villa. villar Spanish
Synonyms: barrio, lugar (LUGAR)
411. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
412. V
VIRNA P Virna (from: Latin 'virgo' or 'Virginia' ): name Virna Italian
413. V
VIThA - runes were called VIThA by the West Slavs, Runes West Slavic
VYThAR P Hanuš 1842 p. 381, (Deities of Slavic religion) Futhar runes
414. V
VITOR P Vitor - cooper, basketmaker cooper Latin
415. V
VITSA P Vitsa (Greek: Βίτσα) village in Zagori (Greece). Βίτσα (Vitsa) Greek
416. V
VLIES P Vlies (Fleece, membrane) membrane Dutch
417. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
418. V
VRENI P Verena (Vreni) refers to Saint Verena, a 3rd to 4th Verena Swiss
century. Verena was born in Thebes (Egypt)
419. V
VRIJEN P (1): “VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). Originally: 1: vrijen Dutch
“to love” (from: friend in Etymology-bank). 2: free people Frankish (?)
(2): “VRIJEN”: the “free people” (FRANKen)
420. V
W
VALLIS - Upper Rhône valley (Vallis-Latin) Vallis, Wallis Latin
421. V
W
WALLIS - Upper Rhône valley (Vallis-Latin) Vallis, Wallis Latin
422. V
W
VIDERE - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), to know, wissen To know Dutch
W VIŽDĄ - (German); Old Church Slavic. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
WETEN - ‘zien’ vědě ‘I know’; OCL
WISSEN -
423. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, Īṛlion ) Troje, Īṛlion Hettitisch
424. W
WATIR P Middle English : watir (plural watiris) Water English
425. W
WEIRD P fate, destiny, luck (weird: Old English wyrd) weird English
426. W
WHIRL P whirl (twist, verb) (To) whirl English
427. W
WIDER 37
P ram (male sheep) ram OHigh German
WIDAR P Yiddish
VIDER P

36 Numerous theories have been proposed for the etymology of Vanir. Scholar R. I. Page says that, while there is no
shortage of etymologies for the word, it is tempting to link the word with Old Norse vinr ('friend') and Latin Venus
('goddess of physical love').[2] Vanir is sometimes anglicized to Wanes (singular Wane).[a]
37 From Middle High German wider (WIDER), from Old High German widar (WIDAR), from Proto-West Germanic
*weþru, from Proto-Germanic *weþruz, akin to Old Saxon wethar, English wether, Yiddish: ‫( ווידער‬VIDER) -The
form with a short vowel is Central German, perhaps standardised in part to avoid the homophony with wider
(“against”) and wieder (“again”).
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
428. W
WIJSEL P Wijsel, Wissel, Wisła Wijsel, Wissel German
VISLA P (ancient sources spell the name ISTULA) Wisła (river) Pools
429. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach (NL.: onderwijzer = teacher) To teach Dutch
430. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BISON Bison Germanic
431. W
WIZARD - wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
432. W
WIZZŌD - Wizzōd‚ law; Testament, Sacrament law Gothic
433. W
WIÞRĄ P Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (WIÞRĄ, “against”) against Proto-Germ.
434. W
WRANG P wrang (sourish) wrang Dutch
435. W
WRONG P wrong verkeerd English
436. W
W
*WRAITh P Old English wrað "angry" – very angry. wrath English
*WREIT- P (literally "tormented, twisted") wroth
437. W
W
WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
438. Y
YSULA P Yssel, Ijssel (Netherlands & Germany) Yssel (river) Latin
ISULA IJssel
439. Z
DŹWINA P Düna ; Pools Dźwina Düna (river) Polish
440. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
441. Z
ZIBOR P Source: The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur Bison Slavic
ZOBIR P and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
442. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, tongue German
*TUNGǬ - from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto- Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - Indo-European *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin Latin
TONGUE - lingua English
443. F
L
ΦIΛOΣ P Filos, from: “philosopher” To love Greek
L LIEF(S) P ΦIΛOΣ Dutch
LIeBES - German
444. P
ΦΡΎΝΗ P Φρύνη - Phryne Greek hetaira (courtesan). Phryne, name Greek

Dictionary (~444) of perfect pentagrams